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1.

an injurios act= offence, crime, wreng

2.liable to on deserving punishment = punishable

3. violation = breach

4. inaction = failure to act

5.harmsful = injurious

6. a serious crime = felony( U.S.), indictable offence(G.B)

7.for more than = in excess of

8. under the term of whide = whereby

9. fraud, misrepresentation= diception

10. criminal mischief = criminal damage

HOMEWORK

8.10/140

1.A crime, also termed criminal wrong,is a social harm that the law
makes punishable .A second meaning involves the breach of a legal
duty toreated as the subject- meather of a criminal proceeding. There
is no difference betwien crime and offence.

2.In US, crimes ar classified into felonies, misdemeanors, treason.

3.In UK, offences are commonly divided nto: indictable


offences,summary offences, offences wich are triable either way;
against the public interest, agaist the person, against the property.

4.The difference between murder and manslaughter is that the last


one is commited without malice aforethaught. By "malice
aforethaught" is meant that the murderer thought about the
circumstances of the crime before it was comited.

5.The difference between voluntary and involuntary manslaughter is


that one crimes when a person causes death of another in
circumstances whit would how .................................. the murder if
the ........... had ........... beem done under provocation
with ............................. responsability ar in punsuance of a suicide
pact and the other is commited without means rea.

6.Aggravard assaults include assault with in...... to resist lawful arrest ,


unlawful and malicious wounding and the intension of grievions
bodily harm.

7.The difference between th...... and robbery is that one robbery is a


violent theft.

8.Aggravard burglary will be commited by the burglar wories any


firearm, immitation firearm, weapon of offence.

9.It is involves in several crimes obtaining property, obtaining an


overdraft, an insurance .................., an annuity contract, or the
opportunity to ............. remuneration or to win money betting,
obtaining any services, securing the remission if any legally
enforceable liability with intent to make permanent representation in
whole or in pat, obtaining an exemtion an abatement of liability to
pay for something.

10.Blackmail is commited by a person who, with a view to gain for


himself or another, with intent to cause less to another, makes any
unwarranted demanded with menances.

8.8/139

avoid prosecution= a se sustrsge de la raspunderea penala

arson= piromanie,incedniere voluntara

arsonist=incendiator, piroman

bribery=corupere, mita/to give, to accept a bribe=a da/a lua mita

embezzlement=delapidare

forgery= fals, falsificare, uz de fals

slander= a calomnia
smeggling=contrabanda

uttering=a fabrica/a emite/a pune in circulatie bani falsi

extorsion=extorcare, santaj

libel= inscris

pickpoketing= furt din buzunare

disenfranchisement=pierderea unor drepturi

8.9/139

Chapter one- Criminal Code

Crimes against the Person"s life.

Art.189- Homicide

(1)Murder commited under one of the following circumstances:

a) with malice afotethaght

b)material interest/financial gain

c) obtaining an exemption for himself or for another from criminal


liability or from serving a sentence to avoid presecution

d) to facilitate or to hide/ the commision of to concead another crime

e) by a person who previously commited mother murder or murder


attend

f) against two or more persons

g) against pregnant woman

h) by cruelty, cruel acts

Shall be punishable by life detention or imprisenmentor 15 to 25 year


and by disenfranhisment

(2) The attempt shall be punishable.


Art.192

(2)Manslaughter as a result/consequence of failure to observe the


legal disposition/provisions or the precocenary masures taken for the
exercice of a proffesion or trade or for carring out a certain to perform
or carry out an acivity= efectuarea unei anume activitati.

This activity shall be punishable no less than 2 and nio more than 7
years.

sope= domeniu

breach= a incalca

deviced = concepute

to give= a duce la, a cauza

trust= fiducie, incredere

PARLAMENTUL EUROPEAN

1.Parlamentul Eropean exercita, impreuna cu Consiliul functiile


legislativa si bugetara.Acesta exercita functia de control politic si
consulativ, in conformitate cu conditiile prevazute in tratate.

The European Parliament exercises, jointly with the Council, the


legislative and budgetary functions.It shall exercises the functions of
political control and consultation, in accordance with the conditions
regulated/provided for in the treates.

2.Parlamentul European este compus din reprezentantii cetatenilor


Uniunii.Numarul acestora nu poate depasi 750+
presedintele.Reprezentarea cetatenilor este asigurata in mod
proportional descrescator, cu un prag minim de 6 membri pentru
fiecare stat membru.

The European Parliament consits of the representatives of the Unions


citizens.They can not exceed in number 750+ the president.The
citizens reprezentations shall be degressivly proportional with a
minimum threshold of 6 members for each member state.
pag.117-b si c

b)The European Council shall defines the guidelines and the political
priorities of the Union.Within it reunites at last? 4 times per year the
political european leaders at the highest level/rank, more precisely the
heads of states or Government of the member states, the president of
the European Council, as well as the president of the European
Commision.The European Council identifies the general/common
subject witch the Council, namely ministers meeting/union will
aproach within each political filds European Council"s for wich
responsability.As a consegvence, the debats and decisions have an
esential role in the functioning of the Union.

c)The Council shall adopt decisions wich have directly consequences


on the citizen"s lifes, and also a considerable impact an
internationaly .The Council reunites the ministers of each Member
State.The composition of the Council and the frequency of his sessions
very depending the topics.The Council shall adopt legislative
acts(regulations, directions) mostly jointey with the European
Parlament.In most cases,the Council legislates on the grounds of the
proposals wich are presented by the European Commision.

_______________________________________________________________________
___________________

9.5/150

1.

2.Tortfeasar will be sued by the injured party to obtain damages.

3.The injured party has the right to rumedy? the damage.

4.Breaking some individual rights on those wich refers to property is


known under the name of tort.

5.Liability in tort usually imposes a dement of guilt from the tortfeasar.

6.The daimant shall prove the fact that the action or in some cases,
the omission was commited with intention or by neglijence.
7.To put back the claimant in th inital situaton, must be evaluated
valueof the damaged goods on the cost of the repairs.

8.Injuring a person doesn"t mean necessary committing a tort f


wasn"t break a legal right.

9.The fact that the employer is indirectly responsible for the


employees facts doesn"t affect the liability of a initial damage author.

10.If a person consents to endure the injury, he can not initiate an


action of damages.

9.6/150- Homework

1.How do you define a tort?

A tort is a wrongful act or omission for wich damages can be obtained


in a civil court by the person wronged, other than wrong that is only a
breach of contract.

2.Can tort be crimes too?

No.Crimes are offences, prosecuted and punished by the state and


torts are not punished.The injured party sues the tortfeasar in a civil
court to get an award in damages.

3.What is the differences between a tort and a breach of con.........?

The rights and duties ariving? and of a contract are mainly devises by
the .....................................? parties and in the case of tort, the rights
and duties are e by law.

4.Torts ar common-law wrongs, treats are governmed by equity.

5. As for vicarious liability, the rule is that aperson who autorizes the
commission of a tort, expressly or impliedly, by another , is liable in
damages as if he had commited the tort.

6.He is personally liable for the tort of neglijence by reason of


allacing? his child unresonable appart.....? of doing mischief.

7.English la divides the tort of defametien? in two categories: libel?


and slamder?

8.Muisance is an act or use of something that causes


inconvenience,disturbance or harm. There are two types of
muisance:private and public muisance.

9.Trespass is an unlawful intrusion that interfers with any person or


property.

10.The purpose of the award of damages is to put the claimant back


in his original position so far as many can do this.

11.The claimant may be entitled to a quic timet injunction restraining


conduct that likely to cause substantial damage before any damage
has actually been caused.

12.An interim injuntion refers to a provisional order wich may be


garanted pending a full trial of the action an the merits of the case.

10.4/157 - Homework

1.Property is the right of ownership, it refers to anything that can be


owned.

2.The law of property is the category of law dealing with property


rights in rem.

3.The distinction is usually made at two levels: betwen real property


and personal property.Another distinction is made betwen tangible
and intangible property.

4.In rem- involving or determining the status of a thing, and therefore


the rights of person with respect to that thing.

5.Realty- land and incorporeal here ditamens and personalty-the


propert wich does not comprise? land or incorporeal heredintaments.

6.Hereditament is from a historical perpectiveany real property that


can be inherited.

7.A case refers to tangible item capable of being actually possessed


and enjoyed; perosnal propety for wich title and possesion unite in the
same person.

8.Possession is a matter of fact and ownership stands for the legal


concept.

9.Ownership can be aquired originally derivatlly and by succession.

10.The transfer of property take place in two ways: inter vivos(aduring


the life of the transferor) and by succession upon death.

10.3.1.Possession is a matter fact whereas bunership is a matter of


law.Possession is the power of fat that a person exercises over a
corporeal and individualy -determined item of property.

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