Renewable Energy in SE Asia

Keiichi N. Ishihara
Graduate School of Energy Science,
Kyoto University

contents

Where is SE Asia?

Energy situation in ASEAN comparing to JPN

Characteristics of RE

Introduction of case studies

Summary

2

Classification of Asia

(East Asia)

(Southeast Asia)

(North Asia)

(South Asia)

(Middle Asia)

(West Asia)

3

Southeast Asia

http://blog.kotoba.littlestar.jp/?eid=1303894
4
ASEAN(10
1. (IDN)
2. (PHL)
3. (VNM)
4. (LAO)
5. (KHM)
6. (MYS)
7. (SGP)
8. (BRN)
9. (THA)
10. (MMR)
(TLS)
5
 ASEAN(2014)
Population of ASEAN

(IDN)
(PHL)
(VNM)
(THA)
(MMR)
(MYS)
(KHM)
(LAO)
(SGP)
(BRN)
Total
World
ASEAN/World
http://ecodb.net/ranking/group/XG/imf_lp.html

IMF - World Economic Outlook Databases (20154)

6
 ASEAN(2012)
Energy Consumption in ASEAN electrification

(ratio)
(JPN)
(IDN)
(THA)
(MYS)
(SGP)
(VNM)
(PHL)
(MMR)
(BRN)
(KHM)
(LAO)

A country consumes three times more than Japan.

In total, non-electrified population in ASEAN is 131million, equivalent to Japan.
http://www.dir.co.jp/consulting/asian_insight/20150604_009786.html
http://www.asiabiomass.jp/topics/1311_06.html 7

Definition of Renewable Energy

Energy can be regenerated on a human time scale.



Solar PV, solar thermal, wind, hydro, biomass, geothermal, tidal etc.

There is no unique definition for hydropower.

8


Large scale hydropower may not be renewable.

335,000kW

http://www.kurobe-dam.com/

Large dam has environmental issues.
9
 Electricity Mix in ASEAN and Japan
http://www.iea.org/statistics/statisticssearch/

Brunei Singapore Myanmar

(gas)
(hydro)
Thailand Malaysia Vietnam
coal
oil
gas
biofuels
waste
nuclear
hydro
geothermal
solarPV
wind

Japan Indonesia Philippines Cambodia

(geothermal)

(coal) (oil)

10

RE in national scale

mainly hydro and geothermal

solar
and wind will increase but limited
(Spain) 30(Germany) 25
2224 (2030)
target in Japan, 22-24%

11

Characteristics of RE

any place
any scale
unstable
costly (esp. initial)

12
RE may be suitable for small scale, micro grid

Advantages of Community Renewable Energy

electrification
stabilization of electricity
activation of community
stable income to sell electricity

13

Problems in Japan

100% electrification
no blackout

System Average Interruption Duration Index (min/y) 210 (JPN)

(SGP) (MYS) (THA) (IDN) (PHL) (VNM) (LAO) (KHM) (MMR)

14
http://www.meti.go.jp/meti_lib/report/2015fy/000687.pdf
 ASEAN
Problems in ASEAN

very low electricity price by subsidy

(SGP) (MYS) (THA) (IDN) (PHL) (VNM) (LAO) (KHM) (MMR)

15
http://www.meti.go.jp/meti_lib/report/2015fy/000687.pdf
 1
case study 1 (solar lantern)

(LAO)
4-6$/
price equivalence to kerosene

improving in-house environment
http://www.fpa2.com/details_projet.php?idprojet=314&lang=en

operation by community

http://www.sunlabob.com/

16
 case study 2 (biogas)

4m3 (VNM)

introducing in area
1
household size

cooking use 4m3 (VNM)
500m3 (THA)

operation by chicken farm
150
supplying gas to 150 households 500m3 (THA)

17
 3 Case study 3 (small hydro)

2.7MW (VNM)

no benefit to commune

existing stable grid
2.7MW (VNM)

37kW (THA)

community partially invested

contribution to stabilization
FIT
operation cost covers by FIT 37kW (THA)

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3
7

http://www.bth.se/fou/cuppsats.nsf/all/e9b34e63ecf6d54dc12577410071d41d/$file
http://cpagency.org.au/wp-
/MovingTowardsSustainableCommunityRenewableEnergy.pdf
content/uploads/2014/06/CPAgency_HowtoGuide2014-
web.pdf
19

Guidelines for developed countries

http://www.cec.org/Storage/88/8461_Guide_to_a_Developing_a_Re_
Project_en.pdf

http://www.clientearth.org/reports/community-power-
report-250614.pdf 20

Support Program for Establishing New Energy Vision in Japan

2008

(Clarification)
RE installation; where, by whom, what kind of energy,
how, for what purpose, by when

()

(Challenges)
Awareness, finance, effectiveness, technology, human
resources

21


Overview

Promotion of renewable energy and energy saving project through the establishment of vision

95 10

RE

ES

RE & ES

http://www.meti.go.jp/committee/notice/2010a/20100514002e.pdf
22
2010 abolition

Reason
We should consider Smart
Community to mitigate CO2 emission.

The established vision should be

utilized. Many local bodies are revising
the vision to realize.

23

RE planning flow in Japan

http://www.enecho.meti.go.jp/category/saving_and_new/saiene/renewable/business/index.html 24
 Summary

RE of the community, by the community, for the community

In order to realize
Resilient finance
Future planning
Human resource

25