TESTING TRANSFORMER DIFFERENTIAL

RELAYS

Nstor Casilla
Gaudioso de Guia
D bl E
Doble Engineering
i i CCompany
Doble International Protection Testing Users Group Conference
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TESTING TRANSFORMER DIFFERENTIAL
RELAYS

1. Introduction.
2. Protection Functions for Power Transformer.
3
3. Test Plan.
Plan

Doble International Protection Testing Users Group Conference

Austin TX Oct 13 14 2010
TESTING TRANSFORMER DIFFERENTIAL
RELAYS

1
1. Introduction.

For severall decades,

F d d th
the protection
t ti
relays of power system have undergone
many important changes.
changes

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TESTING TRANSFORMER DIFFERENTIAL
RELAYS

ELECTROMECHANICAL
RELAY ELECTRONIC RELAY

MICROPROCESSOR RELAYS

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TESTING TRANSFORMER DIFFERENTIAL
RELAYS

1 Introduction.
1. Introduction
A modern transformer protection and control
system has many features that reflect the trends
of integration, such as:

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TESTING TRANSFORMER DIFFERENTIAL
RELAYS

Differential Protection for two or three winding

transformer.
Second Harmonic Blocking.
Blocking
Fifth Harmonic Blocking .
Restricted Earth Fault Element.
Phase Overcurrent Protection.
Ground Overcurrent Protection.

Doble International Protection Testing Users Group Conference

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TESTING TRANSFORMER DIFFERENTIAL
RELAYS

Over/Under voltage Elements.

Frequency Elements.
Thermal Element.
Element
Events recorder.
Fault recorder
recorder.
Applications base on the IEC61850 standard.

Doble International Protection Testing Users Group Conference

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TESTING TRANSFORMER DIFFERENTIAL
RELAYS

The new protection features must be tested in

different system known conditions, which can
influence both its performance and safety.

Doble International Protection Testing Users Group Conference

Austin TX Oct 13 14 2010
2. Protection Functions for Power
Transformer.

2.1 Transformer Differential Protection.

It is the most important transformer protection
function.

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2.1 Transformer Differential Protection

Idiff = I1 + I2

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2.1 Transformer Differential Protection

The advantage g of microprocessor

p technology
gy is
that each manufacturer defines their own
algorithms, features and parameters to adjust
the differential function.

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2.1 Transformer Differential Protection

Setting:
1. Turn Point 1: Fixed
2 Turn
2. T Point
P i t22: Variable
V i bl
3. Slop 1: Variable
4. Slop 2: Fixed
ABB RET543 RELAY

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2.1 Transformer Differential Protection

SIEMENS 7UT51X RELAY

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2.1 Transformer Differential Protection

Iop= I1 + I2

Irst= (|I1 | + |I2 |)/k

SEL RELAY

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2.1 Transformer Differential Protection

BECKWITH RELAY

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 2.1 Transformer Differential Protection

Another p point to consider is the new option

p to filter
the zero sequence component of phase currents.

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2. Protection Functions for Power
Transformer.

2.2 Blocking Function

For harmonic blocking, the harmonic content of
the differential current must exceed the individual
threshold values
Second Harmonic for inrush conditions

Fifth Harmonic for overexcitation conditions.

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2. Protection Functions for Power
Transformer.

2.3 Restricted Earth Fault Element.

This element provides sensitive protection against
ground faults in wye-connected transformer
winding.
winding

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2. Protection Functions for Power
Transformer.

2.4 Phase and Ground Overcurrent Protection.

IED provides
id numerous overcurrentt elements
l t
per winding.
Ph
Phase, ground
d or negative
ti sequence
instantaneous/definite time elements are
available for single
single- or three
three-pole
pole feeder
protection, breaker failure protection,
transformer backup protection, etc.

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2. Protection Functions for Power
Transformer.

2.5 Transformer and CT connection

compensation
Transformer and CT connection compensation
adjusts the sets of three-phase
three phase currents for the
phase angle and phase interaction effects
introduced by the winding connection of the
transformer and CTs.

Doble International Protection Testing Users Group Conference

Austin TX Oct 13 14 2010
2. Protection Functions for Power
Transformer.
2.5 Transformer and CT connection compensation

Doble International Protection Testing Users Group Conference

Austin TX Oct 13 14 2010
2. Protection Functions for Power
Transformer.
2.5 Transformer and CT connection compensation

Doble International Protection Testing Users Group Conference

Austin TX Oct 13 14 2010
2. Protection Functions for Power
Transformer.
2.5 Transformer and CT connection compensation
ABC Rotation

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3. Test Plan

3.1 Steady State Test

- Pickup of differential, overcurrent,
overvoltage or undervoltage functions.
- Blocking functions
- Differential Characteristic
- Overcurrent Characteristic

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3. Test Plan

Test set connection

REL
I1
CT1
I2
CT2
I3
CT3
I4
CT4
I5
CT5
I6
CT6

TRIP

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3. Test Plan

Doble International Protection Testing Users Group Conference

Austin TX Oct 13 14 2010
3. Test Plan

Doble International Protection Testing Users Group Conference

Austin TX Oct 13 14 2010
3. Test Plan

Doble International Protection Testing Users Group Conference

Austin TX Oct 13 14 2010
3. Test Plan

Doble International Protection Testing Users Group Conference

Austin TX Oct 13 14 2010
3. Test Plan

Doble International Protection Testing Users Group Conference

Austin TX Oct 13 14 2010
3. Test Plan

Doble International Protection Testing Users Group Conference

Austin TX Oct 13 14 2010
3. Test Plan

Doble International Protection Testing Users Group Conference

Austin TX Oct 13 14 2010
3. Test Plan

Doble International Protection Testing Users Group Conference

Austin TX Oct 13 14 2010
3. Test Plan

Doble International Protection Testing Users Group Conference

Austin TX Oct 13 14 2010
3. Test Plan

Doble International Protection Testing Users Group Conference

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3. Test Plan

0.522 * sqrt(3)
q ( ) = 0.904

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3. Test Plan

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3. Test Plan
YY Transformer

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3. Test Plan

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3. Test Plan

Iop= I1 + I2

Irst= (|I1 | + |I2 |)/k

SEL RELAY

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3. Test Plan

Doble International Protection Testing Users Group Conference

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3. Test Plan

Doble International Protection Testing Users Group Conference

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3. Test Plan

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3. Test Plan
DABY Transformer
ABC Rotation

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3. Test Plan

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3. Test Plan

Doble International Protection Testing Users Group Conference

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3. Test Plan

Doble International Protection Testing Users Group Conference

Austin TX Oct 13 14 2010
3. Test Plan

Doble International Protection Testing Users Group Conference

Austin TX Oct 13 14 2010
3. Test Plan

Doble International Protection Testing Users Group Conference

Austin TX Oct 13 14 2010
3. Test Plan

Doble International Protection Testing Users Group Conference

Austin TX Oct 13 14 2010
 3. Test Plan

3.2 Dynamic Tests ( SSIMUL )

- 2nd and 5th Harmonic blocking function
p with 2nd and 5th Harmonic
- Trip
- Trip with 2nd Harmonic in one phase
- No operation with 5th harmonic in one phase
- External fault simulation
- Internal fault simulation

Doble International Protection Testing Users Group Conference

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3. Test Plan
3.2 Dynamic Tests ( SSIMUL )
Trip for 2nd Harmonic 3 Phase Test (PCT2 = 15%)

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3. Test Plan
3.2 Dynamic Tests ( SSIMUL )
Trip for 5th Harmonic 3 Phase Test (PCT5 = 35%)

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3. Test Plan
3.2 Dynamic Tests ( SSIMUL )
Internal Fault

Doble International Protection Testing Users Group Conference

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3. Test Plan
3.2 Dynamic Tests ( SSIMUL )
Internal Fault

Doble International Protection Testing Users Group Conference

Austin TX Oct 13 14 2010
3. Test Plan
3.2 Dynamic Tests ( SSIMUL )
External Fault

Doble International Protection Testing Users Group Conference

Austin TX Oct 13 14 2010
3. Test Plan
3.2 Dynamic Tests ( SSIMUL )
External Fault

Doble International Protection Testing Users Group Conference

Austin TX Oct 13 14 2010
 3. Test Plan

3.3 Transient Tests ( TRANS COMTRADE

Files )
- 2nd and 5th Harmonic blocking function
- Trip with 2ndd and 5thh Harmonic
- Trip with 2nd Harmonic in one phase
- No operation with 5th harmonic in one phase
- External fault simulation
- Internal fault simulation

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3. Test Plan
3.3 Transient Tests

2nd Harmonic - DATC

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3. Test Plan
3.3 Transient Tests

2nd Harmonic COMTRADE file

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3. Test Plan
3.3 Transient Tests

Internal Fault COMTRADE file

Differential
Sensibilization

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3. Test Plan
3.3 Transient Tests

Overexcitation COMTRADE file

Blocking
Enable

Differential
ff
Sensibilization

Doble International Protection Testing Users Group Conference

Austin TX Oct 13 14 2010
TESTING TRANSFORMER DIFFERENTIAL
RELAYS

Doble International Protection Testing Users Group Conference

Austin TX Oct 13 14 2010
TESTING TRANSFORMER DIFFERENTIAL
RELAYS

Doble International Protection Testing Users Group Conference

Austin TX Oct 13 14 2010