IDMT:

A power transformer feeds an 11 KV bus bar through a circuit breaker.

The bus bar feeds two outgoing feeders through two circuit breakers.
Current transformers housed in the transformer & the feeders circuit
breakers are assumed to have turns ratios of 1000/1 & 500/1
respectively. The earth relays on all circuit breakers have plug settings
of 20%, the time multiplier setting being 0.2 for the feeders. A single
phase to earth fault of 1000A occurs on one of the outgoing feeders.
Find the operating time of the feeder relay & suggest suitable time
multiplier, which could be adopted for the transformer relay in order to
ensure adequate discrimination.
Use the standard IDMT time current characteristics, attached.
Take a minimum grading margin of 0.3 seconds.

Solution:

Given that PMS (plug setting) = 20% = 0.2

TMS (for feeders) = 0.2

fault current 1000

= =10 A
CM = Current multiplier = CT ratioPMS 5000.2

From the graph when I (on x-axis) = 10 & TMS =0.2

Then operating time = 0.5 sec (for feeder)

Operating time for transformer = operating time for feeder + margin =

0.5+0.3=0.8 sec

fault current 1000

CM (for transformer)= CT ratioPMS = 10000.2 =5 A

With operating time = 0.8 & current 5 , from graph

TMS for transformer = 0.2

10 MVA transformer, feeds an 11 KV bus bar through a circuit breaker.

The bus bar feeds two outgoing feeders through other circuit breakers.
Current transformers housed in the transformer & the feeders circuit
breakers are assumed to have turns ratios of 525/1 & 325/1
respectively. The earth relays on all circuit breakers have plug settings
of 20%, the time multiplier setting being 0.2 for the feeders. A single
phase to earth fault of 404A occurs on one of the outgoing feeders.
Find the operating time of the feeder relay & suggest suitable time
 multiplier, which could be adopted for the transformer relay in order to
ensure adequate discrimination.
Use the standard IDMT time current characteristics (attached).
Take a minimum grading margin of 0.4 seconds.

Solution:

Given that PMS (plug setting) = 20% = 0.2

TMS (for feeders) = 0.2
fault current 404
= =6.2 A
CM = Current multiplier = CT ratioPMS 3250.2

From the graph when I (on x-axis) = 6.2 & TMS =0.2

Then operating time = 0.7 sec (for feeder)

Operating time for transformer = operating time for feeder + margin =
0.7+0.4=1.1 sec
fault current 404
CM (for transformer)= CT ratioPMS 5250.2 =3.85 A
=

With operating time = 1.1 & current 3.85 , from graph

TMS for transformer = 0.2

In the system shown below relays on all circuit breakers have plug
settings of 100%, the time multiplier setting being 0.1 for R3. Given
the 3-phase fault levels shown, determine suitable time multiplier
settings for relays R2 &R1.

Use the standard IDMT time current characteristics (attached).

Take a minimum grading margin of 0.4 seconds.

Solution (not sure !!):

PMS=100%=1

TMS = 0.1 for R3

 fault current 1100
= =22 A
CM= CT ratioPMS 501

Then from graph, operating time =0.22 sec

R2 operating time = R3 operating time + margin = 0.22+0.4=0.62 sec

2300
CM for R2 = 1001 =23 A

Then TMS of R2 from graph using time = 0.62 & current =23,, is 0.2

R1 operating time = 0.62 + 0.4 = 1.02

CM= 13000/400 = 32.5

TMS for R1= 0.4