FAR EASTERN UNIVERSITY MANILA

Phytochemical, Anti-oxidant, Antimicrobial, and Cytotoxicity

Property of Plerutos Djamor (Pink Oyster Mushroom)

A Thesis Proposal

Presented to the

Department of Medical Technology

Far Eastern University Manila

In Partial Fulfillment

Of the Requirements of the Degree

Bachelor of Science in Medical Technology

by

Aguilar, Bea Antoinette T.

Ali, Al-fayyed M.

Dalut, Angelie Mae P.

Gutierrez, Olive Nicole D.

Polog, Jham-Bashri M.

Ziganay, Yodelle F.

MAY 2017
FAR EASTERN UNIVERSITY MANILA PAGE 2

ABSTRACT

In this study, the Pleorutus djamor (pink oyster mushroom), an edible

mushroom, will be investigated for its phytochemical property, antimicrobial

activity

Keywords: (alphabetically arranged)

FAR EASTERN UNIVERSITY MANILA PAGE 3

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

ABSTRACT ii

1.0 INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 Background of the study 1

1.2 Statement of the Problem 4

1.3 Objectives of the Study 4

1.4 Significance of the Study 4

1.5 Scope and Limitations 6

1.6 Definition of Terms 7

2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW 2

2.1 Topic 1 2

2.1.1 Subtopic 1 2

2.1.2 Subtopic 2 2

2.2 Topic 2 2

2.3 Topic 3 2

2.4 Conceptual Framework 3

3.0 METHODOLOGY 4

3.1 Case Study Research Design (for example) 4

3.1.2 Selection/Subjects and Study Site 4

FAR EASTERN UNIVERSITY MANILA PAGE 4

3.1.3 Data Measure 4

3.1.4 Data Gathering Procedure 4

3.1.5 Ethical Consideration 5

3.1.6 Mode of Analysis 5

BIBLIOGRAPHY 6

Appendix I: Permit to Conduct the Interviews 7

Appendix II: Request for Pertinent Data 8

Appendix III: Informed Consent for Research Participants 9

Appendix IV: Informed Consent for Research Participation Recruited Concept

Mapping Participants 10

Appendix V: Survey Questionnaires 11

Appendix VI: The Interview Protocol 12

Appendix VII: The Interview Protocol for Tutors/Reviewers 13

Appendix VIII: The Interview Protocol 14

Appendix IX: Concept Mapping Instrument 15

Appendix X: Documentary Analysis 16

Appendix XI: Timetable for Research 17

Appendix XII: Budgetary Requirements 18

CURRICULUM VITAE 19
FAR EASTERN UNIVERSITY MANILA PAGE 5

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the study

Mushrooms are rare type of fungi. Since ancient times, mushrooms have

been attracting attention of mankind and represents one of the greatest origin of

nutritious foods and have been used as medicines in different part of the world

especially Asian countries. Wild edible mushrooms are valued not only for texture

and flavor but also for their chemical and nutritional features. In a much broader

sense, mushroom is an above-ground fruiting body that is a spore-producing

structure of a fungus, having a shaft and a cap.

Pleurotus is a genus of gilled mushrooms. Species of Pleurotus may be

called oyster, abalone, or tree mushrooms, and are cultivated worldwide,

especially in India, Europe and Africa, also in the Southeast Asian countries.

Temperate and tropical climatic conditions cultivates these mushrooms and can be

harvested all year round. Oyster mushrooms are the least expensive commercial

mushrooms and the easiest to grow. They are also popular for cooking because they

are a rich source of proteins, minerals and vitamins. Pink oyster mushroom is one

variety of oyster mushrooms. They also come in white, brown, golden, and blue

colors. Pink oysters as the primary focus of this study have a surprisingly short
FAR EASTERN UNIVERSITY MANILA PAGE 2

shelf life, and can disintegrate within 12 hours; they are vibrantly pink but may

start to whiten as they age. Its shape is the typical shelf-like shape of the Pleurotus

spp. The edges of the cap tend to curl with age. The mushroom often grows in

clusters or large bouquets. The underside of the mushroom has the deepest pink

color, as the spores are white. The mushroom can be quite thick and meaty or

delicate and thin, depending on growing condition.

Antioxidants counteract the effects of free radicals, but activity may be

restricted to specific antioxidants. Our physical structure is rich in antioxidants.

More or less of these substances are naturally occuring or even man-made These

protect us from creating free radicals, which are the by-product of oxygen. These

free radicals cause harm and toxic in our body, especially when excessive

The term phytochemicals refers to a broad diversity but is mainly utilized

those compund that may bear upon human health. Phytochemicals are found in

plant-based foods such as fruits, vegetables, beans and grains. Scientists have

identified thousands of phytochemicals, although only a small fraction have been

studied closely. Some of the more well known phytochemicals include beta

carotene and other carotenoids, folic acid, ascorbic acid and vitamin E.

An antimicrobial is an agent that kills or inhibits the growth of

microorganisms. Antimicrobial medicines can be grouped according to the

microorganisms they act primarily against antibiotics against bacteria, antifungal

against fungi, antiprotozoal against protozoa and antiviral against viruses. Also,

they can be classified according to their function. Agents that kill microbes are

called microbicidal, while those that merely inhibit their growth are called biostatic.
FAR EASTERN UNIVERSITY MANILA PAGE 3

Cytotoxicity refers to the ability of certain chemicals or mediator cells to

destroy living cells. By using a cytotoxic compounds, variety of cell fates would

result. They can either undergo cell necrosis, which is an accidental cell death or

apoptosis, a genetic program of controlled cell death. The ability to accurately

measure cytotoxicity can prove to be a very valuable tool in identifying compounds

that might pose certain health risks in humans.

P. djamor, commonly known as pink oyster mushroom is the focus of this

study because it is edible and therefore does not cause infectious nor harmful

effects to the environment and to the researchers. Since P. djamor is not commonly

studied, additional informations that are yet to be discovered can be derived from

this research. Additionally, since the research will be undertaken from_____ to

_____ it is beneficial that the said mushroom is readily available and is not

seasonal. Cultivation of P. djamor only takes 1 week so the availability will not

be a problem. There are also farms that can supply the P djamor during the course

of conducting the experiment and this ensures the continuity of the research study.
FAR EASTERN UNIVERSITY MANILA PAGE 4

1.2 Statement of the Problem

1.2.1 How does Pleurotus djamor (Pink oyster mushroom) acts as anti-oxidant

towards the individual?

1.2.2 How does P. djamor (Pink oyster mushroom) acts as an antimicrobial agent

against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli?

1.2.3 What are the clinical significance of P. djamor (Pink oyster mushroom) in

todays generation?

1.2.4 What are the phyotchemical, antimicrobial, anti-oxidant amd cytotoxic

properties present in P. djamor (Pink oyster mushroom)?

1.2.5 At what dosage does P. djamor (Pink oyster mushroom) exhibit toxicity as

observed in the brine shrimp assay?

1.3 Objectives of the Study

1.3.1 To determine the phytochemical and cytotoxicity properties of Pleurotus

djamor and to identify its radical scavenging capacity.

1.3.2 To determine the antimicrobial property of P. djamor againt Staphylococcus

aureus, a gram positive bacteria and Escherechia coli, a gram negative bacteria.

1.3.3

1.3.4

Add objectives

1.4 Significance of the Study

FAR EASTERN UNIVERSITY MANILA PAGE 5

The reasearchers truly believed that the following will benefit from this

research.

To the Filipino community. Mushrooms are known by many as having its

therapeutic effects. By the help of this research, the society will become enlighten

about the possible benefits they could gain from their consumption of edible fungi

especially the Pleurotus djamor or also known as the pink oyster mushroom

specially regarding with its antimicrobial, anti-oxidant and cytotoxicity property of

the said specie of mushroom. This researh could confirm if the pink oyster

mushroom really posseses the said beneficial properties.

To the Medical Technology Community. This study will benefit the

medical technology community by providing information about the phytochemical,

antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity of P. djamor . This will also

determine whether P. djamor can be an alternative source of antimicrobial and

antioxidant other than the commercially available products by discovering the

phytochemicals present on the extract of P. djamor. Furthermore, it also provide

information on the right dosage which is beneficial to the medical technology

society by providing guidance in using the extract of P. djamor . Since this study

covers the identification and investigation of phytochemical, antioxidant,

antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity of P. djamor, once proven, it can lessen the

number of reagents needed to test for the said properties thus making the workload

of medical technologist lighter.

To the students. This study will benefit the students and the filipino youth

to share the knowledge about the beneficial characteristics of the edible pink oyster
FAR EASTERN UNIVERSITY MANILA PAGE 6

mushroom (Pleurotus djamor) to atleast use their antimicrobial benefits for

consumption and a possible alternative source of antioxidants and also to prevent

toxicity and harmful effects to the human.

To the future researchers. This research about (insert title) can be

beneficial to present or future researchers as a guide or starting point for

investigating the related topics. Furthermore, the outcome can aid in the

formulation of another topic, using this research as a basis and so it may further

improve the information offered by this study and may participate in the

advancement of information.

1.5 Scope and Limitations

This study would like to elaborate the phytohemcial, antimicrobial, anti-

oxidant and cytotoxicity property of Pleurotus djamor or pink oyster mushroom.

The experimentation of this research will be conducted starting from the month of

June and expected to be done on October 2017, and the extraction of the specimen

which will be held in the laboratory of room 507, Science Building, Far Eastern

University, Manila. To determine the phytochemical activity of the mushroom, the

experiment will be done in (insert laboratory). Part of the research is to identify the

capability of pink oyster mushroom extract to kill bacteria specifically

Staphyloccus aureus, a gram positive bacteria, and Escherichia coli, a gram

negative bacteria. Revise and specific (methods, assays, phytochem grps, kind

of cyto assay)
FAR EASTERN UNIVERSITY MANILA PAGE 7

1.6 Definition of Terms

Phytochemicals are non-nutritive plant chemicals that have protective or disease

preventive properties. They are non-essential nutrient, meaning that they are not

required by the human body for sustaining life.

Antimicrobial is any agent that kills or inhibits the growth of microorganisms but

causes little or no damage to the host. They may be substance of natural,

semisynthetic or synthetic origin.

Anti-oxidant are man-made or natural substances that may prevent or delay some

types of cell damage caused by oxidants or free radicals.

Cytotoxicity is the quality of being toxic to cells. Cells exposed to a cytotoxic

compound can respond in a number of ways like cell necrosis.

CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVIEW

This chapter includes all types of materials reviewed, conceptual literature

which came from books. Related studies both local and foreign consisting mainly

of peer reviewed journals. Your aim is to show how the present study relates to the

existing knowledge and previous studies in terms of both similarities and

differences.
FAR EASTERN UNIVERSITY MANILA PAGE 8

2.1 Topic 1

2.1.1 Subtopic 1

2.1.2 Subtopic 2

2.2 Topic 2

2.3 Topic 3

2.4 Conceptual Framework

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

CHAPTER 3

METHODOLOGY

This chapter must include details of your experimental methodology. Points

to highlight includes: Description of the following; (1) research design, (2) study

site, (3) selection of samples, (4) data/outcome measures , data collection

FAR EASTERN UNIVERSITY MANILA PAGE 9

procedure, (5) ethical consideration and (6) data/mode of analysis; and Must be

strongly supported by the appendices that contain the instruments or corpus of data

to be used. The example shown in the Table of Contents is for a Case study AND

Descriptive-Correlational designs. If there is only one method to be used, a sample

entry with sub-sections can be;

3.1 Case Study Research Design (for example)

3.1.1 Meaning

3.1.2 Selection/Subjects and Study Site

3.1.3 Data Measure

3.1.4 Data Gathering Procedure

3.1.5 Ethical Consideration

3.1.6 Mode of Analysis

FAR EASTERN UNIVERSITY MANILA PAGE 10

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Arrange all literature actually cited in chapters 1 to 3, arrange them

ALPHABETICALLY (NOT NUMBERED)and strictly use APA style entries.

Sample entries for books, journals, book edition and internet source are shown

below in that order;

Baxter, C. (1997). Race Equality in Health Care and Education. Philadelphia:

Ballire Tindall.

Gaudio, J. L., & Snowdon, C. T. (2008). Spatial Cues More Salient Than Color

Cues in Cotton-Top Tamarins (Saguinus oedipus) reversal learning. Journal of

Comparative Psychology, 122, 441-444. doi:10.1037/0735-7036.122.4.441

Hyde, J. S.,& Delamater, J. (2008). Human Sexuality (10th ed.) New York:

McGraw-Hill.

Research Initiatives. (n.d.). Retrieved January 11, 2007, from MIT, Comparative

Media Studies website, http://cms.mit.edu/research/index.php

FAR EASTERN UNIVERSITY MANILA PAGE 11

Appendix I: Permit to Conduct the Interviews

FAR EASTERN UNIVERSITY MANILA PAGE 12

Appendix II: Request for Pertinent Data

FAR EASTERN UNIVERSITY MANILA PAGE 13

Appendix III: Informed Consent for Research Participants

FAR EASTERN UNIVERSITY MANILA PAGE 14

Appendix IV: Informed Consent for Research Participation Recruited Concept

Mapping Participants
FAR EASTERN UNIVERSITY MANILA PAGE 15

Appendix V: Survey Questionnaires

FAR EASTERN UNIVERSITY MANILA PAGE 16

Appendix VI: The Interview Protocol

FAR EASTERN UNIVERSITY MANILA PAGE 17

Appendix VII: The Interview Protocol for Tutors/Reviewers

FAR EASTERN UNIVERSITY MANILA PAGE 18

Appendix VIII: The Interview Protocol

FAR EASTERN UNIVERSITY MANILA PAGE 19

Appendix IX: Concept Mapping Instrument

FAR EASTERN UNIVERSITY MANILA PAGE 20

Appendix X: Documentary Analysis

FAR EASTERN UNIVERSITY MANILA PAGE 21

Appendix XI: Timetable for Research

Research Objectives 2010 2011

Ju Ju Au Sep Oc No De Ja Fe Ma Ap May
n l g t t v c n b r r
1. Writing of Proposal
2. Collection of Algal
Materials
3. Fractionation of
Polysaccharides
4. Collection of Blood
and
Isolation of PBMCs
5. Cell Viability Assay
6. ELISA Assay for
Cytokines
7. MRNA extraction
8. Chemopreventive
assays
9. Data
Collation/Analysis
10. Colloquium/Defense
FAR EASTERN UNIVERSITY MANILA PAGE 22

Appendix XII: Budgetary Requirements

SOURCES OF EXPENSES Quantity Amount

(Php)
Collection .

Isolation of .

Tissue Culture Reagents

Total
FAR EASTERN UNIVERSITY MANILA PAGE 23

CURRICULUM VITAE

Insert
your
2x2
picture
here