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PROBLEMA:
Determinar el esfuerzo de flexin en las fibras extremas de la viga mostrada
en la figura adjunta. Despreciar el peso de la viga
P1
q2
200
C
40
30
160
A B 50
M1
3m 2m 120
SOLUCIN
MC
a. Esfuerzo de flexin en la viga utilizando la ec (8.1): G = I (1)
a.1.1. Clculo de x
Por semejanza de tringulos
AA 0 OCC
1113.33 86.67 A O C B
X = 3 X
-866.67 C
1113.33 (3-x) = 86.67x -466.67
3339.98 = (86.67+1113.33)x
3339.98 = 1199.97x1200x 2
-866.67
X= 2.7833167 1539.99
1 3
Mmax = 2 (2.7833167)1113.33
y
Ay
utilizamos la ecuacin : C = = (2)
A
200m
m
40 3
d3 110.9574mm
top
30
160 d2 110.9574mm
2 bct
d1
50 1
120
BLOQUE 4 2 d (mm) 2 4
Io (m m A (m m a d mm
1 1 120x50 139.0426-25 78034,287.6
12 (120) = 6000 = 114.0426 9
3
50
= 1250,000
2 1 30x160 139.0426- 392,489.35
12 (30) = 4800 (80+50)
= 9.0426
1603
= 10240,000
3 1 200x40 110.9574-20 66185,988.9
12 (200) = 8000 = 90.9574 2
3
40
= 1250,000
Io 12556,666.67 A d2 144612,765.
96
2
I = Io + A d = 12556,666.67 + 144612,765.96
4 1 m4
I = 157169,432.63 m m x 12
10 mm
4
6 4
I = 157,1694x 10 m
PAGINA 2
PROBLEMA:
Determinar el esfuerzo de flexin en las fibras extremas de la viga mostrada
en la figura adjunta. Despreciar el peso de la viga.
wr P1
q2
200
C
40
30
160
A B 50
M1
3m 2m 120
x 3-
x
A
SOLUCIN
a. Esfuerzo de flexin en la viga
A O C B
C
-866.67
-466.67
2
A 2
C1539.99
1289.99 3
B-866.67
MC
utilizando la ec (8.1): G = I (1)
a.1.1. Clculo de x
Por semejanza de tringulos
AA 0 OCC
1113.33 86.67
X = 3 X
2
Entonces : M = 1113.33 (2.7833167) 200 (2.7833167
M = 1549.382 KN.m
3
1549.38 x 10 N . m x 139,0426 mm
1m
G1 = 157.1694 x = 1370.685 M
Pa
6 10 3 mm
10
3
1549.38 x 10 N . m x 0.1109574 m
G1 = 157.1694 4 = 1093.821 M
Pa
m
106
Pagina 3
PROBLEMA
Dibujar los diagramas de fuerza cortante y momento flector de la viga
mostrada en la figura adjunta. Despreciar el peso de la viga.
Datos W = 100 KN/m, P = 50 KN
MD = 50 KN
w D
q2
B
AX A C D
MD By
AY
2m 1m 1m
150
SOLUCIN
a. Clculo de las reacciones C D
A B
-100
MA =O + X
By = 100 KN
DMF
Fy =0+
112.50
Ay + By 100 x2-50 = 0
Ay = 250 100 = 150 KN 100
100
b. Mtodo de secciones
50
150 50
x = 2x
6-3x = x
X = 1.5m
Ay a
V+W
X1
M +W X 1 2 (X ) 1
- Ay
X1 =
x1 V = 150 100
0
Si
X 1 = 0 V = 150 X 1 -50 X 1
M = 150
X 1 = 2 V = 150 X 1 = 0; M = 0
Si
100 (2)
V = -50 KN X 1 = 2; M = 150 (2)
50 ( 2 )2
M = 100 KN.m
w a
b
Fy =0+ Mh =0 +
M
V + 2W- Ay = 0 ( X 2 1 ) X2
M +2W - Ay
V = 150 200 = -50
Ay a b
Si
X 2 = 2 ; V = -50 = 0
z X 2 -200 ( X 2 -
x1 KN M = 150
CD X 2 = 3 ; V = -50 1)
2 X 2 , 3 Si
X 2 = 2; M = 150 (2)
KN
200 (2-1)
M = 100 KN.m
Si
X2 = 3
w P Fy =0+ Mc =0 +
c M
V + 2W+ P- Ay = 0 ( X 3 1 )
M +2W + P
V = Ay- 2W P
MD
Ay V= 150-200-50 =
z 1
c ( X 3 3 )
-100 kn
Si
X 3 = 3 ; V = -100 X3 ) = 0
x3 - M - Ay (
KN X 3 +50-200
X 3 = 4 ; V = -100 M = 150
CD ( X 3 1 )
3 X3, 4 KN
-50 ( X 3 3 )
Si
X3 = 3
M =(150)3+50-200 (3-1)
-50 (3-3) = 100 KN.m
Si
X3 = 4 ; M =
150x4+50
-200x3-50x1 =0
TRAMO dv dm
FUERZA CORTANTE : MOMENTO FLECTOR : =-
=- wdx vdx
c c
C 1 1
VC = VA = -100X2 MC MA = 2 (1.5)150- 2 (0.5)
AC VC = VA -100x2 Pero : VA =
150 50
VC = 150- 200 = -50 KN MC MA = 100
Pero : MA = 0
MC = 100 KN.m
d d
yD D
VD VC = 0 ; Pero VC = -50 KN MD MC = -50X1 = -50
CD VD = VC Pero: MC = 100 KN.m
VD = VC = -50 KN MD = -50 + 100 = 50 KN.m
Pero en D acta P En D acta MD =50
Entonces : VD = -50 50 M nd = 50 + 50 = 100 KN.M
VD = -100 KN
B B
DB DyB B
VB VD = 0 MB MD = -100x1 = -100
Pero VD = -100 KN Pero: MD = 100 KN.m
UB = VD = -100 KN MB = -100+ MD= -100+100 = 0
PROBLEMA
Dibujar los diagramas de la fuerza cortante y del momento flector para la
viga de la figura adjunta. Despreciar el peso de la viga.
SOLUCIN
1. Clculo de las reacciones
Ma =0 +
By (12) 100 (6)9- 100KN/ 300KN
1
2 (6) 200 [ 1
3
(6 )6 ] m
300x18 = 0 C B D
z
ZBy = 100x9+100x8x3003x
By =1300 KN
Ay 6m 6m 6m
Fy =0+
DF
C
1
Ay + By 100x6- 2 (6) 200
-300 = 0 20 20
Ay = 600+600+300-1300
0 0
Ay = 200 KN
Mtodo de Secciones
X 1 = 6; M = 200x6
M = 120 KN.m
30 w b
0
M
CB
6 X 1 12 b
Ay b
x2
Si X = 12 ; 100 = ( 100
3 ) 12+d
100
Luego w = 3 x +500
w1 P1 q2
200mm
1
C 40
2 110.9574mm
30
160 EN
139.0426mm
50
A B
M1 5
120
3m 2m
Solucin
VQ
utilizamos la ecuacin 9.1 Z = IT (1) V
V = 1.2834 [ 1113.33
2.7834 ] = 513.3462 KN
a.1.2 Mtodo 2
Si
X 1 = 1.5 , V= 1113.33-400 (1.5) = 513.33
200
KN
a.2 Clculo de T: L
40
2
a.2.1. En el punto 1: 110.9574
y2
Datos: V = 513.33 KN EN
I = 1571694x10 m4
T = 200mm
Clculo de Q:
Q = A. y = (6xh) y
Q= (200x0) 110.9574 = O
513.33 x 0
Reemp. Valores en (1):t =
157.1694 x 200 =0
106
a.2.2. En el Punto 2
6 4
Datos: V = 513.33 KN , I = 157.1694x 10 m ; t = 200mm , 30mm
y 2 = 90.9574mm
Entonces:
Q2 = (200X40) 90.9574
Q2 = 727,659.2 m m3
3 3
2 513.33 x 10 N x 727.659 .2 mm
= 157.1694 m
4 6
10 mm
2
= 79.22 M
Pa
t x 30 mm x
106 1 m2
200
a.2.3. En el punto 3
1
Aplicando la ecuacin (1): 40
2
6 4 30 110.9574
V: 513.33 KN I = 157.1694X 10110.9574
m y2
Datos:
Y3
T: 30mm EN
b3
Clculo de Q:
Q = (30x70.9574) x y 3 + (200x40) x
y 2
70.9574
Pero :
y 3 = = 35.4787 mm
2
y 2 = 110.9574-20 = 90.9574 mm
t3 = 157.1694 m
4 6
10 m m
2
= 87.442 M
Pa
6
x 30 mm x 2
10 1m
6 4 5
V = 513.33 KN ; I = 157,1694. 10 m
12
Datos :
0
T = 30mm , 120 mm
Clculo de Q
Q = (120x50).
y 4
Pero =
y 4 = 139.0426-25 = 114.0426mm
Q = (120x50)x114.0426
3
Q = 684225.6m m
513.33 x 10 3 N x 684.255 .6 m m3
t4 = 157.1694 m4 106 mm2 = 74.495 M
Pa
x 30 mm x
106 1 m2
3 3
513.33 x 10 N x 684.255 .6 m m
t4 = 157.1694 m4 10 6 m m2 = 18.624 M
Pa
x 120 mm x
106 1 m2
a.2.5. En el Punto 5
Clculo de Q :
Q = (bxh)x
y 5 donde b = 120mm ; h = 0 ;
y 5 = 139.0426mm
Q = (120x0)x139.0426 = 0
513.33 x 103 N x 0
=0
t5 = 157.1694 m4
x 120 mm
106
PAGINA 5
PROBLEMA
Dibujar los diagramas de fuerza constante y momento flector de la viga
KN/m ;
P1 = 400KN; M 1 = 300 KN.m, Q 2 = 0 a 400 KN.m
SOLUCIN
w1 P1 q2
C B
M1
Ay
3m 2m
DFC
x 3-
x
A
-466.67
a. Clculo de las reacciones
MA =0 + O C
A B
C
1 -866.67
1539.99
[ 2
3
(2 )+3 ] =0 2 1289.99
-866.67
By = 866.67 Kn C B
A
Fy =0 +
1
Ay +By -400(3) 400 - 2 (2) 400 = 0
Ay + By = 1200+400+400 = 2000
Ay = 2000-866.67 = 1113.33 KN
C. Clculo del Mmax
1113.33 86.67
X = 3 X
3339.88 = 1199.97 X
X = 2.7834m
1
El Mmax: = 2 (2.7834) 1113.33
Ay x1
v
V+ Ay = 0
W 1 X1
M +
W 1 X1 ( X2 ) 1
- Ay
X1
V = Ay - = 1113.33 - 400
=0
X1 X 12
M = Ay
X1 - W1 =
2
AC
0 Si
X1 = 0 , V = 1113.33 KN 2
X1 X1
X1 3 X1
1113.33 -200
= 3 , V = 1113.33 -400 (3)
V= 86.67 KN Si
X1 =0;M=0
( 3 )2
M = 1539.99 KN.m
CB
3 X2 5 w1
P1 b Fy =0+
Mb =0+
1 W1 X2 P1
V+
W1 (3)+
P1 + (
X2 M + 3 ( -1.5)+ (
M1 v 2
1
Ay -3)qx-Ay = 0 X2 -3)+
M1 + (
X2 -
3 2
1
x2 V = 1113.33-3(400)-400 - 2 ( 3)x
40
0 200(
X2 -3)
X2 -3)
9x
x2-3
Z
qx = 400
(x2-3) 2
qx =2000(x2-3)
50
B
A
20
X2
200 ( -3)
[ 1
( X 3 )
3 2 ] -Ay
X2 =0
C
2
V =1113.33-1600-100 ( X 2 3 )
M = Ay
X2 -1200(
X2 -1.5)-400
Si
X2 =3 , V = 1113.33 1600
20
V = 486.67 KN
( X 2 3 ) -300
-
Si
X2 =5 , V = 1113.33 1600-100 100
( X 23 )2
3
( 53 )2
EN
V = 1113.33-1600-400
X2
D
Si
X2 = 5 ; M = 1113.33 (5) -1200
(3.5) -400(2)
100
-300 -
( 53 )3
3
2
M=0
PAGINA 6
40mm
120m 8kN
8kN
A A m
SOLUCIN:
Donde: P = 8 KN (Tensin)
y
Ay
Utilizamos la ecuacin: = 20
A 2 d2 23.33
40mm
( 20 x 40 ) 20+ ( 50 x 20 ) 50 66000 EN
y1 = =
d1
20 x 40+50 x 20 1800 36.67
y 1 = 36.67 mm 1
20
y 2 = 60-36.67 = 23.33mm
2 1 3
Utilizamos las ecuaciones: I = Io + A d y Io = 12 b h
BLOQUE 4 2 d (mm) 2
Io ( mm A ( mm a d (
mm4
1 20x40 36.67-20 = 214,381.52
12 (20) = 800 16.37
1
403
= 106,666.67
1 50x20 23.33-10 = 177,688.9
12 (50) = 1000 13.33
2 3
20
= 33,333.33
Io
140,000 A = A d2 392,070.42
1800
4
I = 140,000+392,070.42 = 532,070.42 mm
4 1 m4 8 4
I = 532,070.42 mm X 10 12 mm4 = 53.207x 10 m
a.3. En la Seccin AA
ZFy = 0 + P+8=0
P = 8 KN
M 8kn
P
M CG =0 + M=
Pe =0
23.58 120mm
M=
Pe (2)
Donde P = 8KN
e = 120+23.53 = 143.53mm
M = 8KN x 143.53mm
M = 1148.24 KN.mm
[ ]
1148.24 x 10 3 N . mmx 23.53 mm 1 m2
x
53.207 m4 10 6 mm 2
108
G2 = 4.44 M Pa + 78.69 M
Pa
G2 = 81.13 M Pa
PROBLEMA N 10.2: Un voladizo tiene el perfil indicado en la figura 10.2 y ha
de servir de soporte a los cojines de unas grandes poleas montadas sobre
un eje. La accin del eje es una fuerza de 240 KN dirigida como se indica en
la figura dada. Determinar los esfuerzos en los puntos A y B del
empotramiento y localizar la variacin del eje neutro.
P
Py
3
120mm 4
A
y 150 Px
50
2 d
d2 96.43
EN
d1 Px Px
200 M
153.57
1
B 600mm
40
SOLUCIN:
P MC
Utilizamos la ecuacin 10.1 G = (1)
A I
Ay
Utilizamos la siguiente relacin : c = y =
A
'
( 40 X 200 ) 100+ (120 X 50 ) 225 2 150,000
Y1 = = = 153.57mm =
40 X 200+ 120 X 50 14,000
0.15357m
1
Utilizamos la relacin : I = Io + A d 2 ; Io = h3
12 b
BLOQUE 4 2 d (mm) 2
Io ( mm A ( mm a d (
mm4
1 40X200 153.57-100 8000X.53.
12 (40) = 8000 = 53.57 2
57
1 2003 =
22957,959.2
=
26666,666.6
7
1 120X50 96.43-25 6000x71.
12 (120) = 6000 =71.43 2
43
2
503 =30613,469.
4
= 1250,000
Io
27916,666.6 A = A d2 53571,428.6
7
14,000
4
I = 27916,666.67 + 53571,428.6 = 81488,095.27 mm
4 1 m4 6 4
I = 81488,095.27 mm x 12
10 mm
4 = 81.488x 10 m
a.3. Clculo de
Px y
Py
Px
Cos = P
Px = PCos = 240 ( 45 )=192 KN
Py
Sen = P
Py = PSen = 240 ( 35 )=144 KN
a.4. Clculo del esfuerzo axial:
Px
6 2
Px 192 x 103 N 10 mm
Gx =
Pa
A = 14000 = 1m
2 = 13.74
a.5. Clculo del Mmax:
A Py
ME
Por equilibrio
Fy =0+ =0+ Re Py = 0
Re = Py = 144 KN RE
B M
M AB =0 +
M E + M Py (600) = 0 600mm
Clculo de M:
M=
Px .d (ver la Fe 10.2)
DMF
ME= 39085.44 KN.mm 39,085
3
47.31456 x 10 N . m x 0.15357 m
G1 = 81.488 m
4
= 89.156 M
Pa
10 6
GA = 13.7+55.99 = 69.69 M
Pa
GB = 13.7+89.156 = 75.456 M
Pa
P MC
Utilizamos la ec (10.1): G = A + I
47.31456 x 103 xy Pa Pa
81.488 M = 13.7 M +
= =
13.7 x 81.488
Y= 47.31456 x 10
3 = 0.02358m
x
flexin
Pagina 8 10MP
40MP
a
PROBLEMA: a
a
d
v
Para el estado de esfuerzo plano de la 5MPa
y grficamente: b c
SOLUCIN:
1. ANALTICAMENTE
Datos :
Gx = 50 M Pa , G y = 10 M Pa t = -40 M
Pa Sah
2(40) 80 4
Tg
2 n = = =-
50(10) 60 3
2 n = arc tg ( 45 ) = 53.13
n = 26.570
max
Utilizamos la ec (11.4): G min = ( Gx +G y
2 )
( Gx G y 2 2
2 ) +t
(2)
(
2
max 50+ (10 )
G min = ( 2 ) 50(10 )
2 )
+ (40 )2
max
G min = 20 50 ; De donde Gmax = 20+50 = 70 M
Pa
Utilizamos la ec (11.6):
t max =
( Gx G y 2 2
2
+t ) (3)
Pa
G x+ G y
Esfuerzo normal, utilizamos la ecuacin (11.7) :
Gmedio = 2
(4)
50+(10)
G medio = = 20 M
Pa
2
G x G y
La direccin, utilizamos la ec (11.5) : Tg
2 t = (5)
2
50(10) 60
Tg
2 t = =- = 0.75
2(40) 80
1.d.1. Clculo de
Gn
Gx +G y Gx G y
Utilizamos la ec. (11.1) :
Gn = ( 2 ) + ( 2 ) Cos2
-tSen2 (6)
Donde :
Gx = 50 M
Pa ,
Gy = 10 M
Pa , t =
tv = -40 M
Pa , = 50
Gn = [ 50+(10)
2
+ ][
50(10)
2 ] Cos (2x50) (-40) Sen (2x50)
Gn = 20- 5.209+39.392 = 54.183 M
Pa (tensin)
1.d.2. Clculo de
Gt , :
Gt =
50+(10)
2 + [ 50(10)
2 ] Cos 280 (-40) Sen 280
Gt = 20+5.209-39.392 = -14.183 M
Pa (compresin)
1.d.3. Clculo de T.
(7)
T= ( 50(10)
2 ) Sen 10+(40 ) cos 100
T = 29.544+6.946 = 36.49 M
Pa
Tmax=
Tmax
Tmin 70MPa
Tmin=
Gn Tmax
30MPa
45
Ty
26.57
Tx
T Tx
D
Tn
(-10,-40)H
n
Tn
Vx-Vy
2
ComP A 46.87 F B
H O 100
46.87 2= 53-13 G Tens
C
V(50,40)
E
CCW(+)
VF
Tg2 = (1) Donde : VF = 40 M
Pa
CF
G x G y 50(10)
CF = 2 = 2 = 30
40
Tg2 = 30
2 = arc tg ( 43 ) =53.13
G x +G y 50+(10)
Donde OC = = = 20 M
Pa
2 2
CB = CV = 302+ 402 = 50 M
Pa
Gmax = 20+50 = 70 M
Pa
Donde: AC = R = CV = 50 M
Pa
OC = 20 M
Pa
Gmin = 50-20 = 30 M
Pa
Gmax = CD = CE = R = CV = 50 M
Pa
G x +G y
Tmed = OC= = 20 M
Pa
2
2.d. Los componentes del elemento rotado 50 en sah: Gn, Gt, Tnt
Tn= OG = OC + CG (4)
Donde : OC = 20 M
Pa
CG
Clculo de CG = Cos2 = CN = CG = Cn Cos 2 n
CG = 50Cos 46.87
CG = 34.183 M
Pa
CN = R
Tn = 20+34.183 = 54.183 M
Pa (lado derecho, tensin)
Gt = OH = HC OC (5)
Donde : OC = 20 M
Pa
HC HC
Clculo de HC = Cos2 L = CT = R
HC = RCos2 t = 50Cos46.87
HC = 34.183 M
Pa
Gt = 34.183-20 = 14.183 M
Pa (lado izquierdo, compresin)
Tnt = NG
NG NG
En el crculo de mohr : Sen nt = CN = R
Pagina 9
PROBLEMA N 2
c
20MPa
b c
a.Los planos principales
b. Los esfuerzos principales
c.El esfuerzo cortante mximo y su
esfuerzo normal correspondiente
d. Los componentes del esfuerzo
ejercidas sobre el elemento dado 40
en sah
Solucin:
1.0 Analticamente
1.a. Los planos principales
2t
Utilizamos la ecuacin (11.3) : Tg2 n = (1)
G x G y
Datos :
Gx = 40 M
Pa ,
Gy = 30 M
Pa , tv = 20 M
Pa
2
n = 75.964 ;
2 y = 180+2
n
2 y = 180+75.964
y = 127.982
1.b. Los esfuerzos principales.
( Gx G y 2 2
2
+t ) (2)
Gmax,min = ( 40+30
2 ) (
4030 2
2 )
+202 = 35 20.616
40+30
Gn = = 35 M
Pa
2
G x G y
La direccin utilizamos la ec. (11.4) Tg
2 t =- (4)
2t
4030 10
Tg
2 t = = -
2(20) 40 = -0.25
2 t = - 14.036
t = - 7.02
Tsen 2 ( 5 )
Datos : Gx = 40 M
Pa , Gy = 30 M
Pa , t = tv = 20 M
Pa ; =
40
Gn = ( 40+30 4030
2 ) + ( 2 ) Cos(2.40)-20Sen(2x40)
GL = ( 40+30
2 ) + ( 4030
2 ) Cos260 -20Sen260
Gt = 35-0.868+19.696 = 53.828 M
Pa
Datos : 2 = 80 , t = tv = 20 M
Pa
Tnt = ( 4030
2 ) Sen80+20cos80
2.0Grficamente
VF
Tg 2 = (1) Donde VF = t = +20 M
Pa
CF
G x G y 4030
CF = = 5M
Pa
2 2
20
Tg 2 = 5 =4 CF = OF-OC , Siendo : OF = Gx = 40
G x+ G y 40+30
2 = 75.96 CF = 40-35 OC = = =
2 2
35
= 37.98 CF = 5 M
Pa
G x+ G y 4030
Donde : OC : = = 35 M
Pa
2 2
D
Tn
T Tx+Ty
(-30,-40)x 2
(41.63) Vx-Vy
2
2B
138.37=2
Tn ComP A O F B
E
X F 90 O I
C
48.37
y(60,40)
Tmin = Tmax =
E
T2 T1
G x+ G y 40+30
Donde OC = = = 35 M
Pa
2 2
AC = CB = CX = 20.616 M
Pa
Gmax = CD = CX = R = 20.616 M
Pa
G x+ G y 40+30
Gn = OC = = = 35 M
Pa
2 2
Gn = OG = OC GC (4)
Donde : OC = 35 M
Pa
GC
Cos2
n = GC = NC Cos2 n = R Cos2
n
NC
Pero nc = R = 20.616 M
Pa
2
n = 180 80 75.96 = 24.04
Gn = 35-18.828 = 16.172 M
Pa
Gt = OI = OC + CI (5)
Donde : OC = 35 M
Pa
CI
Cos
2 t = CI = ctCos 2 t ; ct= 20.616 M
Pa =R
CT
Gt = 35+18.828 = 53.828 M
Pa
Hn
Donde : Sen
2 n = Hn = nc Sen
2 n
nc
Pero nc = R = 20.616 M
Pa
-(cw)t Tx Ty
2
30
D V(40,-20)
n
20
Tn
10 Tmin
2O 75.96
10 F I B
ComPA H O
0 40 50
46.87 24.04
C
Tmin t Tmax
10
20
(30,20)H E
30
Tmax
+(cw)t
Pagina 10
PROBLEMA N 3
SOLUCIN:
I. ANALTICAMENTE
2t
Utilizamos la ecuacin (11.3) : Tg
2 n = (1)
G x G y
Datos :
Gx = 30 M
Pa ; t = 40 M
Pa sh (+)
Gy = 60 M
Pa
2 X 40 80
Tg
2 n = = = -0.888
3060 90
2 n = 41.63 como es negativo , 180-41.63 = 138.37
2 n = 138.37
max
Utilizamos la ec. (11.4) : G min = ( Gx +G y
2 )
( Gx G y 2 2
2 ) +t
(2)
max
G min = ( 30+ 60
2 )
( 3060 2
2
+ 402 )
max
G min = 15 60.208 ; De donde Gmax = 15+60.208 = 75.208
M
Pa
Tmax =
( 3060 2
2 )
+40 2 = 60.208 M
Pa
1.c.2. Esfuerzo normal
G x G y
Utilizamos la ec. (11.7)
Gmedio = (4)
2
30+60
G medio = = 15 M
Pa
2
G x G y
Para la direccin, utilizamos la ec. (11.5) : Tg
2 t = (5)
2
3060 90
Tg
2 t = = = 1.125
2(40) 80
2 t = 48.366
Gx +G y Gx G y
Utilizamos la ec. (11.1) :
Gn = ( 2 ) + ( 2 ) Cos2
-tSen2 (6)
Datos : Gx = 30 M
Pa , Gy = 60 M
Pa , t = ty = 40 M
Pa (sh) ;
= 45
Gn = [ 30+60
2 ] [
+
3060
2 ] cos(2x45 ) 40Sen(2x45)
Gn = 15-0 40 = -25 M
Pa
donde : 2 = 180+90=270
reemplazando valores en (6)
Gn = [ 30+60
2 ] [
+
3060
2 ] cos270 40Sen270
Gn = 15+0 + 40 = 55 M
Pa
Datos : 2 = 90 ,Z=
ty = 40 M
Pa
T= ( 3060
2 ) Sen90 +40cos90
T = 45 + 0 = -45 M
Pa
II. Grficamente
XF
Tg2 = (1) Donde XF = 40 M
Pa
CF
CF = OC + OF = ( G +G
2 )
x y
+ 30 = ( 30+60
2 )
+30
CF = 45 M
Pa
40
Tg2 = 45 = 0.8889 Para 2 = 180-41.63= 138.37
2 = 41.63
1.b. Los esfuerzos principales
1.b.1. Gmax
G x+ G y 30+60
Gmax = 03 + OC + CB (2) Donde: OC = 2 = 2
= 15
II.b.1. Gmax
CB = R = XC = XF2 + FC2
II.b.2. Gmin
OC = 15
Tmax = CD = CE = R = 60.208 M
Pa
Gn = OC = 15 M
Pa
Gn = OG = CG OC (3) Donde OC = 15
CG = Cn Cos 48.37=RCos48.37
Reemp. Valores en (3) CG = 60.208 Cos 48.37 = 39.997
Gn = 39.997 15 = 24.997 25 M
Pa
Gt = OI = OC + CI (4) Donde : OC = 15
CI = Ct Cos 48.37=RCos48.37
Gt = 15+39.997 = 54.997 55 M
Pa