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INTRODUCTION
ANALYSIS
FORM FINDING
PNEUMATIC MATERIALS
FUTURE PERSPECTIVE
PNEUMATICS IN FACADE SYSTEM
CONCLUSION
REFERENCE
PRESSURISED CONSTRUCTION
PNEUMATIC CONSTRUCTION
TERMS USED
Blow-ups
Inflatables
Airdomes
Airhouses
PNEUMATICS
PNEUMATIC ARCHITECTURE
PNEUMATIC CONSTRUCTION
PNEUMA
FREI OTTOS
EXPERIMENT Soap bubble Others (slightly deformable)
elasticity
Minimal surfaces Rubber skins
Heavy fabrics
Weight of bubble Wire
depends on its Nets
surface area Metal sheets
plastics
BUBBLE AGGLOMERATION
Soap bubbles of different sizes having
equal thick walls will decent at same
speed in still air
120 degree
Curvature
in diaphragm
3 bubbles +
1 on top
6 bubbles surround 1
hexagonal central
bubble
8 bubble arranged
Additional internal symmetrically
Bubbles in their bubble may form at
numerous connotations centre
lightness
transparency
flexibility
Not more the 3 skins can be in contact
scale
along one line, they will form 120 degree
shape with each other
size
Innovative materials + new knowledge
>> intensive formal + structural experimenting
A sphere of variable
diameter can be moved
along an axis, the
enveloping surface can
be formed pneumatically
Efficiency of inflated
elements can be
improved by more
Diagonal bracing
complex means of inter
connection
Limitation
Budget constrain
Insufficient technology / obstacle
Cost effectiveness
Durability
Experimental construction technique
APPLICATIONS
Pneumatic drills
air braking systems
ground effect machines
hovercraft + hover pads
Resist various
climatic condition
PNEUMATIC CONSTRUCTION
Bubble conglomeration
AIR INFLATED STRUCTURE
Pi
Pi
PNEUMATIC CONSTRUCTION
HYBRID STRUCTURE
LIMITATION
Uninterrupted air
replenishment to maintain
pressure differential
NECESSITY
Minimise air leakage
Means of anchorage
Constant air supply
Membrane material
HYBRID STRUCTURE
p = nk / rk + ns / rs
TENION DIAGRAM
AIR BEAMS
TENION DIAGRAM
^ means increase
CUSHION STRUCTURES
OR
TENION DIAGRAM
STRUCTURAL MEMBRANE || DESIGN CRITERIA
Strength
tensile strength
Tear resistance
Modulus of elasticity
strength to weight ratio
Air permeability
precipitation
wind
ultra violet rays
resistance to abrasion
retention of physical properties with ageing
atmospheric pollution
Chemical resistance
Insulation properties
Flexibility
Incombustibility
Joinery strength
MEMBRANE IS DEFINED BY NO ADDITIONAL SUPPORT
material property
chemical composition SINGLE MEMBRANE STRUCTURE
elasticity
density
geometry
type of weaving NEGATIVE PRESSURE -
POSITIVE PRESSURE
+
NEGATIVE PRESSURE -
durability
heat
light-filtering properties
POSITIVE PRESSURE
are determined by the careful choice
of surface finishes and inner lining
+
compressed air pretensions the ADDITIONAL POINT SUPPORT
membrane due to membrane cutting
pattern
SINGLE MEMBRANE STRUCTURE
volume of structure is formed
NEGATIVE PRESSURE -
POSITIVE PRESSURE
+
NEGATIVE PRESSURE -
POSITIVE PRESSURE
+
ADVANTAGES ADDITIONAL LINEAR SUPPORT
POSITIVE PRESSURE
+
NEGATIVE PRESSURE -
LIMITATION
NEGATIVE PRESSURE -
POSITIVE PRESSURE
+
NEGATIVE PRESSURE -
+
PNEUMATIC MATERIALS
Depends on function or need
ISOTROPIC
same strength + stretch in all directions
Plastic films
PVC, Poly ethylene, polyester, polyamide
Fabrics
glass fibers or synthetic fibers coated in a
PVC, polyester or polyurethene film
Rubber membrane
lightest + most flexible
Metal foils
high gas diffusion resistance + high tensile
strength. Needs very exact cutting patterns
PNEUMATIC MATERIALS
Depends on function or need
ANISOTROPIC MATERIALS
same strength + stretch ability in oriented
directions.
Woven fabrics
2 main direction of weave
Organic fibers
wool, cotton or silk
Synthetic fibers
polyamide, polyester and polyvinyl
Gridded fabric
coarse-weave made of organic mineral or synthetic
fibers or metallic networks.
Synthetic rubber
Combination of plastic and rubber
latest and are more resistant to elongation
Plastics
like woven fabrics
more of tensile strength than normally manufactured
plastic sheets
SEWN FABRIC MEMBRANE
3 methods of joinery
Type of thread
dacrom / terylene
resistant to UV rays
Preference of stitching
expense
protection against weather
uniform high strength bonding
free of wrinkles, voids / air pockets
Door openings
Perimeter at the structure's junctions with the ground
Ventilation
PORTABILITY CRITERIA
Woven fabric
Drop stitch
Laminated skin
Technology
ALIVE SKIN
TECHNOLOGY
ETFE
ETHYL TETRA FLUORO ETHYLENE
AIM
Flexibility
Transparency
Heat and light permeability
AIM
research areas
blobitecture
kinetic architecture
knitflatable architecture
nasa and so on
adaptability
symbol
http://www.breathingskins.com/
https://www.betterworldsolutions.eu/facade-
system-allows-building-breathe-pleasant-
indoor-climate/
https://futurism.com/videos/the-breathing-
wall-that-controls-your-homes-temperature/
https://sites.google.com/site/pneumaticstruc
turalsystemae390/pneumatic-
structure/technology
http://www.archdaily.com/789230/let-your-
building-to-breathe-with-this-pneumatic-
facade-technology
http://www.archdaily.com/437560/bubble-
building-3gatti-architecture-studio
http://www.archdaily.com/71858/plastique-
fantastique-installations
http://www.birdair.com/tensile-
architecture/membrane/etfe
http://www.ruiz-
geli.com/projects/built/media-tic
P N E U M AT I C S T R U C T U R E S