What is taxonomy? Earliest prokaryotes Some are colonial
Kingdom Monera Live in most extreme environments Take in food by simple diffusion and Prokaryotes phagocytosis First types of cells to evolve 3.5 Reproduce asexually and sexually billion years Groups: Groups of Protozoa Characteristics of prokaryotes 1. Methanogens live in swamps and 1. Rhizopoda ( Sarcodina) amoeboids - Nuclear materials not enclosed by marshes, and guts of organisms - unicellular and asexual organisms nuclear membrane (nucleoid) including mammals - pseudopodia - Lack other organelles that are found - produce methane gas - phagocytic in cell of higher organisms 2. Halophiles live in high salt content - Amoeba - With cell membrane and enclosed by environment Entamoeba hystolitica cell wall 3. Thermophiles live in high 2. Zoomastigina (Mastigophora) - Some move by means of flagella temperature zooflagellates - Reproduce by means of fission 4. Acidophiles acidic environment - with flagella - Some forms endospores Eubacteria - phagocytic Monerans can be classified based True bacteria - Trypanosoma gambiense on the following: Classified according to their mode of - Giardia lamblia Nutritional requirements acquiring nutrients, mechanism of 3. Apicomplexa (Sporozoa) 1. Photoautotrophs blue-green algae movement and their shape. sporozoans - produce Photosynthetic bacteria - no locomotory organelles energy from light A. Cyanobacteria photosynthetic - parasitic 2. Heterotrophs some are parasitic bacteria - Plasmodium malariae bacteria, pathogens, and Nostoc 4. Ciliophora saprophytes Gleocapsa ciliates 3. Chemoautotrophs produce energy Spirogyra - cilia from inorganic substances Shapes of bacteria: - macronucleus and micronucleus Oxygen requirements bacillus (bacillus anthracis, bacillus - Paramecium, Balantidium coli 1. Obligate aerobes require oxygen subtilis, Mycobacterium Plant-like Protists - Algae to grow tuberculosis ) 1. Dinoflagellates Pyrrophyta 2. Obligate anaerobes do not require coccus ( streptococcus pneumonia , - two flagella oxygen to grow nesseria gonorrhoeae ) - red tide 3. Facultative anaerobes can live Spirillus ( Treponema pallidum ) 2. Golden brown Chrysophyta with or without oxygen Protozoa animal-like protists (diatoms) Two groups of prokaryotes/bacteria Unicellular organisms - unicellular; cell wall contains Archaebacteria Motile silica 3. Green algae Chlorophyta -Penicillium notatum -Cells are specialized to perform - with chlorophyll a and b -Aspergillus specific function - ancestors of present plants Kingdom Plantae Phylum Cnidaria/Coelenterata - multicellular Animals Karaoke players can order -Aquatic ; radially symmetrical; with - Caulerpa racemosa free grade soda tentacles around the mouth Caulerpa lentellifera Plants Karaoke dancers can order -Jelly fish, sea anemones, corals Ulva free grape soda Phylum Platyhelminthes Division Bryophyta- mosses -Flatworms; bilaterally symmetrical -Grow in moist places -Flukes, planaria, tapeworms 4. Brown algae Phaeophyta -No true roots -Liver fluke (Cestoda) * Tapeworm - marine; multicellular -No vascular tissue (Trematoda) - Kelp and Sargassum Phylum Echinodermata 5. Red algae Rhodophyta Division Lycophyta - Selaginella -Marine; sea stars; water vascular - multicellular; aquatic; mostly Division Sphenophyta - horsetails system marine Division Pterophyta - ferns Phylum Nematoda Kappaphycus alvarezii -Seedless vascular plants -Round worms with tough Euglenoids - Euglenophyta -True roots impermeable cuticle KINGDOM FUNGI -Vascular tissue -Saprophytic -Survive in dryer environment -Unicellular and filamentous Division Cycadophyta - cycads Phylum Annelida -Some are parasitic, causing diseases Division Coniferophyta cone -Segmented worms; with parapodia or in plants and animals bearing plants setae for movement -Body composed of filaments called -Naked-seeded plants Phylum Mollusca hyphae collectively called -Pinus -Calcareous shell; aquatic and mycelium Division Anthophyta flowering terrestrial -Bread mold (Rhizopus nigricans) plants Phylum Arthropoda Candida albicans Class Liliopsida monocot -Segmented; exoskeleton Saccharomyces cerevisiae - flowers parts in threes Phylum Chordata Unicellular fungi Class Magnoliopsida dicot -Fish -Yeasts - flowers in fours or fives -Amphibians -Bakers yeast KINGDOM ANIMALIA -Reptiles -Candida albicans Phylum Porifera -Birds Filamentous fungi -No true tissue no organs -Mammals -Bread mold