26 LS400 NEW FEATURES

 1UZFE ENGINE
1. General
The 1UZFE engine of the 93 LS400 differs from the 92 LS400 in the following areas:

System Outline
Cooling System A newlydeveloped aluminum radiator is lighter in weight.
Throttle body is made both compact and light (together with the throttle
Intake System
position sensor and IAC* [ISC] valve).
 Fuel injectors are made more compact and light (total length shortened from
Fuel System 78.1 mm to 71 mm [3.07 in. 2.80 in.]).
 Cold start injector has been discontinued.
Engine Control System Refer to 2. Engine Control System table below.
 EGR and EVAP systems are controlled by ECM [engine ECU].
Emission Control System
 Secondary Air Injection system adopted for Californiaspec vehicles only.
* IAC (Idle Air Control)

2. Engine Control System

General
The following table shows the comparison of the engine control system of the 93 LS400s 1UZFE engine to that
of the 92 LS400:

System Outline 93 LS400 92 LS400

 An Ltype MFI [EFI] system directly detects the
intake air volume with an optical KarmanVortex
MFI*1 [EFI] type volume air flow meter.  
 The fuel injection system is a 4group type and
injects to 2 cylinders each.
When starting the engine, the fuel injection system

See Page 29 sprays fuel into all cylinders at the same time.
Cold Start Injector The injection duration of the cold start injector is
controlled by the start injector time switch and 
Control ECM*2 [ECU].
Ignition timing is determined by the ECM*2 [ECU]
ESA  
based on signals from various sensors.
A step motor type IAC [ISC] system controls the fast
IAC*3 [ISC]  
idle and idle speeds.

*1: MFI (Multiport Fuel Injection)

*2: ECM (Engine Control Module)
*3: IAC (Idle Air Control)
 LS400 NEW FEATURES 27

System Outline 93 LS400 92 LS400

Uses a fuel pump relay
Under light engine loads, 
Fuel Pump
p Control pump speed is low to and a fuel pump resistor.
reduce electric power Uses fuel pump ECU
loss. 
(same as 92 SC400)
Fuel Pressure Control In hot engine condition, the fuel pressure is increased
 
to improve restartability.
Maintain the temperature of the oxygen sensor at an
Oxygen Sensor
appropriate level to increase accuracy of detection of  
Heater Control
the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas.
By controlling the air conditioning compressor in
Air Conditioning
accordance with the throttle valve opening angle and  
CutOff Control
the vehicle speed, drivability is maintained.
Cuts off EGR according to the engine condition. 

EGR Control Drives the EGR valve with step motor, controlling
the EGR volume in accordance with the engine 
conditions. (same as 92 SC400)
Controls the purge flow Controlled by TVV*5
of evaporative emissions 
[BVSV] and VCV
Evaporative (HC) in the charcoal
Emission Control canister in accordance Controlled by ECM

with engine conditions. (same as 92 SC400)
Secondary Air After staring a cold engine, an electric air pump
Injection Control *4 delivers secondary air to the exhaust system to 
See Page 30 decrease emissions.
Diagnosis When the ECM detects a malfunction, the ECM
 
See Page 32 diagnoses and memorizes the failed section.
When the ECM detects a malfunction, the ECM
FailSafe
stops or controls the engine according to the data  
See Page 32
already stored in memory.

*4 California specification vehicles only

*5 TVV (Thermal Vacuum Valve)
28 LS400 NEW FEATURES

Construction
The configuration of the engine control system in the 93 LS400 is as shown in the following chart. Shaded portions
differ from the 92 LS400.
 LS400 NEW FEATURES 29

MFI [EFI]
Along with the discontinuing of the cold start injector in the 1UZFE engine of the 93 LS400, the fuel injection
system has been modified as follows, in the starting mode:

1UZFE Engine
93 LS400 92 LS400
Engine Condition
Simultaneous injection to all
Engine starting *1 4Group Type *2
cylinders (every 180)
Other than starting 4Group Type 4Group Type

*1 Engine speed below a predetermined.

*2 The cold start injector will also operate in accordance with the coolant temperature.

Fuel Injection Timing

30 LS400 NEW FEATURES

Secondary Air Injection System (California specification vehicles only)

1) General
The Secondary Air Injection is part of the emission control system. It uses an electric air pump controlled by the
ECM [engine ECU] to deliver air to the exhaust system. This will reduce through oxidation the CO and HC
emitted by engine exhaust. Besides the ECM and air pump, this system is comprised of the VSV (Vacuum
Switching Valve), ASV (Air Switching Valve), check valves, etc.
 LS400 NEW FEATURES 31

2) Construction
a. Electric Air Pump
The air pump is located on the vbank of the
cylinder block. It is a light and compact
electric (DC motor) air pump which is
controlled by the ECM [engine ECU].
The pressurized air from this pump is sprayed
into the exhaust port after first passing through
the ASV built in the pump. Provided that the
VSV is on, the ASV will remain open by way
of the stored intake manifold pressure.

Electric Air Pump

3) Operation
After starting a cold engine, the ECM engages
the air pump relay to run the air pump. At the
same time, it engages the VSV. Therefore, the
ASV opens under intake manifold pressure,
allowing the secondary air injection to take
place.

RELEVANT SIGNALS
 Engine speed (NE)
 Coolant temperature (THW)
 Volume Air flow meter (Ks)
 Intake air temperature (THA)
 Barometric pressure (HAC)
32 LS400 NEW FEATURES

Diagnosis
The diagnostic system of the 93 LS400 has the following diagnostic trouble codes in addition to those in the 92
LS400. Code numbers 17 and 18 have been discontinued.

Additional Diagnostic Trouble Codes

Malfunction Indicator
Code Lamp *1
Item Diagnosis Memory *2
No. Normal Test
Mode Mode
All conditions below are detected
continuously for 8 sec. or more.
Vehicle Speed (a) Vehicle speed signal: 0 km/h (mph)
42 OFF ON (b) Engine speed: 2800 rpm or more 
Sensor Signal
(c) Park/Neutral position switch
[Neutral start switch]: OFF
(d) Stop light switch : OFF
Secondary Air
Open or short in VSV circuit of air
48*3 Injection System N.A. N.A. 
switching valve for 5 sec. or more.
Malfunction
(1) Open or short in fuel pump circuit
for 1 sec. or more with engine
speed 1000 rpm or less.
(2) Open in input circuit of fuel pump
78 Fuel Pump OFF ON ECU (FPC) with engine speed 
ControlSignal 1000 rpm or less.
(3) Open or short in diagnostic signal
line (DI) of fuel pump ECU with
engine speed 1000 rpm or less.

*1 : ON displayed in the diagnosis mode column indicates that the Malfunction Indicator Lamp [CHECK Engine
Lamp] is lighted up when a malfunction is detected. OFF indicates that the CHECK does not light up during
malfunction diagnosis, even if a malfunction is detected. N.A. indicates that the item is not included in
malfunction diagnosis.
*2 :  in the memory column indicates that a diagnostic trouble code is recorded in the ECM [engine ECU] memory
when a malfunction occurs. x indicates that a diagnostic trouble code is not recorded in the ECM memory even
if a malfunction occurs.
Accordingly, output of diagnostic results in normal or test mode is performed with the IG switch ON.
*3 : Only for California specification vehicles.
FailSafe
In addition to the 92 LS400 failsafe functions, the 93 LS400 has added the electric air pump to the list of abnormal
conditions to be detected.
1) In case of a malfunction in the electric air pump:
When the ECM [engine ECU] detects a problem in the electric air pump by way of the monitor terminals AMTT
and AML+, it will disengage the air pump relay and VSV to stop the secondary air injection.
 LS400 NEW FEATURES 33

3. Emission Control System

General
The following is a comparison chart of the 1UZFE engine emission control system used in the 93 and 92 LS400 models:
System Abbreviation 93 LS400 92 LS400
Positive crankcase ventilation PCV  
Evaporative emission control EVAP *1 
Exhaust gas recirculation EGR *1 
Threeway catalytic converter TWC  
Secondary air injection AIR *1,*2
Multiport fuel injection [Electronic fuel injection] MFI [EFI]  
*1 Controlled by ECM [engine ECU]. See page 26.

*2 California specification vehicles only.

Component Layout and Schematic Drawing