WORLD CENTRE FOR MATERIALS JOINING TECHNOLOGY

Radiographic Interpretation
Coursework 3

Answer all questions.

1. The interval between the time the film is placed in the fixer solution and the time when
the original milky image disappears is known as:

a. The fixing time.

b. The clearing time.
c. The developing time
d. The development time

2. When carrying out radiography on a carbon steel butt weld using Ir192 as the source, how
many IQI wires must be visible on the radiograph for the technique to be acceptable in
most circumstances?

a. 5.
b. 3.
c. 7.
d. None of the above can be selected not enough information is given.

3. Images of discontinuities close to the source side of the specimen become less clearly
defined as:

a. Source to object distance increases.

b. The thickness of the specimen increases.
c. The size of the source decreases.
d. The thickness of the specimen reduces.

4. Radiographic films with larger grain size when compared to films with small grain sizes:

a. Will produce radiographs of a better quality

b. Will produce radiographs with a reduced quality
c. Will have slower film speeds
d. Will reduce development times

5. In most cases which of the following is applicable to the double wall double image
radiographic technique:

a. Should not be used on pipe diameters less than 100mm.

b. Should not be used on pipe diameters more than 100mm.
c. May be used on any pipe diameter providing the contrast is acceptable.
d. Should be used on plate butt welds.

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6. In most cases which of the following radiographic techniques will require the IQI to be
placed on the film side:

a. SWSI panoramic
b. DWSI
c. SWSI.
d. Both a and b.

7. Which of the following criteria are important considerations when selecting the correct
IQI to use?
a. The wire shall have a coefficient of absorption as close as possible to that of the
material under test.
b. The wire shall be made from the same material as the material under test.
c. The wire can be made from any material providing the desirable image quality is
achieved.
d. The wire is always made from stainless steel to prevent rusting occurring.

8. Density is a logarithmic ratio of:

a. The transmitted light compared with light from the viewer.

b. The incident light divided by the transmitted light.
c. The light from the viewer divide by the incident light
d. The transmitted light multiplied by the incident light.

9. When struck by x-rays or gamma rays lead screens emit:

a. Electromagnetic energy.
b. Electrons.
c. Protons.
d. All of the above

10. The half value thickness of a material depends upon:

a. Exposure time.
b. The intensity of radiation used.
c. The wave length of radiation used.
d. All of the above.

11. When using the same light source, a film that transmits 1/10 of the incident light, another
film transmits 1/100 of the incident light, what is the density of the second film?

a. 2.0.
b. 4.0
c. 1.0
d. 100.

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12. The welding process most suited to the joining of thin materials such as copper, stainless
steel and aluminium:

a. MMA
b. SAW
c. TIG
d. FCAW

13. What is the IQI sensitivity if wire number 10 is visible using DIN 62 IQI series on a
panoramic shot 36 inch diameter vessel, 500mm f.f.d and a 30mm wall thickness?

a. 1.3%
b. 1.06%
c. 0.6
d. From the following information IQI sensitivity can not be calculated.

14. Lead foil in direct contact with x-ray film:

a. Intensifies the primary radiation.

b. Filters out scatter radiation.
c. Increases radiographic contrast.
d. All of the above

15. What is the amount of penumbra for the following conditions, size of source 4mm, wall
thickness 75nn, source to object distance 15m and exposure 28 mA minutes.

a. 0.2mm.
b. 0.02mm.
c. 2.0mm.
d. 2.1mm.

16. Which of the following radiographic techniques would be most likely used when carrying
out radiography on a 300mm diameter pipe to pipe weld (circumferential) with no
internal access?

a. DWDI.
b. DWSI.
c. SWSI (panoramic).
d. SWSI.

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17. Under most conditions, which of the following would give a SWSI multiple image
technique?

a. The radiographic examination of a plate butt weld over 40 metres in length

b. The radiographic examination of a pipes girth weld, full circumference less than
90mm diameter, no internal access.
c. The radiographic examination of a pipes girth weld, full circumference over 500mm
diameter, both internal and external access.
d. The radiographic examination of the same conditions as for c but no internal access.

18. A graph showing the relationship between material thickness, kilovoltage and exposure is
called a:

a. Characteristic curve.
b. Bar chart.
c. Exposure chart.
d. H and D curve.

19. Excessive exposure of a film to light before development of the film will most likely
result in:

a. A fogged film
b. Yellow stains.
c. White streaks
d. Dark streaks.

20. Radiographic contrast is affected by:

a. The thickness of the specimen.

b. Scatter radiation.
c. The intensity of the radiation used.
d. Both a and b.

21. As x-ray energy decreases wave length will:

a. Increase
b. Decrease
c. No change to the wave length.
d. Increase in beam width.

22. Approximately what is the thickness range of Co 60?

a. 2mm to 12mm.
b. 50mm to 200mm.

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c. 12mm to 80mm.
d. 10mm to 150mm.
23. Which of the following is naturally occurring radioisotope?

a. Iridium 192
b. Cobalt 60.
c. Radium 226.
d. Ytterbium 169.

24. A demsitometer is:

a. A meter used to measure x-ray intensity.

b. An instrument for measuring film density.
c. A meter used to measure radiation exposure.
d. A meter used to measure current.

25. All most all radiography is performed with

a. Naturally occurring isotopes.

b. Artificially produced isotopes
c. Thulium 170
d. None of the above.

26. The time required for a one half of the atoms in a sample of radioactive material to
disintegrate is called:

a. The inverse square law.

b. The curies.
c. The half life.
d. The half value thickness.

27. The primary form of energy conversion produced when electrons strike a target in an x-
ray tube:

a. Secondary X-rays.
b. Primary x-rays.
c. Electrons.
d. Heat.

28. Scattered radiation from the floor or walls is referred to as:

a. Primary radiation
b. Reflected radiation.
c. Back scatter radiation
d. Particulate radiation.

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29. The density difference between two selected areas of a radiograph is know as:

a. Radiographic contrast
b. Definition.
c. Film density.
d. Specific density.

30. The sharpness of an image at the edge of a density field is referred to as?

a. Definition
b. Subject contrast
c. Radiographic contrast
d. Film density.