SS8H5 SUMMARY - WESTWARD EXPANSION and INDIAN REMOVAL

SS8H5a Explain the establishment of the University of Georgia, Louisville, SS8H5b Evaluate the impact of land policies pursued by Georgia; include
and the spread of Baptist and Methodist churches. the headright system, land lotteries, and the Yazoo land fraud.
INTERPRETS
MAKES
LAWS
LAWS
HEADRIGHT
HEADRIGHT SYSTEM
SYSTEM
UNIVERSITY
UNIVERSITY of
of GEORGIA
GEORGIA To
To attract
attract settlers
settlers for
for economic
economic development
development and and
political
political representation
representation in in US
US government,
government, the the
1785:
1785: Federal
Federal US US government
government provides
provides money
money to to purchase
purchase land
land for
for aa Georgia
Georgia government
government provided
provided land
land to to Americans
Americans
public
public university
university (land
(land grant
grant charter)
charter) -- Thus
Thus becoming
becoming the the oldest
oldest public
public east
east ofof the
the Oconee
Oconee River.
River. Each
Each white
white male
male counted
counted
university
university in
in the
the United
United States
States of
of America.
America. The The university
university was
was created
created to to as
as aa head
head ofof aa family
family and
and had
had the
the right
right to
to receive
receive
improve
improve the
the knowledge
knowledge and
and skills
skills of
of Georgia
Georgia citizens
citizens in
in an
an effort
effort help
help the
the anywhere
anywhere from from 200
200 1,000
1,000 acres
acres of of land.
land. Farmers
Farmers
economy
economy andand improve
improve the
the standard
standard of of living
living of
of Georgians
Georgians and
and ranchers
ranchers were
were ableable to
to start
start up
up their
their business.
business. In In
1782,
1782, most
most of of the
the land
land was
was given
given to to Revolutionary
Revolutionary
1801:
1801: Students
Students (only
(only all-white
all-white // all-male)
all-male) attend
attend classes
classes in
in the
the Franklin
Franklin War
War veterans
veterans for for their
their service.
service. IfIf you
you recall,
recall, this
this is
is
College
College building
building how
how Elijah
Elijah Clarke
Clarke andand Austin
Austin Dabney
Dabney received
received land.
land.
1918:
1918: Women
Women were
were allowed
allowed to
to attend
attend the
the university.
university. On
On the
the map
map toto the
the left
left shows
shows the
the land
land distributed
distributed
during
during the
the headright
headright system
system from
from 1733-1802.
1733-1802.
1961:
1961: Charlayne
Charlayne Hunter
Hunter and
and Hamilton
Hamilton Holmes
Holmes became
became the
the first
first black
black available
available for
for settlement.
settlement.
students
students to
to attend
attend the
the University
University of
of Georgia
Georgia after
after desegregation
desegregation of of schools
schools

LAND
LAND LOTTERY
LOTTERY YAZOO
YAZOO LAND
LAND FRAUD
FRAUD
White
White males,
males, orphans,
orphans, andand Four
Four land
land companies
companies bribed bribed the
the governor
governor of of
CAPITAL
CAPITAL CITY
CITY of
of LOUISVILLE
LOUISVILLE widows
widows werewere eligible
eligible to
to receive
receive Georgia
Georgia andand the
the General
General Assembly
Assembly (legislature)
(legislature) to
to
lands
lands west
west of
of the
the Oconee
Oconee River
River pass
pass aa bill
bill to
to buy
buy large
large tracts
tracts ofof land
land near
near the
the Yazoo
Yazoo
Savannah that
that became
became available
available after
after the River
River in
in Mississippi.
Mississippi. The The companies
companies bought bought upup to
to 50
50
Savannah was was thethe first
first capital
capital because
because itit was
was thethe 1st
1st permanent
permanent the
settlement Creek
Creek Treaty
Treaty of
of Indian
Indian Springs million
million acres
acres of of land
land for
for only
only 11
cents
cents per
per acre.
acre. The
The
settlement in in Georgia.
Georgia. Augusta
Augusta became
became the the 2nd
2nd capital
capital but
but itit was
was Springs
located and
and the
the Cherokee
Cherokee Treaty
Treaty of
of New companies
companies would would then
then sell
sell the
the land
land atat much
much higher
higher
located too
too far
far east.
east. So,So, in
in 1786,
1786, thethe Georgia
Georgia legislature
legislature decided
decided to to build
build New
aa new Echota.
Echota. The The map
map above
above shows prices
prices and
and share
share the
the profits
profits with
with the
the legislators.
legislators. The
The
new city
city that
that would
would serve
serve as as the
the 3rd
3rd capital
capital of of Georgia
Georgia and and would
would bebe shows
centrally the
the land
land lotteries
lotteries from
from 1804
1804 -1835 US
US government
government solvedsolved thethe scandal
scandal by by forcing
forcing Georgia
Georgia
centrally located
located forfor citizens
citizens to to travel
travel there.
there. TheThe city
city was
was named
named after after -1835
King that
that encouraged
encouraged whitewhite settlement to
to cede
cede (give
(give up)
up) the
the lands
lands west
west of of the
the Chattahoochee
Chattahoochee
King Louis
Louis XVI
XVI ofof France
France for for his
his help
help in
in Americas
Americas Revolutionary
Revolutionary War. War. settlement
Louisville in
in western
western andand northern
northern Georgia River
River in
in exchange
exchange for for $1.25
$1.25 million
million dollars
dollars and
and aa
Louisville was
was notnot aa capital
capital city
city for
for very
very long
long because
because of of the
the states
states Georgia
westward due
due toto the
the ability
ability to
to make
make money promise
promise to to help
help remove
remove Creek
Creek andand Cherokee
Cherokee Indians
Indians
westward expansion
expansion due due toto Indian
Indian lands
lands becoming
becoming opened
opened for for settlers.
settlers. money
Milledgeville from
from cotton
cotton plantations
plantations andand the from
from the
the Georgia
Georgia territories.
territories. Georgias
Georgias western
western border
border
Milledgeville became
became the the 4th
4th capital
capital in
in 1807,
1807, followed
followed byby Atlanta
Atlanta inin 1877,
1877, the
the discovery
discovery of of gold. is
is became
became the the Chattahoochee
Chattahoochee River. River.
the current
current capital.
capital. One
One of of the
the most
most memorable
memorable events events toto occur
occur in in the
the gold.
capital
capital city
city of
of Louisville
Louisville was was the
the burning
burning of of all
all of
of the
the Yazoo
Yazoo Land
Land Fraud
Fraud
records
records in
in front
front of
of the
the capitol
capitol building
building inin 1796.
1796.

SPREAD
SPREAD of
of BAPTIST
BAPTIST and
and METHODIST
METHODIST
CHURCHES
CHURCHES
The
The Great
Great Revivals
Revivals are
are periods
periods of
of time
time inin American
American history
history
where
where there
there isis aa renewed
renewed focus
focus on
on religion
religion -- personally,
personally, socially,
socially,
and
and politically.
politically.

The
The Methodist
Methodist and
and Baptist
Baptist denominations
denominations (branching
(branching offoff of
of the
the
Protestant
Protestant branch)
branch) were
were small
small at
at the
the time,
time, however,
however, the
the 2nd
2nd
Great
Great Awakening
Awakening helped
helped these
these churches
churches grow
grow in in number
number andand
spread
spread across
across the
the southeast
southeast United
United States.
States. Interest
Interest in
in religion
religion
increased
increased during
during this
this time
time period
period byby allowing
allowing people
people to
to attend
attend
large
large camp
camp meetings
meetings called
called revivals,
revivals, and
and the
the southeast
southeast region
region
came
came toto be
be known
known asas The
The Bible
Bible Belt.
Belt.

Today,
Today, religion
religion has
has aa large
large influence
influence on
on the
the culture
culture of
of the
the
South.
South. Examples
Examples include
include thethe many
many churches
churches inin each
each county,
county,
blue
blue laws
laws (illegal
(illegal to
to sell
sell liquor
liquor on
on Sundays),
Sundays), and
and fast
fast food
food chain
chain
Chic-fil-A
Chic-fil-A not
not being
being open
open forfor business
business on
on Sunday,
Sunday, toto name
name aa few.
few.
 SS8H5 SUMMARY - WESTWARD EXPANSION and INDIAN REMOVAL
SS8H5c Explain how technological developments, including the cotton gin SEQUOYAH JOHN
SEQUOYAH JOHN ROSS
ROSS
and railroads, had an impact on Georgias growth. Created
Created aa syllabary-written
syllabary-written Principal
Principal chief
chief (president)
(president) ofof the
the
Cherokee
Cherokee language
language forfor Cherokees
Cherokees Cherokee
Cherokee Nation
Nation 1827-1866.
1827-1866.
to
to be
be accepted
accepted byby the
the white
white culture.
culture. Refused
Refused to to leave
leave Georgia
Georgia after
after the
the
IMPACT
IMPACT OF OF THE
THE COTTON
COTTON GIN GIN ONON GEORGIA
GEORGIA The
The Cherokee
Cherokee Phoenix
Phoenix newspaper
newspaper illegal
illegal Treaty
Treaty ofof New
New Echota
Echota and
and
In
In 1793,
1793, Eli
Eli Whitney
Whitney invented
invented aa machine
machine thatthat would
would developed
developed asas aa result.
result. survived
survived the
the Trail
Trail of
of Tears.
Tears.
make
make producing
producing cotton
cotton much
much easier
easier and
and profitable.
profitable. Oklahoma.
Oklahoma.
The
The production
production of of cotton
cotton increased
increased tremendously
tremendously in in
the
the 1800s.
1800s. The The unintended
unintended consequence
consequence was was that
that
white DAHLONEGA
DAHLONEGA GOLD GOLD RUSHRUSH WORCESTER
WORCESTER v. v. GEORGIA
GEORGIA
white settlers
settlers needed
needed moremore land
land to
to produce
produce cotton
cotton
which In
In 1828,
1828, white
white settlers
settlers Sam
Sam Worcester
Worcester was was aa white
white
which ledled to
to the
the removal
removal of of Creek
Creek Indians
Indians inin Georgia.
Georgia.
In discovered
discovered gold gold in
in Cherokee
Cherokee missionary
missionary the the Georgia
Georgia govt
govt
In addition,
addition, the
the South
South became
became moremore dependent
dependent on on
slave territory
territory in
in north
north Georgia
Georgia (present
(present arrested
arrested byby the
the for
for not
not having
having aa
slave labor
labor and
and the
the plantation
plantation system
system of of agriculture
agriculture
dominated day
day Dahlonega).
Dahlonega). Georgia
Georgia license
license to
to live
live on
on Cherokee
Cherokee land. land.
dominated the the southern
southern states,
states, whereas
whereas the the northern
northern
states legislators
legislators created
created the
the Indian
Indian He
He appealed
appealed his his case
case toto the
the
states were
were more
more industrial.
industrial. This
This would
would lead
lead to
to one
one
of Removal
Removal Act Act in
in 1830
1830 that
that paved
paved Supreme
Supreme Court
Court which
which ruled
ruled that
that
of the
the causes
causes of of the
the American
American Civil
Civil War.
War.
the
the way
way for
for white
white settlers
settlers toto Georgia
Georgia acted
acted unconstitutionally
unconstitutionally
remove
remove thethe Cherokees
Cherokees from from and
and that
that Georgia
Georgia lawslaws did
did not
not
Georgia.
Georgia. In In 1835,
1835, Georgia
Georgia heldheld apply
apply in
in Cherokee
Cherokee lands.lands. Sadly,
Sadly,
IMPACT
IMPACT OF OF THE
THE RAILROAD
RAILROAD ON ON GEORGIA
GEORGIA another
another land
land lottery
lottery and
and the
the President
President Jackson
Jackson refused
refused toto
In
In 1837,
1837, during
during the
the removal
removal of
of Cherokee
Cherokee Indians
Indians from
from north
north Georgia
Georgia the
the Cherokees
Cherokees were were eventually
eventually enforce
enforce this
this decision
decision & &
Western
Western & & Atlantic
Atlantic railroad
railroad company
company helped
helped build
build the
the city
city of
of Terminus
Terminus (later
(later forced
forced out
out inin an
an event
event known
known as as Cherokees
Cherokees were were forced
forced toto leave
leave
named
named Atlanta)
Atlanta) where
where Underground
Underground Atlanta
Atlanta is
is located
located next
next toto the
the Coca
Coca Cola
Cola the
the Trail
Trail of
of Tears.by
Tears.by thethe US
US Georgia.
Georgia.
museum.
museum. Atlanta
Atlanta becomes
becomes aa major
major transportation
transportation hubhub inin the
the southeast
southeast as as government.
government.
the
the railroad
railroad transports
transports Georgia
Georgia agricultural
agricultural products
products to to the
the Midwest
Midwest and
and
Atlantic
Atlantic coast.
coast. This
This helps
helps connect
connect Atlanta
Atlanta to
to other
other cities
cities in
in the
the state.
state. ANDREW
ANDREW JACKSON
JACKSON JOHN
JOHN MARSHALL
MARSHALL
Signed
Signed the
the Indian
Indian Removal
Removal Act
Act and
and Chief
Chief Justice
Justice of
of the
the US US Supreme
Supreme
the
the Treaty
Treaty ofof New
New Echota
Echota that
that led
led to
to Court
Court that
that ruled
ruled inin favor
favor of
of the
the
SS8H5c Analyze the events that led to the removal of Creeks and Cherokees; the
the Trail
Trail of
of Tears.
Tears. Did
Did not
not enforce
enforce Cherokee
Cherokee Indians
Indians in in the
the court
court case
case
include the roles of Alexander McGillivray, William McIntosh, Sequoyah, (support)
(support) the
the Supreme
Supreme Court
Court Worcester
Worcester v.v. Georgia.
Georgia. The The ruling
ruling
John Ross, Dahlonega Gold Rush, Worcester v. Georgia, Andrew decision
decision Worcester
Worcester v.
v. Georgia.
Georgia. was
was not
not enforced
enforced by by the
the President.
President.
Jackson, John Marshall, and the Trail of Tears.

TRAIL OF TEARS
In 1835, a Cherokee chief named Major Ridge signed the Treaty of New Echota with US
CREEK President Andrew Jackson but without the permission of Cherokee principal chief John Ross.
NATION This treaty gave up all Cherokee lands in Georgia in exchange for lands in Oklahoma and 5
million dollars. John Ross and other Cherokees thought the US government would protect
Cherokee lands from white settlement because of the Worcester v. Georgia Supreme Court
case. Instead, the US Army enforced the 1830 Indian Removal Act and in 1838 Cherokee
ALEXANDER WILLIAM homes and farms were burned the Cherokee were rounded up in concentration camps and
ALEXANDER WILLIAM McINTOSH
McINTOSH
McGILLIVRAY Bi-racial them forced to migrate to Oklahoma. Many of the Cherokee suffered from cold exposure,
McGILLIVRAY Bi-racial Creek
Creek Indian
Indian chief
chief
Bi-racial
Bi-racial Creek
Creek Indian in disease, and starvation. As a result, approximately 4,000 or 25% of the Cherokee people died
Indian in the
the early
early 1800s
1800s thatthat ceded
ceded
chief (gave on the Trail of Tears. Major Ridge and others Cherokees who signed the Treaty of New
chief (gave up)
up) Creek
Creek lands
lands west
west ofof
during
during the
the 1780-90s
1780-90s that the Echota were soon executed in OklahomaUNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA
by supporters of Cherokee chief John Ross.
that the Oconee
Oconee River
River inin exchange
exchange
fought
fought against
against white
white for
for private
private property
property andand
settlement
settlement on on Creek
Creek lands
lands $200,000
$200,000 by by signing
signing the
the
during
during the
the Oconee
Oconee War.
War. Treaty
Treaty ofof Indian
Indian Springs
Springs in in
He
He signed
signed thethe Treaty
Treaty of
of 1825.
1825. Because
Because he he did
did not
not get
get
New
New York
York with
with President
President the
the permission
permission of of other
other Creek
Creek
George
George Washington
Washington thatthat tribal
tribal chiefs
chiefs he
he violated
violated aa
allowed
allowed headright
headright system
system Creek
Creek law
law whose
whose punishment
punishment
land
land to
to be
be given
given to
to whites
whites was
was death.
death. William
William McIntosh
McIntosh
east
east of
of the
the Oconee
Oconee River
River in
in was
was dragged
dragged fromfrom his
his burning
burning
exchange
exchange for for US
US protection
protection house,
house, shot,
shot, and
and stabbed
stabbed in in
of
of Creek
Creek lands
lands west
west of
of the
the the
the chest
chest for
for his
his betrayal
betrayal toto
Oconee
Oconee River.
River. the
the Creek
Creek Nation.
Nation.