R&TPO-msr RI-1.

Date: 31/01/2000 issue 3.

Radiographic Interpretation
Level 2 General and Specific Theory RI-1
This column is for official use only
Name: . Results
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1. If it were necessary to radiograph a 7-inch thick steel product, which of the following
gamma ray sources would most likely be used?
a. Co60.
b. Ir192.
c. Ce137
d. Yb169.

2. The kilovoltage applied to an x-ray tube effects:

a. The quality of the x-ray beam.
b. The quantity of the x-ray beam.
c. Has no effect on subject contrast.
d. All of the above.

3. Isotopes of a single element differ only in the number of:

a. Protons.
b. Neutrons.
c. Electrons.
d. Positrons.

4. Low energy ionising radiation:

a. Are scattered more easily than high energy x-rays.
b. Are scattered less than high energy x-rays.
c. Produce lower contrast radiographs.
d. None of the above.

5. Alpha particles are emitted:

a. After gamma rays and x-rays.
b. After gamma rays
c. Before gamma rays
d. Only by natural isotopes.

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6. In accordance with BS EN 1435 which of the following are the recommended minimum
and maximum thickness values for Ir192 (test class a).
a. 50mm to 100mm.
b. 12mm to 50mm.
c. 40mm to 200mm.
d. 20mm to 100mm.

7. The half-life of a source is dependent on;

a. Its original intensity.
b. The source to film distance.
c. The physical size of the isotope.
d. The isotope.

8. The Z number is:

a. The atomic mass number.
b. The total number of electrons + neutrons.
c. The total number of neutrons + protons.
d. Dictates the element type.

9. Which of the following has the least penetrating properties?

a. X-rays.
b. Alpha particles.
c. Beta particles.
d. Gamma rays.

10. An atom which has lost an orbiting electron is said to be:

a. Radioactive.
b. A negative ion.
c. Ionised.
d. A nucleus.

11. Which of the following units is used for measuring the amount of absorbed dose?
a. Sievert.
b. Rem
c. Roentgen.
d. Gray.

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12. Linear volumetric defects associated with welds are?

a. Linear from at least one direction.
b. Linear from at least one direction with volume.
c. Equal from all directions.
d. Could be all of the above.

13. Which of the following defects are likely to be missed using x-ray as the inspection
medium?
a. Plate laminations, lack of side wall fusion on a single U butt weld and cap overlap.
b. Toe cracks, plate laminations and lack of side wall fusion on a single U butt weld.
c. Plat laminations, lack of inter run fusion using the MIG/MAG welding process and
cap overlap.
d. All defects are always detected using x-rays.

14. Which of the following is the most likely appearance of lack of root fusion on a
radiograph taken of a single V butt weld?
a. A dark straight line with a light root.
b. A dark straight line with a root of higher density.
c. A dark root with straight edges.
d. A dark uneven line with a light root.

15. Which of the following defects would show up as light indications?

a. Copper inclusions, slag inclusions and excessive root penetration.
b. Tungsten inclusions, spatter and lack of root penetration.
c. Tungsten inclusions, excessive root penetration and spatter.
d. Excessive cap height, copper inclusions and underflushing.

16. If an exposure time of 3 minutes and 30 seconds were necessary using a 5-metre source to
film distance for a particular exposure, what time would be necessary if a 3-metre source
to film distance is used and all other variables remain the same?
a. 1 minute 43 seconds.
b. 1 minute 15 seconds.
c. 65 minutes 12 seconds.
d. 2 minutes 55 seconds.

17. The part of an atom, which carries a positive charge, is called?

a. Positron.
b. Neutron.
c. Proton.
d. Electron.

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18. Alpha particles:

a. Have a short wavelength when compared to x-rays.
b. Have very high velocity and are very highly penetrating.
c. Penetrate more than beta particles
d. Are ejected as a helium atom minus any electrons.

19. The penetrating ability of gamma rays is governed by:

a. The isotopes activity.
b. Time plus activity.
c. The isotopes half-life.
d. The atomic number of the element used for the isotope.

20. Two different gamma isotopes of the same activity:

a. Will produce different wavelengths of radiation.
b. Will produce the same quality of radiation.
c. Will produce the same intensities and wavelengths of radiation.
d. Will produce only electromagnetic and ionising radiation.

21. A good radiograph is produced using the following exposure conditions, 4 minutes at 3
mA. What exposure time would be needed if the mA were reduced to 2mA?
a. 6 minutes.
b. 3 minutes.
c. 2 minutes.
d. 4 minutes.

22. A x-ray tube emits 4 msv per hour of radiation at an auto-monitored distance of 1m. What
is the distance where safety barriers are to be erected at 7.5 sv per hour?
a. 533.3m.
b. 1.35m.
c. 23m.
d. 0.73m.

23. The A number of an element is:

a. The number of neutrons plus protons.
b. The number of electrons plus protons.
c. The number of neutrons only.
d. Dictates the element type.

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24. X-rays and gamma rays are:

a. Corpuscular and ionising radiation.
b. Particulate and ionising radiation.
c. Particulate and corpuscular radiation.
d. Electromagnetic and ionising radiation.

25. In the electromagnetic spectrum light rays have:

a. A shorter wave length than x-rays.
b. The same frequency as x-rays.
c. The same wavelength as x-rays
d. A lower frequency than x-rays

26. Gamma rays:

a. Have a large mass when compared to alpha particles.
b. Travel at the speed of light.
c. Generally Produce much better quality radiographs when compared with low energy
x-rays.
d. Both a and b.

27. The absorption of gamma rays from a given source when passing through matter depends
on:
a. The atomic number, density and thickness or the matter.
b. The Youngs modulus value of the matter.
c. The specific activity value of the source.
d. All of the above.

28. The fact that gases, when bombarded by radiation, ionise and become electrical
conductors makes them useful in:
a. X-ray transformers.
b. X-ray tubes.
c. Radiation detection equipment.
d. Radiographic film.

29. An unshielded isotope source gives a dosage rate of 700 mr per hour at 7 feet. What
would the unshielded dosage rate be at 29 feet.
a. 12014.2 mr per hour.
b. 168.96 mr per hour.
c. 40.78 mr per hour.
d. 22.8 mr per hour.

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30. Which of the following defects are considered to be the most detrimental to the service
life of an item?
a. Porosity.
b. Non-equiaxed (planar) defects open to the surface.
c. Equiaxed (rounded ) defects open to the surface.
d. Linear volumetric defects.

31. What would be the new exposure time for the following conditions?
Old time = 3 mins 45secs. New mA = 5. Old mA = 4. New f.f.d. = 24". Old f.f.d. = 30".
a. 1.77 minutes.
b. 2.2 minutes.
c. 2 minutes 24 seconds
d. 1 minute 55 seconds.

32. A radiograph shows a single, dark parallel indication with straight edges, down the centre
of the weld area. What is the probable defect?
a. Misalignment.
b. Cap undercut.
c. Lack of root penetration.
d. Lack of root fusion.

33. Which of the following gamma sources would be preferred for radiography of an 6 mm
thick weld, single wall technique, a good quality radiograph is required:
a. Co60.
b. Ir192.
c. Yb169.
d. Tm170.

34. Cold lap in a weld is a commonly used definition for which of the following?
a. Undercut.
b. Hydrogen cracking.
c. Lack of side wall fusion.
d. Lack of fusion at the weld toes.

35. Which of the following defects would not be expected in a weld made by the MIG/MAG
welding process (solid wire)?
a. Porosity.
b. Undercut.
c. Slag inclusions.
d. Lack of root fusion.

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36. Which of the following weld defects would show up on a radiograph as, a dark irregular
line of various thickness running along the edge of the cap or the root?
a. Undercut
b. Lack of fusion, root or cap.
c. Slag inclusions.
d. All of the above could appear as above.

37. Which of the following standards relates to welding terms and symbols?
a. BS 5135.
b. BS 499.
c. BS 2901
d. BS 5500.

38. Which of the following is applicable to hydrogen cracking?

a. Its a hot crack.
b. The most common type of crack that occurs in C- Mn steels.
c. Only occurs in the HAZ of steel weldments.
d. Only occurs weld centre line.

39. Which of the following discontinuities is caused by insufficient cleaning between runs in
a MMA butt weld?
a. Undercut
b. Incomplete filled groove
c. Porosity.
d. Slag inclusions.

40. Welding on rolled plate with poor through thickness ductility can cause which of the
following?

a. Cold laps.
b. Laminations.
c. Lamellar tearing.
d. Slivers.

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