People who score highly on the Big Five dimension of _____

generally perform well at work, are more organized, and tend to

live longer.

conscientiousness

High levels of self-reported _____ are positively correlated with

brain volume in areas associated with processing information
about other people's mental states.

agreeableness

According to the text, dishonest responses are a potential

problem with:

personality inventories.

Studies have demonstrated that identical twins are more _____ in

personality than fraternal twins.
Similar
Barry is looking at an abstract collage of colors, lines, and shapes,
and trying to come up with an interpretation of it. Barry may be
taking some sort of _____ personality test.
projective

The _____ approach to personality uses various terms to

characterize differences among people.
trait

The case of Phineas Gage, personality changes linked to

stroke, and personality changes linked to medication are all
evidence that demonstrate that personality:

is highly dependent upon the brain.

_____referstoadefensemechanismthatinvolvestheunconsciousreplacementofthreateninginner
wishesandfantasieswithanexaggeratedversionoftheiropposite.
Reaction Formation
The final psychosexual stage in Sigmund Freud's developmental
sequence is the _____ stage.
Genital

According to psychoanalytic theory, the interactions that occur in

the dynamic unconscious among the three components of the
mind are characterized primarily by:
anxiety.

Baby Janice will be 2 years old in a few weeks. Her mother has
instituted a strict toilet-training schedule. Jordyn is placed on the
"potty" seat at regular intervals, and is forced to remain there until
she has had a bowel movement. Janice is immediately punished
when she has an "accident." According to some psychoanalytic
theorists, Janice's rigid toilet training may result in a fixation at the
_____ stage of psychosexual development.

MC. Psychosexual development slows during the _____stage, from

ages _____ years old.
A. latency; 3 to 6 [[The latency stage does not occur during the
preschool years.]]
C. phallic; 3 to 6 [[The phallic stage involves the resolution of the
Oedipus complex.]]
D. phallic; 6 to 12 [[The phallic stage involves the resolution of the
Oedipus complex.]]

B. latency; 6 to 12

According to Sigmund Freud, in the _____ stage, experience is

dominated by the pleasure, conflict, and frustration associated
with the genital region; this stage is also associated with powerful
incestuous feelings of love, hate, jealousy, and conflict.
Thecorrectansweris
phallic

Based on Sigmund Freud's description of the systems that

compose the mind, the _____ could be likened to the mediator
among the competing systems.
Ego
Sigmund Freud believed that _____ were caused by a fixation at a
particular psychosexual stage.
personalitytraits

A person who could not differentiate between right and wrong

might never develop a(n) _____, and his or her unconscious mind
would be underdeveloped.
Superego
According to the text, which statement about Sigmund Freud's psychosexual sta
theory is FALSE?
Itdoesnotfocusontheimpactofearlychildhoodexperiencesonpersonality.
Maya is very afraid of letting people get really close to her. She breaks up with h
boyfriend because she says that he is afraid of intimacy. Maya may be using the
defense mechanism known as _____.
projection

Claudia often responds to people with sarcasm, and has a habit of biting her
fingernails. Sigmund Freud might suggest that Claudia is fixated at the _____ sta
Oral

Maurice is always chewing gum, biting his fingernails, or chewing

on a pencil or pen. According to Sigmund Freud, Maurice might be
fixated at the _____stage.
Oral

According to some psychoanalytic theorists, young children

resolve the Oedipus and Electra conflicts by wanting to be as
much like the same-sex parent as possible. This reflects a defense
mechanism called _____.
identification

Sigmund Freud believed that a person who was overindulged or

was deprived at a certain age would become _____, or "stuck," at
that psychosexual stage.
fixated

Psychosexual development slows during the _____stage, from

ages 6 to 12 years old.
latency
According to critics of the psychosexual stage theory, a major
problem of the theory is that it:
offersafterthefactcomplexexplanationswithlittlepredictivepower.

Janey is at a taco stand on a hot day and is extremely thirsty. The

man in line in front of her orders an extra-large soda, and she has
the momentary urge to rip it from his hands. According to the
psychoanalytic approach, this urge originates from Janey's:
id.

Which behaviors or situations did Sigmund Freud think could lead

to a fixation at a psychosexual stage?
aparentdeprivingtheirchildofsomethingthechilddesiredorneeded
Renata's boyfriend is abusive to her. For comfort, she cuddles with her teddy bea
watches cartoons. Renata is displaying a defense mechanism referred to as ____

regression

According to Sigmund Freud, the id operates according to the _____ principle, an

is regulated by the _____ principle.
pleasure;reality
Sigmund Freud proposed that boys in the phallic stage experience the Oedipus
conflict. This is the:
experienceofconflictingfeelingstowardtheoppositesexparentwhichisresolvedbyidentifyingwiththesamesexparent.
According to Sigmund Freud, which statement about the interactions of the sys
of the unconscious is true?
Theinteractionsamongthesesystemsconstantlyleadtoanxiety.

_____ is a defense mechanism that involves the unconscious replacement of

threatening inner wishes and fantasies with an exaggerated version of their opp

Reactionformation
According to the psychodynamic approach, activities such as football and dan
are sometimes a form of _____; they allow unconscious wishes and desires to
transformed into socially acceptable behaviors.
sublimation

_____ is a defense mechanism that involves attributing one's own threatening

feelings, motives, or impulses to another person or group.
Projection
Randy is participating in an experiment and is shown a picture with what looks
black splatter. He is asked to interpret what he thinks the image means or repre
Which personality test is Randy taking?
theRorschachInkblotTest

The _____ approach suggests personality develops from human self-awarenes

the ability to decide how one will behave given the realities of life and death.
Existential
_____ describes a person's tendency to perceive the control of rewards as eith
internal to the self or external in the environment.
Locusofcontrol

The text suggests that the humanistic-existential movement began as a reactio

the _____ perspective in personality.
Psychodynamic
Julian Rotter would describe people who believe that their destinies are contro
luck or other people as having a(n) _____ locus of control.

external

Research by Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi suggests that the engagement in a task

exactly matches one's abilities may create a mental state of energized focus re
as _____.
Flow
The person-situation controversy focuses on the question of whether:
behavioriscausedmorebypersonalityorsituationalfactors.

Humanist psychologists suggest that individual personality differences are ca

thewaysinwhichtheenvironmentallowsonetosatisfypsychologicalneeds.

The person-situation controversy developed after Walter Mischel discovered t

theuseofpersonalitytraitsdoesapoorjobofpredictingindividuals'behavior.
Humanistic psychologists suggest that people are consciously motivated to r
their maximum potential; that is, people have a fundamental drive toward:
selfactualization.
People who believe that they control their own destinies have a(n) _____ locu
control; people who believe that outcomes are random or controlled by othe
have a(n) _____ locus of control.
 internal;external
Theexistentialpsychologistsemphasizetheanxietyof"fullybeing,"alsoknownas_____.

angst

Julian Rotter would describe people who believe they are in control of their ow
as having:
aninternallocusofcontrol.

The humanistic-existential approach claims that personality:

iscausedbythestrivingforpersonalgrowthwhileconsideringthemeaningoflifeanddeath.

Theorists who support the _____ approach believe that the expression of personality behavi
depends on personal constructs, outcome expectancies, and the locus of control.
social-cognitive

According to the work of Walter Mischel, traits and behavior are:

somewhatcorrelated.

As a reaction to Sigmund Freud's psychosexual theory and its pessimistic vie

human nature, humanistic psychologists focused on how humans _____, lead
personality development.
makehealthychoices
According to humanists, the self-actualizing tendency is the human motive fo
realizingone'sinnerpotential.

A person's assumptions about the likely consequences of a future behavior ar

outcomeexpectancies.

Abraham Maslow is associated with the _____ perspective on personality.

humanistic

Julian Rotter would describe people who believe that they are in control of the
destinies as having a(n) _____ locus of control.
 internal

Concepcion is typically very shy and hates to take risks. A researcher who take
_____ approach to personality might argue that Concepcion is shy because she
often in circumstances that call for her to be outgoing.

social cognitive

Unlike the behavioral approach, social-cognitive personality

researchers believe that _____ the environment influences
personality.
perceptionsof

Based on research by Walter Mischel, if Amir does not cheat on a

math test that is proctored by his teacher, he might cheat when he
takes a sociology test with no teacher in the room. This is because
the _____ is different.
situation

According to research by Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, a task that is

too challenging for a person's abilities will result in a state of
_____.
anxiety

According to the text, which approach to personality is most

consistent with a behavioral approach and with experimental
results observed by behaviorists?
social-cognitive

According to the text, the humanistic-existential movement in

psychology began in the decade of the:
1950s.
The _____ approach proposed that personality develops as a person strives for
personal growth, while at the same time negotiating the reality of death.
humanistic-existential
According to existential thinkers, drug abuse, gambling, and watching too much
television may all serve the purpose of:
numbingthemindtoexistentialreality.

Humanists proposed that the _____ tendency is the human motive toward
realizing inner potential and that this is a major factor in personality.
selfactualizing
Researchers taking the social-cognitive approach focus on:

thewaysinwhichpeopleperceivetheirenvironment.

_____ are dimensions that people use in making sense of their

experiences.
Personalconstructs

The _____ approach views personality in terms of how a person

thinks about the situations encountered in daily life and behaves in
response to them.

social cognitive

Mordecai is beginning a new job and is also working as a part-time

volunteer at a homeless shelter. If the sum of the demands is
exactly matched to his ability, Mordecai may experience what
humanist theorists describe as _____.

flow
dimensions that people use in making sense of their experiences.
Personal constructs are:

Owen is imaginative, excitable, and somewhat unreliable. He is

also friendly with everyone he meets. These characteristics are all
part of Owen's _____.

personality
According to Hans Eysenck's theory, an outgoing, active, sociable
person is MOST likely high in:
extraversion.

Which is NOT a characteristic that seems to appear more

commonly in women than in men?
opennesstoideas
The Rorschach Inkblot Test and Thematic Apperception Test are similar in that t
are both _____ tests.
Projective
Which statement is consistent with some observations of the five-
factor model?
Scoresonthefactorsarerelativelyconsistentacrossthelifespan.
Studies suggest that identical twins are _____ similar in personality than fraterna
twins.
More
Mack is participating in a research study in which he is asked to respond "true"
"false" to more than 300 statements such as, "I really enjoy spending time with o
people" and "I feel self-conscious about meeting new people." He is MOST likely
completing a personality measure known as the _____.
MMPI

The trait approach to _____ uses various terms to characterize differences amon
people.
Personality
The case of Phineas Gage, personality changes linked to stroke, and personalit
changes linked to medication are all evidence that demonstrate that personality
ishighlydependentuponthebrain.
Projective tests are based on the assumption that people have unresolved, ofte
unconscious, conflicts. Projective tests are therefore MOST likely to be used by
psychologists adhering to the _____ perspective.
psychoanalytic

Gordon Allport believed that personality traits:

arepreexistingtendenciestobehaveinacertainway.

The _____ consists of more than 300 descriptive statements that respondents
evaluate regarding their own personality.
MinnesotaMultiphasicPersonalityInventory(MMPI)
 According to Gordon Allport, a(n) _____ is a relatively stable disposition to be
a particular and consistent way.
Trait
Research suggests that biological factors are _____ determining personality.
importantin
Observation, self-reports, and projection tests are all methods for measuring
Personality

Bethenny is participating in research in which she wears a device that allow

wirelessly communicate with a researcher and report her behavior and think
researchers are MOST likely interested in learning about Bethenny's ____
personality

Candy is participating in an experiment and is shown a picture with what looks

black splatter. She is asked to interpret what the image means or represents. C
is taking the personality measure known as the _____.

Rorschach Inkblot Test

Which trait best describes someone who is regularly late to meetings, cannot k
class schedule organized, and often misplaces things?
Disorganized
High levels of self-reported _____ are positively correlated with brain volume i
associated with self-regulation.
Conscientiousness

According to the text, the newest direction in _____ research is wireless

communication and real-time data collection and analysis.

personality

The _____, first developed in 1939, is a well-known self-report measure of person

MinnesotaMultiphasicPersonalityInventory(MMPI)

Hans Eysenck believed that the cortex in extraverts is _____, and the cortex in
introverts is _____.

hardtostimulate;easilystimulated
Jeanette is prone to mood swings. She often can be irritable, restless, and
dissatisfied. According to Hans Eysenck's theory, Jeanette is high in:
neuroticism.
Research suggests that introverts typically respond _____ to stimuli when comp
to extraverts.
morestrongly
Which is NOT a technique used by psychologists to measure personality?
brainscanning
Nico describes himself as imaginative, with a preference for varied experience
instead of a regular routine. He would probably score highly on the personality
dimension of:
opennesstoexperience.
According to the five-factor theory of personality, people's personalities tend
_____ through a lifetime.

be stable
Accordingtothetext,thenewestdirectioninpersonalityresearchis:
real-time data collection and analysis.

A psychologist asks Sahara to agree or disagree with statements such as "I will
anything once" or "I like a great deal of variety in my workday." Sahara is comple
a personality measure referred to as _____.
self-report

Results from twin studies suggest that _____ play an important role in the
development of personality.
genes
One thing that the Thematic Apperception Test and the Rorschach Inkblot Test h
in common is that they are both open to _____ interpretation; this tends to limit t
predictive power.
subjective
The text offers the acronym "O.C.E.A.N." as way to help remember the "Big Five"
personality dimensions. The "A" stands for:
agreeableness.
Edie is prone to mood swings. She often is angry, restless and unhappy. Accord
to Hans Eysenck's theory, Edie is high in _____.
neuroticism
Which is NOT one of the "Big Five" personality dimensions?
psychoticism

Which statement about gender and personality is true?

Menandwomenshowfarmoresimilaritiesthandifferencesinpersonality.

With respect to similarity of personality, twins who grow up apart are _____ thos
raised together.
atleastassimilaras

According to social role theory, gender differences in personality come from:

culturalstandards.