NAME............................................................................................................... INDEX NO......................

GATUNDU SOUTH FORM FOUR 2015 EVALUATION EXAM

232/1
PHYSICS
PAPER 1
JULY/AUGUST 2015
TIME: 2 HOURS

KENYA CERTIFICATE OF SECONDARY EDUCATION

GATUNDU SOUTH DISTRICT EVALUATION EXAM

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

Write your name and index number in the spaces provided above.
Answer ALL questions in section A and B in the spaces provided.
All working must be clearly shown.
Non programmable silent electronic calculators and KNEC mathematical tables may be used.

Take g = 10m/s2
Specific heat capacity of water is 4200Jkg-1K-1
Density of water = 1000kgm-3
Density of mercury = 1.36 x 104kgm3

1
SECTION A (25 MARKS)

1. The figure below shows a wire wound on a metal rod. The windings just touch each other. If the
total number of complete loops was found to be 25 and the distance covered by the windings on
the rod is 0.6cm, find the radius of the wire giving your answer in standard form. (2 marks)

2. The diagram below shows a section of a micrometer screw gauge.

2
 a) State the smallest measurement that can be made by the measurement that can be made by
the micrometer screw gauge. (1 mark)

b) The thimble of the micrometer screw gauge is rotated through 2 revolutions in the
clockwise direction in order to measure the diameter of a marble. State the diameter of the
marble. (1 mark)

3. The figure below shows two identical containers A and B containing hot water and ice block.

State with reason which water cools faster assuming that the wire gauge absorbs negligible heat.
(2 marks)

4. A bus that carries goods in the under seats carrier is more stable than one that carries goods in the
carrier at the top. Explain why this is so. (1 mark)

3
5. A turntable of radius 16cm is rotating at 960 revolutions per minute. Determine the angular speed
of the turntable. (2 marks)

6. Sketch a velocity time graph for a body initially moving at a velocity u before a force F is
applied to it for 5 seconds and there after the force F is withdrawn. (2 marks)

7. The figure below shows a pith ball in a container. (2 marks)

State and explain what would happen if air is blown over the mouth of the container. (2 marks)

4
8. The figure below shows a capillary tube placed in a trough of mercury.

Give a reason why the level of mercury in a capillary is lower than in the beaker. (1 mark).

9. A cork enclosing steam in a boiler is held down by the system shown below.

If the area of the cork is 15cm3 and a force of 500N is needed to keep the cork in place,
determine the pressure of the steam in the boiler. (3 marks)

5
10. In an experiment a crystal of potassium permanganate was placed in water as shown below.

After sometime, it was observed that the water turned purple. Explain this observation. (1 mark)

11. An aircraft 300m from the ground traveling horizontally at 400m/s releases a parcel. Calculate the
horizontal distance covered by the parcel from the point of release.
(Ignore air resistance). (2 marks)

12. A 20kw immersion water heater is used to heat 5.0 x 10-3m3 of water from 23oC to 100oC. Given
that 30% of heat is lost to the surroundings, determine the time used in heating the water.
(2 marks)

6
13. When the flask is placed in iced water the level on water rose and then fell. Explain this
observation. (1 mark)

14. The graph (curve) below show the variation of force against extension (cm) of two spiral springs
of same material, same wire thickness length but of different diameters (one large and the other
small). Identify which graph (A or B) represents which spring. (2 marks)

7
15. a)State the principle of moments. (1 mark)

b)A uniform metal strip is 3.0cm wides 0.6cm thick and 100cm long. The density of the metal
is 2.7g/cm3.

(i) Determine the weight of the metal strip. (3 marks)

8
 (ii) The strip is placed on a pivot and kept in equilibrium by forces as shown.

Determine the value of F and R. (3 marks)

16. The figure below shows an inclined plane, a trolley of mass 60kg being pulled up the slope by a
force of 200N parallel to the slope. The trolley is moved from X to Y.

9
Determine the
(i) Work output of the system. (2 marks)

(ii) Work input of the system. (2 marks)

(iii) The frictional force between the wheels of the trolley and the inclined plane.
(2 marks)

(iv) The efficiency of the system. (2 marks)

(v) The velocity ratio of the system. (2 marks)

10
17. A glass capillary contains enclosed air by a thread of mercury 15cm long when the tube is
horizontal, the length of the enclosed air column is 24cm as shown.

(i) What is the length of the enclosed air column when the tube is vertical with
the open end uppermost if the atmospheric pressure is 750mmHg? (2 marks)

(ii) What is the length of the enclosed air column when the tube is vertical with
the closed end upper most if the atmospheric pressure is 750mmHg. (2 marks)

(iii) Explain why the mercury does not run out when the tube is vertical with the
closed end uppermost. (1 mark)

b) Explain why an air bubble increase in volume as it rises from the bottom of a lake to the
surface. (2 marks)

11
 c) When an inflated balloon is placed in a refrigerator it is noted that its volume reduces, use
the kinetic theory of gases to explain this observation. (2 marks)

d) A certain mass of hydrogen gas occupies a volume of 1.6m3 at a pressure of 1.5 x 105 N/M2
and a temperature of 27o C. Determine the volume when the temperature is 0o C at a
pressure of 8.0 104 N/M2. (3 marks)

e) State the pressure law. (1 mark)

18. a) State Archimedes principle. (1 mark)

b) A block of wood measuring 0.8m by 0.5m by 2m floats in water. 1.2m of the block is
submerged.

(i) Determine the weight of the water displaced. (2 marks)

(ii) Find the force required to just make the block fully submerged. (3 marks)

12
 c) A block of glass of mass 250g floats in mercury. What volume of the glass lies under the surface
of mercury. (3 marks)

d) A piece of sealing wax, weight 3N in air and 0.22N when immersed in water, calculate the
density of the wax. (3 marks)

e) A balloon weighs 10N and has a gas capacity of 2m3. The gas in the balloon has a density of 0.1kg/m3.
If density of air is 1.3kgm-3, calculate the resultant force of the balloon when it is floating in air.
(3 marks)

19. a) Distinguish between speed and velocity. (1 mark)

13
 b) The figure below shows the motion of a ticker tape through a ticker timer whose frequency is
100Hz.

Determine
(i) Velocity at AB and PQ. (5 marks)

(ii) Constant acceleration of the tape. (3 marks)

c) State Newtons second law of motion. (1 mark)

14
GATUNDU SOUTH SUB-COUNTY FORM FOUR 2015 EVALUATION EXAM

PHYSIC 232/1
JULY/AUGUST 2015

Marking scheme

Section A
1 Diameter of wire=0.6cm = 0.0024cm
25
Radius =0.0024cm = 0.0012cm
2 =1.2 x 10-3cm

2 a) 1/100mmor 0.01mm

b) Initials reading =16.32mm

1revolution =100division =1mm
2 rev =2 x 1mm=2.50mm
Diameter =16.32-2.50=13.82mm

3. Water in a container B cold water from the melted ice in container A sinks to the bottom setting up
convectional current.

4. The centre of gravity of bus is lower when the goods are in lower carrier than when the goods are at the
top carrier.

5 W=21F
T=960rev/min=960=16rev
60
W=2x16=32 rad/s
(100.5rd/s)
6

15
7. When air is blown over the mouth of the container, the pressure above the container reduces and its
atmospheric pressure pushes the pith ball upwards.

8. Cohesive forces between mercury molecules are much stronger than adhesive force between mercury
and glass.

9. 1.2F = 2.7 x 500N

F = 2.7 x 500N
1.2M
F =1125N
P=F
A
=1125N
15x10-4M2
750,000N/M2

10 the potassium permanganate collides with the water molecules hence diffused from high concentration to low
concentration.
11 300m=0.5gt2
300=5t2
60 = t2
t= 60 = 7.746 sec
R= Ut
= 400x 60
= 400 x 7.746m
= 3098.4m

12 t = MC

p
=5.0x10_3x1000Kgm-3 x4200Jk_1x77k
20x70/100x1000W
=115.5sec
13 The rise is due to contraction of the flask and the fall is due to contraction of water.

16
14 Graph A represent spring with smaller diameter and graph B is spring of the larger diameter the smaller the spring
constant due to force acting on a large area hence less stiff.

15 a) When a body is in equilibrium, the sum of clockwise moments about the point is equal to the sum of anticlockwise
moments about the same point
b)i) Mass=density x volume
=2.7gcm3x0.6x3x100cm3
=486grams
Weight =486x10

1000
=4.86N

ii) Taking moment about pivot ,

F = 0.15x4.86
0.2
F = 3.645N
Upward force =downward force
R=3.645+4.86
R=8.505N

16 i) Work output =60kgx100kgx20

12,000 J

ii)Work input=force effort distance

=200N x 20
Sin14o
=200Nx82.671
= 16,534.2J

iii) Frictional force=work input work output

= 16534.2 - 12000
=4,534.2J

(iv) Efficiency =work done

Work input
=1200x100%
16534.2

=72.577%

17
v)Velocity ratio= 1

sin 140

=4.13

Or

V.R = MA x 100

Efficiency

= 600/200x100
72.5777

=4.13

17a)i) P1V1= P2V2

24 x 750 = (750+150)v2
V2=24x750
900

V2= 20cm

ii) P1V1= P2V2

24x750=(750-150)v2
V2=24x750
600

V2=30cm

iii)The mercury does not run out because the upward atmospheric pressure in the mercury column is
greater than downward pressure due to the enclosed air and its own mass.

b) At the bottom of the lake the bubble is under the pressure of water column plus the atmospheric
pressure on the surface of water as the bubbles rises the depth of the water column decreases as so does
the pressure decreases results in increase in volume.
i.e. pv=a constant

c) Low temperature reduces the kinetic energy of molecule which lead to lower rate of collision which
result to reduction of pressure.

d)P1V1= P2V2
T2 T2

1.5x105x1.6 = 8x104xV2
300 273

18
 V2= 240000x273
24000000

=2.73cm3
e) Pressure of fitted mass of a gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature provided volume is
kept constant.

18a) A floating body displaces its own weight of fluid in which it float.
Bi) Volume displaced =0.8x0.5x1.2m3
=0.48m3
Weight=0.48x1000x10N
=4,800N

ii) Average density of water =Total mass

Total volume
1000=480kg+extra mass
0.8x0.5x2

1000=480+extra mass
0.8
800-480=extra mass
=320kg = Extra mass
Force=320x10N
=3200N

c) Volume =mass
Density
=0.25kg
13600kg/m3
=1.8382x10-5m3

d) Apparent loss in weight =3.0 - 0.22

=2.78N

Volume displaced = mass displaced

density
= 0.278
1000
=2.78x10-4
Density = mass
Volume

= 0.3kg
2.78x10-4m3

=1079.1367kg/m3

19
e) Upthrust = weight of air displaced
=V x x g
=2x1.3x10
=26N

Weight of balloon=0.1x2x10N+10N
=2N+10N
=12 N
Resultant force =26N-12N
=14N

19a) Speed is scalar quantity while velocity is a vendor quantity

b)T=1= 1= 0.01seconds
F 100

i) VAB = 12 =600cm/s or 6m/s

2 x 0.01

Vpq= 32 =1600cm/s or 16m/s

2 x 0.01
ii) a=Vpq - VAB
t

=16m/s-6m/s= 10m/s
6x0.01 0.06s

=166.7m/s2

20
 GEM SUB-COUNTY JOINT EVALUATION EXAMS 2015
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education
PHYSICS
Paper 1
(Theory)
July/August 2015
Time: 2 Hours
SECTION A : (25 Marks)
Answer all questions

1. Figure 1 below shows a burette containing a liquid up to the level marked on the figure. 20 drops of
the liquid are now run out of the burette. If each drop has a volume of 1.1ml. Mark on the figure the
new level of the liquid in the burette. (2 marks)
B u re tte

liq u id le v e l

2. Figure 22 below shows a glass tube dipped in water inside a trough. The cross sectional area of the tube
is 2cm .

10cm

Determine the adhesive force between water and glass. (Take density of water = 1000kgm-3,
acceleration due to gravity = 10ms-2)
(3 marks)
3. Figure 3 below shows a velocity-time graph for a body.

Fig 3

T im e (s )
21
 Describe the motion of the body between A and B.
(1 mark)
4. Give a reason why mercury is preferred for use in a thermometer.
(1 mark)
5. Figure 4 shows a U-tube connected to gas supply containing liquids L 1 and L2 of densities 1.8gcm-3
-3
and 0.8gcm respectively in equilibrium.

gas

L h 2
2
h 1
L 1

Given that h1 = 8cm, h2 = 10cm and atmospheric pressure is 1.02 x 10 5Pa. Determine the gas pressure.
(3 marks)
6. Explain why gases have larger intermolecular distances than solids.
(1 mark)
7. Figure 5 below shows two balloons containing two different gases suspended on a rod. The set up is in
equilibrium.

A B
P iv o t

When the set up is moved in hot sun the system tips to the right.
a) Compare expansivity of the gases A and B.
(1 mark)
b) Explain your answer to (a) above.
(2 marks)
8. Figure 6 below shows an oil patch formed on water surface laced with lycopodium powder.

d = 4 .2 c m

Given that the patch was from one drop of oil whose volume was 31.42mm 3. Determine the size of
one molecule of the oil.
(3 marks)
9. State one similarity between moment of force about a point and work done
(1 mark)
10. Figure 7 below shows a log of wood 2m long lying on a flat ground. Two forces F 1 and F2 applied at
the ends of the log will just lift the log while maintaining
F 2 = horizontal
80N position.
F 1 = 50N 22
 Determine :
a) the weight of the log (1 mark)
b) the perpendicular distance from the centre of gravity of the log to force F2
(2 marks)
11. The table below shows the results carried out to study properties of a spring.
Force, N 0 10 20 30 40 50

Extension,
cm 0 2 4 6 10 18

a) In the space below, sketch a graph of extension against load.

(1 mark)
b) Determine the elastic constant of the spring.
(2 marks)
12. Figure 8 below shows a tube of varying cross-sectional area fitted with narrow tubes of uniform cross-
sectional areas h1, h2, h3 and h4 represent the heights of water column as the water flows in the tube at
varied speeds. Arrange the heights h1, h2, h3 and h4 in increasing order starting with the lowest.
(1 mark)

h 1 h h 3 h
2 4

SECTION B : (55 Marks)

Answer all questions.

13. a) On a certain planet a simple pendulum of length 0.5m oscillates with a frequency of 1.25Hz. If the
mass of the body
suspended on the body is 50g.
Determine :
i) the acceleration of gravity on the planet
(2 marks)
ii) the weight of the body on the planet (2
marks)
b) Figure 9 below shows two connected bodies p u ofl l e masses
y 0.5kg and 50g joined by a light
5 0 g passing over a smooth pulley. When released, the 0.5kg mass moves a
inextensible string
distance of 0.6m befores t r i coming
ng to rest. The coefficient of friction between
the 50g mass and the table is 0.3
0 .5 k g

TA B LE
23
0 .6 m

g ro u n d
 i) Determine :
I. the tension on the string.
(2 marks)
II. the acceleration of the 0.5kg mass.
(2 marks)
ii) Find the velocity of the 0.5kg mass just before hitting the ground.
(3 marks)
14. a) State two factors that must be kept constant for a gas to obey Boyles law.
(2 marks)
b) An air bubble rises from the bottom of a pond 20m deep until it reaches the top of the pond. The
graph below shows variation of pressure exerted on the bubble with volume of the
bubble.
5

4
(P a )

3
5
P10

0
100 200 300 400 500 600 V (c m )

i) From the graph, determine the pressure exerted on the bubble and volume of bubble at
I. the bottom of the pond
(2 marks)
II. the top of the pond (2
marks)
ii) Explain the shape of the graph.
(2 marks)
iii) Determine the atmospheric pressure at the place of the experiment.
(2 marks)
iv) Sketch in the space below the graph of pressure against reciprocal of pressure for the bubble.
(2 marks)
15. a) Apart from the definitions, distinguish between temperature and heat.
(1 mark)
b) Figure 10(a) below shows variation of volume of water and temperature as water is heated from
0oC to 40oC

Fig. 10(a)
24

P
 i) State the value of P (2
marks)
ii) In figure 10(b) below, sketch the graph of density of water against temperature upto 10oC.
(1 mark)

iii) A heater rated 300W was used to heat the water from 0oC to 40oC. If the heating took 5 minutes
Determine :
I. the heat supplied by the heater.
(3 marks)
II. the heat capacity of the water. (3
marks)
III. the mass of the water (specific heat capacity of water is 4.2KJkg-1k-1)
(3 marks)
16. Figure 11 below shows a cylinder of mass 300g.
4cm

6cm

Kerosene of density 800kgm-3 is poured into the cylinder and the cylinder is made to float on liquid L.
It is found that the cylinder sinks with half its height sunk in liquid L. Kerosene rises in the cylinder to
a height of 5cm.
Determine :
a) the weight of the empty cylinder. (3
marks)
b) the upthrust experienced on the cylinder and its contents. (4 marks)
c) the density of liquid L (3 marks)
17.
a) State what provides centripetal force for an electron moving round the nucleus.
(1 mark)
25
b) Figure 12 below shows a turn table on which a mass of 50g is placed 10cm from the centre.

50g
10 cm

Frictional force between the 50g mass and the turn table is 0.4N. When the turntable is made to rotate
with angular velocity of rads-1 the mass must starts to slide off.
i) Determine the :
I. angular velocity (3
marks)
II. time taken to make one complete revolution (3 marks)
ii) On the figure draw a path that would be taken by the 50g mass if the turntable suddenly came to a stop.
(1 mark)
c) Figure 13 below shows a balloon held under water in a container by a string tied to the bottom of the
container.
c o n ta in e r
b a lo o n
T
w a te r

Explain the change in the value of the tension T, as the water gets heated.
(3 marks)

GEM SUB-COUNTY FORM 4 JOINT EVALUATION

PHYSICS
Paper 1
July/August 2015
MARKING SCHEME
26
1. 1.1 x 20 = 22cm3
New level = 25 + 22
= 47cm mark

47cm

2. Adhesive force
= wt of water in tube = pv
= 2 x 10 x 10-6 x 1000 x 10
= 20N
3. Body moves with decreasing acceleration
4. Has uniform expansion
5. PA + h2p2g = pg + h1p1g
1.02 x 105 + 0.12 x 800 x 10
= Pg + 0.08 x 1800 x 10
102000 + 960 = pg + 15168
pg = 1.014 x 105Pa
6. Because intermolecular forces in gases are weaker than in solids
7. a) A
b) Expands more than B at same temp change hence higher upthrust in A than in B
8. V = 31.42mm3
A = 22/7 x 21 x 21
= 22 x 3 x 21
= 1366mm2
t = V = 31.42 = 2.23 x 10-3mm
A 1386
9. Both are a product of force and distance
10. a) W = 80 + 50
= 130N
b) F1d1 = F2d2
Taking moments about F2

50 x 2 = 130x
x = 100
130
= 0.77m from F2

11. a)
e (c m )

27

Load N
 b) K = F = 30 - 0
e 6-0
= 5Nm-1

12. h4 h2 h1 h4
l
2
13. a) i) T = g

T2 = 42l 0.64 = 4(3.142)2 x 0.5

g g
g = 4(3.142)2 x 0.5 = 30.85Nkg-1
0.64
ii) W = mg
= 50 x 30.85
1000
= 1.54N for the 50g mass
b)
i) I. T - Fr = 0.05a
T - 0.3 x 0.05 x 10 = 0.05a
T - 0.15 = 0.05a
a = T - 0.15
0.05
= 8.8ms-2

ii) v2 - u2 = 2as
v2 - (0)2 = 2 x 8.8 x 0.6
v2 = 10.56
v = 10.56

14. a) Temperature
Mass of gas

b) i) I. 3 x 105Pa (from graph)

II) 1 x 105Pa (from graph)

ii) As bubble rises the total pressure exerted on the bubble reduces since PV is constant, increase
in pressure corresponds to decrease in volume
iii) Atmospheric pressure = pressure at the top of pond
= 1 x 105Pa
V (c m )
iv)

28
-1
1 (P a )
p
 Axes correctly labelled with units
Straight line through the origin
15. a) Temperature is measured in Kelvins while heat is measured in Joules

b) i) 4oC + 273
= 277K

D e n s ity
ii)

4 T e m p e ra tu r e 0

correct shape with maximum at 4oC

iii) I. Q = Pt
= 300 x 5 x 30
= 45000J
II. Q = C
45000 = C(40 - 0)
C = 45000
40
= 1125JK-1
III. e = MC
m = c = 1125 = 0.267kg
c 4200
16. a) W = mg
= 300 x 10
1000
= 3N
b) wt of kerosene = v g
= 3.142 x 2 x 2 x 5 x 10-6 x 800 x 10
= 0.5N

upthrust = 3 + 0.5
= 3.5N
c) upthrust = wt of L displaced
3.5 = v g
3.5 = 3.142 x 2 x 2 x 3 x 10-6 x x 10

= 3.5
3.142 x 2 x 2 x 3 x 10 x 10-6

= 3.5
3.77 x 10-4
29
 = 0.93 x 104
= 9300kgm-3
17. a) Electrostatic force of attraction between the electrons and the nucleus
b) i) I. F = mw2r
w2 = F = 0.4
mr 0.05 x 0.1
w2 = 800
w = 800 = 202 = rads-1

II. T = 2 = 2 x 3.142 = 0.3142

w 202 2
ii) d iv e r tia
r
10 cm

c) The value of T increases

Increase in temperature makes the balloon to expand
This increases the upthrust on the balloon and hence T

30
 KAJIADO COUNTY JOINT EXAMINATION
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education
232/1
PHYSICS
Paper 1
July / August 2015

SECTION A (25 marks)

Answer ALL the questions in the spaces provided.
1. A density bottle was used to measure the density of liquid L and the following were the measurements
taken
- Mass of empty bottle = 26g
- Mass of bottle filled with alcohol (of density 800kig/m) = 66g
- Mass of bottle filled with liquid L - 86g
Find the density of liquid L.
(3 marks)
2. A Spring extends by 0.7cm when a mass of 420g is hang on it on earth. By what length would the
spring extend if the same set up was taken to the moon where the gravitational intensity is one-sixth of
that one earth.
Take gravitational field intensity on surface of Earth g, 10N/kg
(3 marks)
3. A candle is lit and placed on a level bench. State and explain the changes in the stability on the candle
as it continues to burn.
(2 marks)
4. Two table tennis balls are at the same level while suspended from threads a short distance apart. A
steam of air is blown between the balls in a horizontal direction. State and explain the observation
made. (2 marks)
5. A car of mass 800kg moves on a circular track of radius 20m. The force of friction between the tyres
and the tarmac is 4800N. Determine the maximum speed at which the car can be driven on the track
without skidding. (3 marks)
6. The diagram below shows a rectangular wire with loose thread tied in it and dipped in a soap solution
to form a film.
W ire

T h re a d

Fig 1.0 Y x

S o a p film

Draw a diagram showing what will be observed when the film is broken at points X and Y.
(1 mark)
7. Explain why a glass container with thick glass walls is more likely to crack than one with a thin wall
when very hot liquid is poured on to them.
(2 marks)
8. On the axes providedV in the figure 2.0 below. Sketch a graph of velocity (V) against time (t) for
uniformly accelerated motion given that when t = 0, V is greater than zero.
( m / s ) (1 mark)

31

t(s )
 Fig 2.0

9. A uniform rod of length 4m and mass of 4kg is pivoted at 3.6m mark. The rod is held horizontal with
a vertical rope at the 4m mark, as shown in the figure 3.0 below.
0m 4m
Fig 3.0 3 .6 m

ro p e
T e n s io n .T

Calculate the tension, T in the rope (Take g = 10N/kg)

(3 marks)
10. When graphite particles are suspended in water and observed through a microscope, they are seen to
move in a random motion. Explain.
(1 mark)
11. Explain why a glass of water cools more when ice at 0C is added to it than when equal mass of water
at 0C is added to it.
(1 mark)
12. Explain why it is necessary to add a little flour to the water when boiling it to cook ugali.
(1 mark)
13. A plane is inclined against a wall as shown in the figure 4.0 below.

Fig 4.0 60
W a ll In c lin e d p la n e

Calculate the Velocity Ratio of the inclined plane.

(2 marks)

SECTION B (55 marks)

Answer all questions in this section
14. a) Explain why it is advisable to use a pressure cooker for cooking at high altitudes.
(2 marks)
b) Water of mass 6kg initially at 25C is heated in an electric kettle rated 6.0Kw. The water is heated
until it boils at 100C.
(Take specific heat capacity of water 4200Jkg-1k-1, heat capacity of the kettle 450J/k, specific latent
heat of vaporisation of water = 2.3 106 J/kg)
Determine
i) Heat absorbed by the water. (2

32
 marks)
ii) Heat absorbed by the electric kettle.
(2 marks)
iii) Time taken for the water to boil.
(3 marks)
iv) How much longer it will take to boil away all the water?
(3 marks)
15. A student performed an experiment to study the relationship between pressure and volume of a gas
enclosed in a vessel. Temperature was kept constant throughout the experiment. The results obtained
were plotted and the graph below obtained.
10
5
P re s s u r e P (p a |)x 1 0

6
Fig 5.0
4

2 4 6 8 10 -3
V o lu m e ( 1 /v ) c m

a) State the law of the student was investigating.

(1 mark)
b) Given that p = R use your graph to obtain R.
(3 marks)
V
c) A small metal sphere is released to fall through a long column of water held in a vertical tube.
Explain why the sphere finally acquires a steady velocity.
(2 marks)
d) A target of mass 1.05kg hangs from a tree by a long light string. An arrow of mass 100g is shot
towards the target with a velocity of 10m/s and embeds itself in the target.
Determine:
i) the velocity of the target and the arrow just after collision.
(2 marks)
ii) the maximum height reached by the target after the impact.
(3 marks)
16. a) State the law of floatation. (1 mark)
b) A rectangular block of cross-sectional area 0.08m is immersed in a liquid of density 1200kg/m.
The top and the lower
surfaces are 80cm and 200cm below the surface of the liquid respectively.
i) What is the downward force on the top of the block?
(3 marks)

ii) Calculate the upthrust on the block.

(3 marks)
33
 c) A block of glass of mass 0.25kg floats in mercury of density 1.36 104kg/m. What volume of the
glass lies under the surface of mercury?
(3 marks)
d) The weight of cube in air is 0.25N. When immersed in water, it weighs 0.44N and when in oil
weighs 0.46N. Calculate the relative density of the oil.
(3 marks)
17. a) State Newton's first law of motion.
(1 mark)
b) A bus of mass 5,000kg and a car of mass 1200kg are both travelling on a dual carriage way at the
same velocity. If both
drivers apply the same breaking force. State with reason which one will come to stop first.
(2 marks)
c) A driver driving a car of mass 1200kg at a constant speed of 72km/h is flagged down by a traffic
police officer 145m
away. It takes him 2 seconds to react to the police signal and brings the car to rest by applying a
constant breaking force in 10 seconds. Determine.
i) The minimum stopping distance.
(3 marks)
ii) State whether it will hit the traffic police officer or not.
(1 mark)
18. a) The figure 6.0 below represents a hydraulic brake.
Foot B r a k e flu id
pedal

Fig 6.0

M a s te r c y lin d e r
S la v e p is to n

A force of 20N is applied on the foot pedal connected to a piston of area 0.0005m and this causes a
stopping force of 5000N. Calculate
i) The pressure in the master cylinder.
(3 marks)
ii) The area of the slave piston. (3
marks)
iii) The velocity ratio
(3 marks)
b) A box of mass 500g has dimension 10m 5m 3m. Determine the maximum pressure exerted by the
box on a flat surface. (Take g = 10N/kg)
(3 marks)

34
KAJIADO COUNTY JOINT EXAMINATION
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education
PHYSICS
Paper - 232/1
July/August - 2015
MARKING SCHEME
SECTION A 40 g
50cm
1. Vol of d-bottle 0.8 g / cm

86 26 g 1.2 gcm 3
d of liquid L
50cm

4.2 N
2. F = k.e. k
0.7cm
k 6 N / cm

1 420

10
6 1000
On the moon, F = ke
F 0.7 N

0.7N = 6N/cm e
e = 0.7N = 0.117cm
6N/cm
3.- Candle becomes more stable 1
C.O.g is lowered 1
4. The tennis balls move closer to each other. 1
Velocity of air between the balls increases hence reduce pressure. 1
MV
5. F
r
Fr
V
m
4800 20

800
10.95ms 1
6. P e rfe c t C u rv e

V
7. Glass is a poor conductor of heat. 1
Unequal expansion makes the glass to break. 1

8.
35
9. Clockwise moments = Anticlockwise moments. 1

W 1.6 = T 0.4

40 1.6 = T 0.4 1

T = 40 1.6 = 160N 1
0.4
10. The graphite particle are hit by the unseen water molecules which are in random motion. 1
11. Ice requires latent to melt it, but water at 0C does not require the latent heat 1
12. The flour acts as an impurity hence raises the boiling point of the water. 1
13. V.R. = 1 = 2 1
Sin 30

SECTION B
14. a) At high altitude, pressure is 1 low, so boiling point is low. The pressure cooker increases
pressure inside it which
raises the boiling point. 1
b) i) Q = MCt 1
= 6 4200 75
= 1890000 J 1
ii) Q = C
= 450 75 1
= 337500 J 1
iii) Pt = MCW + C 1
6000t = (6 420075) + (45075) 1
6000t = 1923750

t = 1923750 = 320.625 seconds 1

6000
iv) MLV = pt 1
6 2.3 106 = 6000t 1

t = 6 2.3 106 = 2.3 10 seconds 1

6000
15. a) Pressure of a fixed mass a gas is inversely proportional to its volume provided the temperature is
kept constant. 1

b) R = slope 1
36
 (10 0) 105
1.0 106
(10 0)

c) As the sphere accelerates down the column, the viscous drag on its increases 1 . Finally the
sum of upthrust and
viscous drag equals the weight of the sphere. The net force on the sphere is zero 1
d) i) m1v1 = m2v2 = V(m1 + m2) 1
(0.1 10) + 0 = V(0.1 + 1.5)
V = 0.625 ms-1 1
ii) P.E = K. E
10h = 0.625 1
h = 0.039m (or 3.9cm) 1
16. a) A floating body displaces its own weight of the fluid in which it is floating. 1
b) i) Pressure at the top of block
=h g
= 1200 0.8 10
= 9600 Pa 1
Force on the top of block
= PA
= 9600 0.08
= 768 N 1

ii)U = v g 1
= 1200 (0.08 1.2) 10 1
= 1152 N 1
OR
Fbottom - Ftop = U
= 1920 - 768
= 1152N
c) U = vg 1
2.5 = 13600 v 10 1
v= 2.5 = 1.84 10-5m
13600 10

d) R.D = Uoil = 0.06 = 1.5 1

Uwater 0.04

17. a) A body remains in a state of rest or uniform motion in a straight line unless acted upon by an
external force. 1
b) The car stops first. 1
Car has a lower momentum compared to the bus. 1
c) U = 20ms-1 V = 0 ms-1 t = 10s
i) a = v - u = -20
t 10

a = -2ms-2
V = U + 2as 1
0 = 20 + (2x - 2 s)
37
 - 400 = -4s
s = 100m 1
ii) The policeman will not be hit (car stops 145 - 100)m away from policeman. 1
F 20
18. a) i) P 4.0 10 4 N / m
A 0.0005

F F 5000
ii) P A 0.125m
A P 4 10 4

iii) R 2 0.125
V .R 250
r 2
0.0005
b) W = 5N
Smallest area of box = (5 3)m
F
P
A
5N
P 0.33 Nm 2
15m 2

38
KENYENYA DISTRICT JOINT EVALUATION TESTS (KDJET)
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education
232/1
PHYSICS
Paper 1
July/August 2015
SECTION A (25 marks)
Answer ALL the questions in the spaces provided.

1. Figure 1 shows a section of a vernier calliper scale.

IN S ID E
JAW S

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Fig 1 O U T S ID E
JAW S

State the reading of the diameter being measured.

(1 mark)
2. A man has 2m of concrete delivered to his home and he needed to carry it down in a wheel barrow. If
each barrow load weighs 2500N, how many trips will he have to make?
(2 marks)
(Density of concrete = 3000kgm-3)
3. Figure 2 shows an instrument used to measure atmospheric pressure.

Vacuum

Fig 2

a) Name the instrument. (1 mark)

b) Name the liquid marked L. (1 mark)
4. A motor car is uniformly retarded and brought to rest from a speed of 108 km/h in 15 sec. Find its
acceleration. (2 marks)
5. Figure 3 shows two spheres made of wax each of mass 0.10kg held in a liquid by strings A and B.

L iq u id

Fig 3 A
w a x S p h e re

B 39
 If the upthrust on each sphere is 1.05N, determine the tension in each string. (g = 10ms-2)
(2 marks)
6. Fig 4 shows a ball being whirled in a vertical plane
B a ll
s t r in g

Fig 4
W

Sketch on the figure the path followed by the ball if the string cuts when the ball is in the position
shown in the figure.
(1 mark)
7. A girl blew air along the horizontal plane below the paper as shown in figure 5.

Fig 5 B lo c k s o f w o o d P aper

State and explain what would be observed.

(2 marks)
8. Fig 6 shows a uniform metre rule pivoted at the 30cm mark. It is balanced by a weight of 2N
suspended at the 5cm mark.
Fig 6 5cm 30cm

2N

Determine the weight of the metre rule.

(2 marks)
9. Fig 7 shows a brick placed on a plane inclined at an angle to the horizontal. The weight W of the
brick is shown.

Fig 7

a) On the same diagram show with arrows the other two forces acting on the brick and name them
40
 (1 mark)
b) State how each of the two forces named in (a) above is affected when angle is reduced.
(1 mark)
10. Fig 8 shows a flask filled with water. The flask is fitted with a cork through which a tube is inserted.
When the flask is cooled, the water level rises slightly, then falls steadily.
Tu b e

C o rk

F la s k

W a te r

Fig 8
Explain this observation. (2
marks)
11. Fig 9 shows the use of pulleys in holding a cable taut.
x

Fig 9 C a b le

a) What is the purpose of pulley X?

(1 mark)
b) How do the pulleys used serve the purpose of the arrangement?
(2 marks)

12. On the set of axes below show how the volume of an ideal gas varies with pressure.
(1 mark)
V o lu m e

Fig 10

p re s s u re

13. The three springs shown in Fig 11 are identical and have negligible weight. The extension produced
on the system of springs is 20cm

Fig 11
20N

41
20N
 Determine the constant on each spring.
(2 marks)
14. Figure 12 shows an athlete lifting weights while standing with the feet apart.

Fig 12

Explain why standing with the feet apart improves the athlete's stability.
(1 mark)

SECTION B : 55 marks
15. State the law of floatation.
(1 mark)
b) Figure 13 shows a piece of cork held with a light thread attached to the bottom of a beaker. The
beaker is filled with
water.
W a te r

Fig 13 C o rk
S t r in g

i) Indicate and label on the diagram the forces acting on the cork.
(3 marks)
ii) Write an expression showing the relationship between the forces.
(1 mark)
c) A solid displaces 8.5cm of liquid when floating on a certain liquid and 11.5cm when fully
submerged with liquid. The
density of solid in 0.8g/cm, determine:-
i) Upthrust on the solid when floating. (3
marks)
ii) Density of the liquid. (2
marks)
16. a) Carbon dioxide is used to make fizzy drinks. It is stored in high pressure in cast iron cylinder.
Figure 14 represents the
particles in a cylinder of carbon dioxide.

Fig 14

42
 i) Describe how particles of carbon dioxide exert pressure.
(3 marks)
ii) The temperature of the gas in the cylinder is increased.
I. What effect does this have on the movement of the carbon dioxide particles?
(1 mark)
II. Explain how this affects the pressure exerted by the g as.
(1 mark)
III. The gas cylinder are painted black. Explain why gas cylinder should not be stored outside
in the direct sunlight.
(2 marks)
b) A weather balloon contains 100m of helium when atmospheric pressure is 90Kpa. If the
atmosphere pressure changes to
100Kpa, calculate the new volume.
(3 marks)
c) A boy wants to rescue someone who has fallen through ice pond. Would it be safe to walk or crawl
across the ice towards
him? Explain. (2
marks)
17. The speed of a train, hauled by a locomotive varies as shown below as it travels between two stations
along a straight
horizontal track.

25 B
A
-1

20
S p e e d /m s

15
Fig 15
10

5
C
O
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
T im e /M in u te s

a) Use the graph to determine:

i) the maximum speed of the train.
(1 mark)
ii) The acceleration of the train during the first 2mins of the journey.
(2 marks)
iii) The time during which the train is slowing down.
(2 marks)
iv) The total distance, in metres, between the two stations.
(4 marks)
v) The average speed in ms-1 of the train.
(3 marks)
18. a) Define specific latent heat of vaporization.
(1 mark)
b) In an experiment to determine the specific latent heat of vaporization of a liquid using an electrical
method, the amount
of heat, Q, required to vapourise a given mass, m, of a liquid were recorded as shown in table.
Q(J)
10 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0
M(kg)1
0-
4.0 6.4 8.8 11.2 13.6 16.0

i) On the grid provided plot a graph of Q(y - axis) against m.

43
 (5 marks)
ii) From the graph, determine the specific latent heat of vaporization of the liquid.
(3 marks)
iii) Suggest a reason why the graph does not pass through the origin.
(1 mark)
iv) Write a possible equation of this graph.
(1 mark)
c) Calculate the amount of heat required to melt 30g of ice that 0C.
(Latent heat of fusion of ice is 3.34 105 jKg-1)
Give your answer correct to two decimal places.
(3 marks)
19. a) Define the angular velocity. (1 mark)
b) The figure 16 shows an object of mass 0.2kg whirled in a vertical circle of radius 0.5m at uniform
speed of 5m/s.
A

Fig 16
B D

Determine the tension in the string at

i) Position A. (3
marks)
ii) Position B (3
marks)

iii) At what point is the string likely to cut. Explain.

(2 marks)

44
KENYENYA DISTRICT JOINT EVALUATION TESTS (KDJET)
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education
PHYSICS
Paper - 232/1
July/August - 2015
MARKING SCHEME

1. Diameter 2.1 + 5 0.01 = 2.15cm 1

correct unit

2. Mass = v = 3000 2 = 6000kg

Weight = mg = 6000 10 = 60000N

Trips = 60,000 1 = 24 1
2500
3. a) Barometer ;
b) Mercury ;
4. Vel = 108 1000 = 30ms-1
3600
U = 30ms-1; v = 0ms-1, t = 15 sec.
V = u + at
o = 30 + a 15 1
a = -2ms-2 1
(penalise any other formula not used )

5. Tension in A TA = UA - mg
= 1.05 - 1.0N = 0.05N
Tension in B TB
= tension due to A + tension due to B
= 0.05 + 0.05
= 0.10N
B a ll
s t r in g
6.

H ig h p re s s u r e
7.

lo w
P re s s u re
8. C.M = A.C.M
45
 20 25
W 2
100 100
W 2.5 N
R F
9.

a) R - Reaction force ar to surface

F - Friction force // to surface
b) When reduces, R increases (approaching W) and F reduces
10. When the flask is cooled it contract / volume reduces but due to poor conductivity of glass as both
cooled the contraction of water is greater than that of glass.
11. a) It changes the direction of force.
b) Pulleys allow the length of the cable to change with temperature while preventing sagging and
maintaining constant
tension.

Vol

S m o o t h e x p o n e n tia l c u r v e

P
V o lu m e

12.

P re s s u re

F K .e
13.
F
K
e
20 N
2 N / cm
10cm

14. Standing with feet apart increases stability by lowering COG (increases base area) 1

46
15. a) A floating body displaces its own weight of the fluid in which it floats 1

b) i) U p th ru s t

W e ig h t m g
T e n s io n T

ii) U = mg + T
c) i) Upthrust
= weight of solid
= vg
=800 kg/m(1.15 10-6)m10N/kg
= 0.092
ii) Weight of liquid displaced = upthrust
vg = 0.092
0.092
6
= (8.5 10 ) 10

= 1000kg/m
16.
The particles are in continuous motion. They strike the walls of the container and get a change in momentum
The rate of change in momentum produces force on the walls.
The force acts on cross-sectional area and produce pressure on the walls.
Particle move faster.
The rate of change in momentum (force) is increased hence pressure increases
Dull surfaces are good absorbers of heat. The cylinders may absorb a lot of heat and even explode.

b) V1 100cm3 P1V1 P2V2

P1 90 Kpa P1V1 90 100
V2
P2 100 Kpa P2 100
V2 ? 90cm
c) Crawl : - The area of the boy in contact would be greater hence less pressure will be exerted when
crawling.
17.
i) Maximum speed = 24ms-1
ii) v = u + at
t = 2 60 sec = 120Sec
U = 0ms-1 0.092
V = 24ms-1 (8.5 10 6 ) 10
24 = 0 + a 120 1
a = 24 = 0.2ms-2
120
iii) 3 min or 3 60 = 180 sec. 1
iv) Distance
= area under the graph 1
= (5 60 + 10 60) 24 1
= 900 24
47
 2
= 10800 m 1
v) Average speed
= total distance 1
total time
= 10800 1
60 10
= 18ms-1 1
18. a) Heat required to convert a unit mass of a substance at its boiling point into vapour.
b) i) Appropriate scale 1
- Labelling axes 1
- Straight line 1
- Plotting of points 5 - 6 2
3 - 4 1
(8 3) 10 3
Gradient
ii) (16 4) 10 3
(4.16 to 4.2) 10 5 Jkg 1 (unit mark )
iii) Heat losses / energy losses.
iv) Heat Q = mL + h (h-heat lost)
c) Heat required
= mL
= 0.03 3.34 105J
= 1.00 104J or 1.002 104J
19. Rate of change of angular displacement with time

b) i) MV 2
TA mg
r
0 .2 5 5
2
0 .5
8N

mv 2
TB
ii) r
0.2 25

0.5
10 N

c) At c1 where tension in maximum

48
KERICHO SUB-COUNTY JOINT EVALUATION 2015
kenya certificate of secondary education
232/1
PHYSICS
PAPER 1
(THEORY)
TIME: 2 HRS
1. Figure 1 shows a burette containing some liquid after 8g of the liquid was drained out. If the level of
the liquid was initially at 10cm3 mark, determine the density of the liquid. (2 marks)

2. State one advantage of alcohol thermometer over mercury thermometer.

(1 mark)
3. In an experiment to demonstrate Brownian motion, smoke was placed in an air cell and observed
under a microscope. State and explain the nature of the observed motion of the smoke particles.
(2 marks)
4. The figure 2 below shows a uniform rule AB of length 1.0m and weight 1.2N. The system is in
equilibrium.
30cm 40cm
A B

X 180g

Fig 2
Determine the weight of X.
(3marks)
5. The figure 3 below shows a solid cone standing on a horizontal surface. The cone is in unstable
equilibrium.

Fig 3
On the horizontal space provided, sketch the cone in neutral equilibrium.
(1 mark)
49
6. The sketches in figure 4 shows the variation of extension with force for springs A and B.
A

E x t e n s io n ( m )
B

O
F o rc e (N )

Given that the spring A and B are of equal lengths, state any two factors that can be used to explain the
difference in the graphs.
(2 marks)
7. The figure 4 below shows water drops on two surfaces. In (a) the glass surface is smeared with wax
while in (b) the glass surface is clean.
W a te r d ro p s
S m e a re d w a x C le a n g la s s

(a ) (b )
Fig 4
Explain the difference in shapes of the drops.
(2 marks)
8. An external force applied to a ball of mass 160g increases its velocity from 25cm/s to 275cm/s in 10
seconds. Calculate the force applied.
(3 marks)
9. The figure 5 below shows a model of a spray gun. When air is blown in the direction shown, a spray is
observed. Explain this observation.
(2 marks)
A ir b lo w n S p ra y
Tube

W a te r

Fig 5

10. A wooden bench and a metal bench are both left in the sun for a long time. Explain why the metal
bench feels hotter to touch.
(2 marks)
11. The figure 6 below shows a metal sphere of mass 2kg moving along a smooth horizontal surface PQ,
with a steady speed of 4ms-1. R S

S p h e re 0 .4 m

P Q 50
 Fig 6
a) Explain why the speed of the sphere decreases as it moves up along QR. (1 mark)
-1
b) If the sphere reaches R with a speed of 1.0ms , calculate the change in its K.E from Q to R.
(2 marks)
12. A column of glycerine 8.20m high, a column of sea water 10.08m high, column of mercury 0.76m
high and a column of fresh water 10.34m high exert the same pressure at the bottom of the container.
Given that the pressure exerted by a fluid is given by P = h g, arrange these liquid in decreasing order
of their densities. (2 marks)

SECTION B (55 MARKS)

13. a) State two factors on which the linear speed of a body moving in a circular motion depends on.
(2 marks)
b) Explain why bodies is circular motion undergo acceleration even when their speed is constant.
(1 mark)
c) A motorcycle is travelling at a constant speed of 72kmh-1 around a circular track of radius 150m.
i) Determine its centripetal acceleration.
(2 marks)
ii) How long does the cyclist take to complete one full cycle of the track?
(2 marks)
d) A person of mass 50kg is on a swing which has a speed of 10ms-1 at the lowest point of its motion.
The ropes of the swing are 2.5m long, Find the tension of the ropes. (Take g = 10ms-2)
(3 marks)
14. a) Explain why objects float higher in salty water than in fresh water.
(2 marks)
b) In an experiment to determine the density of a liquid, a uniform metal cylinder of cross-sectional
area 6.2cm2 and length 4.5cm was hang from a spring balance and lowered gradually into the liquid.
The upthrust was determined for various submerged lengths. The results obtained are shown on the
graph in the figure.

0 .4

0 .3
U p th ru s t (N )

0 .2

0 .1

1 .0 2 .0 3 .0 4 .0 5 .0
S u b m e r g e d le n g th ( c m )

Using the graph, determine:

i) the value of the upthrust when the cylinder is fully submerged.
(2 marks)
ii) the density of the liquid.
(2 marks)
c) The mass of the fabric of a large balloon is 100kg. The balloon is inflated with 200cm3 of helium. The
51
 balloon is attached to a cable fixed to the ground as shown. (Density of air and helium are 1.25kg/m3
and 0.2kg/m3 respectively)

B a llo o n

i) Indicate all the forces acting on the system.

(1 mark)
ii) If the system is at equilibrium, write an equation relating the three forces in (i) above.
(2 marks)
iii) Calculate the upthrust on the balloon. (3
marks)
15. a) A ball is thrown vertically upwards from the ground. It rises up to the highest point and then
returns to the ground.Taking
the upward velocity to be positive, sketch the velocity -time graph for the motion.
(3 marks)
b) A bullet is fired from a gun at a velocity of 10m/s. It strikes the tree, perpendicularly and
penetrates deeply. If it stops just
as it emerges through the other side of the tree,
i) Calculate the average retardation if the tree is 2m thick.
(3 marks)
ii) Time taken by the bullet in the tree. (3
marks)
c) The figure (a) below shows a distance -time graph of a motion of a body.
In the figure (b), sketch the corresponding velocity-time graph for the same motion.
(1 mark)

D is ta n c e V e lo c it y

T im e T im e
F ig ( b )
F ig ( a )
30
T e m p (C )

16. a) Define the term specific heat capacity of a substance.

(1 mark)
b) An immersion
20
heater rated at 180W is placed in a liquid of mass 2kg. When the heater is switched
on for 7.5 minutes and
the temperature of the liquid rises by 40C. Determine the specific heat capacity of the liquid.
(3 marks)
10
c) The graph below shows how temperature of a 40kg of a substance varied with time as it was
heated steadily by electrical
means. The
0 heating coil carried a current of 16A at a potential difference of T i m e ( m 22V.
in )

-1 0
52

-2 0
 i) What is happening to the substance at AB?
(1 mark)
ii) Determine the specific heat capacity of the substance in solid state.
(2 marks)
iii) Determine the latent heat of fusion of the substance .
(2 marks)
d) Give a reason why the hand feels cold if a little ether is poured on it.
(1 mark)
e) A 200g mass of copper was heated to 100C and then transferred to a lagged copper calorimeter of
mass 5g containing
125g of water at 30C. Calculate the final temperature of water. (Specific heat capacity of copper
= 400J/KgK, water =
4200J/KgK) (3
marks)
17. a) The figure below shows a pulley system being used to raise a load.

2 0 0N

50 0N

Given that the size of the load is 500N and the effort applied is 200N, calculate the efficiency of
the machine.(3 marks)
b) A pendulum bob is raised to a height of 60cm above its lowest point and made to swing as shown
in the figure.

53
60cm
 Determine the velocity of the mass at the height where kinetic energy is equal to the potential
energy. (3 marks)
e) Jacky whose mass is 75kg runs up a flight of stairs each 12cm high in 12 seconds. Given that the
acceleration due to
gravity is 10ms-2, calculate the power he develops.
(2 marks)
d) Explain why a body moving in horizontal circular motion does not work.
(2 marks)

54
 KERICHO SUB-COUNTY JOINT EVALUATION 2015
Kenya certificate of secondary education
MARKING SCHEME
PHYSICS (232/1)
1. d = m/v
v = (20 - 10)cm3 = 10cm3
d= 8/10
= 0.8g/cm3
2. Alcohol measures as low temperatures as -115C while mercury is on -39C.
3. -Continuous random motion
- air particles move in continous random motion colliding with the smoke particles.
4. Clockwise moments = anticlockwise moments
1.8 x 40 = (1.2 x 10) + (x x 30)
72 - 12 = 30x
x = 60/30
= 2N
5.

i) Different diameter of coils

ii) Different materials of wires
7. In (a) cohesive force of water is stronger than adhesive force while in (b) adhesive force between glass
and water is stronger than cohesive force of water.
8. F = ma
a = 2.75 - 0.25
10
= 0.25m/s2
F = 0.16 x 0.25
= 0.04N
9. Fast moving air at the top of tube reduces the pressure. The atmospheric pressure which is greater than
the reduced pressure causes the water to rise up the tube.
10. Metals absorbs more heat energy than wood.
11. a) i) Frictional force as it hits the hill.
ii) Momentum force is used to raise the potential energy of the sphere by 0.4m vertically
upwards.
b) Change in energy = Mgh
= 2 x 10 x 0.4 = 8j
12. Mercury, glycerine, sea water, fresh water
2mks for correct order. No mark for wrong order.
13. a) -angular velocity
- radius of the path/distances of objects from centre of rotation.
b) Direction changes constantly hence velocity changes.
c) i) a = V2 = 20 x 20
r 150
= 2.667m/s2
ii) t = distance
speed
= 2 x 150
20
= 47.12 seconds

55
 d) let T = tension in the rope
W = 500N
Net force = T - 500
T - 500 = mv2
r
T = 50 x (10m/s)2 + 500
2.5
= 2500N
14. a) Salty water is denser than fresh water hence offering high upthrust force.
b) i) Upthrust (from graph) = 0.49N
Mass of liquid displaced M
= 0.049kg = 49g
Volume of liquid displaced,
V = 6.2 x 4.5
= 27.9cm3
Density = m/v = 49/27.9
= 1.756g/cm3
c) i) U p th ru s t

W e ig h t

T e n s io n f o r c e

ii) Upthrust = weight + Tension force

iii) U = Vg = 1.25 x 200 x 10 = 2500N
15. a)
V (m /s ) 1
t(s )

b) i) V2 - u2 = 2as 1
a2 = -25m/s2 1
Retardation = 25m/s21
ii) t = V - U 1
a
= 0.4s 1
c)

V e lo c it y
1

T im e

16. a) It is the quantity of heat energy required to raise the temperature of a unit mass of substance by 1C
or 1 Kelvin.
b) Q = McT
56
 c= Q = 180 x 7.5 x 60
MT 2 x 40
= 1012.5J/Kg/k
c) I = 16A
V = 22V
i) Melting
ii) T = 25K
c= Q
MDT
= Power x t
40 x 25
= 16 x 22 x 10 x 60
40 x 25
= 211.2 Jkg-1k-1
d) ether absorb heat from hand
e) MC = 200g
Let final temperature be T
Change in temperature of copper = (100 -T)
Change in temperature of calorimeter and water = (T - 30)
Heat lost = Heat gained
0.2 x 400 x (100 -T) = 0.015 x 400 x (T - 30) + 0.125 x 4200 x (T - 30)
80 (100 - T) = 6T - 180 + 525T - 15750 - 80T - 6T - 525T = -180 - 15750 - 8000
611T = 23930
T = 23930
611
= 39.165C
17. a) Eff = M.A x 100% = 500 VR
V.R 200
= 2.5 x 100% = 62.5%
4
b) K.E = P.E at 60 = 30cm Mgh
2
Mgh = 0.3 x 10 x 6 = 18J
K. E = mv2
18 = x 6 x V2
V2 = 18
3
V = 6 =
c) Power = W = f x d = 750 x 12 x 5
t t 12
= 37.5 watts
d) Work = distance x force but in horizontal circular motion distance /displacement = 0.
W = 0 x force = 0

57
NYAKACH SUB-COUNTY JOINT EXAMINATION
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education
232/1
PHYSICS
Paper 1
July / August 2015

SECTION A (25 marks)

Answer ALL the questions in the spaces provided.
1. Figure 1 shows the reading on a burette after 55 drops of a liquid have been used.

Fig 1

If the initial reading was at 0cm mark, determine the volume of one drop of the liquid in SI units.
(2 marks)
2. A small drop of oil has a volume of 5 10-8 m. When it is put on the surface of some clean water, it
forms a circular film of 0.1m in area; what is the size the a molecule oil.
(2 marks)
3. State how a lubricant reduces friction in the bearing of moving part of a machine.
(1 mark)
4. Figure 2 below shows a thin thread tied on the surface of water in trough.

Fig 2
P
A

When small drops of soapy water was dropped at point P, the thread curved towards side B. Explain?
(2 marks)
5. Two identical springs of spring constant 3N/cm are used to support a load of 30N as shown in figure
3. Determine the extension of each spring.
(3 marks)

Fig 3

58
6. State the modification introduced in the modern buses so as to enhance stability.
(1 mark)
7. On a certain day when the temperature is 37C, the pressure in an open gas jar is 640mm of mercury.
The jar is then sealed and cooled to the temperature of 17C. Calculate the final pressure.
(3 marks)
8. Two table Tennis balls are in the same level while suspended from threads a short distance apart. A
stream of air is blown between the balls in a horizontal direction. Explain what happens to the balls.
(2 marks)
9. a) Define force from Newton's laws.
(1 mark)
b) Calculate force acting on a person of mass 50kg who is jumping from a height of 5m and on
landing he is brought to rest
in one tenth of a second.
(2 marks)
10. When a Bunsen Burner is lit below a wire, it is noted that the flame initially burns below the gauze as
shown in figure 4(i), after sometime, the flame burns below as well as above the gauze as shown in
figure 4(ii)
(i) (ii)
Fig 4

Explain this observation. (2

marks) -1
11. A car of mass 800g is initially moving at 25ms . Calculate the force needed to bring the car to rest
over a distance of 20m.
(3 marks)
12. A screw advances 1mm when the screw is turned through two revolutions. What is the pitch of the
screw? (1 mark)

SECTION B - 55 marks
13. a) Define the specific latent heat of fusion of a solid.
(1 mark)
b) An electric kettle with a 2.0kw heating element has a heat capacity of 400jk-1. 1.0kg of water at
20C is placed in the
kettle. The kettle is switches on and it is found that 13 minutes later the mass of water in it is
0.5kg. Ignoring heat losses ; calculate
i) Total heat supplied. (2
marks)
ii) Heat used for the kettle.
(2 marks)
iii) Heat used to raise temperature of 1kg of water from 20C to 100C.
(2 marks)
iv) Heat to change water at 100C to steam at 100C.
(2 marks)
v) The specific latent heat of vaporisation of water.
(2 marks)
14. a) Figure 5 below shows height - time graph for a pendulum of 120g swinging on a thread 1.0m long.

20cm

Fig 5

0 T im e
59
 i) Determine the maximum velocity during the swing.
(2 marks)
ii) Use the information to explain the principle of conservation of energy.
(2 marks)
b) Figure 6 below shows a block of 5kg pulled up with a force of 30N through an inclined plane at
30
B
Fig 6

30
A C

If the surface has a co-efficient of 0.4m find:

i) Frictional force.
(3 marks)
ii) Acceleration of the block.
(2 marks)
iii) Given that the distances AB = l and BC = h, show that the velocity ratio of the incline is equal to
2.0. (3 marks)
15. a) State the law of floatation.
(1 mark)
b) You are provided with the following
- Test-tube
- Some sand
- Spatula
- Measuring cylinder with water
- Spring balance
Using diagrams describe an experiment to verify law of floatation.
(5 marks)
c) Figure 7 below shows a set up for a demonstration to determine density of oil.

Fig 7 X y
50cm 90 100

beaker

s p h e r ic a l
50g b a ll

During the experiment, the distance Y = 40cm and maintained. It was observed that when the sphere
was suspended in empty beaker the distance x = 20cm
When the sphere was submerged in oil in the beaker the distance x = 16.0cm
(Volume of sphere = 160cm)
Determine:
i) Weight of sphere in air.
(2 marks)
ii) Density of oil (2
marks)
16. a) Figure 8 below shows a stone whirled in a horizontal circle.
60
 S to n e
Fig 8

Use the information to distinguish between angular velocity and linear speed of the stone.
(1 mark)
b) Figure 9 below shows a stone of mass 50g whirled using a thread of length 50cm at 5Hz to produce a
cone of base radius 30cm below.

50cm
T h re a d
Fig 9
50g 30cm

i) tension on the thread. (3

marks)
ii) the centripetal force maintaining the frequency of 5Hz.
(2 marks)
iii) the angular velocity of the rotation.
(2 marks)
c) Figure 10 below shows a small mass tied at the end of a thread and whirled to help wind the thread as
a stick.

Fig 10

It was observed that the linear speed of the mass increased as the length of thread reduced. Explain.
(2 marks)
17. Figure 11 shows a defective beam balance with unequal arms. The beam balances with no masses in
the pans X and Y.
100m m 102m m

Fig 11

X Y

61
a) i)Suggest why this could be possible.
(2 marks)
ii) If a mass of 300g is placed in pan Y, Calculate the mass which must be placed in pan X to restore
the balance.(2 marks)
b) An object put on a beam balance gives the same reading no matter where it is on the Earth's surface,
but if it is on a very sensitive spring balance, the reading varies from place. Explain why this is so.
(3 marks)
c) Suppose that an object is attached to a spring balance on the Earth's surface and Earth's speed of
rotation is gradually increased. What effect, if any, will this have on.
i) the gravitational attraction between the object and the Earth.
(2 marks)
ii) the reading of the spring balance.
(3 marks)

NYAKACH SUB COUNTY JOINT EXAMINATION

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education
PHYSICS
62
Paper - 232/1
MARKING SCHEME

1. Volume of 55 drops
= 11.0 - 0.0 = 11.0cm 1
11 .0
Volume of 1 drop = 0.2cm 3
55.0
= 2.0 10-7m 1

2. V = rh v 5 10 8 m 3
h
r 2 0.1m 2
5.0 10 7 m

3. By going between two moving parts so that the parts slid on oil instead of each other. 1
4.- Soapy water lowers surface tension thus breaking it. 1
- The tension on side B pulls the thread towards it. 1
5. Weight on each spring is F Ke
F 15 N
e
k 3 N / cm
e 5cm

6. Luggage/load compartment is put under the seats. 1 OR do not have carriers on top of the Bus. 1

7. P1 P
2
T1 T2
640 P2
ballsmove
8. The310 290 towards each other. 1
Increase
P2 in598
velocity reduces the pressure between the balls hence atmospheric pressure pushes the
.71mmHg
balls towards each other.
9 a) Force acting on an object is the rate of change of its momentum. 1
b) Landing velocity

2 gh 2 10 5 10ms 1
F Momentum change
50 10
1
10

5000 N
10. In fig 4(i), Gauze conducts heat away, temperature above it is lower than the ignition temperature of
the gas.
In fig 4(ii) gauze is hotter than ignition temperature of the gas hence the gas lights.

11. U 25ms 1 , V 0, S 20m, a ?

V 2 U 2 2as
U 2 625
a 15.63ms 2
2S 40
F ma 800kg 15ms 2
1250 N
63
12.
1mm
Pitch 0.5
2 Re v

SECTION B - 55 marks
13. a) The specific latent heat of fusion of a solid is the heat required to convert unit mass of it, at its
melting point, into liquid
at the same temperature 1

b) i) Total heat supplied = 200 13 60 1

= 1.56 106J 1

ii) Heat used for kettle = C

= 400 (100 - 20) 1
= 32000J
= 0.032 106J 1
iii) Heat used to raise temperature of 1kg of water from 20C to 100C
= MC = 1 4200 (100 - 20) 1
= 0.336 106 J 1
iv) Heat to change water at 100C to steam at 100C
=1.56 106 - (0.032 106 + 0.336 106) J 1
= 1.192 106J 1
v) Since mass of water changed to steam
= 1.0 - 0.5 kg then
1.192 106
Lf 2.38 106 Jkg 1
0.5

14. a) i) PE = mgh
PE = K.E
mgh = mv 1

v 2 gh
2 10 10
2

2ms 1

ii) At a height of 20cm the bob has max P.E.

As the height reduces P.E reduces but velocity increases thus K.E also increases. 1 As P.E.
reduces K.E. increases turns there is energy conversion from PE to KE and the sum is constant.
1
64
b) i) Fr = mMg sin 30 1
= 0.4 5 10 0.5
= 10 N 1
ii) 30N - 10N = 5a 1
20
a
5
4ms 2

Effort dis tan ce L

load dis tan ce L Sin
iii) V.R 1 1
2
Sin Sin30
15. a) Floating body displaces its own weight in a fluid it is placed. 1
b)

R 2

R 1

- Pour some water in measuring cylinder and note the level R1

- Using the spatula to float test tube , using sand in water in the measuring cylinder and note the new
level R2
- W1, weight of displaced water.
- Remove test tube wipe and weigh it at content using spring balance, W2
- W2 = W1
c) i) Weight of sphere in air.
40 50
W 20 10
100 100
W 25 N

ii) 50 16 = (250 - m)40

800
250 m
40
20 250 m
m 230
m 230
But D 1.4375 gcm 3
V 100

1 6. a) Angular velocity : Uniform velocity required to maintain the stone in the circular path while linear
speed is the tangential
65
 horizontal speed the stone will move with if the string cuts. 1

b)
4
5

Fc

M g

i)
3
Cos 0.75
4
T mgCos
50
10 0.75
1000
0.375 N

ii) FC = MgSin
50 3
10
1000 5
0.3 N

MV 2 -1 1 = 31.42 rad s-1 1

iii) W = 2f = 10prads
FC
r
c) From ,

reducing length (r) increases centripetal force 1 turns increasing linear speed (V) 1

17.
a) i) The balance pan X has greater mass than balance P and Y 1
OR the beam is not uniform 1

ii)100 x = 300 102 1

x = 300 102
100
= 300g 1
b) The extension of a spring balance depends on gravitational force and this varies over the earth's
surface. 1
With a beam balance the force acting on both arms on equal masses remains the same. 1
c) i) The gravitational attraction will not change and depends only on the mass and its distance from the
centre of the Earth.
ii) The spring balance would read less. 1
With increasing speed of rotation of the Earth, more gravitational force is needed to provide the
66
centripetal force. 1
The object's weight, which is the difference between the total gravitational force and the centripetal
force is therefore less. 1

67
WESTLANDS JOINT EXAMINATION
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education
232/1
PHYSICS
Paper 1
July / August 2015
SECTION A (25 marks)
Answer ALL the questions in the spaces provided.
1. State the smallest measurement that can be made by the micrometer screw gauge.
(1 mark)
2. The diagram below shows a section of a micrometer screw gauge.

45
5 10 15

40

ii) The thimble of the micrometer screw gauge is rotated through two and half revolutions in the
clockwise direction in
order to measure the diameter of a marble. State the diameter of the marble if the instrument had a
negative error of
0.03mm.
(2 marks)
3. State one factor that would affect surface tension of pure water in a beaker of water.
(1 mark)
4. The diagram below shows apparatus used to observe the behaviour of smoke particle in air.

M ic r o s c o p e

T h in g la s s c o v e r

S m o k e a n d a ir L ig h t

i) Why are smoke particles suitable for use in this experiment.

(1 mark)
ii) What does the experiment tell you about the behaviour of the air molecules in the cell?
(1 mark)
iii) What difference if any would be seen in the motion of the smoke particles if a weaker light was
used. (1 mark)
5. In the evening the inside of green houses may be seen to have water droplets on them. Why does this
happen? (1 mark)
6. When a particular substance at a certain temperature is heated, it expands. When the same substance at
the same temperature is cooled, it also expands.
(2 marks)
a) What is the substance?
b) What is the temperature?
7. A block of metal of mass 0.20kg and temperature 100C is placed in water of mass 0.42g and
68
 temperature 21C. If the final temperature of the water is 25C, calculate the specific heat capacity of
the metal. (Neglect heat absorbed by the container, take specific heat capacity of water 4200J/kg k.)
(3 marks)
8. The spring is fitted with a scale pan as shown in the figure below and the pointer points to the 30cm
mark on the scale. When some sand is placed in the pan the pointer points to 15cm mark.

S c a le

When a 20g mass is placed on top of the sand the pointer points to 5.0cm mark.
a) What extension is produced by the sand?
b) What extension is produced by the 20g mass?
c) What is the mass of the sand? (3
marks)
9. Define the term centre of gravity of a body.
(1 mark)
10. A uniform half metre rule is pivoted at the 15cm mark and it balances when a mass of 40g is hung
from the 2cm mark. Calculate the mass of the rule.
(2 marks)
11. A machine of velocity ratio of 50N overcomes a load of 4.5 10 N when the effort of 120W is
applied.
i) Find the efficiency of the machine.
(2 marks)
ii) It is observed that the efficiency of the machine increase when it is used to lift large load. Give a
reason for this
(1 mark)
12. Figure below shows a fluid flowing in a tube.
X Y Z

Show on the diagram the relative position of the levels of the liquid in section marked X, Y Z.
(3 marks)
SECTION B (55 marks)
Answer ALL the questions in this section in spaces provided.
I.
a) The diagram below shows a set up used by a student to show variation of pressure in a liquid. Use it to
answer the question that follow.

T h is tle F u n n e l

69
 State and explain the effect on the height, h, when the thistle funnel is moved upwards towards the
surface of the liquids.
(2 marks)
b) Figure below shows a simple barometer.

A 2cm 2cm

74cm

1cm
1cm

a) What is the region A? (1 mark)

b) What keeps the mercury in the tube? (1 mark)
c) What is the value of the atmospheric pressure being shown by the barometer?
(1 mark)
d) What would happen to the reading if the barometer were taken up a high mountain.
(1 mark)
e) Give a reason for (d) above. (1 mark)
II. a) In opening a door, the moment exerted about the hinges was 15Nm. If the pushing force was 25N
and perpendicular to
the door, what is the distance of the force from the hinges?
(2 marks)
b) A uniform plank of wood is balanced 30cm from one end when a lead of 0.08kg is hung at one end
as shown below.
0 30cm 11 0cm

0 .0 8 K g

Calculate the weight of the plank.

(2 marks)
c) State two factors that affect centre of gravity.
(1 mark)
14. a) Sketch a velocity-time graph of a ball dropped to the ground and caught when it bounces up again.
(2 marks)

70
 b) In areas of the world where a plane is unable to land free fall airdrops can be used to deliver
supplies. A plane travelling
at a speed of 90m/s and a height of 100m releases a load of supplies.
i) Sketch the path followed by the falling load.
(1 mark)
ii) Find the horizontal distance of the load from the drop zone to where it landed.
(3 marks)
c) Define the Newton. (1 mark)
d) The reading on a speedometer of a car of mass 1000kg is 60km/hr when the brakes are applied.
The car is brought to rest
in 10m.
Find
i) the retardation.
(2 marks)
ii) find the average breaking force.
(2 marks)
15.a) The figure below shows the motion of a ticker tape through a ticker-timer whose frequency is
100Hz.

A 12cm B P 32cm Q

Determine:
I. Velocity at AB and PQ
(2 marks)
II. Acceleration of the tape.
(2 marks)
b) Sate two factors that affect centripetal force of a body moving a circular path.
(2 marks)
c) A stone of mass 1.2 kg is tied to a rope and whirled in a vertical circle of radius 3.2m with a speed
of 6.32m/s. Calculate
i) The centripetal acceleration of the stone.
(2 marks)
ii) The tension in the rope when the stone is at the highest point.
(2 marks)
16. a) State the law of floatation.
(1 mark)
b) You are provided with the following
A block of wood.
A spring balance
A thin thread.
Overflow can
A small measuring cylinder.
Some liquid.
With the aid of a labelled diagrams describe an experiment to verify the law of floatation.
(4 marks)
c) A block of length 80cm, cross sectional area 3.0cm and density 1300kg/m is completely immersed
in a liquid of density 1030kg/m. Determine
i) The mass of the block. P
(1 mark)
S te m

ii) The weight of the block in the liquid. (3

marks)
d) The diagram below shows a car acid hydrometer. Q

B u lb

71
L e a d s h o ts
 i) Indicate on the diagram the maximum and minimum measurements to be taken.
(1 mark)
ii) State the reason why the bulb is wide.
(1 mark)
17. a)
i) State Charles law. (1 mark)
ii) A gas of volume 2m at 27C is cooled to -123C, at constant pressure. What is its new volume?
(2 marks)
.
b) P re s s u re G a u g e
S y r in g e

A ir

The figure shown illustrates an apparatus in which a fixed mass of air was compressed in a calibrated
syringe, which was approximately half full of air at atmospheric pressure and a temperature of 17C
corresponding values of volume and pressure of the trapped air as shown in the table.
Pressure (Kpa) 50 60 75 90 105 120

0.0004 0.0002
Volume (cm) 0.00048 0 0.00032 0.00027 0.00023 0

1 2500 3704
Volume
(1 mark)

1
i) Complete the table by calculating values for some of the values have been entered for
you. Volume
1
ii) On grid paper plot a graph of pressure on the y-axis against
Volume on the axis.
(5 marks)
iii) What relationship between pressure and volume of the trapped air can be deducted from your
graph? Explain your
answer.
(1 mark)
iv) If the temperature of air was increased to 27C, what volume would be occupied by the air at a
pressure of 100Kpa?
(1 mark)

72
73
WESTLANDS JOINT EXAMINATION
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education
PHYSICS
Paper - 232/1
MARKING SCHEME

1. 0.01mm 1
2. Reading 17.00
+ 0.41
17.41
After rotation + 2.05
19.46
+ 0.03
19.49 = 19.49 mm 1

3. Temperature 1
4. i) Smoke particles are big enough hence visible 1
ii) Air particles are always in motion colliding amongst themselves and also with smoke particles 1
iii) Smoke particles will not be visible 1
5. Due ot cooling of the air inside green house which leads to condensation 1
6. a) Water 1
b) 4C 1
7. Heat lost by metal = 0.2 C (100 - 21)
Heat gained by H2O = 0.42 4200 (25 - 21)
0.2 C (100 - 21)
0.42 4200 (25 - 21) 1
0.2 C 79 = 0.42 4200 4 1
C = 446.58 J/ kg 1
8. a) (15.0 - 5.0cm) = 10cm
b) (30cm - 15) = 15cm
c) 20g 10cm
? 15cm
20 15 = 30g 1
10
9. It is the point of application of the resultant force due to the earth's attraction on the body.
0 2 15 25 50
10.

40g W

F1d1 = F2d2
40 13 10
10 w
100 100 100

74
 0.4 0.13 = 0.1
= 0.52N mass of metre rule = 52g.
11. A machine of velocity ratio 50 overcomes a load of 4.5 10N. When the efforts is 120N is applied.
i) Find the efficiency of the machine.
4.5 10 3
Ans. M .A 37.5
120
MA
Eff . 100%
VR
37.5
100%
50
75%
ii) As the load increases, weight (pulleys and strings) becomes negligible hence efficiency increases
with load. 1

12.
X Y Z

13. I.a)
Height h decreases / reduces 1
This is because pressure in liquids increase with increase in depth, so when you move up pressure
reduces. 1

b) i) Vacuum 1
ii) Atmospheric pressure 1
iii) 74cm 1
iv) It will reduce / decrease 1
v) At high altitudes atmospheric pressure decrease / low atmosphere pressure.

II.
a) Moment = force applied perpendicular distance.
15Nm = 25 N d 1
15Nm = d
25N
0.6m = d 1
b) at equilibrium
clockwise moments = anticlockwise moments
30 25
0.8 or w
100 100
24 Nm 25
24 Nm
w
25m
0.96 N w 75
 (should be in Newtons)
c) Base area / base weight 1
- Height of the object 1 any 1

SECTION B
14. a)
V e lo c it y

T im e

Labelling 1 mark
Shape 1 Mark

b) 9 0 m /s

100m

1 mark
R

S 1
gt 2 R ut
2
90 4.47
100 1
2
10 t
402.5m
200 10t
t 4.47 sec s

c) The force that gives a mass of 1kg an acceleration of 1m/s 1 mark

60 1000 50
d) 60km / hr mls u
3600 3
V 0 S 10m
V 2 U 2 2as
V U 503
2

a
2a 20
13.89m / s 2

76
c) i) F = Ma
= 13.89 1000 1
= 13888.89N 1
1
15. a) I. t 0.01sec onds
100
12
V AB 600cm / s or 6m / s
2 0.01
32
V PQ 1600cm / s or 16m / s
2 0.01

II. V U
a
t
16 6 10
166.67 m / s 2
6 0.01 0.06

b)- Mass of the body

- Radius of the path
- Velocity / speed of motion any 2
2
r
c) i) a
r

6.32 2 12.482m / s 2
3.2

MV 2
mg
ii) T (minimum) r
(1.2 12.482) (1.2 10)
14.9784 12
2.9784 N

16. a) A floating object displaces its own weight of the fluid in which it floats.

b)
S p r in g b a la n c e

B lo c k 77
D is p la c e d liq u id
L iq u id
- Measure the weight of block in air 1
- Fill Eureka can with liquid and place a measuring cylinder under spout.
- Lower the wood block into the liquid and collect the displaced liquid in the measuring cylinder.
- Repeat to obtain more values.
- Compare the weight of liquid displaced with the weigh of block (They are the same)

i) V = 80 3 = 240m
m = v = 240 1.3 = 312g
= 0.312kg
ii) Weight displace (upthrust)
Apparent weight
= (0.312 10) - 2.472
= 3.12 - 2.472 1
= 0.648N 1

d) i) P = Maximum, Q = minimum 1
ii) So that it can displace a large1 of liquid to provide sufficient uphthrust is make the hydrometer
float1
17.a) The volume of a fixed mass of gas is directly proportional to absolute temperature provided the
pressure is kept constant.
ii) V1 = 2m T1 = (27 + 273) = 300
V2 = ? T2 = (-123 + 273) = 150

V1 V2 2 V
; 2
T1 T2 300 150

V = 2 150
2
1m3
300
b) a) Missing values ; 2083, 3125, 4348
Graph A - 1
S-1
P-2
L-1
b) P is inversely proportional to V.
d) 0.00025m

78
THARAKA SOUTH FORM FOUR JOINT EXAMINATION
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education
232/1
PHYSICS
Paper 1
July/August 2015
SECTION A (25 marks)
Answer ALL the questions in the spaces provided.
1. Figure 1 below shows the reading on a burette after 55 drops of a liquid have been used. If the initial
reading was at zero mark, determine the volume of one drop.
(2 marks)

0 c m
1 0
2 0

Fig 1 3 0
4 0
5 0

2. A stop watch started 0.5s after the start button was pressed. The time recorded using the stop watch for
a ball falling through a liquid was 2.53s. Determine the time of fall.
(1 mark)
3. Some water in a tin can was boiled for some time. The can was then sealed and cooled. After some
time it collapsed. Explain this observation.
(2 marks)
4. A solid weighs 16.5N on the surface of the moon. The force of gravity on the moon is 1.7N/Kg.
Determine the mass of the solid.
(3 marks)
5. A paper windmill in a horizontal axis was placed above a candle as shown in figure 2 below.

Fig 2 lit c a d d le

When the candle was lit the paper windmill began to rotate. Explain this observation.
(2 marks)
6. When a liquid is heated in a glass flask, its level at first falls, then rises. Explain this observation.
(2 marks)
7. Figure 3 shows a uniform rod 4m long and of mass 2kg. It is pivoted 1m from one end and balanced
horizontally by a string attached near the other end. s t r in g

Fig 3
Determine the position where a mass of 5kg should be placed on the rod so that the rod remains
horizontal and the tension in the string is zero.
(3 marks)
8. Figure 4 shows a uniform cardboard in the shape of a parallelogram.

79
 Fig 4

Locate the centre of gravity of the cardboard.

(1 mark)
9. a) An aeroplane is moving horizontally through still air at a uniform speed. It is observed that when
the speed of the plane is
increased, its height above the ground increases. State the reason for this observation.
(1 mark)
b) Figure 5 shows parts A, B and C of a glass tube.
A B C

Fig 5
State with reason the part in the tube in which the pressure will be lowest when air is blown through
the tube from A
towards C.
(2 marks)
10. The weight of a solid in air is 5.0N. When it is fully immersed in a liquid of density 800kgm-3, its
weight is 4.04N.
Determine
a) The upthrust in the liquid.
(1 mark)
b) The volume of the liquid.
(2 marks)
11. A drop of blue ink is introduced at the bottom of a beaker containing water. It is observed that after
some time, all the water in the beaker turns blue. Name the process that takes place.
(1 mark)
12. In verifying the pressure law of gasses, the temperature and pressure of a gas are varied at constant
volume. State the condition necessary for the law to hold.
(1 mark)
13. State the SI unit of a spring constant.
(1 mark)

SECTION B: (55 marks)

14. a) Figure 6 shows a velocity-time graph for the motion of a certain body.

B C

Fig 6

Describe the motion of the body in the region:

i) OA. (1 mark)
ii) AB (1 mark)
iii) BC (1 mark)
b) A car moving initially at 10ms-1 decelerates at 2.5ms-2.
i) Determine:
I. Its velocity after 1.5 seconds. (2
marks)
II. The distance travelled in 1.5 seconds.
(2 marks)
III. The time taken for the car to stop.
80
 (2 marks)
ii) Sketch the velocity-time graph for the motion of the car up to the time the car stopped.
(1 mark)
iii) From the graph, determine the distance the car travelled before stopping.
(2 marks)
15. a) A horizontal force 12N is applied on a wooden block of mass 2kg placed on a horizontal surface.
It causes the block to
accelerate at 5m/s. Determine the frictional force between the block and the surface.
(3 marks)
b) Figure 7 shows a graph of velocity against time for a ball bearing released at the surface of a
viscous liquid.

A B

Fig 7

O E

Explain the motion of the ball bearing for parts;

i) OA (2
marks)
ii) AB (2
marks)
c) Figure 8 shows a pulley system used to raise a load by applying an effort of 500N.

P u ll e y 2

Fig 8
E ffo rt = 5 0 0 N

P u lle y 1

Load

State the
i) Velocity ratio of the system. (1 mark)
ii) Purpose of pulley 2. (1 mark)
iii) Given that the machine has an efficiency of 80%, determine the maximum load that can be
raised. (3 marks)
16. a) An immersion heater rated 2.5kw is immersed into a plastic jug containing 2lg of water and
switched on for 4 minutes.
determine
i) the quantity of heat gained by the water.
(2 marks)
ii) The temperature change for water. (Take specific heat capacity of water as 4.210jKg-1k-1)
(3 marks)
b) Figure 9 shows a horizontal tube containing air trapped by a mercury thread of length 24cm. The
length of the enclosed
air column is 15cm. The atmospheric pressure is 76cmHg.
A ir M e rc u ry

Fig 9
24 cm
15 cm

81
 i) State the pressure of the enclosed air. (1 mark)

ii) The tube is now held in a vertical position with the open end facing upwards as shown in figure 10.

Fig 10

Determine:
i) The pressure of the enclosed air.
(1 mark)
ii) The length (l) of the enclosed air column.
(3 marks)
17. a) State two ways in which the centripetal force on a body of a mass m can be increased.
(2 marks)
b) Fig 11 shows an object at the end of a light spring balance connected to a peg using a string. The
object is moving in a circular path on a smooth horizontal table with a constant speed.

s p r in g b a la n c e
o b je c t
peg

i) State what provides the centripetal force.

(1 mark)
ii) Indicate with an arrow on the figure the direction of the centripetal force.
(1 mark)
iii) State with a reason why the object is accelerating while the speed remains constant.
(1 mark)
iv) Given the mass of the object is 0.5kg and it is moving at a speed of 8m/s at a radius of 2m,
determine the
reading on the spring balance.
(3 marks)
c) Figure 12 shows a frictionless trolley of mass 2kg moving with uniform velocity towards a wall.
At the front of the trolley is a spring whose spring constant is 25NM-1. The trolley comes to rest
momentarily after compressing the spring by 3cm and then rebounds from the wall.
s p rin g
w a ll

Fig 12
T r o lle y

i) Determine:
i) The force exerted on the wall by the spring.
(3 marks)
ii) The maximum acceleration of the trolley as it rebounds from the wall.
82
 (3 marks)
iii) State the reason why the trolley acquires a constant velocity after it rebounds.
(2 marks)
18. Figure 13 shows three stages of an experiment to determine relative density of cork which normally
floats on water. To make it sink, a sinker is hung below the cork.
s p r in g b a la n c e

s t r in g

Fig 13 c o rk
(I)
w a te r co rk

(II) ( I I I)
s in k e r
In (I) a spring balance is used to measure the weight W of the cork in air. In (II) the spring balance is
used to measure the apparent weight W1, when only the sinker is submerged in water. In (III) the
spring balance is used to measure the apparent weight W2 when both the cork and the sinker are
submerged.
The following observations were made:
W = 0.08N
W1 = 0.60N
W2 = 0.28N
Use this information to determine the:
i) Upthrust cork. (3
marks)
ii) Relative density of cork.
(3 marks)
b) Fig 14 shows parts of a simple submarine, a ship that can travel both on water and under water. To do
this water is pumped in or out of the ballast tanks.

Fig 14 B a lla s t
PU M P
ta n k

B a lla s t
ta n k

Explain how the tanks are used to change the depth of the submarine.
(2 marks)

PHYSICS
Paper - 232/1
July/August - 2015
MARKING SCHEME
1. Volume of 55drops = 8ml ;
83
 8
Volume of one drop 0.15ml or 0.15cm
55
2. (2.53 + 0.50)sec = 3.03 sec;
3. Air (molecules) are expelled by heating;Cooling creates partial vacuum, pressure inside is less than
atmospheric pressure; it collapses
w
m ;
4. g
16.5
;
1.7
9.71kg ;

5. Flame heats air which becomes less dense / expands; and 1hence moves upwards; This will push
the blades upwards / causes a convectional current; hence rotation 1
6. Flask which is in contact with the heat expands first; 1then the liquid expands more /faster than glass;
1
f 1 d1 f 2 d 2 ;
7. 20 1.0 d 2 50

1
20
d2 = 0.4m
50

8.
c .o .g

9. a) Air above the plane moves faster than air blow (due to its shape) creating a region of lower
pressure above the plane
hence lifting due to pressure difference;
b) At B; (narrowest part) because of C.S.A is smallest hence the air moves faster in that region;
10. a) (5.0 - 4.04) = 0.96N;
b) m
p;
v
0.096
800;
v
v 120cm;
1.2 10 4 m 3
or
w vg , 0.96 80v 10
v 120cm 3

11. Diffusion of ink molecules;

12. Mass is constant / fixed ;
13. Newton per metre; Deny N/m
SECTION B
14. a) i) OA; constant uniform acceleration;
84
 ii) AB: decreasing / reducing acceleration;
iii) BC : constant velocity / zero acceleration;
b) i) v = u + at;
v = 10 - 2.5 1.5 = 6.25m/s;
ii) s = ut + at;
= 10 (1.5) - 2.5 1.5
= 12.1875 ~ 12.19m;
iii) v = u + at ; O = 10 - 2.5t
t = 10 = 4 sec;
2.5

10

ii)

4 t (s )
ii) Distance = area triangle;
= 4 10 = 10m;
15. a) F = ma;
F = 2 5 = 10 N;
Fr = 12 - 10 = 2N;
b) i) OA the ball bearing accelerates (at a reducing rate); viscous force increases to a maximum;
or friction
increases to a max.
ii) Ball attains terminal velocity / constant velocity;
Resultant force = zero;
w = u + Fr
c) i) 2;
ii) To change the direction of effort
iii)
M . A.
Eff 100
V .R.
M .A
80 100,
2
l
80 100
2 500
L
M .A
E
80 1000
L
100
16. a) i)800 N Q = pt;
= 2.5 10 4 60 = 600,000 J
ii) Q = MC
Q 600,000

MC 2 4.2 10 3
71.43C
b) i) p = 76cm Hg;
ii) I. P = (24 + 76) = 100cmHg;
85
 II. P1V1 = P2V2;
76 15 = (76 + 24) L;
76 15
L 11.4cm;
100
17. a) Increasing angular velocity; reducing radius of path;
b) i) Tension in the string
ii) Towards centre of circle
iii) Direction of speed of object changes (and causes velocity to change)
MV 2
iv) F ;
r
0 .5 8 2

2
;
16 N ;
I. F = Ke;
25 N
F 0.03
M
0.75 N ;
II. F = ma;
0.75 = 2a;
a = 0.375ms-2
III. Force in spring decreases as spring recovers original length
No force on the trolley after contact with wall is lost1
W1 W2 ; W1 W (W2 W)
18. a) i)
0.60 0.28 (0.28 0.08) (0.6 0.08)
0.32 N 0.52 0.2
0.32
ii) weight of subs tan ce
Upthrust
weight of equal volume of water

0.08
;
0.32
0.25;
b) To sink water is allowed into tanks; 1
To float, pumps are used to expel water from the ballast tanks;

NYERI COUNTY FORM FOUR JOINT ASSESSMENT

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education
232/1
PHYSICS
Paper 1
July/August 2015
Time 2 hours

86
SECTION A (25 marks)
Answer ALL the questions in the spaces provided.

1. Some water was put in a burette so that the level read 35.6cm. 50 drops were then allowed to fall
from the burette. The average volume of one drop was 0.14cm. What is the new reading of the
burette? (2 marks)
2. Explain why water curves in a test as shown in the figure 1 below.
(1 mark)

W a te r

Fig 1
T e s t tu b e

3. Figure 2 below represents a system in equilibrium

3K g

Fig 2
20 cm
40 N F
50 cm 65 cm

Determine the force F needed to maintain the equilibrium.

(3 marks)
4. The figure 3 below shows a beaker containing molten candle wax. Indicate on the same diagram the
position of the centre of gravity. When the candle wax solidifies.

Fig 3
M o lt e n w a x

5. Figure 4 below shows a U tube manometer containing two liquids. Given that h1 and h2 are 22cm and
19cm respectively, find the density of the liquid Z. Give your answer to 2 significant figures.
(3 marks)

L iq u id 1 L iq u id 2

Fig 4 D e n s ity 0 .8 g /c m
h 1

h 2

6. Explain why the rate of diffusion of a gas decreases with decrease in temperature.
(1 mark)
87
7. State the reason why steel is normally used to reinforce concrete in construction other than aluminium
(1 mark)
8. Figure 5 below shows a thick copper plate that is very hot, one side is black and the other is shiny.
Two thermometers are placed at the same distance from each side as shown.
B la c k S u r fa c e S h in y S u r fa c e

Fig 5
T h e r m o m e te r A T h e r m o m e te r B

V e ry H o t

Neglecting heat loss to the surrounding, state with a reason which thermometer records a higher
temperature after 10 minutes.
(2 marks)
9. The work done in stretching a spring by 50mm is given as 0.08J. Calculate the spring constant.
(3 marks)
10. Figure 6 below shows an inverted funnel placed above a light ball.

F un ne l

Fig 6
L ig h t b a ll

Fast moving air is then blown through the neck of the funnel. State and explain the observation made.
(2 marks)
11. Figure 7(a) below shows a loop of a wire with a string tied loosely at point A and B. When the loop
was dipped into a soap solution and then moved out a soap film is formed as shown. In fig 7(b) below.
State and hence explain the observation made when side X of the film is broken.
(2 marks)
S o a p f ilm
B B
X

A A Y

r ig id w ir e L o o s e p ie c e o f t h r e a d o n s o a p f ilm

Fig 7 (a) Fig 7 (b)

12. Differentiate between displacement and distance. (1 mark)
13. Figure 8 below shows a gas enclosed in a container.

C y lin d e r

G as
Fig 8
P is to n
H eat

State and explain using the kinetic theory of matter. What will happen to the piston when the cylinder
88
 is heated. (2 marks)

14. Figure 9 below shows block A placed on a bench connected with a piece of thread through a pulley to
a pan B where masses are being added.
x

Fig 9

State a condition that must be met for block A to slide towards the right.
(1 mark)
SECTION B (55 marks)
15. a) Differentiate between speed and velocity.
(1 mark)
b) Figure 10 below shows velocity time graphs for two objects A and B drawn on the same axes.

Fig 10
V ( m /s ) B

t(s )

State with a reason which of the two objects stops in a shorter distance when the same size of force in
applied against each given that they are of equal masses.
(2 marks)
c) An object moving at 26m/s starts to accelerate at 2m/s so that its velocity becomes 48m/s. Find
i) The distance moved during this acceleration.(3 marks)
ii) The object is now braked so that it comes to rest in a time of 12 seconds. Find the braking force if
its mass was 27000g.
(3 marks)
16. a) Figure (11) below shows a pulley system used to lift a load.

Fig 11 E ff o r t

Load
89
 Determine the velocity ratio. (1 mark)
b) The figure (12) below shows a loading ramp of length 8m and height 2m. Bags weighing 1000N
each are conveyed from
point O to P along the plane. Each bag experiences
P
a friction force of 50N.

Fig 12
2m

Show that the velocity ratio is given by 1/Sin (3

marks)
c) State how you can increase for the arrangement
i) Velocity ratio (1 mark)

ii) Mechanical advantage (1 mark)

d) i) The total work done by the effort on each bag.
(3 marks)
ii) The efficiency of this system. (2
marks)
17. a) Define specific heat capacity. (1 mark)
b) To determine the specific heat capacity of a solid by the method of mixtures, a solid of known
mass was heated in blust
furnace to very high temperature then quickly transferred to a liquid in a well lagged calorimeter.
i) Give a reason why the solid was quickly transferred.
(1 mark)
ii) List two possible sources of error in this experiment.
(2 marks)
c) 50g of a metal was heated in a blust furnace to a temperature of 600C. The metal was then
quickly transferred to a
copper calorimeter of mass 40g containing 20g of water at 70C. It was observed that 5g of water
vapourised. Given that
the specific heats capacity of water and copper are 4200J/kgk, 390J/kgk respectively and specific
latent heat of vaporization in 2260000 J/kg
Find
i) An expression for the heat lost by the metal given that its specific heat capacity in Cm
(2 marks)
ii) The heat gained by water and calorimeter.
(3 marks)
iii) The specific heat capacity of the metal.
(3 marks)
18. a) State Archimedes principle. (1 mark)
b) Figure 13 below shows a test tube floating in water in a tall beaker.
T e s t tu b e

B eaker

Fig 13
W a te r

i) State what can be done to make the text tube floating vertically upright.
(1 mark)
90
 ii) Explain how the test tube may be calibrated to measure relative densities of liquids.
(2 marks)
iii) State what can be done to increase the sensitivity of such an instrument.
(1 mark)
c) Figure 14 below shows a block of dimensions 2cm 4cm 12cm floating in a liquid of density
1250kg/m

Fig 14

L iq u id d e n s it y
1 2 5 0 K g /m

Find
i) The upthrust on the block.
(3 marks)
ii) The weight of the block.
(1 mark)
iii) The force needed to just submerge the block completely.
(3 marks)
19. a) Define angular velocity.
(1 mark)
b) Figure 15 below shows a small mass being rotated in a horizontal circle through a plastic tube. It is
observed that as the
small moves is rotated at constant speed, the heavy mass remains at the same horizontal level.

S m a ll m a s s

Fig 15

H eavy m ass

i) State one adjustment that can be done to make the heavy mass move upwards.
(1 mark)
ii) State the effect on the small mass if a heavier mass was used in place of the one above and
the radius of rotation
remains constants. (1 mark)
c) A stone of mass 200g tied to a long string 1m long and whirled round in a vertical circle at an
angular speed of 6.28
rad/s.
i) Why is the stone said to be accelerating.
(1 mark)
ii) Determine the linear velocity. (2
marks)
iii) Its periodic time.
(2 marks)
iv) The critical speed of the stone if it is to describe a vertical circle.
(2 marks)
d) State a factor that determines the angle at which a road should be banked at a bend.
(1 mark)

91
NYERI COUNTY FORM JOINT ASSESSMENT
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education
PHYSICS
Paper - 232/1
July/August - 2015
MARKING SCHEME
1. Volume of 50 drops
= 0.14cm 50
= 7 cm 1
Burette reading
= 35.6cm + 7cm
= 42.6cm 1
2. Adhesive forces are greater than the cohesive forces. 1
3. Clockwise moments = anticlockwise moments 1
Accept F1d1 = f2d2 for formula mark

92
 (20cm 30N)+(65cm F) = 50cm40 N
600 + 65F = 2000
65F = 1400
F = 1400
65
= 21.54N 1
4.

c .o .g f o r liq u id m a s s
c .o .g f o r s o lid w a x
( a c c e p t a p in c h v e r t ic a lly
b e lo w t h e c .o .g o f th e liq u id w a x

5. h1d1g = h2d2g 1
h1d1 = h2d2

h1 d1
d2
h2
0.8 gcm 3 22cm

19cm
0.93 g / cm 3
(Answer should be given to 2.sf)
6. As the temperature decreases, the kinetic energy of the gas molecules / particles decreases and thus
rate of movement decreases OR
As the temperature decreases, the velocity of the gas molecules decreases and thus they move at a
lower rate.
7. Steel and concrete expand / contract at the same rate unlike steel and aluminium which expand/
contract at different rates.
Accept: Steel and concrete have the same linear expansivity unlike aluminium and concrete.
8. - A 1
- Black surface is a better emitter of radiation as compared to the shiny surface and thus more heat
is absorbed by
thermometer A compared to thermometer B. 1

9. W 12 Ke 2 1
2W
k
e2
2 0.08 1

(0.05) 2
64 Nm 1
10.- The light ball moves upwards.
- The pressure above the ball is lowered / becomes lower / reduces and thus atmospheric pressure /
pressure below the ball pushes it upwards.
11.- The piece of thread becomes tight and stretches towards region Y.
- Surface tension force pulls the thread towards region y.
12. Displacement is distance in a specified direction while distance is length of space between the two

93
 points.
13.- The piston moves outwards / the piston moves towards the left.
- As the temperature increases, kinetic energy of the gas molecules increases and this increases the rate
of collision between the gas molecules and walls of the container. This causes pressure of the gas to
increase thus pushing the piston outwards.
14. Weight of B should be greater than the frictional force between block A and the surface.
SECTION B
15.a) Speed is ratio of distance moved to time taken while velocity is ratio of displacement covered to
the time taken.
b)- B
- Acceleration of A is greater than that of B and thus A needs greater force than B.
V 2 U 2 2as
c) i)
482 26 2 2 2 S m(v u )
ii) F
48 26 t
S 27(0 48)
4
407m 12
168 N
16.
a) 2

b) Dis tan ce moved by effort

V .R, of inclined plane
Dis tan ce moved by load
8
4
2
1 1
2 4
Sin 8

1
V .R
Sin

c) i) -increase the length of the incline

- reduce the angle of inclination

ii) - reduce the angle of inclination

- reduce friction between load and inclined surface.
d) i) W = work done against gravity + work done against friction
= mgh + Fd 1
= 1000 2 + 50 8 1
= 2000 + 400
= 2400J 1

ii) e work done on load 100% 1

work done by effort
1000 2
100
2400
2000 1
100
2400 94
83.3%
17. a) Amount of heat required to raise temperature of 1kg mass of a substance by 1k.
b) i) To ensure that the temperature of the furnace is maintained by the solid material / to ensure
minimum heat loss to the
surroundings during transfer.
ii) - Error while reading the thermometer
- Error while taking reading of the mass.
- There is heat lost to the surrounding during transfer.
c) i) H = 0.05 Cm (600 - 100) 1
= 25 Cm
H M C C C C m W C w W ml V
ii)
(0.04 390 30) (0.02 4200 30)
(0.005 2260000)
468 2520 11300
14288J

iii) H = MC 1
14288 = 25Cm 1
Cm = 14288
25
= 571.52 Jkg-1k-1 1
18.
a) When a body is wholly or partially immersed in a fluid, it experiences an upthrust equal to the
weight of the fluid
displaced 1
b) i) Adding some heavy mass / sand into the test-tube
ii) Dip the test-tube in liquids of different densities and mark the level to which the tube floats in
each.
iii) Using a test-tube of lower radius / using a thinner test tube.
c) i) Upthrust
= weight of liquid displaced 1
2 4 8 1250 10
100 100 100
ii) Weight of block = Upthrust
= 0.8 N
iii) Force = weight of fluid to be displaced 1
= 0.04 0.04 0.02 1250 10
= 0.4N 1
19. a) Angular velocity is the rate of change of angular displacement with time.
b) i) Increasing the speed of rotation of the small mass
ii) Velocity of the small mass increases.
c) i) Direction of motion of the stone changes continuously.
ii) V = wr
= 6.28 1
= 6.28 ms-1 1

95
 2
iii) T
w
2

6.28

= 1 second or 1 S
iv)
V
1 10
rg
1

3.16m / s 1

d) - Highest speed expected

- Radius of the band.

96
MAKUENI COUNTY KCSE 2015 PREPARATORY EXAMINATION
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education
232/1
PHYSICS
Paper 1
(THEORY)
2015
SECTION A (25 MARKS)
Answer all the questions in this section in the spaces provided.
1. The diameter of a ball bearing of mass 0.0045 kg is measured using a micrometer screw gauge
as shown in Figure 1 below.
mm

0 5
35

30

Ball bearing

Figure
(a) Determine the radius of the ball bearing.
(1 mark)
(b) Determine the density of the ball bearing. (Take pi = 3.142)
(2 marks)
2. A body exerts a pressure of 100 N/mm2. Express this in SI units.
(1 mark)
3. The diagram below shows the levels of mercury and water in beakers.

Water Mercury

Figure 2

Explain the difference in the shape of the meniscus.

(2 marks)
4. Figure 3 below shows a rod made of wood on one end and metal on the other end. It is
suspended freely with a piece of thread so that it is in equilibrium.

Thread
97
 Metal Wood

Figure 3
The side made of metal is heated with a Bunsen flame and the rod tips to the left.
Explain. (1 mark)
5. Convection and diffusion both involve motion of fluid molecules. Distinguish between the
two. (1 mark)

6. Three identical springs each of spring constant 10 N/M and weight 0.5 N are used to support a
load as shown. Determine the total extension of the system.
(2 marks)

C B

6N
Figure 4
7. As Mariga was taking a penalty kick, his leg moved through an angular displacement of
90. If his leg is 1.2 m long, calculate the distance moved through by the end of Marigas
foot. (2 marks)
8. A non-uniform plank of wood AB of mass 0.50 kg balances on a point K 0.15 m from the end A when
a 0.24 kg mass is
suspended from one end as shown.
0.15 m
B
A K

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 0.24 kg
Figure 5
Determine the distance of the centre of gravity of the plank from end A.
(2 marks)
9. The diagram shows a cross-section of an aeroplane wing when the aeroplane is moving at
constant height and constant speed. An upward force equal and opposite to it is exerted on its wing
as shown in Figure 6.

Upward
force

Direction of motion
Figure 6

(a) What is the cause of the upward force? (1

mark)
(b) Why is the shape of the wing crucial in producing this upward force? (1
mark)
10. Tracy drew the graph below (Figure 7).

Velocity (m/s)

Time (s)
Figure 77
She then worked out the area of the shaded part. State what she was determining.
(1 mark)
11. It is impossible to reduce the pressure of a gas to zero. Explain.

99
 (1 mark)
12. The figure below shows a block of volume 50 cm3 and density 2 000 kg/m3 submerged in a
liquid and suspended from a homogeneous horizontal beam by means of a thread. The beam is
balanced by a spherical mass of 40 g, which is suspended from it on the other side of the pivot as
shown in
Figure 8.
10 cm 40 30 cm 20 cm
cm

40 g
Bloc
M kLiquid

Figure 8
Determine the upthrust force acting on the block. (3 marks)
13. Figure 9 below shows two stationary trolleys A and B separated by a compressed spring and
held together by an inextensible thread. The mass of trolley A is 2.0 kg and that of trolley B is 0.1
kg. When the thread is cut, the trolleys move rapidly apart.
Thread

A = 2 kg B = 0.1 kg

Figure 9
(a) State the energy changes that occur when the string is cut.
(1 mark)
(b) If trolley A moves off with a speed of 0.48 m/s, calculate the speed with which trolley B
moves off. (2 marks)
14. A load was raised using the system shown below as in Figure 10 (a). The system was then
modified as shown in Figure 10 (b) and used to raise the same load.

(b) 100
Figure
10
 L
(a)

Explain the change in efficiency.

SECTION B (55 MARKS)

Answer all questions in this section in the spaces provided after each question.
15. (a) Define the term relative density.
(1 mark)
(b) A balloon of negligible weight and a capacity of 80 m3 is filled with helium gas whose density
is 0.18 kg/m3. Given
that the density of air is 1.1 kg/m3, calculate:
(i) the upthrust force on the balloon.
(2 marks)
(ii) the weight of helium. (2
marks)
(iii) the lifting force of the balloon. (2
marks)
(c) Draw a force diagram showing all the forces acting on the balloon as it floats.
(2 marks)
(d) An experiment was carried out to determine the relative density of a liquid by applying
Archimedes principle. The table
below shows the results that were obtained using various masses.

Table 1
Object A B C
Mass (kg) 0.2 0.3 0.4
Weight in air (N) 2.0 3.0 4.0
Weight in Liquid X (N) 1.82 2.72 3.64
Weight in water 1.76 2.64 3.52
Upthrust in water ( N)
Upthrust in Liquid X (N)

(i) Complete the table. (2

marks)
(ii) Determine the average relative density of Liquid X.
(2 marks)
16. (a) Define the term latent heat of fusion of a substance.
(1 mark)
(b) Figure 11 below shows an apparatus that could be used to determine the specific latent heat
of fusion of ice.
60 W heater
Finely crushed ice

101
 Beaker

Figure 11
(i) In order to obtain results that are as accurate as possible, state why it is important to:
I. wait until water is dripping into the beaker at constant rate before taking readings.
(1 mark)
II. use finely crushed ice rather than larger ones.
(1 mark)
(ii) The power of the heater and the time for which water is collected are known. Write down all
other readings that
are needed to obtain a value for a specific latent heat of fusion of ice.
(2 marks)
(c) In an experiment to measure the specific heat capacity of a liquid, a quantity of the liquid was
heated in a copper calorimeter. The following measurements were obtained:
Mass of calorimeter = 53.0 g
Mass of calorimeter + liquid = 142.6 g
Initial temperature of calorimeter + liquid = 16C
Final temperature of calorimeter+ liquid= 21C
Energy supplied = 1168J
Using the above measurements, calculate the value of the specific heat capacity of the liquid.
(specific heat capacity of copper = 390Jkg1K1.)
(7 marks)
17. (a) Distinguish between velocity and speed.
(2 marks)
(b) The velocity-time graph in Figure 12 below illustrates the motion of a ball which has been
projected vertically upwards
from the surface of a planet. Weight of the ball on Earth is 30 N.
6
5

0
1 2 3 4
Time (s)
Figure 12
Determine the weight of the ball on the planet, if gravitational field strength on Earth is 10 N/kg.
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 (4 marks)
(c) The figure below shows a section of a tape from a ten tick timer whose frequency is 50 Hz.
W X Y Z

10 cm 30 cm
Figure 13
Calculate:
(i) the average velocity of the trolley between points WX.
(2 marks)
(ii) the average velocity of the trolley between YZ.
(2 marks)
(iii) the acceleration of the trolley. (2
marks)
18. (a)
(i) State the pressure law. (1
mark)
(ii) Define an ideal gas.
(1 mark)
(iii) Define the absolute zero temperature.
(1 mark)
(b) Using Boyles Law, explain the changes in the size of a gas bubble from the bottom of a deep dam
to the point that it
reaches the surface of the water.
(3 marks)
(c) During the promulgation of the new Constitution, a hydrogen-filled balloon with a volume
of 0.027 m3 was
released at Uhuru Park from the ground where the pressure was 675 mmHg and the
temperature was 25C. The balloon rose to a height of 2700 m above the ground where the
pressure had fallen to 450 mmHg and the temperature to 10C. Determine the new volume of
the balloon. (4 marks)
19. (a) State the limitation of Hookes Law.
(1 mark)

(b) An experiment was performed to find out how the length, l, of a spring varies with the
compressing force, F. The results
were recorded in the graph below.

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 (i) Draw a diagram showing the possible set-up of the apparatus used.
(2 marks)
(ii) Determine the range of force that the spring obeys Hookes Law.
(1 mark)
(iii) Suggest a reason for the shape of the graph between 20 N and 30 N force.
(1 mark)
(c) A spring balance produces an extension of 12 mm when a force of 0.6 N is applied to it. Calculate
the spring constant for the system when two such springs are arranged i

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