Atoll 3.1.0 White Paper

ATOLL GENERAL RADIO FEATURES
Training Programme
1. Atoll General Concepts
2. Atoll Working Environment
3. Geographic Data
4. Radio Data
5. Predictions
6. Prediction Analysis, Reports and Exports
Forsk 2011 Confidential Do not share without prior permission Slide 3 of 476
Atoll General Concepts (1/2)
Multi-Technology Tool
Several technologies modelled:

2G (GSM/GPRS/EDGE),
3G (UMTS/HSPA, CDMA2000 1xRTT 1xEV-DO, TD-SCDMA),
4G (LTE),
WiMAX (802.16e)
Microwave radio links
3GPP Multi-RAT document available

Possibility to model GSM, UMTS and LTE in the same Atoll document
Open, Scalable and Flexible Architecture
Core structure + Technology modules
API available (Application Programming Interface)

Allows to create Add-ins and Macros
Allows third-parties to develop tools that will be compatible with Atoll (such as ACPs, AFPs,
Propagation models, etc.)
Atoll General Concepts (2/2)
Ergonomic and User-friendly GUI
Windows-based tool
Easy copy-paste and import-export of data from-into standard applications
Flexibility in Data Management
Possibility to choose what to display, what to filter, etc.
Possibility to add user-defined columns in the tables
Training Programme
3. Geographic Data
4. Radio Data
5. Predictions
How to Create a New Atoll Document
Atoll General GUI
Tabs of the Menu Bar
Toolbars and Explorer
Workspace
Open and Save an Atoll Document
Archive and Refresh in Multi-User Mode
How to Create a New Atoll Document (1/2)
File New
2 Ways of Creating a New Atoll Document

From a document Template
From an existing Database Available Templates
Supported formats
How to Create a New Atoll Document (2/2)
Atoll documents / ATL Files
Data are saved in an Atoll document , which is a file with an ATL extension
ATL files can contain one or several technologies
ATL files can be duplicated, opened under any workstation and can only be read by Atoll
Working Modes
Database
.atl User 1
2 working modes with Atoll:
Archive
.atl User 2
Stand-alone: .atl or Multi-user:

Refresh
.atl User i
Document created from a template => Stand-alone document
Document created from an existing database => Multi-user document
Atoll General GUI
Documents technologies Documents name
Menu bar
Toolbars
Explorer
(Network / Geo
/ Parameters) Workspace
(Maps / Tables
/ Reports)
Other windows
(Legend /
Panoramic)
Event
viewer
Status bar
Tabs of the Menu Bar (1/4)
File and Edit tabs
Create a new document
Open an existing / recent

document
Undo / Redo last actions

Close the active document
Cut / Copy / Paste data

Save the active document in / from the tables
Save an area of the map as a Locate an element on

graphic image the map
Select / Copy an area of
Import data in the active
the map
document
Printing functionalities
Quit Atoll
View and Document tabs

Reload map and folders
Select elements on the map
Move the map
Zoom functionalities
Calculate predictions
Show the workspace on full
screen Database functionalities
for the multi-user
Explorer (Network / Geo / documents
Parameters)
Event viewer Audit tools
Other windows (Panoramic / XML import / export

Legend)
Co-planning functionalities
List of toolbars for Single-RAT documents
Display or hide the status bar
Properties of the active
Measure distances on the map document
Information about elements on

the map
Display or hide the coordinates

rules around the map
Tools tab
Profile between two points on the map
Point Analysis tool
Interactive Frequency Planning tool
GSM Interference tool
CW Measurement analysis tool
Drive tests analysis tool
Microwave link analysis tool
Tool for 360 view
Load / Save user configuration files
Configure distributed calculations
List of available Add-ins and Macros
Configure backups of active document
Window and Help tabs
Open a new map window for

the active document
Create a new group of Atoll Help topics

Horizontal / Vertical tabs
Atoll information and
Rest default layout version number
Switch between all windows

opened in the workspace
Toolbars and Explorer
Toolbars
Map toolbar Standard toolbar Windows toolbar Addins toolbar Vector Editor toolbar
Radio Planning toolbar Microwave Link Planning toolbar
Network / Geo / Parameters Explorer

Made of Folders and Visibility boxes
Order between folders can be changed
Context menus available on each folder
Properties
Tables
Additional functionalities
Workspace (1/3)
Possibility to create different tab groups
Workspace (2/3)
Possibility to place your active window anywhere in the workspace
Workspace (3/3)
Auto-Hide functionality on the Tools

Auto-Hide
Open and Save an Atoll Document
Open an existing Atoll document Save the active Atoll document

Possibility to open several ATL files in
the same Atoll platform
Archive and Refresh in Multi-User Mode (1/2)
The Atoll document is not connected all the time to the database
Modifications made in the document are not saved in real time in the database
Need to Archive your modifications to the database
Need to Refresh your Atoll document to get the databases latest modifications
Archive command
Archive and Refresh in Multi-User Mode (2/2)
Refresh command
Options if you refresh

while still having some
pending changes not
archived
Training Programme
3. Geographic Data
4. Radio Data
5. Predictions
3. Geographic Data
Coordinate Systems and Units
Geographic Data Types
Import a Raster-format Geographic Data File
Import a Vector-format Geographic Data File
Resolution Management
Geographic Data Properties
User Configuration File
Coordinate Systems and Units
Document Properties...
Access to
Coordinate
Systems
The Projection System catalogue
You need to define in Atoll which Map
Projection System has been used to
obtain your geographic maps
The Display System

You also need to define which
Coordinate System you prefer to use
for the Display in Atoll (used for the
Sites coordinates, position of a point
on the map (in status bar), rulers, etc.)
The Units System

You then need to define which Units will
be used for the Distances (m, km,
miles), the Heights and the Offsets (m,
feet) in Atoll
Geographic Data Types
Several Different Geographic Data types are used in an Atoll Document
Example of Geographic Data

Digital Terrain Model
Clutter Classes Used in Propagation calculation
Clutter Heights
Traffic Maps Used in Dimensioning
Population Maps Used in Statistics
Scanned Maps
Used for Display
Contours, lines and points representing Roads, Railways or Regions purposes
Etc.
Atoll supports Geographic Data files of 2 formats

Raster format
Vector format
Import a Raster-format Geographic Data File
The Raster-format Geographic Data files you want to import must be represented in
the same Projection Coordinate System as the one defined in your Atoll document
File Import
Choose
Altitudes for a DTM file
Clutter Classes for a Clutter Classes file
Clutter Heights for a Clutter Heights file
Image or Scan for a scanned Image
Etc.
Import a Vector-format Geographic Data File
When you import a Vector-format Geographic Data file, its coordinate system can be
converted to the one used in your Atoll document
File Import
Coordinate
System
conversion
You need to specify what you will use

Used when
importing a your Vector file for:
Population a simple layer in the Geo tab
vector file
a Computation Zone
a Focus Zone
a Population map
Etc.
Resolution Management
Multi-Layer Management
Each Geographic Data file becomes one layer in the Geo tab
Display order of each layer can be changed
If for a specific map type (Clutter Classes, DTM, etc.) you have several files with different
resolutions, you will need to put the one with the highest resolution on top for Atoll to take it
into account in the calculations
Properties of each Geographic Data is accessible from its context menu

(Right-click Properties)
Geographic Data Properties (1/5)
Tables of Vector maps

Possibility to edit your vector directly from Atoll through its table
Properties of Vector maps 3 types of display
Properties of DTM Maps
Properties of Clutter Classes Maps
Properties of Clutter Heights Maps
Clutter Height information provided in the

status bar
User Configuration
Possibility to Import/Export the complete Geographic Data Set from/into a User Configuration
file (.geo)
Training Programme
3. Geographic Data
4. Radio Data
5. Predictions
4. Radio Data
Radio Data Overview
How to Create a Station (Drag and Drop / Duplicate / Import)
Create Repeaters and Remote Antennas
Sites Properties
Transmitters Properties
Radio Network Equipment
Geographic Profile
Filtering and Grouping Data
Radio Data Overview
For Any Technology

Site
Geographical location where Transmitters are installed
Transmitter
Radio interface built on a Site and using antennas and equipments such as TMA and feeder cables
Station
One or several Transmitters sharing the same Site
Repeater
Device which receives, amplifies and re-transmit the signal from a donor Transmitter
Remote Antenna
Shifted antenna using the resources of a donor Transmitter
For GSM Documents

Subcell
Set of TRXs of a same type (BCCH, TCH, TCH inner, TCH GPRS) in a Transmitter
For UMTS and LTE Documents

Cell
Specifications of a Carrier in a Transmitter
How to Create a Station
A Station is a Site which has one to several Transmitters
Mains Ways of Creating a Station
Drag and Drop a station template
Duplicate an existing station
Import your lists of Sites / Transmitters / Cells in the corresponding tables
Create a Station by Drag and Drop (1/2)
Station Templates Properties

Available in the Parameters Explorer
Templates for each technology
Create a Station by Drag and Drop (2/2)
Drag and Drop a Station Template
1. Choose a Station
Template from the list
2. Click on the icon New Transmitter or Station
3. Drag and Drop on the Map
Create a Station by Duplicate
Possibility to Create a new Station by Duplicating an Existing one on the Map
Duplicate of Site BRU070
Create a Station by Import
Import your Lists of Sites / Transmitters / Cells in the corresponding Tables
Sites list in the Sites table

Transmitters list in the Transmitters table
Cells list in the Cells table
Right-click inside of the table Import
Will add new records and update existing ones
Requirements
Can import *.TXT and *.CSV files
Need to respect the following order

2G : c sites d transmitters
3G, 4G and WiMAX : c sites d transmitters e cells
Create Repeaters and Remote Antennas
Create a Repeater or a Remote Antenna
1. Click on the Transmitter that will be the Donor Transmitter for the Repeater / Remote
Antenna
2. Click on the right part of the icon New Repeater or Remote Antenna to choose what you
want to create
3. Click on the left part of the icon New Repeater or Remote Antenna and then Drag and
Drop on the Map
Repeater Remote
Antenna
Sites Properties (1/4)
Sites Properties
The properties dialogue of each Site contain several tabs
User-defined fields (all technologies)
MW-specific fields
UMTS-specific fields
Name of the site
Position and
Altitude of the site
You can enter

comments in
this field
Sites Table
Access all the parameters of all the Sites through the Table
Properties of the Columns Sorting Fill down/up

selected Site functionalities functionalities and Select all
Import / Export Centre on the Filtering Statistics Align left/centre/right,

map the functionalities Bold and Italic
selected Site
Sites Display options
Can be set for all the Sites or on a per Site basis
Three display types available:

Unique - the same symbol will be used for all the Sites
Discrete values - the display of each Site will be according to the value of a selected field
Value intervals - the display of each Site will be according to set ranges of the value of a selected field
Sites Display options

Example of the Unique and Discrete values display types
Transmitters Properties (1/8)
In the General tab you can setup the name of your transmitter, the site it belongs to, a
possible shift in its antenna position, a comment, etc.
Example: General tab of a GSM Transmitter
Name of the transmitter This flag is used to identify the

transmitters of different
technologies, located at the
You can enter an ID for the same site, that share antennas
transmitter
Site on which the transmitter

is located
You can modify the
position of the antenna.
Relative to Site: select
this option if you want to
enter the antenna
position as an offset with
You can enter comments in respect to the site
this field location
Coordinates: select this
option if you want to
enter the exact
coordinates of the
antenna
In the Transmitter tab you can setup the activity flag of your transmitter, its type, the power
and losses, the settings of the main and secondary antennas, etc.
Example: Transmitter tab of a GSM Transmitter
Intra-Network (Server and

Activity flag (only active Interferer) = Atoll will consider
transmitters are taken the transmitter as a potential
into consideration during server as well as an interferer
calculations)
Extra-Network (Interferer
Only) = Atoll will consider the
transmitter as an interferer
only
Power and Losses definition
(Losses can be either user-
defined or calculated by
Atoll according to the
equipment specified in the
Equipment box) Settings for the main antenna
and the optional secondary
antennas
Transmitters Table
Access all the parameters of all the Transmitters through the Table
Properties of the Columns Sorting Fill down/up

selected Transmitter functionalities functionalities and Select all
Import / Centre on the Filtering Statistics Align left/centre/right,

Export map the selected functionalities Bold and Italic
Transmitter
Transmitters Display options
Can be set for all the Transmitters or on a per Transmitter basis
Four display types available:

Unique - the same symbol will be used for all the Transmitters
Discrete values - the display of each Transmitter will be according to the value of a selected field
Value intervals - the display of each Transmitter will be according to set ranges of the value of a
selected field
Automatic - Atoll will automatically assign a colour to each Transmitter, ensuring that each Transmitter
has a different colour than the Transmitters surrounding it.

Example of the Unique display type
Change the colour, type and

size of your symbols

Example of the Automatic display type
Radio Network Equipment
In the Geo Explorer
Geographic Profile
Display the Geographic profile from a selected transmitter

You need to select Profile and Geographic in the Point Analysis tool
Profile and
Geographic
selected
Selected Transmitter
Filtering and Grouping Data (1/4)
Filtering
Anything outside a Filter will not be taken into account during the Calculations
Filtering applies to
Data in tables
Records filtered out are hidden from the tables
Map
Records filtered out are hidden from the display
Explorer window
Records filtered out are hidden from the Explorer display
Specific filter symbol on folders on which a filter is applied
Types of Filters
Graphical filter (Filtering Zone)
Filter according to Object Attributes (from the Properties or the Tables)
Graphical Filter (Filtering Zone) Filter according to Object Filter according to Object
Attributes (from the Properties) Attributes (from the Tables)
Grouping
No effect on computations
Applies to Explorer window
Generate subfolders for each grouping field
o Creation of a manageable table per subfolder
Specific commands for each subfolder
o Calculations of predictions, neighbours, transmitter activation, frequency planning, etc.
Subfolders
Types of Groups
Possibility to group data according to a field
First level grouping from the folder context menu
Advanced grouping in the general tab of the folder properties dialogue
Possibility to group folder according to the Focus or Computation zones
Grouping according to a zone
First level grouping according to any field in this list
Training Programme
3. Geographic Data
4. Radio Data
5. Predictions
5. Predictions
How to Create a Prediction
Standard Predictions
Predictions Settings
Computation Zone
Transmitters Propagation Parameters
Path Loss Matrices Storage
Standard Predictions Properties
Calculation Process
Prediction Lists and Templates
How to Create a Prediction (1/2)
Prediction -> New...
Predictions grouped
by technology
How to Create a Prediction (2/2)
Definition of a Prediction
To group, sort and filter the

results of the prediction
To calculate the prediction
Standard Predictions (1/2)
Coverage by Transmitter
Need to choose the Automatic display type for the Transmitters
Standard Predictions (2/2)
Coverage by Signal Level
Predictions Settings
Workflow:
(1) Create a Computation Zone
(2) Define the Transmitters propagation settings
(3) Define the Path Loss matrices storage directories
(4) Define the parameters in the Conditions tab of the predictions properties
(5) Define the parameters in the Display tab of the predictions properties
(6) Calculate the prediction
(7) Display the prediction
Computation Zone (1/2)
Use of the Computation Zone

Define which Transmitters have to be taken into account in the calculation
Define in which area the prediction plot will be displayed
Create a Computation Zone

Draw it on the map
Import specific coordinates in the Computation Zones properties
Use an existing polygon as the Computation Zone
Computation Zone (2/2)
Create a Computation Zone
Transmitters Propagation Parameters (1/2)
Powers / Antennas / Activity parameters

Example for a GSM Transmitter:
If not active, the

transmitter will not be
taken into account in
the prediction Power definition
Antennas definition
Transmitters Propagation Parameters (2/2)
Propagation Model / Calculation Radius / Grid Resolution

Example for a GSM Transmitter:
Extended path loss

matrix if you want to use
different propagation
models/calculation
radius and grid
resolutions close and far
from the transmitter
List of propagation models

available in your document
Calculation radius of the

transmitters path loss
matrix
Grid resolution of the

transmitters path loss
matrix
Standard Predictions Properties (1/3)
Conditions Tab
Conditions Tab
Can choose upper and lower thresholds for the Signal level (or Path Loss/Total Losses)
for GSM, the lower threshold can either be user-defined (Global C threshold) or taken from the values
in the Subcell table (Subcell C threshold)
Different options to be considered as a Serving transmitter

possibility to add a margin to the Server condition (handover margin)
GSM-related
options
Handover margin
Display tab
Default display type for the Default display type for the
Coverage by Transmitter prediction Coverage by Signal Level prediction
Three display types available: Possibility to use the Shading option to create
Unique automatically a shading of colours from a Start colour
Discrete values to an End colour
Value intervals
You can also use the Shading option to create the
different thresholds automatically with a regular interval
between them (First Break, Last Break and Interval)
Calculation Process
Requirements for a Transmitter to be taken into account in the calculation

Active
Filtered (Transmitter or Site folder)
Calculation area intersecting the rectangle including the Computation Zone
Calculation process
1) Calculate the Path Loss matrices
Atoll will calculate the Path Loss matrices missing
Atoll will recalculate an existing Path Loss matrix if one parameter related to the propagation has been
changed (parameters such as the antenna type / azimuth / height, the propagation model, the matrix
calculation radius, the computation zone, etc.)
2) Create the plot
3) Lock the plot

After a prediction has been calculated, a lock symbol will appear on it
This lock symbol will prevent Atoll from recalculating the prediction if you press on the Calculate icon
Prediction Lists and Templates (1/2)

Possibility to save the definition of your predictions in a User Configuration file
Prediction Lists and Templates (2/2)
Customised Predictions
Possibility to save a prediction as a Template (=Customised Prediction)
The list of templates will appear under the Customised Predictions folder
Training Programme
3. Geographic Data
4. Radio Data
5. Predictions
Point Analysis
Prediction Plot
Reports
Histogram
Exports
Printing Functionality
Point Analysis (1/2)
Profile Tab
In the Profile tab you have access to real-time calculations (Path Loss matrices not needed)
Real-time calculation
(Signal Level or
Path Loss or Total
Losses based on the
Result type chosen in
the Options dialogue)
Point Analysis (2/2)
Reception Tab
In the Reception tab you can see the signal levels received (Path Loss matrices needed)
Links between the

location and the
Transmitters received
Signal levels received

at that location from
various Transmitters
Prediction Plot
Tip Text and Legend

The Tip text and the Legend allow the visual analysis of the plot
Tip text
Reports (1/2)
Hierarchy between Zones
Without any zone Filtering Zone Computation Zone Focus Zone
Reporting Priorities between Focus and Computation Zones

If a Focus Zone exists, the report will be based on the Focus Zone
If there is no Focus Zone, but there is a Computation Zone, the report will be based on the
Computation Zone
If there is no Focus or Computation Zone, the report will be based on the covered area
Reports (2/2)
Reporting Priorities between Focus and Computation Zones
Focus Zone (green)

Report based on the Focus Zone and Computation
Zone (red) defined
Only Computation
Report based on the Computation Zone Zone (red) defined
Histogram
Histogram
The Histogram follows the same rule than the Report when it comes to the priorities between
the Focus and the Computation Zones
You can also display the CDF and the Inverse CDF
Exports (1/4)
Image Export
Copy-Pasting in another application a selected area from the map
Paste the selected area

in another application
Selected area pasted in a Word document
Exports (2/4)
Image Export
Saving as an Image a selected area from the map
Formats available
Selected area saved as a BMP file
Exports (3/4)
Prediction Export
You can export one single Prediction, or several Predictions simultaneously
Export of several
predictions simultaneously
Export of one single prediction
Formats available
Exports (4/4)
Geographic Export Zone

You can define a zone that will be used to export a part of the map or a prediction in a raster-
format
Save the area of the map which is
inside of the Geographic Export
Zone as an image
Export a prediction in a raster-format

and choose to only export the area
inside of the Geographic Export Zone
Printing Functionality (1/2)
Define the Printing Zone
Printing Functionality (2/2)
Print Setup and Preview
THANK YOU!
ATOLL GSM/GPRS/EDGE FEATURES
Training Programme
1. GSM/GPRS/EDGE Concepts
2. GSM/GPRS/EDGE Planning Overview
3. Modelling a GSM/GPRS/EDGE Network
4. GSM/GPRS/EDGE Predictions
5. Neighbour Allocation
6. Automatic Frequency Allocation
7. Frequency Plan Analysis
GSM/GPRS/EDGE Overview
Frequency Hopping Overview
Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM)

Second digital norm for mobile telephony (2G) established in 1982
Initially dedicated to voice services
Addition of GPRS (General Packet Radio Service 2,5G) and EDGE (Enhanced Data Rates
for GSM Evolution 2,75G)
Packet-switched services and high data rates
Use of Coding Schemes

According to radio link quality, selection of robustness dependent coding scheme
Good quality : least robust coding schemes for high throughput
Poor quality : most robust coding schemes for high security (lower throughput)
CS1 to 4 for GPRS (GMSK modulation) up to 171,2 kbps per frame

GPRS in Atoll
MCS1 to 9 for EDGE (8PSK modulation) up to 384 kbps per frame

EGPRS in Atoll
DAS5 to 12 and DBS5 to 12 for EDGE Evolution (16 and 32QAM modulations) up to 1 Mbps
per frame
EGPRS2 in Atoll
TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access)

8 Timeslots per frame
1 user per TS in FR
2 users per TS in HR
Use of codec modes (e.g. Half-Rate) to
compress voice and increase network
capacity in good radio conditions
Signalling on BCCH
Broadcast en TS 0
Up to 7 TS for traffic (TCH)
Channel bandwidth = 200 KHz
Hierarchical Cell Structure (HCS)

Optional definition of cell hierarchy (Umbrella, Macro, Micro, Pico, ..cells)
Traffic served on priority on highest priority layers
Priority may not be respected for signal strength or mobility reasons
(e.g. pico cells dedicated to low mobility users)
Interference in GSM/GPRS/EDGE
Measured by C/(I+N) parameter
Occurring between co and adjacent channels

Example : if on an overlapping area, a receiver is covered twice by the same channel and if the signal
strength received from the interferer is close to the serving signal strength, the receiver is interfered
Main issue of GSM/GPRS/EDGE

Reduction of capacity
No service of codec modes
No service of coding schemes
Solutions to interference
Frequency hopping
Frequency diversity in order to diversify the interferers
Against frequency selective fading
Average interference level over all the mobile station assigned frequencies
Uplink power control (currently not modelled in Atoll)
Frequency Hopping Overview
Hopping Modes
Non Hopping (NH)
Mobile always attached to the same channel
Mobile Station Allocation : Channel
Base Band Hopping (BBH)

One frequency per TRX
Mobile hops over TRXs
In Atoll, base band hopping is made over TRXs of a given subcell
Definition of a Mobile Allocation List (MAL) : list of frequencies defined in the subcell to which the MS is
attached
Mobile Station Allocation : MAL
Synthesized Frequency Hopping (SFH)

One frequency list per TRX
Mobile linked to a TRX
TRX hops over frequencies
Definition of a Mobile Allocation List (MAL) : list of frequencies defined in the TRX to which the MS is
attached
Definition of a Mobile Allocation Index Offset (MAIO) used as a starting point in the channel hopping
sequence
Mobile Station Allocation : MAL-MAIO
Training Programme
2G Features Supported in Atoll
2G Workflow in Atoll
2G Features Supported In Atoll
Multi-layers Networks (HCS)
Concentric Cells (Overlay/Underlay)

Inner and outer subcells
Dual band stations, multi-bands networks
Advanced Voice Modelling

Support of FR, HR, EFR, AMR
Quality Indicator Predictions (BER, FER, MOS)
GPRS and GPRS/EDGE Networks

Support of standard EDGE (EGPRS) and EDGE evolution (EGPRS2)
Modelling of Traffic Parameters
Dimensioning of Multi-technology Networks
Coding Scheme, Throughput and BLER Predictions
Frequency Hopping
Base Band Hopping/Synthesized Frequency Hopping
HSN, MAIO, Synchronisation level
2G Workflow In Atoll
Open an existing project or
create a new one
Network Configuration
- Add Network Elements ACP
- Change Parameters
Basic Predictions
(Best Server, Signal Level)
Traffic Maps Dimensioning User-defined Values

Required Number
of TRXs
Neighbour Allocation
Automatic Frequency Allocation (AFP) Manual Frequency Allocation
List of Frequencies
Frequency Plan Analysis GSM/GPRS/EDGE Predictions
Prediction Reports
Training Programme
Resource Overview
Frequencies, BSICs and HSNs
Transmitter Parameters
Manual Resource Allocation
Resource Overview
Resources to be managed
Frequencies
BSICs
HSNs
Management from the Parameters Explorer
Description of frequency bands
Definition of Domains and Groups
Frequencies, BSICs, HSNs
Splitting resources over validation domains:

Domain = set of groups
Group = set of resources (channels, BSICs, HSNs)
Allocated resources must belong to the related domains
Frequencies
Domains and Groups of frequencies
Frequency band related

to the domain
Description of groups
The group 1 contains all the channels between 55 and 87 except the channel 60.
The group 2 contains all the channels between 10 and 30 and the channel 35.
One frequency domain assigned to each TRX type per cell type
Frequencies allocated to TRXs manually or automatically (using an AFP)
BSICs
Domains and Groups of BSICs

BSIC BCCH : cell identifier
Made of 2 codes
Network colour code (NCC 0 7) + BTS colour code (BCC 0 7)
Default format : octal (base 8)

NCC 5 + BCC 4 BSIC 54
Format selection in the transmitters context menu
Same procedure and GUI as the one available for frequency domain and group definition
One BSIC domain assigned to each transmitter
One BSIC allocated to each transmitter manually or automatically (using an AFP)
HSNs
Domains and Groups of HSNs
HSNs (hopping sequence number)

Random sequence generator
Description of the frequency hopping sequence
64 available values [0..63]
Pseudo-random sequences except HSN = 0 (cyclic hopping)
Same procedure and GUI as the one available for frequency domain and group definition
One HSN domain assigned to each TRX type per cell type
One HSN allocated to each subcell per transmitter manually or automatically (using an AFP)
Transmitter Properties : General Tab
HCS layer which the

transmitter belongs to
Specific layer
admission threshold
(optional) which
overwrites the default
layer threshold
Definition of Service Layers

Priority of the HCS layer
Highest value has the highest priority
Used in coverage predictions
Default reception threshold to be attached to a HCS layer

Used in coverage predictions with the layer priority parameter.
Highest priority layer will be considered only if the its signal level is
higher that this threshold.
May be used as layer border
Each transmitter can belong to a HCS layer (optional)
Transmitter Properties : TRXs Tab (1/2)
Choice of a cell type =

Template for Subcells
Each transmitter must
Specific max number of
refer to a cell type
TRXs
(mandatory)
(Only used for
Initialisation of subcell
Dimensioning)
parameters in
transmitters
Frequency band
related to the BCCH
Allowed propagation
subcell frequency
range for the considered
domain (used by
transmitter
propagation
models)
Transmitter identification
Reselect offset used for
parameters: BCCH, BSIC
the best idle mode
domain and BSIC value
reselection criterion (C2)
(NCC-BCC)
Transmitter Properties : TRXs Tab (2/2)
Subcell settings
properties initialised by
Scrolling box to select
the values given to the
the different views of the
selected cell type
subcell table (Standard,
Traffic Data, AFP Parameters related to
Indicators) dimensioning
Parameters related to
frequency hopping
List of TRXs
Allocated channels Button to access the
(automatic or manual) selected subcell property
Parameter related to dialogue
frequency hopping
Manual Resource Allocation (1/3)
Allocation of frequencies for each requested TRX of a subcell
1 BCCH TRX mandatory
Depends on the hopping mode defined in subcells

Non hopping or BBH mode : 1 frequency per TRX
SFH : 1 frequency list per TRX + MAIO
Depends on the allocation strategy : group constrained or free

Group constrained: only frequencies belonging to a same group in a frequency domain which are not
excluded for a given subcell can be allocated
Free: all the frequencies of a frequency domain excepted the ones excluded from the subcell can be
allocated
Allocation of the BCCH and the BSIC to each transmitter
Subcells and TRXs parameters in Transmitter Properties
TRX allocation : entire frequency Synchronisation site

HSN domain selection
group if Allocation strategy = used to calculate
and HSN allocation
Group Constrained collision probabilities
No. of TRXs to be
created per subcell
Channel allocation:
Allowed domains
1 per TRX (NH or BBH)
for related TRXs
List in SFH
List of TRX types to List of possible channels in the defined

To be filled when
be created empty by domains (Entire frequency group if
using SFH
default Allocation strategy = Group Constrained)
Allocation of frequencies in the TRX table
By copy-paste
Using the table generic import

From any ASCII text file
From any table exported using the generic export feature within Atoll
Training Programme
Available Predictions
Examples of Service Area Definition
Service and User Modelling
Coverage Predictions
Point Analysis Tool
Basic Quality Predictions
Interfered areas prediction
Coverage by C/I level
Circuit Service Dedicated Prediction

Circuit Quality Indicators
Packet Service Dedicated Predictions

Coding Scheme coverage
Packet throughput coverage
Point Analysis
Reception and Interference Analysis at a Given Point
Principles
Prediction Calculated for a given frequency plan
Definition of Service Areas in GSM/GPRS/EDGE
Definition of the service zone of each transmitter
Selection of the server
All
Best signal level
Second best signal
Best signal level per HCS layer
Second best signal level per HCS layer
HCS servers
Highest priority HCS server
Best idle mode reselection criterion (C2)

Using the reselection offset defined at the transmitter level
Network Model
Stations
3 tri-sectors base stations on a micro layer
1 omni base station on a macro layer
1 omni base station on an umbrella layer
Cells
Layers
Mobilities
3 mobilities defined in the network : pedestrian (3, 50 and 90 km/h)
All Servers
No competition between cells and between layers

Overlapping of all the layers
Border of each cell defined by its BCCH reception
threshold (-105/-102 dBm)
-105 dBm -102 dBm
Best Server
Layers not considered

Competition between cells whatever their layer is
No overlapping
threshold (-105/-102 dBm) and its ability to be the best
server
Best
server
limits
Second Best Server

No overlapping
threshold (-105/-102 dBm) and its ability to be the second
best server
2nd best
server
limits
Best Server per HCS Layer
One best server prediction per layer

Competition between cells on each different layer
Overlapping between layers is possible
threshold (-105/-102 dBm) and its ability to be the best
server on each layer
-105 dBm -102 dBm
Best server
limits on the
micro layer
Second Best Server per HCS Layer
One second best server prediction per layer

threshold (-105/-102 dBm) and its ability to be the second
best server on each layer
Only 1 server on the macro layer

and on the umbrella layer
No second best server on these
layers
-102 dBm
2nd best server

limits on the
micro layer
HCS Servers
One best server prediction per layer

threshold (-105/-102 dBm), its HCS admission threshold
(-105/-90-84 dBm) and its ability to be the best server on
each layer
-84 dBm
-90 dBm
Highest Priority HCS Server
Competition between cells and between layers

On each pixel, the coverage corresponds to the best
server on the highest priority layer, assuming the highest
priority is defined by the priority value (0:lowest) if the
received signal level exceeds the HCS layer threshold.
Overlapping between layers is not possible
threshold (-105/-102 dBm), its HCS admission threshold
(-105/-90-84 dBm) and its ability to be the best server on
the highest priority layer
In the case of same priority, the server with the highest
signal level difference from its layer threshold is selected.
-84 dBm
-90 dBm
-105 dBm
Zones where the

Zones where the micro micro layer has
and the macro layers the highest
have an higher priority priority
than the umbrella layer
Server with the Best Idle Mode Reselection Criterion (C2)

No overlapping
C1 = reception level - subcell reception threshold
When C1>0, C2 = C1 + cell reselection offset
threshold (-105/-102 dBm) and its ability to have the best
C2
Best C2
criterion
limits
Basic Quality Predictions (1/6)
Generic Dialog for all the predictions (General, Condition, Display tabs)
Available Coverage Prediction Templates

Coverage by C/I level prediction: global analysis of the network quality
Interfered areas prediction: areas where a Rx is interfered
Definition of the zone to study in the Condition Tab

Server selection
All
Best signal level / second best signal
Best signal level per HCS layer / second best signal level per HCS layer
HCS servers
Shadowing considered or not + Cell Edge Coverage Probability
Indoor coverage or not (receiver located indoor)
Subcell or user-defined reception thresholds
Interference Condition
Interference studied on a TRX type (or All)
Calculation of C/I and comparison with upper and lower thresholds
Subcell or user-defined C/I thresholds
Optional Interference Computations
Consideration or not of the receiver noise N (or user-defined value)
Consideration of C/I levels satisfied by at least one TRX or the worst one
Possibility to evaluate interference level on a specific channel
Separated study of the contribution of co and/or adjacent channels, external sources of interferences
(e.g. UMTS network)
Modelling of the DTX with a voice activity factor
Consideration of the traffic load per subcell
Detailed results
NH : per TRX type
BBH : per TRX type and MAL
SFH : per TRX type and MAL-MAIO
Colouring depending on attributes

C/I level, Max C/I level, Min C/I level
Transmitter
Any transmitter attribute...
Coverage by C/I Level Prediction

Global analysis of the network quality
Filter the useful

signal
Filter C/I
values
Interference
calculation options
Coverage by C/I Level Prediction
Overlapping zones
with a lower quality
(low C/I)
Interfered Zones Prediction

Areas where a Rx is interfered
Filter the useful

signal
Filter C/I
values
Threshold under which

interferences are
considered
Interference
calculation options
Interfered Zones Prediction
Areas where the receiver is

interfered (where the C/I is lower
than the user-defined threshold)
on the HCS server areas
Circuit Service Dedicated Predictions (1/6)
Codec Configurations in Transmitters
Type of configuration containing

the possible codec modes
which can be served by the
current transmitter
Codec Configurations in Terminals (Optional)
Type of optional configuration

containing the possible codec modes
which can be supported by the
current terminal
Generic Dialog for all the Predictions (General, Condition, Display tabs)
Principles
Coverage by FER, BER or MOS according to the radio conditions (C/N or C/I+N) and the
possible codecs for terminals and transmitters
Definition of the Zone to study in the Condition Tab
Definition of the Service Zone of each transmitter

Server selection
All
HCS servers
Subcell or user-defined reception thresholds
Consideration or not of the receiver noise N (or based on a user-defined value)
Filter on interfered TRX types (or all)
Optional interference computations
(e.g. UMTS network)
Quality Indicator Calculation

Based on defined codecs
Depending on radio conditions (C/N or C/I+N)
Consideration of the receiver noise N (or user-defined value)
Consideration of specific terminal and mobilities for compliancy with selected terminals and mobilities in
codec configuration
Colouring depending on Quality Indicators

BER, FER, MOS
Best BER, best FER, best MOS
Type of CQI displayed

(BER, FER or MOS)
Overlapping zones with a lower

quality and consequently where
the BER is higher
Packet Service Dedicated Predictions (1/10)
Coding Scheme Configurations in Transmitters
Type of configuration containing the Defines the capability (or not)

possible coding schemes which can be of the station to support or not
served by the current transmitter packet-switched traffic
Coding Scheme Configurations in Terminals (Optional)
Support of voice only

(GSM) or packet switched
traffic (GPRS or
GPRS\EDGE)
Max supported GPRS or Type of optional configuration containing

EDGE CS by the terminal the possible coding schemes which can
be supported by the current terminal
Generic Dialogs (General, Condition, Display tabs)
Available Coverage Prediction Templates

GPRS/EDGE Coding Scheme
Coding Schemes selected according to assigned Coding Scheme configuration and radio conditions
Throughput Predictions
RLC/MAC throughput/TS: gross throughput directly obtained from Coding Schemes
Application throughput/TS: obtained from RLC/MAC Throughput + scaling factor and offset defined per
service
Max throughput: Application throughput/TS multiplied by the number of TS available per connection
(defined in Terminals number of available TS + number of available carriers in case of EGPRS2 - and
in Services)
User throughput: Max throughput reduced by the reduction factor due to user multiplexing as defined in a
selected dimensioning model
Quality Predictions
BLER obtained from the difference between the served RLC/MAC throughput/TS and the maximum
RLC/MAC throughput/TS that the served Coding Scheme can provide.

Server Selection
All
HCS servers
Consideration or not of the receiver noise N (or user-defined value)
Filter on interfered TRX types (or all)
Optional interference computations
(e.g. UMTS network)
GPRS/EDGE Specific Options

Limitation to GPRS or EDGE Coding Schemes only (or both)
Min Coding Scheme between C and C/I graphs or max Coding Scheme between C/N and
C/I+N graphs
Ideal link adaptation (selection of the Coding Scheme providing the highest throughput)
Consideration of specific terminal and mobilities for compliancy with selected terminals and
mobilities in codec configuration
Possibility to colour the pixels depending on

Coding Scheme, Best Coding Scheme
Throughput per timeslot, best and average throughput per timeslot
RLC/MAC Throughput/TS
Application Throughput/TS
Effective Throughput per connection, best and average effective throughput per connection
Max Throughput
User Throughput
BLER or max BLER
GPRS/EDGE Coding Schemes
GPRS/EDGE Coding Schemes
High quality areas of a

EDGE-capable
transmitter
MCS9
High quality areas of

High quality areas a EGPRS2-capable
of a purely GPRS transmitter
transmitter DBS11
CS4
Overlapping zones
and consequently
with a lower Coding
Scheme
Packet Throughput and Quality
Selection of a propagation model to extract from

it the throughput reduction factor due to user
multiplexing Only used in User Throughputs
RLC/MAC and Application Throughputs
High quality areas of a

GPRS/EDGE
transmitter
High throughput
Overlapping zones
Low throughput
RLC/MAC and Application Throughputs
Application throughput
reduction compared to
RLC/MAC throughput
Point Interference Analysis (1/3)
Interference Window of Point Analysis Tool

Selection of potentially interfered transmitter
Indoor reception or not (receiver located indoor)
Filter on interfered TRX type (or all)
Filter on interferers
Possibility to consider any combination of co-channel, adjacent channel or external interferences (e.g.
UMTS network)
Possibility to consider or not the receiver noise N
Analysis
NH : per TRX type
BBH : per TRX type and MAL
SFH : per TRX type and MAL-MAIO
Std deviation type (model or C/I) + Cell Edge Coverage Probability
Reduction factor on signal and interference levels represented by partly filled bars
Interfered reception bar: reduction due to power offset
Interferer reception bars: reduction due to power offset, adjacent channel protection level, fractional
load, mean power control
Display on the map of interferers and related contributions to total interference
Differentiation between co-channel and adjacent channel interferers
Interference Tab in Point Analysis Window
Studied
transmitter,
subcell and
Interference area
TRX
based on C/I
Signal level conditions Display of
(C) of the adjacent channel
potential interference
victim at the
receiver Display of co-
channel Received noise
interference (I) from
surrounding co-
and adjacent
channels at the
receiver
Interference
types
Resulting C/I or C/I+N value
Transmitters participating in
the noise determination
Details Tab in Point Analysis Window
Interference area
based on C/I
conditions
Signal level and

interference level
for each received
transmitter on the
receiver location
Training Programme
Definitions
Importing Neighbours
Planning Intra-technology Neighbours
Displaying Neighbour Relations on the Map
Modifying Neighbour Relations Manually
Exporting Neighbour Relations
Definitions
Reference Cell
The cell to which you are allocating neighbours
Possible Neighbours
The cells that fulfil the requirements to be neighbours
Intra-technology Neighbours
The cells defined as neighbours that use the same technology as the reference cell
E.g., UMTS-UMTS, GSM-GSM, LTE-LTE
Inter-technology Neighbours
The cells defined as neighbours that use a technology other than the reference cell
technology
E.g., UMTS-GSM, UMTS-LTE, GSM-LTE
Importing Neighbours (1/2)
Possibility to copy/paste or to import a list of neighbours
Prerequisites
A text file with at least 2 columns
Name of the reference cells
Name of neighbour cells
Planning Intra-technology Neighbours (1/5)
Possibility to define neighbourhood constraints to be considered during the automatic

neighbour allocation
List of neighbour relations you may force

or forbid
Allocation Parameters
Maximum Number of Neighbours

Global value for all cells or value specified for each cell
Maximum Inter-site Distance
Allocation Strategy Based on the Overlapping of Cell Coverage
GSM Technology
Coverage Calculation
conditions options
Overlapping
criterion
Do not select the option if
Start allocation you want to keep existing
neighbours
GSM Technology
Overlapping Criterion
% min covered area is defined by the formula : (SA SB) / SA where :

SA is the coverage area of A restricted by HO start and HO end
SB is the best server area of Cell B B best server area
(Candidate)
A best server area
(Reference) B
A
Best signal level
for A - HO end
Best signal level

Minimum for A - HO start
BCCH of A
Allocation Result
Sorted List of Neighbours with Allocation Reasons and Importance Value (0-1)
Allocation results
Sort and filtering tools
Summary report listing existing, new Commit selected

and removed neighbours neighbours only
Displaying Neighbour Relations on the Map (1/3)
Select the icon in the toolbar and click a transmitter on the map
Additional Display Options
Click the icon from the toolbar
Symmetric link: site10_2(0) is

neighbour of site22_3(0) and
vice-versa
Direction of the neighbour

relation
Inwards link: site22_3(0) is
neighbour of site9_3(0)
Outwards link: site1_2(0) is

Possibility to display coverage area of cells neighbours according to any neighbour

characteristics on the map
Calculate and display a coverage by transmitter on the map
Display neighbour relations of the desired transmitter
Possibility to add/remove neighbour relations on the map using the ctrl and shift
shortcuts
Possibility to add/remove neighbours in the transmitter property dialogue
Neighbour list of BRU038_G2
List of transmitters within a 30 km

radius from the selected one
(sorted in a ascending inter-site
distance order)
Possibility to Copy/Paste or to Export the List of Neighbours
Training Programme
Requirements Overview
Define Transmitters to be allocated and/or taken into account

Focus & Computation zones
Filtering Zones
Active Transmitters
Define Resources
Frequency, BSIC and HSN domains creation
Set Network Parameters

Transmitters Level (BSIC, Weight, Locking options)
Subcells Level (Frequency Domain allocation, Required TRXs, Traffic Load, C/I threshold, ...)
TRXs Level (Locking options)
Neighbour Plan
Import a Neighbour plan
Interference Matrices
Calculate / Import an Interference Matrix
Requirements: Resources
Define Transmitters to be allocated and/or taken into account

Focus & Computation zones
Recommendation: if using both of them, put focus zone within computation zone
Filtered and Active Transmitters
Define Resources
Frequency Domain
BSIC Domain
HSN Domain
Requirements: Radio Parameters Settings
Set Network Parameters (dealing with AFP)

Transmitters Level
Weight [AFP tab]
Locking options [AFP tab]
BSIC domain allocation [TRXs tab]
Subcells Level
Frequency Domain Allocation
Excluded channels
Required TRXs
Reception threshold
C/I threshold
Traffic Load
Hopping Mode
Weight
TRXs Level
Locking options
Set Transmitters Parameters
BSIC Domain allocation

To define BSICs that can be assigned
Weights
To increase or decrease importance of Transmitters during AFP
Locking options
To keep an existing allocation
Possibility to keep:
Channel(s) (and MAIO) assigned to TRXs
allocated HSN
Allocated BSIC
Set Subcells Parameters (1/3)
A B C D E F G H I J K L
A- Frequency Domain Allocation*

Among the ones defined by users (see slide 4)
B- Excluded Channels
Channels that cannot be allocated (border coordination for example)
C- Required TRXs*
Number of physical TRXs to be created
D- DL Traffic Load*
Represents the TRX usage rate (Timeslots used / Timeslots available)
E- Reception Threshold*
Minimum reception level (if signal level lower than this, then no service)
F- C/I Threshold*
Minimum signal quality (if C/I lower than this, then signal is considered as interfered)
G- % max interference*
Maximum level of interference allowed within each service area
H- AFP weight
To increase or decrease importance of subcells during AFP
By default: BCCH weight = 2 and TCH weight = 1
I- Hopping Mode*
Three modes: Non Hopping OR Base Band Hopping OR Synthesized Frequency Hopping
J- Allocation Strategy
The allocation strategy used during manual or automatic frequency planning. There are two
available allocation strategies:
Free: Any of the channels belonging to the frequency domain can be assigned to TRXs.
Group Constrained: Each TRX will be assigned one of the groups defined in the frequency domain.
You can use the Preferred Frequency Group to define the preferred group of frequencies when using
the AFP
K- Max MAL Length

The maximum length of the mobile allocation list (MAL). In other words, the maximum number
of channels allocated to the TRXs of the subcell during Automatic Frequency Planning if the
Hopping Mode is either SFH or BBH
L- HSN domain*
The hopping sequence number (HSN) domain of the subcell
Requirements: Interference Matrix (1/3)
Calculation of Interference Matrices
Computation of C/I probabilities between pairs of victim/interferer subcells (for hypothetic co-
channel interferences)
Interference probability defined

in % of interfered area or traffic
Import of Interference Matrices
Loading of ASCII files containing C/I probabilities between pairs of victim/interferer subcells,
coming from OMC statistics or measurement analysis
4 formats supported
Clc : per pair of subcells, 1 histogram containing the
probabilities of having certain values of C/I, formatted in
columns (dictionary file .dct mandatory)
Im0 : per pair of subcells, 1 histogram containing the
probabilities of having certain values of C/I, formatted in rows
Im1 : per pair of subcells, 1 histogram containing the
probabilities of having certain values of C/I, formatted in
columns (no dictionary file needed)
Im2 : per pair of subcells, 1 Interference Matrix containing
the probabilities of having C/I value lower than the min C/I
threshold defined in the victims subcell.
Displays the Interference Matrix
scope and statistics
Interference Matrices properties
User-defined parameters, set

according to the Interference
Definition of the
Matrix type
interference type
(Used by the AFP model for
the matrix combination)
Overview
Possibility to start an AFP on all the transmitters, on a group of transmitters, or on a

single transmitter
Resources that can be allocated

Channels in case of non hopping
Channels and HSNs in case of BBH
MALs, MAIOs and HSNs in case of SFH
BSICs
Step by step initialization

Select involved items (AFP model, resources to be allocated, Interference Matrix, ...)
Define Separation Constraints
Define Locking, Traffic Load and DTX options
Define Target Computation Time
Run the AFP and display information during progress
Analyse results
Commit the new Frequency Plan
Before Starting
Before running the AFP allocation, check:
Zones (Filtering, Computation and Focus) definition
Transmitters & Subcells parameters settings
Save current Frequency Plan (if any) from TRXs table
Neighbours Table not empty
Activate/Deactivate Interference Matrices
Automatic Frequency Planning Process (1/14)
1st Step : Involved Items

Planning of different resources
User-defined strategies
Possibility to allocate AFP indicators
Selected AFP
model
Resources to
be allocated
Possibility to run specific

allocation strategies
(depending on the model)
Possibility to allocate
additional indicators
(depending on the model)
2nd Step : Separation Constraints
Definition of inter-channel separation constraints

Exceptional pairs
Co-site, co-cell and neighbours distinction
Traffic and control subcell distinction
Highest priority separation

rules (relax or increase the
default separation
constraints
Default
separation
rules
3rd Step : Advanced AFP Settings

Selection of the subcell type to be allocated
Other subcells are considered locked for this allocation
Possibility to lock existing TRXs regarding to their TRX type
Traffic load source (user-defined or from the default capture)
Consideration of not of the DTX mode (+ voice activity factor)
Selection of
Selection of subcells to be
the TRXs not
allocated. Only selected
to be re-
types may have their TRXs
allocated
created or re-allocated
4th Step : Loading and Checking The Network
Network loading
The transmitters to be allocated : TBA transmitters

Active and filtered transmitters which belong to the transmitters folder for which the AFP was
launched and to the focus zone (if existing or otherwise to the computation zone) as well
The potential interferers with TBA transmitters if the option load all interferers propagating in the focus
zone (or in the computation zone if not defined)
The transmitters involved in the specified separation conditions with TBA transmitters
Neighbours, co-site transmitters, transmitters or subcells of exceptional pairs, neighbours of
neighbours in case of BSIC allocation
5th Step : Last Settings Before Starting AFP
Network consistency checking

Non-blocking warnings : values
out of range, inconsistencies of the
existing allocation
Blocking errors : empty domains
Event viewer
The strategy used by the

AFP model depends on the
specified time
The path to a solution is

initialised by a seed
number
6th Step : Verifying AFP Progress

AFP progress dialogue General tab
AFP time progress
AFP real time cost

evolution

AFP progress dialogue Quality Indicators tab
Costs and components of all

the solutions having improved
the frequency plan

AFP progress dialogue Distributions tab
Initial and best cost Initial and best usages of

distributions of frequencies frequencies
7th Step : Analysing Allocation Results

AFP output dialogue : Summary tab
Initial and final AFP cost given

in term of correctly served
traffic (Total traffic Total cost)
AFP Time information
Costs and components of all

the solutions having improved
the frequency plan

AFP output dialogue : Allocation tab
AFP Allocation
Result Grid
AFP results
options
Possibility to
Event Viewer resume or assign
Summary the obtained
frequency plan

AFP output dialogue : results grid of the allocation tab
Allocated resources
Resource coloured according Information on separation Possibility to delete or keep

to its allocation status violation existing/initial allocation
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1 ential Do not share without prior permission
Confidential Slide 194 of 476
47

AFP output dialogue : result options of the allocation tab
Reset plan to previous one
Deletion of TRXs violating

separation constraints
Export results in text files
Information to be displayed
in the allocation grid

AFP output dialogue : Subcells tab
Cost components and AFP

indicators (possibly
depending on the selected
strategy when having run
the AFP) before and after
the allocation

AFP output dialogue : Distributions tab
Initial and final cost Initial and final usages of

distributions of frequencies frequencies
Training Programme
Interactive Frequency Planning
Network Consistency Checking
Find On Map Tool
Frequency Histograms
Interactive Frequency Planning Overview
Aim : verify the current frequency allocation

For each single transmitter
Interactively propose alternative solutions to the current allocation
Addition of new TRXs by selecting the most appropriate channel(s)
Selection of an available AFP model

Use of an AFP license
Use of the settings of the selected AFP model
Use of the active Interference Matrices
AFP : selection of channels according to the lowest overall cost over all the network
IFP : selection of channels according to the lowest cost obtained on the selected transmitter
Powerful graphic user interface

Variable thickness arrows to each interfered or interfering transmitter
Thickness defined according to interference probability
Possibility to filter transmitters according to their contribution to the AFP cost
Allocation and Channel Analysis (1/5)
IFP running Selection of a Selection of

command on the transmitter and an AFP
selected subcell a TRX type model
AFP properties,
settings and
related tables
Filtering
Alternative AFP cost
Selected subcell according to
allocations and components and
actual allocation components and
associated cost indicators
probabilities
Filtering
Alternative AFP cost
Selected subcell according to
allocations and components and
actual allocation components and
associated cost indicators
probabilities
Selection of an
alternative channel
Commit of the new
channel allocation
Selection of a
different subcell
Case of 1 missing
TRX
Selection of the channel to

be assigned to the new
TRX
Commit of the TRX

creation
Actual considered
item (new TRX)
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Interference Matrix Analysis
Analysis in case the

selected subcell is
either victim or
interferer
Probability given for

co-channel or
Using the same Victim or interferer Interference
adjacent channel
interface, possibility filtering probabilities
interferences
to analyse the IM
probabilities for a
given subcell
Network Consistency Checking
Tool to check the consistency of a network

Recommended after an automatic or manual allocation
Available by selecting frequency plan and audit in the transmitters folder context menu
Consistency checking performed on

The active and filtered transmitters which belong to the transmitters folder for which the audit
was launched and to the focus zone (if existing or otherwise to the computation zone) as well
:TBA transmitters
The potential interferers with TBA transmitters if the option load all interferers propagating in
the focus zone (or in the computation zone if not defined)
The transmitters involved in the specified separation conditions with TBA transmitters
(neighbours, co-site transmitters, transmitters or subcells of exceptional pairs, neighbours of
neighbours in case of BSIC allocation)
Systematic checking
Unique BCCH TRX per transmitter, consistency TRXs/cell types,
Additional checking on frequencies, HSNs and/or BSICs

Domains compliance, separation constraints, no empty domain, (BSIC-BCCH) checking,
Find On Map Tool (1/4)
Tool to visualise channel and BSIC reuse on the map
Possibility to find transmitters which are assigned a given :

Channel (of a specified type broadcast or not)
BCCH-BSIC pairs
HSNs
MAIOs
Any combination of any resource
Possibility to generate a report listing all the transmitters that use the searched channel (co-
channel) and its adjacent channels
Possibility to generate a report listing all the transmitters that use the searched (BSIC-BCCH)
pair
Possibility to generate a report listing all the transmitters that use the searched (Channel-
HSN) pair
Way to use this tool
Create and calculate a coverage by transmitter with a colour display by transmitter
Open the Find on Map tool available in the toolbar
Channel Reuse on the Map

Select the GSM Channel option
Search type
Search
options
Colours given to transmitters

Red: co-channel transmitters
Orange: co-channel transmitters and different subcell
Yellow: multi-adjacent channel (-1 and +1) transmitters
Green: adjacent channel (-1) transmitters
Blue: adjacent channel (+1) transmitters
Grey + Thin Line Symbol: other transmitters
BSIC-BCCH Reuse on the Map

Select the BSIC-BCCH Pair option
Search type
Search options
(BSIC given in value
or in NCC-BCC)

Red : searched transmitters
Grey : others
Channel-HSN Reuse on the Map
Search type
Search
options

Red : searched transmitters
Grey : others
Frequency Histograms
Display of the Frequency Distribution
Available by selecting frequency plan and channel distribution in the transmitters folder
context menu
THANK YOU!
ATOLL UMTS HSPA FEATURES
Training Programme
1. UMTS, HSDPA and HSUPA Concepts
2. UMTS HSPA Workflow in Atoll
3. Modelling a UMTS HSPA Network
4. UMTS, HSDPA and HSUPA Predictions
6. Scrambling Codes Planning
1. UMTS, HSDPA and HSUPA concepts
UMTS Concepts
HSDPA Concepts
HSUPA Concepts
UMTS Concepts (1)
The UMTS Planning Challenge
Multiservice + Multi-rate + High-rate
Wideband
Code Division Multiple Access Technique

All terminals share the same frequency
Mutual Degradation of Radio Links Defeated by Sophisticated Power Control
Coverage Linked to Traffic & Services

Cell Breathing
Realistic UMTS planning requires simulation of traffic and power control!
UMTS Concepts (2)
CPICH - Common Pilot Channel
CPICH Power Equivalent to BCCH Carrier Power in GSM
Always on Air
Approx. 5%..20% of the Total Carrier Power

1..4 Watts of 20w (30..36dbm of 43dbm)
Pilot Quality
Ec/Io Parameter
Ec: energy per chip (pilot signal)
Io: Downlink total noise spectral density
Measured by Mobile to Find its Best Server and Active Set
UMTS Concepts (3)
Soft Handoff
UMTS Handoff Strategy Different from GSM Hard Handoff

Mobile in Communication with Several Base Stations (Macro-diversity)
Mobile Active Set
Different Types of Soft Handoff

Soft, Softer,
Soft-soft, Softer-soft, Soft-softer
UMTS Concepts (4)
Active Set
Set of Transmitters Connected To Mobile
Active Set Determination
Best Pilot (Server)

Minimum Ec/Io : Pilot Quality Threshold
Highest Ec/Io
Admission of Other Transmitters in Active Set

Handover Margin : Active Set Threshold
Ec/Io within a Margin of Best Server
UMTS Concepts (5)
WCDMA Reception Parameter

"Energy per bit" is the generic radio reception requirement
Eb / Nt = ( C / R ) / ( I / W )
Eb : Energy of one bit ( Ws/ kb that is to say J / kb)

Nt : Total noise density ( W / MHz )
R: Nominal rate of the service (kbps)
W: Spreading width (MHz)
C: Carrier power (W)
I: Power of interfering carriers + thermal noise (W)
Eb / Nt = ( C / I ) . ( W / R )
C / I : interference ratio used in GSM/TDMA planning (W / W)

W / R : processing gain
UMTS Concepts (6)
Power Control
Power Control on Traffic Channel
Objectives
Solve near-far-problem of CDMA in the Uplink
Limit overall interference to maximize capacity
Ensure good reception for a maximum number of mobiles
Power control yields a network-wide compromise!
Means
Mobile Power Adjustment for Uplink
Base Station Power Adjustment for Downlink
UMTS power control is fast!
Main Results
Transmitter Load Conditions
DL Power Used
UL Load Factor = Interference / Total Noise
HSDPA Concepts (1)
HSDPA (High Speed Downlink Packet Access) is a 3GPP release 5 feature for UMTS
Designed for Data Service Applications

Aimed to provide, for the Downlink, significant reduced delays and peak rates up to 8-10
Mbps
Fully Release 99 Backward Compatible
Can co-exist on the same RF carrier with R99 UMTS traffic
Technical Aspects Modelled in Atoll
New Physical Channels

Fast Link Adaptation
Fast Scheduling at Node B
HSDPA Concepts (2)
New Transport and Physical Channels on the Downlink
HS-DSCH (High Speed Downlink Shared Channel): Transport Channel

HS-PDSCH (High Speed Physical Downlink Shared Channel): Associated Physical Channel
Carries user data
Both Time and Codes Shared Between Users
Within each 2 ms transmission time interval (TTI), a constant spreading factor of 16 is used with a
maximum of 15 parallel codes
2 to 4 users can share the code resources with the same TTI
Always Associated to a R99 DCH (Dedicated Channel)
HS-SCCH (High Speed Shared Control Channel)

Carries information to decode HS-DSCH (modulation, transport block size,)
Spreading Factor = 128
HSDPA Concepts (3)
New Physical Channel on the Uplink
HS-DPCCH (High Speed Dedicated Physical Control Channel)

Indicates the channel quality indicator (CQI) used for fast link adaptation
Carries the acknowledgement signal for retransmission process
Spreading Factor = 256
Fast Link Adaptation instead of Power Control
The HS-DSCH is transmitted at constant power over a TTI

Adaptive DL Data Rate by Changing:
The Modulation Scheme
The Coding
The Number of Codes
Based on:
The Reported CQI
UE (User Equipment) Category
HSDPA Concepts (4)
The scheduler chooses the data that will be transmitted in the next TTI
It sorts the users to be served
Different Scheduling Techniques

Max CQI: resource is allocated to the UE with the best radio propagation conditions
Round robin: every user is served in a sequential way
Proportional fair: resource is allocated to the UE with the highest instantaneous relative channel quality
No Soft Handover on DL
The mobile has only one link from its best-server
HSUPA Concepts (1)
HSUPA (High Speed Uplink Packet Access) is a 3GPP release 6 feature for UMTS
Designed for Data Service Applications

Aimed to Provide, for the Uplink, Peak Rates up to 3- 4 Mbps
Fully Release 99 Backward Compatible
Can co-exist on the same RF carrier with R99 UMTS traffic
Technical Aspects Modelled in Atoll
New Transport and Physical Channels

Fast Retransmission Mechanism
HSUPA Concepts (2)
New Transport and Physical Channels on the Uplink
E-DCH (Enhanced Dedicated Channel): Transport Channel

E-DPDCH (Enhanced Dedicated Physical Data Channel): associated physical channel
Carries user data
Dedicated channel: each UE has its own dedicated E-DCH
Always associated to a R99 DCH (dedicated channel)
Supports OVSF: SF2 - SF256
E-DPCCH (Enhanced Dedicated Physical Control Channel)

Transmits all the necessary information about the E-DPDCH in order to decode the data channel
transmission
Spreading factor = 256
HSUPA Concepts (3)
New Physical Channels on the Downlink
E-AGCH (Absolute Grant Channel)

Transmits an absolute value of the node B scheduler decision that lets the UE know the relative
transmission power it is allowed to use for data channel transmission
E-RGCH (Relative Grant Channel)

Transmits single set-up / set-down scheduling commands that affect the relative transmission power
the UE is allowed to use for data channel transmission
E-HICH (H-ARQ Indicator Channel)

Carries positive and negative acknowledgements for retransmission process
Multiplexed with E-RGCH to a single Downlink code channel of spreading factor 128
HSUPA Concepts (4)
HSUPA does not support fast link adaptation
Higher modulation order schemes are not supported
The shared resource on UL is the UL noise rise i.e., the total power received by the node B
receiver
The scheduler tasks are:

To equally share this resource between users and to maintain the interference level experienced close
to the maximum
To select the transport format (no. of bits to be transmitted in a TTI) for the E-DCH transport channel
with respect to:
The maximum terminal power allowed
The UE (User Equipment) category
Soft handover is supported
HSPA Evolution Concepts
New features introduced in the release 7 of the 3GPP/WCDMA specifications in order

to enhance HSPA performance
This is referred to as HSPA evolution or HSPA+
Improvements Modelled in Atoll
Use of MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) Systems in DL

Use of multiple antennas at both transmitter and receiver
Transmit and receive diversity: several transmission or reception antennas to send or receive more
than one copy of the same signal.
Improves the quality at the receiver
Used for regions with bad quality conditions
Spatial multiplexing: several transmission antennas to send different signals on each antenna or
reception antennas to receive different signals.
Improves the throughput for a given HS-PDSCH Ec/Nt
Used for regions with sufficient HS-PDSCH Ec/Nt conditions
Support of Higher-order Modulation Schemes

64QAM in DL and 16QAM in UL
Training Programme
Open an existing project
or create a new one
- Add Network Elements ACP
- Change Parameters
Basic Predictions
Monte-carlo
Traffic Maps User-defined Values
Simulations
Cell Load
Conditions
UMTS/HSPA Predictions Scrambling Code Plan
Prediction Study Reports

Training Programme
2. UMTS HSPA Planning Overview
5. Monte-Carlo Based Simulation
Cell Parameters
Can be defined in the Transmitter Properties Dialogue
Frequency Band [General Tab]
Transmission and Reception Losses, Noise Figure [Transmitter Tab]

Either calculated according to the equipment characteristics (TMA, feeder cables, BTS), or user-
defined
Can be defined in the Transmitter Properties Dialogue
Diversity Parameters [Transmitter Tab]
Carriers with all their Characteristics [Cells Tab]
Cell Parameters
A cell is defined as a carrier, with all its characteristics, on a transmitter
Corresponds to the (Tx - Carrier) pair
Main Parameters
Cell Transmit power

Max Power (dBm)
The maximum cell capacity
Maximum power
Pilot Power (dBm)

Used to calculate the RSCP and Ec/I0
SCH Power (dBm)

The average power of synchronisation channels
Total power
Other CCH Power (dBm)
TCH User 3
The power of other common channels
TCH User 2
TCH User 1
Total Power (dBm or %) Other CCH
SCH
Total Transmitted Power in DL
CPICH
Input used in the DL predictions
Cell Parameters
Main Parameters
Cell Transmit power
UL Load Factor (%)

Maximum power
UL Cell Load Factor
Total power
Input used in the UL predictions
HSPA Support
Indicates whether the cell supports HSDPA, HSPA or HSPA+ HSPA
HSDPA Power (dBm)

The power available for the HS-SCCH and HS-PDSCH of HSDPA users TCH User 3
TCH User 2
TCH User 1
DL HSUPA Power (dBm)
Other CCH
The power allocated to HSUPA DL channels SCH
CPICH
MIMO Support
The MIMO technique (transmit diversity or spatial multiplexing) used by the cell when it supports
HSPA+
Cell Parameters
Main Parameters
AS Threshold (dB)
Maximum difference between the pilot quality of the best-server and the pilot quality of the candidate
cells
Used to determine which cells, apart from the best server, will be part of the mobile active set
Primary Scrambling Code
List of Neighbours
Access to a dialogue where you can set both intra-technology (UMTS-UMTS) and inter-technology
(UMTS-GSM) neighbours
Training Programme
Load Conditions
Point Analysis Tool
UMTS Dedicated Coverage Predictions

Quality Studies
Handover Study
Noise Studies
HSDPA Dedicated Coverage Predictions

Quality Studies
Rate/Throughput Studies
HSUPA Dedicated Coverage Predictions

Quality Studies
Rate/Throughput Studies
Point Analysis
Radio Reception Analysis at a Given Point

Pilot Quality, Active Set, Connection Status
Principles of Predictions
Predictions are calculated for
Given Load Conditions

Either defined in the cell properties or taken from a Monte-Carlo simulation
Monte-carlo Values User-defined

Traffic Maps
Simulations in the Cells Table
Cell Load
Conditions
UMTS/HSPA Predictions
A Non-interfering User with

A Service
A Mobility
A Terminal Type
Load Conditions
Values taken into consideration
in predictions for each cell
For UMTS predictions

DL power used For HSUPA predictions
UL load factor UL load factor
Maximum UL load factor
UL load factor due to HSUPA
For HSDPA predictions UL reuse factor
DL power used Number of HSUPA users
HSDPA power
Number of HSDPA users
Coverage Prediction Settings
If no simulation is selected
Prediction based on DL power and UL Display type template
load from cells table
User and carrier specification Tip text content and legend
Available in the Traffic Parameters Folder
Parameters Tab of the Explorer Window
Main Service Parameters
R99 Bearer Parameters

The maximum traffic channel power (dBm)
Body Loss (dB)

The losses due to the body of the user
Main Mobility Type Parameters
Ec/Io Threshold (dB)

The minimum Ec/I0 required from a transmitter to
enter the active set as the best server
Main Terminal Parameters
Frequency Bands and Related Noise Figures

(dB)
Maximum Terminal Power (dBm)
Gain (dB) and Losses (dB)
Active Set Size
HSPA Capability and HSPA-Specific

Parameters
Principles of UMTS Predictions
UMTS predictions can be calculated

To Analyse the Pilot Quality (Ec/Io)
To Analyse the Quality on UL and DL Traffic Channels (UL/DL Eb/Nt)
To Analyse the Service Areas
To Analyse the Handover Areas
To Analyse the DL Total Noise
To Analyse the Pilot Pollution
UMTS Prediction Inputs

DL Power Used
Used for DL Predictions (e.g., Ec/Io, DL Eb/Nt, etc.)
UL Load Factor
Used for UL Predictions (e.g., UL Eb/Nt, etc.)
User Description: Terminal, Service and Mobility Type
Display Options for UMTS Coverage Predictions
Prediction Study Type Display Parameter
Ec/I0
Pilot Reception Analysis (Ec/Io) Ec/I0 Margin
Transmitter, etc
Maximum Eb/Nt
Service Area (Eb/Nt) Downlink Effective Eb/Nt
Eb/Nt Margin
Required Power, etc
Maximum Eb/Nt
Effective Eb/Nt
Service Area (Eb/Nt) Uplink Eb/Nt Margin
Required Power
Soft Handover Gain, etc
Effective Service Area Unique, etc
Handoff Status
Handover Status
Number of Potential Servers
Pilot Pollution Number of Polluters
Minimum, Maximum or Average Noise Level
Downlink Total Noise
Minimum, Maximum or Average Noise Rise
UMTS Prediction Examples (1)
Pilot Reception Analysis Study
Pilot Pollution Study
Service Area (Eb/Nt) Uplink Study
Effective Service Area Study
Handover Status Prediction Study
Downlink Total Noise Study
Principles of HSDPA Predictions
HSDPA prediction can be calculated
To Analyse the UL and DL A-DPCH Qualities

To Analyse the HS-SCCH Quality/Power
To Model Fast Link Adaptation for a Single User within the Cell
To Model Fast Link Adaptation for Many Users within the Cell
To Analyse the Probability of Having a Certain HSDPA Radio Bearer
HSDPA Prediction Inputs
The Cell Total Power

The Cell HSDPA Power
The number of HSDPA users within the cell if the study is calculated for several users
HSDPA User Description: Terminal, Service and Mobility Type
Display Options for HSDPA Predictions
Study Objective Conditions Display Parameter
All HSDPA Radio Max DL A-DPCH Eb/Nt

A-DPCH Quality Analysis Bearers Considered Max UL A-DPCH Eb/Nt
All HSDPA Radio HS-SCCH Ec/Nt
HS-SCCH Quality and Power Study Bearers Considered HS-SCCH Power
HS-PDSCH Ec/Nt
CPICH/HS-PDSCH CQI
Fast Link Adaptation Modelling for a All HSDPA Radio MAC Rate
Single User Bearers Considered RLC Peak Rate
Application Throughput
etc
MAC Throughput per Mobile
Fast Link Adaptation Modelling for a All HSDPA Radio
RLC Throughput per Mobile
Several Users Bearers Considered
Application Throughput per Mobile
Probability of Having a Certain RLC One HSDPA Radio Cell Edge Coverage Probability
Peak Rate Bearer Selected
Fast Link Adaptation Modelling
Atoll determines the best HSDPA bearer that each user can obtain
Process : Prediction Done Via Look-up Tables
CPICH/HS- HSDPA
c CQI d bearer e Look-up of RLC
PDSCH Ec/Nt
calculation peak rate
evaluation Selection
Modelling for a Single User

Each pixel of the map is considered as one HSDPA user
Each HSDPA user is processed as if he is the only user in the cell => he uses the entire
available HSDPA power of the cell
Modelling for Several Users

Atoll considers several HSDPA users per pixel
The cell HSDPA power is shared between users
HSDPA Prediction Example
HSDPA Study Display by RLC Peak Rate for a Single User
Principles of HSUPA Predictions
HSUPA prediction can be calculated to analyse

The Power Required by the Terminal
The Required E-DPDCH Quality
The Rates and Throughputs
HSUPA Prediction Inputs

The Cell UL Load Factor
The Cell UL Load Factor due to HSUPA
The Cell UL Reuse Factor
The Maximum Cell UL Load Factor
The number of HSUPA users within the cell if the study is calculated for several users
HSUPA User Description: Terminal, Service and Mobility Type
Two Calculation Options

HSUPA resources are dedicated to a single user
HSUPA resources are shared by several users
Display Options for HSUPA Predictions
On each pixel, you can display
The E-DPDCH Ec/Nt required to obtain the HSUPA bearer
The terminal power required to obtain the HSUPA bearer
The RLC peak rate that the HSUPA bearer can provide
The minimum RLC throughput that the HSUPA bearer can provide
The average RLC throughput that the HSUPA bearer can provide
The application throughput that the HSUPA bearer can provide
Etc.
Noise Rise Scheduling Modelling
Atoll determines the best HSUPA bearer that each user can obtain
Process : Prediction Done via Look-up Tables

Calculation of the HSUPA
Calculation of c Load sharing d e f Look-up of RLC
maximum E- bearer
the remaining between
DPDCH Ec/Nt peak rate
load users Selection
allowed
Modelling for a Single User

Each pixel of the map is considered as one HSUPA user
Each HSUPA user is processed as if he is the only user in the cell => he uses the entire
remaining load of the cell
Modelling for Several Users

Atoll considers several HSUPA users per pixel
The remaining load of the cell is equally shared between users
HSUPA Prediction Example
HSUPA Study Display by RLC Peak Rate for a Single User
Point Analysis (1)
AS Analysis Tab of the Point Analysis Tool Window
Radio Reception Analysis at a Given Point

Pilot Quality
Active Set of the Probe Mobile
Connection Status
Inputs
DL Power Used and UL Load Factor of Cells for R99 Bearer Connection
Available HSDPA Power of Cells for HSDPA Bearer Users
UL Load Factor, UL Load Factor due to HSUPA, UL Reuse Factor and Maximum UL Load
Factor of Cells for HSUPA Bearer Users
User Description: Terminal, Service and Mobility Type
Point Analysis tool can be also made to verify a coverage prediction

Display the Coverage Prediction on the Map
Recreate the Conditions of the Coverage Prediction
Point Analysis (2)
Active Set /
handover status
also shown in the
map-window
Choice of UL&DL load conditions : if (cells table) is selected

Analysis based on parameters from the Cells table
Pilot
availability
R99 TCH
availability in
UL and DL
Cells of the mobile Lower limit of the Active Set Best server threshold to be part of the
User and carrier Active Set (greyed (best pilot quality - Active Active Set (depending on the mobility
specification zone) Set threshold) type)
Training Programme
Definitions
Planning Inter-technology Neighbours
Definitions
Reference Cell
Possible Neighbours
technology


or forbid

UMTS Technology
Intra-carrier neighbours: neighbours which perform handover using the same carrier
Inter-carrier neighbours: neighbours which perform handover using a different carrier
Coverage conditions Calculation options
Do not select the option if

Overlapping Start allocation you want to keep existing
criterion
neighbours
UMTS Technology Intra-carrier Neighbours

SA is the best server area of cell A. Cell A is the first one in the AS
SB is the area where cell B can enter the as of cell A
B best server area
A best server (Candidate)
area
(Reference) B
A SA SB :
Area where :
Ec/Io(B) Ec/Io(A) Ec/Io
margin(A)
Minimum
Ec/Io for
A
UMTS Technology Inter-carrier Neighbours
Overlapping Criterion (carrier saturation)
% min covered area is defined by the formula : (SA SB) / SB where :

SA is the best server area (on carrier 1) + handoff area of cell A
B best server area
SB is the best server area of cell B (on carrier 2)
(Carrier 2 -
A best server area candidate)
(Carrier 1 -
reference) B
Minimum
Ec/Io for Best Ec/Io for
A A - Ec/Io
margin
UMTS Technology Inter-carrier Neighbours
Overlapping Criterion (out of carrier coverage)
% min covered area is defined by the formula : (SA SB) / SB where :

SA is the coverage area of A + Ec/Io margin (and best server on carrier 1)
SB is the best server area of cell B (on carrier 2) B best server area
(Carrier 2 - candidate)
Minimum Ec/Io for A

A
and A best server
area (carrier 1 -
reference)
Minimum Ec/Io for A

+ Ec/Io margin
Allocation Result
Allocation results

Planning Inter-technology Neighbours (1/5)


or forbid

2 Allocation Strategies
Based on distance
Based on overlapping between coverage areas
Inter-technology Neighbour Automatic Allocation
Calculation options
Coverage conditions
Overlapping criterion
Start allocation Do not select the option if
you want to keep existing
neighbours
Coverage Conditions
GSM
BCCH signal level
Area where the BCCH signal level of the cell is either the highest one or within a margin of the highest
one
UMTS
Pilot quality (Ec/I0)
Area where the cell is either the best server in terms of pilot quality or a cell of the active set
LTE
Reference signal level
Area where the reference signal level of the cell is either the highest one or within a margin of the
highest one
Allocation Result
Allocation results
Commit selected
Summary report listing existing, new neighbours only
and removed neighbours

vice-versa

relation


shortcuts

distance order)
Training Programme
6. Scrambling Code Planning
General Settings
Automatic Allocation
Scrambling Code Search Tool
Scrambling Code Histograms
Scrambling Code Interference Zone Prediction
General Settings
512 Scrambling Codes Available (0-511)
Management of Coordination Problems and Separations Between Scrambling Codes
Definition of Domains and Groups of Scrambling Codes

1 domain = set of groups
1 group consists of several scrambling codes
A domain of scrambling codes may be assigned to each cell
Cells table
Possibility to specify pairs of cells which cannot have the same scrambling code
Allocation Criteria
First, Second and Third Order Neighbours
Additional Conditions on Ec/Io
Reuse Distance
Comparison between the inter-transmitter distance and the reuse distance (can be defined at the cell level)
SC Domain Assigned to the Cell
Number of Scrambling Codes per Cluster
Forbidden Pairs
Allocation Strategies
Clustered
Use a minimum number of clusters
Distributed per Cell
Use as many clusters as possible
One cluster per Site
Distributed per Site
Use a group of adjacent clusters per site
Allocation Options
Possibility to force the largest spectrum possible
Possibility to allocate carriers identically
Examples of Allocation Strategies
Conditions
O 3 clusters consisted of 8
codes :
cluster 0 : 0 to 7
Distributed
Clustered cluster 1 : 8 to 15
per cell
cluster 2 : 16 to 23
O maximum use of codes
One cluster Distributed

per site per site
Constraints on neighbour relations
Allocation
strategy
Start allocation
Allocation result
Commit scrambling
codes to cells
Scrambling Code Search Tool
Tool to View Scrambling Code Reuse on the Map
Scrambling code or group of scrambling

codes to be located on the map
Calculate a coverage by transmitter and
display it on the map
Colours given to
transmitters
Red : transmitters which
cells have the specified
scrambling code
List of transmitters
which cells have the Grey : other
defined scrambling transmitters
code
Scrambling Code Histograms
View of the Scrambling Code Distribution
Scrambling code or
cluster distribution
Distribution table
Scrambling Code Interference Zone Prediction
Display of Scrambling Code Interference Zones according to the Interfered

Transmitter
Scrambling code interference when the best server and other transmitters satisfying
conditions to enter the user as have the same scrambling code
Training Programme
THANK YOU!
ATOLL LTE FEATURES
Training Programme
1. LTE Concepts
2. LTE Planning Overview
3. Modelling a LTE Network
4. LTE Predictions
6. Automatic Frequency and PCI Planning
7. Frequency and PCI Plan Analysis
8. Monte-Carlo Simulations
1. LTE Concepts
Overview
OFDM/OFDMA Basics
LTE Frame Structure
What is 4G?
Evolution of 3GPP Standards

Release 99: UMTS FDD (3G)
Release 4: UMTS TDD + FDD Repeaters (3G)
Release 5: HSDPA (3.5G)
Release 6: HSUPA (Enhanced Uplink) + MBMS (3.5G)
Release 7: HSPA+ (2x2 MIMO, Higher Order Modulation, etc.) (3.75G)
Release 8: LTE FDD and TDD (3.9G)
Release 10: LTE Advanced (4G)
WCDMA HSDPA/HSUPA HSPA+ LTE LTE Adv.

384 kbps downlink 14 Mbps peak downlink 28 Mbbs peak downlink 100 Mbps peak downlink 100 Mbps to 1Gbps
128 kbps uplink 5.7 Mbps peak uplink 11 Mbps peak uplink 50 Mbps peak uplink peak downlink
~1 to 2 Mbps per user
LTE
3GPP 3GPP LTE Advanced
3GPP Release 99/4 Release Release 3GPP 3GPP
5/6 7/8 Release 8 Release
10
Technologies
CDMA CDMA CDMA OFDMA OFDMA
(+ Diversity) (+ Diversity) + MIMO SC-FDMA SC-FDMA
MIMO MIMO
OFDM/OFDMA Basics
OFDM Definition
Advanced OFDM : OFDMA
Multiple Access Techniques and Duplexing Methods
Benefits of OFDM/OFDMA
OFDM/OFDMA in LTE
What is OFDM ?
OFDM = Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing

Also known as Discrete MultiTone (DMT) or Multi-Carrier Modulation (MCM)
Advanced form of Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM)

FDM : single modulated radio signal per user
OFDM : hundreds to thousands of separated radio signals (subcarriers) spread across a wideband
channel. In OFDM, the sub-carrier frequencies are chosen so that the subcarriers are orthogonal to
each other
Time period for modulation: OFDM symbol

Adjustable guard periods : cyclic prefix used to dissipate multipath effect
Symbol rate = f(channel bandwidth, carrier spacing - Distance between subcarriers)
OFDM Frequency and Time Domains
Time
Symbols
Subcarriers
Frequency
1 OFDM symbol
OFDM subcarriers
OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing)
Centre point of subcarrier c intersects with

subcarriers c-1 and c+1 at their 0 values
Narrowband orthogonal carriers negligible inter-carrier-interference (ICI)
Long symbol durations + cyclic prefix negligible inter-symbol-interference (ISI)
No ICI and ISI no intra-cell interference
Possibility to support less robust modulations like 64QAM, 16QAM, for higher throughput
Advanced OFDM : OFDMA
OFDMA : Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access
OFDMA
Each user can be assigned only a part of the entire channel at a time
Ability to subdivide the subcarrier population : more than one user served at a time
Resource Blocks
Multiplexing and Duplexing
Uses SOFDMA (same as WiMAX 802.16e) in DL

SOFDMA: Scalable Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access
Uses SC-FDMA in UL (an OFDM variant not much different from SOFDMA)
SC-FDMA: Single-Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access
Can be deployed in FDD and TDD
LTE Channel Structure
OFDMA in DL and SC-FDMA (Single Carrier FDMA) in UL

A channel is composed of more than 1 Frequency Block (FB)
Equivalent of Subchannel in WiMAX
Fixed width = 180 kHz (LTE system level constant)
1 Frequency Block over 1 slot = 1 Resource Block (RB) (Elementary unit assigned to 1 user)
Benefit of SC-FDMA: Low Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) Easier UE Design
Each FB is composed of many Subcarriers

Two Subcarrier widths possible: 15 kHz, 7.5 kHz
1 FB = 12 SCa of 15 kHz OR 24 SCa of 7.5 kHz
7.5 kHz specified for MBMS/SFN services
1 subcarrier over 1 SD = 1 Resource Element (RE)
LTE Channel Structure
Spectrum Subcarrier Number Number of Sampling

FFT Size
Allocation Spacing of RBs Subcarriers Frequency
1.92 MHz
1.4 MHz 6 72 128
(1/2 x 3.84)
3.84 MHz
3 MHz 15 180 256
(1 x 3.84)
7.68 MHz
5 MHz 15 kHz 25 300 512
(2 x 3.84)
15.36 MHz
10 MHz 50 600 1024
(4 x 3.84)
(7.5 kHz 23.04 MHz
15 MHz for MBMS) 75 900 1536
(6 x 3.84)
30.72 MHz
20 MHz 100 1200 2048
(8 x 3.84)
LTE Frame Structure
TDD and FDD

Specific frame structures for TDD and FDD
1 frame = 10 ms = 2 half-frames (TDD) = 10 subframes or TTI (each 1 ms)
= 20 slots (each 0.5 ms)
1 slot (0.5 ms) = 6 or 7 symbol durations
Two possible cyclic prefix durations: Normal or Extended (resp. 7 or 6 OFDM symbols per slot)
Control channels transmitted on subframes 0 and 5 (always DL)
10 ms
LTE Frame
1 ms
SF 0 SF 1 .. SF 9
0.5 ms
Slot Slot
Slot 0 Slot 1 Slot 2 Slot 3 .. 18 19
OFDM OFDM OFDM OFDM OFDM OFDM OFDM

CP
CP
CP
CP
CP
CP
CP
Symbol 0 Symbol 1 Symbol 2 Symbol 3 Symbol 4 Symbol 5 Symbol 6
Physical Channels
Random
HARQ feedback access
CQI reporting
UL scheduling request
CQI reporting for MIMO Traffic
related feedback
Pilot, Slot/Frame
synchronization &
Cell Id identification eNode-B
Traffic, MBMS HARQ feedback

Control information Transport format
Paging UL scheduling grant
Resource allocation
OFDMA LTE Frame (DL)
Structure of a Resource Block

Frame structure of Type I, 1 antenna, F = 15 kHz (1 subcarrier)
Standard frequency block
Any frequency block within the centre 6 frequency blocks:
Legend:
Downlink Reference Signals
PBCH (Physical Broadcast Channel)
PSS (Primary Synchronisation Signal)
SSS (Secondary Synchronisation Signal)
PDCCH / PHICH / PCFICH (Physical - Downlink Control / HARQ Indicator / Control Format Indicator - Channels)
PDSCH (Physical Downlink Shared Data Channel)
Subcarriers in a resource block are adjacent
RBs allocated to mobiles are not necessarily adjacent Interference Coordination
OFDMA LTE Frame (DL)
7 OFDM symbols at normal CP per slot (0.5 ms)

CP
CP
CP
CP
CP
CP
CP
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Legend:
Downlink Reference signals
Centre 6 RBs
PBCH
1 subframe = 2 slots (1 ms) PSS
SSS
PDCCH / PHICH / PCFICH
PDSCH
180 kHz
SF 0 SF 1 SF 2 SF 3 SF 4 SF 5 SF 6 SF 7 SF 8 SF 9
Channel Bandwidth
1 frame (10 ms)

= 10 subframes (1 ms)
= 20 slots (0.5 ms)
PSS and SSS ~ Preamble in WiMAX

DL Reference signals ~ Pilot subcarriers in WiMAX
SC-FDMA LTE Frame (UL)
7 OFDM symbols at normal CP per slot (0.5 ms)

CP
CP
CP
CP
CP
CP
CP
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Legend:
UL DRS (Uplink Demodulation Reference Signal)
UL SRS (Uplink Sounding Reference Signal)
1 subframe = 2 slots (1 ms) PUCCH (Physical Uplink Control Channel) (incl. HARQ
feedback and CQI reporting)
Demodulation Reference Signal for PUCCH
PUSCH (Physical Uplink Shared Data Channel)
180 kHz
SF 0 SF 1 SF 2 SF 3 SF 4 SF 5 SF 6 SF 7 SF 8 SF 9
Channel Bandwidth
1 frame (10 ms)

= 10 subframes (1 ms)
= 20 slots (0.5 ms)
Training Programme
1. LTE Concepts
4. LTE Predictions
LTE Features Supported in Atoll
LTE Workflow in Atoll
LTE Features supported in Atoll
Supports Evolved UTRA (3GPP Release 8 LTE) Networks

Various Frequency Bands
Scalable Channel Bandwidths
Resource Blocks per Channel and Sampling Frequencies
Support of TDD and FDD Frame Structures
Half-frame/Full-frame Switching Point Periodicities for TDD
Normal and Extended Cyclic Prefixes
Downlink and Uplink Control Channels and Overheads

Downlink and uplink reference signals, PSS, SSS, PBCH, PDCCH, PUCCH, etc.
RSRP, RSSI and RSRQ Support in predictions and Simulations

Physical Cell IDs Implementation
Inter-Cell Interference Coordination Support

Fractional Frequency Reuse Modelling
Support of Fractional Power Control (UL)
Support of Directional CPE Antennas
Signal Level Based Coverage Planning
CINR Based Coverage Planning
Possibility of Fixed Subscriber Database for Fixed Applications

Network Capacity Analysis using Monte Carlo Simulations
Scheduling and Resource Allocation in Two-dimensional Frames
Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) Systems

Transmit and Receive Diversity
Single-User MIMO or spatial multiplexing
Adaptive MIMO Switch (AMS)
Modelling of Multi-User MIMO (collaborative MIMO UL only)
Tools for Resource Allocation

Automatic Allocation of Neighbours
Automatic Allocation of Physical Cell IDs
Specific Module
Automatic Allocation of Frequencies (AFP)
Network Verification Possible using Drive Test Data
LTE Workflow in Atoll
Open an existing project or
create a new one
- Add network elements ACP
- Change parameters
Basic Predictions
Automatic or Manual Neighbour Allocation
Automatic or Manual Frequency Planning
Automatic or Manual Physical Cell ID Planning
Traffic Maps
Monte-Carlo User-defined
And/or
Simulations Values
Cell Load
Subscriber Lists
Conditions
Signal Quality and

Throughput Predictions
Frequency Plan Prediction Study
Analysis Reports
Training Programme
1. LTE Concepts
4. LTE Predictions
Global Settings
Frequency Band definition
Frame Structure Settings
Radio Parameters
Site
Transmitters
Cells
Global Settings (1/2)
Frequency Bands
Atoll can model multi-band networks within the same document
TDD (Time Division Duplexing) or FDD (Frequency Division Duplexing)
One frequency band assigned to each cell
Global Settings (2/2)
Normal (default) or extended

LTE Frame Structure definition cyclic prefix (No. of SD per slot)
e.g.: at 15 kHz, 7 SD/slot Number of SD for
(normal) or 6 SD/slot (extended) PDCCH (0,1,2 or 3)
carrying DL and UL
Resource allocation
information
Average number of
resource blocks for
PUCCH
TDD option only :

Switch from DL to UL
every half frame
(default) or every
System-level constants (Hard-coded) frame
Width of a resource block (180 kHz)
Frame duration (10 ms)
Other control channel overheads defined by 3GPP (calculated based on 3GPP specs)
Reference signals, PSS, SSS, PBCH, etc.
Radio Parameters Overview
Site
X (longitude) and Y (latitude)
Transmitters Presented in
General Features
Activity
Antenna configuration (model, height, azimuth, mechanical & electrical tilts...)
UL & DL Losses / UL Noise Figure
Propagation (Model, Radius and resolution)
Cells
Frequency Band & Channel
PCI
Power definition
Min RSRP
UL & DL Load
Diversity Support
Neighbours
Antenna Configuration and Losses Cells parameters
Propagation settings
parameters (see next slide)
DL and UL
total losses,
UL noise
figure
Antenna
Configuration
Cell Parameters
Cells frequency band

Cell activity
Channel number in the

Physical Cell ID + resulting frequency band (and
PSS/SSS (and allocation status) allocation status)
Power and energy

offsets from computed
reference signal
Min RSRP used as cell
coverage limit
DL traffic load
Load
Conditions UL noise rise due to
surrounding mobiles MIMO Configuration
ICIC and Fractional Power

Control Parameters
Inputs of the neighbour (Advanced)
allocation algorithm
Neighbour list
Training Programme
1. LTE Concepts
4. LTE Predictions
4. LTE Predictions
Introduction
Parameters used in Predictions
Prediction Settings
Coverage Prediction Examples
Point Analysis Studies
Introduction
General Studies based on Downlink Reference Signal Levels
Best server plot based on downlink reference signal levels
Multiple server coverage based on downlink reference signal levels
Reference signal level plots
Reference signal CNR plots
RSRP (Average Reference Signal Level Received Power per Subcarrier) plots
LTE UL and DL Specific Studies

SS, PDSCH, PBCH, PDCCH and PUSCH/PUCCH Signal Level Plots
SS, PDSCH, PBCH, PDCCH and PUSCH/PUCCH CNR Plots
Quality Studies (RSSI Received Signal Strength Indicator, RSRQ Reference Signal Received Quality,
Reference Signal, SS, PDSCH, PBCH, PDCCH and PUSCH/PUCCH CINR and interference plots, UL
Allocated Bandwidth, UL Transmission Power)
Best Bearer and Modulation Plots based on PDSCH and PUSCH CINR Levels
Throughput and Cell Capacity per pixel plots based on PDSCH and PUSCH CINR levels
Peak RLC, Effective RLC, and Application Channel Throughputs
Peak RLC, Effective RLC, and Application Throughputs averaged per User
Peak RLC, Effective RLC, and Application Cell Capacities
Peak RLC, Effective RLC, and Application Aggregate Cell Throughputs
Peak RLC, Effective RLC, and Application Allocated Bandwidth Throughputs (UL)
Point Predictions
Introduction
Principles of the studies based on traffic
Study calculated for
Given load conditions

UL noise rise
DL traffic load
A non-interfering user with

A service
A mobility
A terminal type (in case of a directive antenna , it is oriented towards the serving cell)
Load Conditions
Load conditions are defined in the cells table
Values taken into consideration in

predictions for each cell
Service Properties
Parameters used in predictions

Highest bearers in UL and DL
Body loss
Application throughput parameters
Mobility Properties
Parameters used in Predictions

Mapping between mobilities and thresholds in bearer and quality indicator determination (as
radio conditions depend on user speed).
Terminal Properties
Min & Max

Power +
Noise
Figure +
Losses
Support
of MIMO
Number of Antenna ports in UL

Parameters used in Predictions and DL in case of MIMO
Minimum & Maximum terminal power support
Gain and losses
Noise figure
Antenna settings (incl. MIMO support)
Prediction Settings
Coverage Prediction Plots
Standard predictions
Best server plot
Coverage by signal level
Multiple server coverage
Reference signal, SS, PDSCH, PBCH, PDCCH and PUSCH/PUCCH signal level and quality
predictions
Selection of a mobility, a service, a terminal (possibly directional antenna oriented towards the serving
cell)
Reference signal, SS, PDSCH, PBCH, PDCCH and PUSCH CNR plots
RSRP (Average Reference Signal Level Received Power per Subcarrier) plots
Prediction Settings
Coverage Prediction Plots
CINR, Throughput and Quality Indicator predictions

Based on user-defined cell loads or on Monte-Carlo simulation results
Selection of a mobility, a service, a terminal (possibly directional antenna oriented towards the serving
cell)
RSSI Received Signal Strength Indicator and RSRQ Reference Signal Received Quality
Reference Signal, SS, PDSCH, PBCH, PDCCH and PUSCH/PUCCH CINR and interference plots
UL Allocated Bandwidth, UL Transmission Power)
Best bearer plots based on PDSCH and PUSCH CINR levels
Throughput and cell capacity per pixel plots based on PDSCH and PUSCH CINR levels
Peak RLC, effective RLC, and application channel throughputs
Peak RLC, effective RLC, and application throughputs averaged per user
Peak RLC, effective RLC, and application cell capacities
Peak RLC, effective RLC, and application aggregate cell throughputs
Atoll determines, on each pixel, the highest bearer that each user can obtain
No soft handover
Connection to the best server in term of reference signal level (C)
Bearer chosen according to the radio conditions (PDSCH and PUSCH CINR levels)
Process : prediction done via look-up tables
Throughput
Reference Signal Level (C) &
evaluation Quality Indicator (BER and BLER)
predictions
Radio Conditions estimation

Best Server Area determination
(PDSCH and PUSCH CINR Bearer Selection
(min RSRP)
calculation)
Interference Estimation
Atoll calculates PDSCH and PUSCH CINR according to:

The victim traffic (PUSCH or PDSCH) power
The interfering signals impacted by:

The interferers powers
The path loss from the interferers to the victim
Antenna gain
Losses from interferers (incl. Shadowing effect and indoor losses)
The interference reduction factor applied to interfering base stations transmitting on adjacent
channels (adjacent channel suppression factor)
The interference reduction factor due to interfering base stations traffic load
The interference reduction due to Fractional Frequency Reuse (and consequently the mutual
overlap between the channel fractions of the victim and the interfering base stations)
Prediction Examples (General Studies)
Number of servers
(Based on reference signal power)
Coverage by signal level

(Based on reference signal power)
Prediction Examples (Dedicated Studies)
Coverage by PDSCH CINR

(Directional receiver antenna)
Coverage by PDSCH CINR

(Isotropic receiver antenna)
Prediction Examples (Dedicated Studies)
Coverage by PUSCH CINR

(Directional receiver antenna)
Coverage by PUSCH CINR

(Isotropic receiver antenna)
Point Analysis Tool: Reception
Radio Reception Diagnosis at a Given Point : Reception Analysis

Choice of UL&DL load conditions : Selection of the value to be
if (Cells Table) is selected Analysis based displayed (RS, SS, PDSCH,
on DL load and UL noise rise from cells table RSRP)
Reference
Signals,
PDSCH and
PUSCH
availability
(or not)
Definition of a user-
definable probe" Cell bar graphs (best
receiver, indoor or not server at the top)
Analysis detail on
reference signals,
PDSCH and PUSCH
Point Analysis Tool: Interference
Radio Interference Diagnosis at a Given Point : Interference Analysis
Choice of UL&DL load conditions :

if (Cells Table) is selected Analysis based on Selection of the value to be displayed
DL load and UL noise rise from cells table (RS, SS, PDSCH, RSRP)
Serving Cell
(C)
Total Level of
Interference
(I + N)
Definition of a user-
definable probe" List of Interfering Cells
receiver, indoor or not
Training Programme
1. LTE Concepts
4. LTE Predictions
Definitions
Planning Inter-technology Neighbours
Definitions
Reference Cell
Possible Neighbours
technology
Possibility to copy/paste or to import a list of neighbours
Prerequisites
A text file with at least 2 columns
Name of the reference cells
Name of neighbour cells


or forbid

LTE Technology
Coverage conditions Calculation options
Overlapping criterion Do not select the option if

Start allocation you want to keep existing
neighbours
LTE Technology

SA is the coverage area defined by the RSRP Margin (orange ring below)
SB is the best server area of cell B Cell B best reference
signal level area
Cell B (candidate)
Cell A best reference
signal level area Best server area
(reference)
Cell A
Best server area
Cell A reference RSRP Margin

signal threshold
(from Min RSRP)
Allocation Result
Allocation results



or forbid

2 Allocation Strategies
Based on distance
Based on overlapping between coverage areas
Inter-technology Neighbour Automatic Allocation
Calculation options
Coverage conditions
Overlapping criterion
Start allocation Do not select the option if
you want to keep existing
neighbours
Coverage Conditions
GSM
BCCH signal level
Area where the BCCH signal level of the cell is either the highest one or within a margin of the highest
one
UMTS
Pilot quality (Ec/I0)
Area where the cell is either the best server in terms of pilot quality or a cell of the active set
LTE
Reference signal level
Area where the reference signal level of the cell is either the highest one or within a margin of the
highest one
Allocation Result
Allocation results
Commit selected
Summary report listing existing, new neighbours only
and removed neighbours

vice-versa

relation


shortcuts

distance order)
Training Programme
1. LTE Concepts
4. LTE Predictions
6. Automatic Frequency & PCI Planning
Automatic Frequency Planning

AFP Overview
Frequency Allocation Process
Interference Matrix calculation
Running the Frequency Automatic Allocation
Frequency Allocation Examples
Automatic Physical Cell ID Planning

PCI definition
PCI Allocation Process
Running the PCI Automatic Allocation
PCI Allocation Examples
Automatic Frequency Allocation Overview (1/2)
Prerequisite: AFP license
Goal: Optimize the Network Frequency Allocation to minimize interference
Inputs
Cells settings
Frequency band(s): Atoll can work with several bands
Locked Channels (Optional)
Reuse Constraints definition:

Interferences (Interference Matrix calculation)
Minimum Reuse distance
Neighbour relations
Automatic Frequency Allocation Overview (2/2)
Based on an Iterative Cost-based Algorithm
The algorithm starts with the current frequency plan (used as initial state)
Different Frequency Plans are then evaluated and a Cost is calculated for each of them
The best frequency allocation plan is the one with the lowest global cost
The cost is calculated thanks to:

Interference matrices
Probabilities of interference in co- and adjacent channel cases
A probability calculated for each case for each interfered-interfering cell pair
Distance relation
Avoid Frequency reuse between cells for which the inter-site distance is lower than a
Min Reuse Distance
Taking into account Distance and Cells Azimuth
Neighbours
Taking into account Neighbours relations importance relation (co-site, adjacent)
Automatic Frequency Allocation Process
1. Define Radio Parameters at Cells level

a) Frequency Band Allocation
b) Frequency Allocation Status: Not Allocated or Locked
c) Minimum reuse Distance (optional)
2. Import / Calculate a Neighbour Plan
3. Import / Calculate an Interference Matrix
4. Run the Automatic Frequency Allocation tool
5. Commit and Analyse Results
Interference Matrix Definition
Interference Matrix Calculation

For each cell pair, interference probability for co and adjacent channel cases
Interference probability is the ratio between

Interfered surface area within the best server coverage area of the studied cell
Best server coverage area of the studied cell
Serving Area
Tx B
Interfering
Tx A Transmitter
Victim Transmitter
Area where Tx B is interfering Tx A

Interference Probability = 50%
In other words, 50% of TxAs Serving Area is interfered by TxB
Co-Channel interference occurs when:

C C
Min Reference Signal
I u MQ N N
Interference Matrix Calculation
Running the Automatic Frequency Allocation
Automatic Resource Allocation Process Possibility to allocate Interference Matrix selection

Frequencies or PCI (among calculated ones)
Allocation
constraints
Allocated
channels
Run the calculation Commit channels to cells

Automatic Frequency Allocation in Atoll (Example)

Same channel all over
Reference Signal C/(I+N) Level (DL) (dB) >=30 0.0048

Reference Signal C/(I+N) Level (DL) (dB) >=-5 134.9424

Automatic allocation with 3 channels


Automatic allocation with 6 channels

Physical Cell ID Overview (1/2)
Physical Cell ID Definition : (Physical Cell ID of the Cell)

Cell Search and Identification is based on Physical Cell IDs
Optimised allocation needed to avoid unnecessary problems in cell recognition and selection
504 Physical Cell IDs defined by 3GPP
Physical Cell ID grouped into 168 unique cell ID groups (SSS IDs in Atoll, from 0 to 167),
each group containing 3 unique identities (PSS IDs in Atoll, from 0 to 2)
Each cells reference signal transmits a pseudo random sequence corresponding to the
Physical Cell ID of the cell.
When Physical Cell ID + pseudo-random sequence is known, cell is recognized by mobile
based on the received reference signal
Channel quality measurements also made on reference signals
Physical Cell ID Allocation to Cells

Goals
Avoid using the same pseudo-random sequence in nearby cells
Can cause problems in cell search and selection
Avoid using the same PSS ID to nearby cells
Can cause a lot of interference
Use preferably the same SSS ID to cells of the same site
Can help in measurements and handover procedures
Physical Cell ID Overview (2/2)
Mapping between the SSS ID and the PSS ID (Fragment)

PSS ID = Physical Cell ID Modulo 3
SSS ID = Floor (Physical Cell ID/3)
Example of Fractional Frequency Reuse for 3 cells : Physical Cell ID 0, 1, 2

SSS ID : 0
PSS IDs 0, 1 and 2
Physical Cell ID Allocation Process (1/3)
Philosophy of the PCI Automatic Allocation tool is really similar to AFP
Automatic Physical Cell ID Allocation Prerequisites

PCI Automatic Planning license
Define Radio Parameters at cells level

Frequency Plan: a channel manually (or automatically) assigned to each cell
PCI domain (v3.1.1)
PCI allocation status
Minimum Reuse Distance
ICIC support (optional)
Neighbour plan
Interference Matrix (as explained previously)
Automatic Physical Cell ID Allocation Process

Based on an iterative cost-based algorithm
Different Physical Cell ID allocation plans are tried and a cost calculated for each
The best Physical Cell ID allocation plan is the one with the lowest cost
The cost is calculated for cells with the following relations

Neighbours (optional)
Distance between cells < min reuse distance (optional)
Frequency plan
Relations between cells can have different importance in the final cost
The importance of neighbour relation is calculated during the automatic neighbour allocation
The importance of the relation based on the distance between cells (weighted by the antenna azimuths)
Running the PCI Automatic Allocation

PCI allocation strategy
Allocation
constraints
Allocated PCI,
PSS and SSS
Run PCI allocation Commit PCIs to cells
Physical Cell ID Allocation Results (1/3)
Automatic Physical Cell ID Allocation in Atoll (example)

Same Physical Cell ID (same PSS ID and SSS ID) all over

Manual allocation
Sect 0: PCI 0, PSS-ID 0, SS-ID 0


Automatic allocation
C/(I+N) improvement at cell

edge due to better Physical
Cell ID allocation
Training Programme
1. LTE Concepts
4. LTE Predictions
Channel and Physical Cell ID Search Tools
Physical Cell ID Allocation Audit
Physical Cell ID Histograms
Search Tool Overview
Tool to visualise channel and PSS ID reuse on the map

Possibility to find cells which are assigned a given :
Frequency band + channel
Physical Cell ID
PSS ID
SSS ID
Way to use this tool

Create and calculate a coverage by transmitter with a colour display by transmitter
Open the Find on Map tool available in the Edit menu

(or directly in the toolbar )
Channel Search Tool
Channel Reuse on the Map
Resource
Selection
Frequency
band and
Channel
number

Red: co-channel transmitters
Yellow: multi-adjacent channel (-1 and +1) transmitters
Green: adjacent channel (-1) transmitters
Blue: adjacent channel (+1) transmitters
Grey thin line: other transmitters
Physical Cell ID Search Tool
Physical Cell ID, PSS ID and SSS ID Reuse on the Map
Resource
Selection
Resource
Type and
Value

Red or Grey thin line: if the transmitters carries or not
the specified resource value (Physical Cell ID, PSS ID
or SSS ID)
PCI Allocation Audit (1/2)
Verification of the allocation inconsistencies

Respect of a minimum reuse distance
Respect of neighbourhood constraints (two neighbour cells must have different PCI)
Respect of SSS ID allocation strategy
PCI Allocation Audit (2/2)
Audit results
Inconsistencies are displayed in the default text editor
The minimum distance constraint is fulfilled
Cells BRU010_L1 & BRU116_L2 are

Neighbour cells but have been allocated
the same PCI
These 13 sites do not fulfil the SSS ID

allocation strategy:
on each site, allocated PCI do not have the
same SSS ID
Physical Cell ID Histograms
View of the Physical Cell ID Distribution
Dynamic
pointer
Training Programme
1. LTE Concepts
4. LTE Predictions
Monte Carlo Simulations
Simulation Process
Simulation Creation
Simulation Results
Analysis of Simulations
Simulation Process
Whats a Simulation in Atoll?
Distribution of Users at a Given Moment (= Snapshot)
Purpose
Simulate the network regulation mechanisms for a user distribution
Analyse the network capacity
Simulations can be calculated in
UMTS Documents => Single-technology Simulation
LTE Documents => Single-technology Simulation
Multi-RAT Documents => Multi-RAT Simulation
Simulation Process
Steps of the Single-technology Simulation
1. Obtaining a Realistic User Distribution
2. Modelling the Network Regulation Mechanisms
3. Calculating Network Parameters
Steps of the Multi-RAT Simulation
1. Obtaining a Realistic User Distribution
2. Selecting the Serving Technology
3. Modelling the Regulation Mechanisms of each Network
4. Calculating Network Parameters
Simulation Process
Requirement: Traffic Maps and/or Subscriber Lists
Traffic Maps
Managed from the Traffic Maps Folder

Geo tab of the Explorer window
Based on Service and User Modelling
Main Types of Traffic Maps

User profile environment based traffic maps
Sector traffic maps
Subscriber Lists
For LTE Single-technology Document Only
Managed from the Subscribers Folder

Network tab of the Explorer window
Obtaining a Realistic User Distribution
The user distribution is generated using a Monte-Carlo algorithm
Based on traffic database and subscriber list/traffic map(s)
Weighted by a Poisson distribution
Each user is assigned
A service, a mobility type, a terminal and an activity status by random trial

According to a probability law using traffic database
A geographic position in the traffic zone by random trial

According to the clutter weighting and indoor ratio (user location is the same as subscriber location if
the simulation is based on a subscriber list)
Modelling the Network Regulation Mechanisms
Iterative Algorithm
Same User Distribution Considered for Each Iteration
During each iteration, all the users attempt to connect one by one to network transmitters
Process Repeated Until Convergence
Regulation Mechanisms
GSM Network
Radio resource management and power control
UMTS Network
Power control, radio resource management performed for R99 bearers
Scheduling and fast link adaptation in order to select HSDPA bearers
Noise rise scheduling in order to select HSUPA bearers
LTE Network
Intelligent scheduling and radio resource management
Selecting the Serving Technology
Performed in Multi-RAT Simulations Only
For Each User, Selection of the Serving Technology
For each technology supported by the terminal, Atoll determines if the user can be served by
at least one cell
Selection of the highest-priority technology when the user can be served by cells from
different technologies
Simulation Creation
Constraints to be respected during the

simulation and convergence criteria
Multiplying factor to increase the user density
Number of simulations to run

Selection of traffic map(s) for the current session
as traffic input
Click the button to calculate the simulation immediately
Simulation Results (1/3)
Analysis Provided Over the Focus Zone
Results for each Technology
Statistics Tab
Total number of users who try to connect, etc.
Number and percentage of rejected users, etc.
Sites Tab
Throughput for each service, etc.
Results for each Technology
Subcells (GSM) and Cells (UMTS, LTE) Tabs

GSM: Traffic load, mean power control, etc.
UMTS: Total transmitted power, UL load factor, etc.
LTE: DL load, UL load, UL noise rise, etc.
Mobiles Tab
Connection status, best server, etc.
Updates the cell traffic load values

with the simulation results
Initial Conditions Tab

Input parameters defined when creating the simulation
Clutter classes-specific parameters
Display according to the connection status
Analysis of Simulations (1/3)
Calculation of UMTS, HSDPA and HSUPA Prediction Studies Based on Simulations
Analysis of a Single Simulation
Prediction based on the results of the selected simulation
UMTS: DL power, UL load factor, etc.
LTE: DL load, UL noise rise, etc.
Average Analysis of all Simulations in a Group
Prediction based on the average results of simulations in the

group
UMTS: average DL power, average UL load factor, etc.
LTE: average DL load, average UL noise rise, etc.
AS Analysis Based on Simulations for UMTS
Prediction based on the results of the selected simulation (DL power, UL load factor, etc.)
Prediction based on the average results of simulations in the group (average DL power,
average UL load factor, etc.)
Interference Analysis Based on Simulations for LTE
Prediction based on the results of the selected simulation (DL power, UL noise rise, etc.)
Prediction based on the average results of simulations in the group (average DL power,
average UL noise rise, etc.)
THANK YOU!
THE
AUTOMATIC CELL PLANNING
MODULE
Training Programme
1. Introduction
2. Parameters Used by ACP
3. Network Reconfiguration Process
4. Site Selection Process
5. Combined GSM/UMTS/LTE Optimisation
6. Other Topics
1. Introduction
Automatic optimisation tool for GSM, UMTS, LTE and WIMAX networks
To improve existing network by tuning parameters that can be easily changed remotely
Antenna electrical tilt
Power (BCCH for GSM, Pilot for UMTS, Reference Signal for LTE)
To optimise a network still in the planning phase by:

Selecting antennas
Changing the antenna azimuth
Changing the mechanical downtilt of the antenna
Changing the antenna height
Selecting sites among a list of candidate sites
Combined GSM/UMTS/LTE optimisation can be performed (see 5)
1. Introduction
Principle
Optimisation of quality indicators
GSM LTE
UMTS
BCCH coverage RSCP (Pilot) coverage Reference Signal
Dominance of coverage
Ec/Io
Best Server Reference Signal CINR
By automatic adjustments of network parameters
Power (BCCH for GSM, Pilot for UMTS, RS for LTE)
Antenna parameters:
Type of antenna
Azimuth
Mechanical downtilt
Electrical downtilt
Height
1. Introduction
Principle
Optimisation process based on a cost function
The cost function depends on quality figures

In GSM: the cost decreases when the BCCH coverage and the Best Servers dominance increase
In UMTS: the cost decreases when the Pilot coverage and Pilot quality increase
In LTE: the cost decreases when the RS coverage and RS CINR increase
Iterative algorithm is used
Each iteration corresponds to one network parameter change
Then, changes are ranked from the change with the most benefit to the change with the least benefit
1. Introduction
Description of the Cost Function
Ctot x A u fCOV _ INDICATORcovCOV _ INDICATORx + B u fQUAL _ INDICATORcovQUAL _ INDICATORx
X: the network configuration to be tested
covCOV_INDICATOR(X):
- the % of Coverage Level over a specified threshold for the given configuration X
- COV_INDICATOR = BCCH in GSM, Pilot in UMTS, RS in LTE
covQUAL_INDICATOR(X):
- the % of Quality Level over a specified threshold for the given configuration X
- COV_INDICATOR = Server Dominance in GSM, Ec/Io in UMTS, RS CINR in LTE
fCOV_INDICATOR , fQUAL_INDICATOR : functions expressing the cost for a coverage figure
A and B: weights
Note:
fCOV _ INDICATOR covCOV _ INDICATOR x 0 When the % of target coverage is satisfied
Training Programme
1. Introduction
6. Other Topics
2. Parameters used by ACP
Requirement
Existing and valid path loss matrices
Recommendations
Creating a computation zone

Used to define the area where the ACP calculates statistics on performance indicators
Creating a focus zone

Used to restrict the cells to be optimised
Training Programme
1. Introduction
6. Other Topics
Creating an optimisation setup
Defining optimisation parameters and objectives
Running an optimisation process
Viewing optimisation results
Analysing optimisation results
Creating An Optimisation Setup
To run the optimisation

immediately
To save the defined optimisation

parameters and run optimisation later
Defining Optimisation Parameters (1/7)
Selection of layers / zones to be optimised

Layer(s) configuration
Several in case of combined
networks (GSM+UMTS+LTE)
Zones definition
Possibility to define
zones to be
specifically optimized
(using Clutter Classes
or Hot Spots zones
or importing shp file)
Choice between quality or financial cost based optimisation

No cost control: the optimisation is
only based on quality
Useful when planning a new
network
Possibility to limit the financial cost of

the optimisation:
Maximum financial cost allowed
Compromise between the financial
cost and the quality
Useful when improving an existing
network
Definition of the financial cost for:

Each parameter change
Each site visit
etc...
Selection of transmitters/cells to be optimised
Definition of parameters that could be modified

Directives defined per parameter or per transmitter/cell
To define Cells Optimisation parameters

(Subcell power in GSM, Pilot power in UMTS, RS
power in LTE and Preamble power in WiMAX)
Definition of Antenna Groups

To give some directives when reconfiguring the antenna type or the electrical tilt
Multi band Physical Antenna Multi band Physical Antenna

Dual 900 1800 65deg17dBi Dual 900 1800 36deg20dBi
Antenna Element Antenna Element

65deg17dBi@900 65deg17dBi@1800
Step 1 : Create Antenna Element (using radiating patterns)
An Antenna Element is
defined by one gain, one
beamwidth and one frequency
band.
For a given frequency band,
a given beamwidth and a
given gain, the Antenna
element is a group of
antenna patterns obtained
with different electrical tilt
values
Antenna patterns table
Step 2 : Create Physical Antennas (using Antenna Elements)

To define multiband antennas
Multi band
Physical
Antenna
Mono Band
Physical
Antenna Elements Antenna
Step 3 : Create Antenna Groups (using Physical Antennas)

To define groups of one or several radomes that will be then assigned to transmitters in the
reconfiguration tab
Antenna groups to
be assigned to
transmitters in the
Reconfiguration tab
Created Physical Antennas
Defining GSM Objectives (1/4)
Definition of GSM objectives

1. Define the Target Zone
2. Define the Indicator (Coverage or Cell Dominance) to be optimized
Indicators to Define the

be optimized Target Zone
Definition of GSM Coverage Objectives: BCCH coverage
Define the Minimum BCCH

Signal Level
to get on each pixel of the
computation zone
Coverage to be
respected while
meeting the BCCH
Signal Level Condition
Definition of GSM Quality Objectives: Cell dominance
Define the Minimum and

Maximum
Number of servers
computation zone
Coverage to be
respected while
meeting the Cell
Dominance Condition
GSM Objectives Parameters
To define Signal Level

Parameters:
Settings defined for a
particular coverage
prediction
Manual configuration of
prediction parameters
To define the overlapping

criterion (margin)
Defining UMTS Objectives (1/4)
Definition of UMTS objectives

2. Define the Indicator (RSCP Coverage, Ec/Io, Soft HO or Pilot Pollution ) to be optimized

Definition of UMTS Coverage Objectives: RSCP coverage
Define the Minimum Pilot

Signal Level
computation zone
Coverage to be
respected while
meeting the RSCP
coverage Condition
Definition of UMTS Quality Objectives: Ec/Io
Define the Minimum Pilot

Quality (Ec/Io)
computation zone
Coverage to be
respected while
meeting the Pilot
Quality Condition
UMTS Objectives Parameters

To define Indicators Parameters:
Settings defined for a particular
coverage prediction
Manual configuration of prediction
parameters
To define the
overlapping
criterion (margin)
Defining LTE Objectives (1/4)
Definition of LTE objectives

2. Define the Indicator (RS Coverage or RS CINR) to be optimized

Definition of LTE Coverage Objectives: RS coverage
Define the Minimum

Reference Signal Level
computation zone
Coverage to be
respected while
meeting the RS Level
Condition
Definition of LTE Quality Objectives: RS CINR
Define the Minimum

Reference Signal Quality
(RS CINR)
computation zone
Coverage to be
respected while
meeting the RS CINR
Condition
LTE Objectives Parameters

To define Indicators Parameters:
Settings defined for a particular
coverage prediction
Manual configuration of prediction
parameters
To define the
overlapping
criterion (margin)
Weighting (1/2)
Objective & Zone Weighting

Sorting Objectives and Zones by importance
Give a priority to
each objective
Give priority to
specific Zones
Weighting (2/2)
Traffic weighting (per objective)

Default option: NONE
the traffic is assumed to
be uniform.
The quality indicator
measured on each pixel
has the same weight.
Selection of traffic maps (non-uniform traffic) to weight map pixels

The coverage figures measured on each pixel can be weighted by
using the traffic density on that pixel
Running An Optimisation Process (1/4)
Graphical display of the Optimisation Progress

Variation of performance objectives with iterations
The optimisation process can be

paused or stopped early

Type and number of changes

Coverage and Quality improvements (variations)

Improvement by objective
Select the
objective to
be analysed
(coverage
and quality
indicators)
Viewing Optimisation Results (1/4)
Optimisation results are stored in the optimisation folder

Results available in six tabs
The Statistics tab: synthesised view of optimisation results for each objective
Statistics provided for computation and focus zones
Global report
available in
Excel format
Statistics
for each
objective
Graph and Quality Tabs
Coverage and Quality maps Histogram displaying statistics within the

before and after optimisation computation zone or the focus zone
The Change Details Tab

Analysis of improvements according to the number of changes
Changes are ordered by profitability
Most profitable changes will be applied first
Slider to select a subset of all

changes and view the
corresponding performance
improvement on the graph (global
improvement and improvement of
each objective)
List of changes ordered from the

change with the most effect to the
change with the least effect
Selected changes are displayed in
green
The Commit Tab

List of selected changes that you can commit
Transmitters/cells with
parameter changes are
displayed in green
Initial and final cell
parameters
Revert the network to its

state before the
optimisation was run
Apply the set of selected
changes
Analysing Optimisation Results (1/5)
Process
Quick validation of optimisation results using the ACP maps
First analysis available without having to commit ACP results
Based on the entire set of proposed changes
Deeper analysis with coverage predictions available in the predictions folder

After committing ACP results
ACP Maps Available

Quality analysis maps
Display of Coverage and Quality maps
Coverage analysis
Status of the coverage according to the defined objectives used in the optimisation
Change analysis
Analysis of changes: antenna, tilt, azimuth
Best server analysis

Absolute values of changed parameters
Analysis with ACP Maps
ACP maps are

automatically calculated
and inserted into the
folder containing the
optimisation results
Tooltip available for any ACP map

The exact calculated value is displayed on each pixel
Display properties of ACP maps

Automatic update of the ACP map after changing colours or range of values
Histogram available on ACP maps
Comparison tool
Available to compare ACP maps from the same optimisation or from a different optimisation
Analysis with coverage predictions from the predictions folder
Requirement: Commit results of Optimisation
Calculating prediction studies before and after the optimisation
Generating reports on the predictions studies before and after the optimisation in order to
check if network quality figures have been improved
Possibility to Roll back to Initial State
Training Programme
1. Introduction
6. Other Topics
Overview
Defining Candidate Sites
Overview
Examples of Site Selection process

Scenario 1: using ACP to select a new site on a geographical area
3 candidate sites available
Candidate sites are assigned to a group where the minimum and the maximum site occurrence is set to 1
Among the 3 candidates, the ACP is forced to select only one site
Scenario 2: using ACP to choose optimal sites on a geographical area

About 40 candidate sites available
Candidate sites are assigned to a group where the minimum site occurrence is set to 10 and the
maximum to 30
Among the 40 candidates, the ACP is forced to select between 10 and 30 sites to reach objectives
General process similar to the site reconfiguration process

Creating an optimisation setup
Defining Candidate Sites
Defining Objectives and Parameters to be Optimised
Note: Reconfiguration mode is available (not mandatory) during the Site Selection process.
So, defining Parameters to be reconfigured is optional.
Running an optimisation process
Defining Candidate Sites (1/2)
Use Pre-defined Sites

Prerequisite: define all stations (existing & candidates) in the Atoll document
Note that only Active Transmitters are taken into account
Two status for sites:

Existing: the site is an active site in the
current network. ACP can remove the site
or one or more sectors of the site to
improve the network quality.
Candidate: the site is not on-air in the
initial network. ACP can add the site or only
one or more sectors of the site to improve
the network quality.
Allows you to apply the same

parameters to a set of sites:
Locking options
Reconfiguration directives
Definition of groups of candidate sites with a

minimum and maximum number of sites to
be selected per group
Defining Candidate Sites (2/2)
Import a list of Candidate Sites
To allocate a
station template
to each
candidate site
Option 1: import a text file (*.txt)

containing at least candidates
name and coordinates
Option 2: import a list of candidate
sites (sites without Txs) from the
Atoll project
Viewing Site Selection Results (1/3)
Statistics Report
Statistics for each

objective
Number of sites added and removed

Number of sectors removed
Number of transmitters reconfigured
Implementation Plan Analysis
Sites/transmitters/cells added
or removed
List of changes (antennas,
tilts, etc.) if reconfiguration
mode selected
Transmitters/Cells Modifications Analysis
List of candidate
transmitters/cells to be
added
List of transmitters/cells to
be removed
List of changes (antennas,

tilts, etc.) if reconfiguration
mode selected
Training Programme
1. Introduction
6. Other Topics
Overview
Creating the optimisation setup
Defining optimisation parameters
Running the optimisation process
Overview
Requirement
One Multi-RAT Atoll document
OR
Several Atoll projects (GSM, UMTS and/or LTE atl files) that must be opened in the same
Atoll session
General process similar to a single technology optimisation

Creating the optimisation setup
Defining optimisation parameters
Running the optimisation process
Creating the Optimisation Setup
Procedure in case of several documents

Step1: Create the optimisation setup in the LTE document (could also be done from the
UMTS document or from the GSM one)
Step2: Import other(s) network(s) configuration by importing associated project(s)
Selection of layers to be optimised
Technology layers:
LTE/UMTS/GSM900/GSM1800
Definition of GSM, UMTS & LTE

objectives
By default, GSM-UMTS-LTE transmitters sharing the same antenna parameters are

linked
Auto Link function based on site coordinates, antenna height, azimuth and mechanical tilt
Running the Optimisation Setup
Graphical display of the optimisation progress

Variation of GSM, UMTS and LTE performance objectives with iterations
Quality maps improvement (BCCH coverage and cell dominance for GSM, RSCP (Ec)
coverage and Ec/Io coverage for UMTS, RS coverage and CINR for LTE)
Optimisation results are stored in the optimisation folder
List of GSM, UMTS and LTE changes ordered by profitability
List of selected changes that you can commit

User can commit modifications into both Atoll projects or keep the results as an optimisation
scenario in the .atl document
Training Programme
1. Introduction
6. Other Topics
6. Other Topics
Data loading and validity control
Configuring default settings
Viewing advanced parameters used by ACP
Saving settings to configuration files
Data Loading and Validity Control (1/2)
Data used when running an optimisation process
Loaded when creating an

optimisation setup
Radio data (antennas, sites, transmitters)

Traffic parameters (services, terminals, etc.)
Direct access when running the

optimisation process
Geographic maps (DTM, clutter class and clutter height maps)

Traffic maps
Path loss matrices
Data Loading and Validity Control (2/2)
Data validity control when running an optimisation process

Atoll checks the consistency between the optimisation setup, the actual state of the network
and path loss matrices
If inconsistencies => existing optimisation setups are locked and new optimisation process
cannot be run
Incoherence with existing setup when:

Data changes are performed after creating the setup (e.g. New transmitter, transmitter
deactivated, different transmitter settings, etc)
Optimisation results have been committed
Path loss matrices are missing or not valid
Saving Settings to Configuration Files
Save or load a given Setup Configuration
Import the configuration file

containing optimisation settings
Used to apply the same settings
when you create a new
optimisation setup
Optimisation settings saved in a

PRJ file (objective per clutter
class, list of cells to be
reconfigured, reconfiguration
settings, etc.)
Configuring User Preferences
Trade-off between speed and

quality
Setup Template Configuration
Define default values of the

Optimisation Setup
Configuring Path Loss Matrices storage
Define the folder to

store Path Loss
Matrices storage
(used in case of
Antenna Height
optimisation)
THANK YOU!

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ATOLL GENERAL RADIO FEATURES

1. Atoll General Concepts

2. Atoll Working Environment

6. Prediction Analysis, Reports and Exports

Several technologies modelled:

3GPP Multi-RAT document available

Open, Scalable and Flexible Architecture

Core structure + Technology modules

API available (Application Programming Interface)

Ergonomic and User-friendly GUI

Flexibility in Data Management

Possibility to choose what to display, what to filter, etc.

Possibility to add user-defined columns in the tables

1. Atoll General Concepts

2. Atoll Working Environment

6. Prediction Analysis, Reports and Exports

How to Create a New Atoll Document

Atoll General GUI

Tabs of the Menu Bar

Toolbars and Explorer

Open and Save an Atoll Document

Archive and Refresh in Multi-User Mode

2 Ways of Creating a New Atoll Document

Atoll documents / ATL Files

Stand-alone: .atl or Multi-user:

Document created from a template => Stand-alone document

Document created from an existing database => Multi-user document

Documents technologies Documents name

File and Edit tabs

Create a new document

Open an existing / recent

Undo / Redo last actions

Cut / Copy / Paste data

Save an area of the map as a Locate an element on

View and Document tabs

Select elements on the map

Move the map

Event viewer Audit tools

Other windows (Panoramic / XML import / export

Information about elements on

Display or hide the coordinates

Profile between two points on the map

Point Analysis tool

Interactive Frequency Planning tool

GSM Interference tool

CW Measurement analysis tool

Drive tests analysis tool

Microwave link analysis tool

Tool for 360 view

Load / Save user configuration files

Configure distributed calculations

List of available Add-ins and Macros

Configure backups of active document

Window and Help tabs

Open a new map window for

Create a new group of Atoll Help topics

Switch between all windows

Radio Planning toolbar Microwave Link Planning toolbar

Network / Geo / Parameters Explorer

Possibility to create different tab groups

Possibility to place your active window anywhere in the workspace

Auto-Hide functionality on the Tools

Open an existing Atoll document Save the active Atoll document

Options if you refresh

Can import .TXT and .CSV files