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Howtosolvea4x4Rubik'sCube
Introduc on
The4x4x4cubeisthenextpuzzleintheRubik'scubeseries,knownas
theRubik'sRevenge.Althoughseemstobemuchmoredicultthanthefamous3x3,solvingthe4x4
Rubik'srevengeisverysimilartoitandrequiresonlyfewmorealgorithmstolearn.
Learnhowtosolvea3x3cuberst
Inordertosolvethe4x4cubeyouwillneedtoknowhowtosolvea3x3Rubik'scuberst.Ifyouare
notfamiliarwiththesolu onordonotrememberit,pleasegoandreviewthe3x3solu onbefore
youcon nue.Itisbesttomasterthe3x3solu onbeforegoingforthe4x4,thoughit'snotamust.
MoveNota ons
Samemovenota onrulesapplyforthe4x4cubeaswell,withonly2dierences:
1.Lowercasele ersmeanturning2layersofthecorrespondingface.
2."2"beforethefacele er(e.g.2R)meansmovingonlytheinternallayerofthecorrespondingface.
[r] [2R]
Mechanics
The4x4mechanicsisabitdierentfromtheclassic3x3Rubik'scube.Thereisnosinglecenterpiece,
but4centerpiecespercolor;thereforetheyarenotxedintheirposi ons.
NoxedCenterpieces:Therearenoxedcenterpiecesinthe4x4cube,meaning
thesecenterpiecescanmovearoundthecube,andreplaceplaceswitheachother(unlikethe3x3
whereyellowwillalwaysremainoppositetowhite,forexample).Thatmeanswecannotdetermine
thecubecolorschemebylookingatthecenterpieces(we'llusememory,orcornerpieces).As
men oned,thereare4centerpiecesforeachcolor.For4centerpiecessolvedtogetherwecalla
centerblock.(Intheimage:exampleofasolvedredcenterblock)
Thesolu on
Step1Step2Step3Step4
Step1:Solvingthecenterpieces
Therststepisaboutcompletelysolvingthe6centerblocks,whichare24piecesintotal.We'llstart
bysolvingthe1stcenterblock.Goodluck!
InthisguideIchosetheyellowcolortobeginwith.Solvingtherstcenterblockshouldbefairly
easy,astherearenopiecestopreserve.Hereishowyoushouldapproachit:Startbymatching2
centerpiecesadjacentlytoeachother,andbringthe3rd&4thpiecestothem.
Example:solvingthe4thcenterpiece.
Solu on:[r'Fr]
Explana on:bydoinganr'moveyouwillbringdowntheupperrightyellowcenterpieceonthetop
faceintothefrontface(nowitwilladjacentlymatchthecenterpieceonfrontface),thenanFmove
toalignbothpiecesontherightsideofthefrontface,andnallyanrmovetobringthemboth
upwardsintothetopface,andformacompleteyellowcenterblock.
Iftheyellowpieceonthefrontfacewereonadierentposi oninthefrontface(outofthe4
possibleposi ons),youcouldjustmakesomeFturnstoadjustit.Samegoesforthetopface.
The2ndcenterblock:Thesecondcenterblocktosolveneedstobetheoppositeincolortothe
previouswe'vejustsolved:Sincewe'djustsolvetheyellowcenterblock,nowweshouldsolvethe
whitecenterblock(Thisappliesonlytooriginalcolorschemecubes!Whereyellowisinoppositeto
white,redtoorange,andbluetogreen.)
Flipthecubeupsidedown,sotheyellowcenterblockwillbeonbo om.Thewaytosolvethewhite
centerblockisbyreposi oningthewhitecenterpieces,onebyone(orinpairs),intothetopface
(withoutharmingthesolvedcenterblockonbo omofcourse).
Sincetheonlypiecestopreservearethebo om&topcenters,youcanfreelyturn:F/B/R/L
layers.
Thewayto"upload"acenterpiecefromasideface(F/B/R/L)intotheUpperfaceisusingthe
followingmoves:
Example:uploading2whitecenterpiecesfromtheFface(sameforallfaces).
Solu on:[r'F2r]
Explana on:sincewehavetopreservethecenterpiecesatthebo om,justdoinganr/lmoveis
notenough.Therefore,wemakeanr'moveandtakedownthenonwhitecenterpiecesontopinto
theFface,thenswitchthemwiththe2whitepieces,bydoingF2.(Thereare2yellowpiecesonthe
backfaceatthemoment,whichwillgobackintotheirsolvedposi oninthenextmove).Nowwe'll
nallyreversether'movebydoinganrmove.Thewhitepiecesarenowcorrectlyposi onedonthe
topface,andallyellowpiecesonthebo omremainedunharmed.
Thisisanimportantideainunderstandingthe4x4solu on.It'sjustlikean"elevator"move,webring
downthe"elevator"towardthepieceswewanttoreposi on,"upload"thepiecesintothe
"elevator",andeleva ngthemupwardsintothesolvedposi on.Thatwayweareabletoposi on
pieceswhilepreservingalreadysolvedpieces.
When3centerpiecesareontop:
Sameideaisimplementedhere:We'llusetheelevatorideaaswell.In
factthealgorithmisalmostsimilar
Solu on:[r'Fr]
TheonlydierenceisthatwehavetomakeonlysingleFturn,becauseonewhitepiecewasalready
"inside"theelevator.
Ifthe3whitepiecesontop,orthepieceonthefrontface,areposi oneddierentlythaninthe
example,allyouhavetodoisjustsomeU/Fturnstoadjustthemlikeintheimageandsolve.
The3rdcenterblock:wecanchooseanyoftheremainingfourcolorstobethethirdblocktosolve.
InthisguideIchosered.
Itisbesttorotate(ip)thecubesothesolvedcenterblocks(yellow&white)willbeontheR&L
faces.
Makesomer/r'&U/F/B/Dmovestoform2adjacentredpieces.Rotate
(ip)thecubesotheywillappearonthetopface(yellow&whites llonR&Lfaces).Thenmake
someUturns,ifneeded,inordertoalignthe2redcenterpiecesonthele sideofthetopface(see
imageforle /rightinternalsideexplana ons)(canbetherightsideaswell,I'mpersonallyusedto
le sinceI'mrighthanded),likeintheexamplebelow(rightimage):
Example:forming2adjacentredpieces.
Solu on:[U'rU]
Explana on:we'llmakeaU'move(sowhenwe'llmakethermove,thetworedpieceswillbecome
adjacenttoeachother,andnotdiagonal),thenwe'llmakethermovetopairupthe2redcenter
pieces,andnallywe'llmakeaUmovetoalignthembothonthele .
Solvingtheremaining2pieces:Thebestwaytodoitisbyposi oningoneredcenterpieceonthe
le side(internalle )ofthecube,andthesecondontherightside,thenmakinganr/r'movetopair
themup.Inthefollowingexample,bothoftheremainingpiecesareontherightside(internalright)
ofthecube(oneisonthetopface):
Solu on:[F2r'Fr]
*Thisexampleaboveappliestoallpossiblecases,asbydoingr/r'&F/B/D/Umovesyoucanposi on
the2remainingcenterpiecesintothesamesitua onandsolvethesameway.
The4thcenterblock:Thefourthcenterblocktosolveistheoppositeincolortotheonewe'vejust
solved,
meaningtheorange(again,appliesonlytooriginalcolorschemecubes,wheretheorangeis
oppositetored).
Firstwe'llipthecubeupsidedownsotheredcenterwillbeonthebo omface(yellow&whites ll
onL&Rfaces).We'llhavetobringalltheorangecenterpiecesintothetoplayer.Hopefullysomeof
themarealreadythere.
We'llusethe"elevator"principletouploadtheorangepiecesintothetop,withoutharmingthered
piecesonthebo om.Hereisanexampletohowit'sdone:
Solu on:[r'F'rU]
Explana on:rstwe'llmakether'move,totakedownthe"elevator"withthenonorangecenter
piecesontop.Thenwe'llmakeanF'movetouploadthepieceintotheelevator(DoingF',andnotF2,
isjustright,inordertomatchupadjacentlywiththeorangepieceontop).Nextwe'llmakether
movetoelevatetheelevatorbackupintothesolvedposi on.Finallywe'llmakeaUmovetoalign
bothpiecesonthele sideofthecenter(inorderto"free"theelevatorforthenext2pieces).
Solvingtheremaining2centerpieces:thebestwaytosolvetheremaining2piecesisby
reposi oning1pieceata meintothetoplayer,usingtheelevatorprinciple:
Solu on:[r'Fr]
(Ifyouforgot,wecannotjustmakean[r]move,becausethereareredcenterpiecestopreserveon
thebo om)
Explana on:we'llmakeanr'move(takingdownthe"elevator"),thenwe'llmakeanFmoveto
uploadtheorangepieceintoit,nallywe'llmakeanrmovetouploadtheorangecenterpieceinto
thesolvedposi on.(Note:again,usingtheelevatorprinciple,noredcenterpiece,oryellow/white
washarmed).
Nowwe'llapplyagaintheexactsameideaforthelastcenterpiece:
Solu on:[F2r'Fr]
The5th&6thcenterblocks:Thelast2centerblocksaresolvedsimultaneously,asbysolving1color,
theothercolorpieceswillautoma callyendupintheoppositecenter,whichistheonlyavailable
centerle .
Important!Thesecenterscanbesolvedcorrectly,andincorrectly.Let'schoosethegreencolorto
ndoutitscorrectposi on(outofthe2availableplacestobe).Accordingtotheoriginalcolor
scheme,whentheyellowcolorisontop,andtheredcolorisonthefrontfacethegreenshouldbe
ontheright.
Flipthecubesothegreentobefacewillbeontop.
Solvingtheselast2centersiseasierthanitslooks,anditisdonebydoingr2&U/Bmovesonly.
1)Firstget2adjacentgreenpiecesonthetoplayer(mostprobablyit'salreadythere),andalignthem
tothele .Hereishowtodoit:
Ifa erdoingtherstr2moveyouhavenoadjacentgreencolors,reversether2move,andmake
someDmoves(lookatthebo omfacetoseehowmanyneeded),sowhenyou'llmakeanotherr2
moveagain,agreenpiecewillbereposi onedintothetopandwillmatchupwiththegreenpiece
whichisalreadythere.
2)Solvingtheother2greenpiecesintothetopface:Therearetwoop onsherewhetheronlyone
pieceisonthebo om,orbothpiecesareonthebo om.
Example:
Solu on:[Dr2D'r2]
Ifbothpiecesareonthebo om:thereare2possiblecasesadjacentordiagonaltoeachother
Diagonal:[r2D/D'r2].Explana on:makeanr2movesoonegreenpiecewillgoupwardsintothe
toplayer.ThenmakeaD/D'movetoreposi ontheremaininggreenpieceonthebo omintothe
secondavailablespotonthele side,soitwilladjacentlymatchthesecondpiececurrentlyontop
onceitwillcomebackdownthenextmove.Nowmakeanr2movetobringthegreenpieceback
down.ThegreencenterpiecesarenowadjacentlytoeachotherCon nueaccordingtotheadjacent
caseinstruc onsbelow.
Adjacent:[r2D2r2].Explana on:alignbothgreenpiecesintothele sideofthecenterareaatthe
bo om(bydoingsomeD/D'moves),thenmakeanr2move(elevatorprinciple),DoaD2moveto
putbothgreenpiecesintotherightside(inordertobeingli edupwardsthenextmove),andnally
reversether2movetobringthegreencentersintothetopfaceandcompletelysolvethegreen(&
blue!)centerblock!.(Seeexamplebelow)
Solu on:[D'r2D2r2]
Thatsit!Youhadsolvedall6centerblockscorrectlytoeachother.Irecommendyoutostophere
andprac ceonsolvingallcenterblocksofthe4x4cube llyoufeelcomfortableindoingso
intui vely.Itshouldn'tbetoohardforanexperienced3x3Rubik'scubesolvertodosoinadayor
two.
Step2Pairingupalledgepieces
Thesecondstepisaboutpairingupalltheedgepieceswiththeiriden caltwinson
the4x4cube,intoedgeblocks.Thereare12edgeblockstosolve,meaning24edgepiecesintotal.
Attheimagetotherightyoucanseeanexampleof2whiteblueedgepiecesmatcheduptogether
intooneedgeblock(awhiteblueedgeblock)
Theedgeblockspermuta onsaroundthecubearecompletelymeaninglessatthisstep.
Solvingtherst4edgeblocks:
Thewaytogohereisbypairinguptheedgepiecesintoblocksandstoringthemonthetop&
bo omfaces(=8availableplaces.We'llstartwiththe4ontop).Rememberyouarefreetomakeany
U/D/B/R/L/Fmovesyouwant,asnononthemaectthecenterpieces.
Hereishowit'sdone:
Lookfor2iden caledgepiecesthatareposi onedlikeintheimage,thenexecutethenext
algorithm:
Algorithm:[dRUR'd']
Thisalgorithmispairingupthetwoedgepiecesintoablockandstoringthemonthetopface,
withoutharminganycenterpiece.Here'show:bydoingadmove,the2edgepieceswillpairup.
ThenusingtheRmovetheformededgeblockwillmoveupwardsintothetoplayer.Nextwe'llmake
aU/U'/U2movetosecuretheblockonthetop(soitwon'tgobackdowninthenextmoveR').
We'lldotheU/U'/U2accordingtotheedgeblocksonthetop,iftherearenosolvededgeblocksthen
itdoesn'tma er.Iftherearealreadysolvedblockswewanttomakesurenottotakethemdown
instead.Finallywe'llmakeR'd'tobringbackallotherpiecesintoplace.
Usingthismethodyou'llbeabletoquicklypairupandstoreontop/bo omtherst8edgeblocks.
Howtobringtheedgepiecesintothecaseabove?
FirstbringbothpiecesintothesamefaceusingR2/L2/F2/B2movesandU/Dmoves.Hereisaquick
algorithmtomove2edgesintothedesiredposi on(seeimage):
Solu on:[L'UL]
Usingthissimplealgorithmyou'llbeabletocorrectlyposi on2edgepiecesthatareonthesame
faceandhasthesamecoloronthemutualface(ifnot,justmakeaU'move)intothedesiredcase.
Thenjustperformthecorrespondingalgorithm[dRUR'd'],andbothpieceswillpairupandstore
onthetopface.
Usingthemethodaboveyou'llbeabletobringall8rstedgepairsintothesimplecaseposi on.
Startwiththeeasieredgesthatarealreadyinthisposi on.Thelessedgepieceswillremain,the
easieritwillget.
Ifyouhaveanyalreadypairedupedgesonthesidesofthecube(betweenthefrontandrightfaces
forexample)justmakeasimpleR/R'/L/L'toputitonthetoplayer.Forpairedupedgesonthe
bo omjustmakeadoublemoveofitssidefacetobringitintothetopface.
Example:solvingthe4thedgeblock.
Solu on:[LD'L'][d'L'ULd]
Explana on:inthisexampleyoucanseethat3edgeblocksarealreadyformed,andthefourthis
splitontheFface.Intherst3moves(rstbrackets)wemovearoundtheedgepieceatthebo om
intothe"ideal"casewheretheyarebothonthesidefaceswithdierentcolorsontheFface,then
justsolvingitthewaydiscussedabove(it'sthesamealgorithm,justonthele sideLinsteadofR)
Nowall4edgeblocksontopareformed,we'llcon nuetothenextones:
Solving5th8thedgeblocks:
Flipthecubeupsidedownsoallthepairedupedgepieceswillbeonthebo omlayer.Nowjustdo
thesameforthenext4edgepairs,usingthesamealgorithmsandideasshownabove.Theonly
dierenceisthatforanalreadysolvededgeblockonthesidefaces:insteadofusingRmove,execute
[RUR']touploadtheedgeblockintothetoplayerwhilepreservingthebo omedgeblocks.
Example:solvingthe8thpair.
Solu on:[d'L'ULd]
(exactlythesamewaydiscussedabove)
Inthisexamplealledgeblocksonthebo omareformed,andanother3onthetopfaceareformed
aswell.Remainingisonlyonetosolve.It'sgoingtobetheredwhiteinourcase(secondpieceis
betweentheFront&Le faces).Itisbeingsolvedexactlythesamewayasshowninthelastexample.
Solvingthelast4edgeblocks:
Solvingthelast4edgeblocksisabittrickier,howeververyshort.Herewewantthe2twinedge
piecestobewiththesamecolorintheirmutualface(Likeintheimagebelow).
Thefollowingalgorithmsolvesbothedgepairssimultaneouslywhilepreservingallotheredgeblocks
¢erpieces:
Algorithm:[dRF'UR'Fd']
Thisisanimportantalgorithm;it'sanalgorithmyou'llhavetomemorizeinordertosolvethe4x4
cubebyheart.Takesome metogetit.
Usingthisalgorithmyouwillsolveall4lastedgepairs.
Iftheedgepiecesdon'thavethesamecolorontheirmutualface,likeintheexamplebelow,usethe
followingmovesequence:
Solu on:[RF'UR'F]
Explana on:thisalgorithmwillipthe2edgepiecesbetweenthefront&rightfaces.Nowthe
pieceswillmatchforthecasesolveabove.
Ifonlyoneedgepairhasthesamecoloronthemutualface,whilethesecondpairdoesnothave(or
noteventhesameedgepieces),executethealgorithmanyway!Thatwayyou'llsolve1edgeblock
outofthe4remained,andcon nue llall4aresolved.
Thatsit!Nowalledgepiecesshouldalreadybepairedupwitheachother.Youmightno cethecube
lookslikearegular3x3Rubik'scube,andthat'showyouaregoingtosolveitnow,asexplainedinthe
nextstepinstruc ons.
Step3Solvinglikea3x3Rubik'scube(Tilllastlayer)
Thecubenowactuallylookssimilartoaregular3x3x3Rubik'scube!Considerthecenterblocksasa
singlecenterpiece,andtheedgeblocksassingleedgepieces.
=
Intheimagesaboveyoucanseethatthe4x4piecesarearrangedthesameasthe3x3cube.
Thereasontosolveonly llthelastlayer,andnotcompletethecube,isbecausethereare2special
casesinthe4x4cubethatcanoccur,whichareimpossibleinthe3x3cube.Theyarecalledpari es.
Step4Solvingthelastlayer(OLL&PLLpari es)
Thesearethepossiblecasesthatcanhappenduringthesolu onofa4x4cube:
[rU2xrU2rU2r'U2lU2r'U2rU2r'U2r'] [2R2U22R2u22R22U2]
WhatisOLLparity?
OLLparityiswhenonlyoneedgeblockisnotoriented.Thisisanimpossiblecaseinaregular3x3
cube.Thiscaseissolvedusingthealgorithmabove.It'simportanttoexecutetheOLLparity
algorithm,ifneeded,beforesolvingthelastlayer,becauseitdoesnotpreservethelastlayerpieces
posi ons.TheprobabilitytoencounteranOLLparityduringa4x4solveis50%
WhatisPLLparity?
PLLparityiswhenonly2edgepiecesareremainedunsolvedwhiletherestofthecubeisfullysolved.
Thiscasealsocannothappenona3x3cube(reasonsbelow),andisbeingxedbythePLLparity
algorithm.ThePLLparityalgorithmdoespreserveallpiecesbuttheswitchededgepieces,and
thereforecanbeusedattheendofthesolving(a ersolvingallotherlastlayerpieces).The
probabilitytoencounteraPLLparityduringa4x4solveis50%
Note!YoumightencounteraweirdPLLcase,whereallpiecesaresolvedbut2cornersforexample.
ThatsbecauseofthePLLparity.A erapplyingthePLLparityalgorithmit'llbecomeasolvablePLL
case.
WhyPLLparityoccurson4x4cubeswhileit'simpossibleonaregular3x3cube?
ThereasonisbecauseofthemechanicsandmathoftheRubik'scube.Asyouknow,movingonly2
edgepieceswhilepreservingallotherpiecesisimpossible*(Upermalgorithmaects3edgepieces,
whichisthelowestpossible).Movingonlyonepieceisclearlyimpossible(wherewillitgowithout
switchingwithanotherpiece?).
Therefore,acasewhereonly2edgepiecesneededtobeswitchedisanimpossiblecaseona3x3
cube.However,ona4x4cubeit'snotreally2pieces,but4pieces,and4piecesneededtobe
switchedbetweenisapossiblecase.
(*Atleastnotbylegalmoves,theonlypossiblewaytodothatisbydisassemblingthe2piecesby
breakingthecubeandassemblingitwrongly(thecubewillbecomenonsolvable)
Thesamerulesapplyforallcubes(3x3,4x4,5x5,etc..)
WhataboutOLLpari es?
OLLparityhappensinthe4x4cubeforthesamereasonsaswell.Theminimumnumberofpieces
orienta onwhilepreservingallotherpiecesis2(appliesforallsizesofcubes).Thereforeit's
impossiblethatonly1edgepiecewillbeunorientedina3x3cube.Whileina4x4cubeitisactually
2dierentedgepieces(eventhoughwetreatthemas"oneedgeblock")whichisapossiblecase.
Thatsit!Youhadjustsolvedthe4x4Rubik'sRevenge!Justkeepandprac ceonsolvingthe4x4cube
llyou'llbeabletodoitwithoutusingthisguide.Youwillbehappytoknowthatyouhaveto
memorizeonly4algorithmsforthat(2pari es+2algorithmsfromstep2)!Congratula ons!
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