PART A

Watching too much TV is one of the major sociological issues of this country, which has
many effects on the physiology and psychology of people

TV or television is a particular type of device, which served as the hub of audio-visual

entertainment in a given household or a telecommunication medium for transmitting and
receiving moving images that can be monochrome or coloured, with accompanying sound.
Television was invented with positive thought as it should be no national borders in education
or communication would be world- wide. We depend on television for entertainment, news,
education, culture, weather, sports and music. But, this useful device, become the major
problem of human today when they spend too much time to watch them until it effects their
social life, physiology and psychology. Physiology can be defines as the study of how living
systems function and for human physiology it is concerned with how the human body works.
It also means the functions and activities performed by the body structures. Meanwhile,
psychology can be defined as the mental or behavioural characteristics of an individual or
group. Though, television is a very benefit devices, when is too much time to spend
watching it, it will become the major sociological issues and many effects on the physiology
and psychology of people especially to the children and teenager. Patriarca (2009) said,

Indeed, a negative relationship exists between the amount of time spent watching TV and
children and adolescents health status, including overweight, school and verbal
performance, perceived cognitive and attention abilities, and violence or bullying
(Patriarca, 2009).

Refer to Patriaca, many bad effects of watching so much TV especially in social issue or
social problem. Sociology issues refer to social conditions that disrupt or damage society as
example antisocial, criminal behaviour and racism. While, physiology effects of watching too
much television is eating disorders, obesity and poor eyesight. Watching too much television
also effects human psychology as a communication problem likes no interpersonal talk and
violence. Watching too much TV is one of the major sociological issues of this country,
which has many effects on the physiology and psychology of people, physiological effect
such as eating disorders, obesity and eye strain and psychological such as violence and
communication problem of the people.

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 With respect to physiological effects to the people especially among kids and
teenager which is widely observing is obesity. Television is powerful machine that people
fell addicted to it. Many people spend hours and hours in front of the TV set every day
are very high risk of becoming overweight or obesity. TV caused this problem by two
different directions such as it considerably reduces physical activity of obsessive TV
viewers and at the same time promotes unhealthy eating choices by commercials like the
foodstuffs with high content of sugar and fat. Recently, people who watching TV are
usually often snack on junk food like pop corn, gum, candy, sweet desserts, fried fast food,
and sugary carbonated beverages while watching TV especially when watching exciting
programs like sports, different competitions or thrillers among adults and cartoon for
children. Commonly, all this kind of food contains excessive fat, sugar, salt, and calories.
Excessive fat, carbohydrates, and processed sugar found in junk food contributes to an
increased risk of obesity or weight gain, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and many other
chronic health conditions. Besides that, too much TV also caused less movement or
physical activities likes running, jumping, or doing activities that burn calories and
increase metabolism. Usually, metabolic rate during television viewing was significantly
lower, slow metabolism caused the obesity because fast metabolism can burn calories and
slow metabolism isnt. A recent study confirms this finding, suggesting that even just an
hour of TV is associated with childhood obesity.

The other physiology effect of excessive watching TV is eye strain. Eyestrain is when
eyes get overtired from too much use. One of the most common causes of eye strain is
watching a small, bright object in an otherwise dark room. TV addicted usually watching TV
without care specifications for watching TV. The specifications for watching television must
be placed at the same height and 5 meters away from eye and room must be adequately lit.
Television is being a small percentage of your overall field of view and need intensely focus
on it. Strongly focus on one spot in a long period causing tiredness of the eyes. Beside eye
strain, watching TV in the dark can cause headaches.

On other hand, respect of psychology effects of watching too much television is

exposure to violence. Dr. Daniel R. Anderson, Professor of Psychology University of
Massachusetts said:

Television violence increases negative behaviour. Most researchers now believe that the
evidence is about as strong as the evidence that cigarette smoking causes lung cancer."

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 A Surgeon General's reported that 61% of all television programming contains
violence, for example wrestling series, war film and others. According to the American
Academy of Paediatrics (AAP), a child who watches three to four hours a day of non
educational TV will see about 8,000 small-screen murders by the time he or she completes
grade school. After seeing many violent scenes on television, people especially kids and
teenager thought that violence is a normal action, so their lose sensitivity of their
environment. Kids and teenagers who watch media violence are more likely to treat their
peers with rudeness and mean behaviour. And the worst effect, researchers by Columbia
University found that adolescents who watch more than an hour a day of TV are more prone
to aggression and violence once they reach their late teens and were more likely to be arrested
and prosecuted for criminal acts as adults.

The other effect by watching violence movies or series, produce a short tempered and
aggressive behaviour among kids and children. Research by psychologists L. Rowell
Huesmann, Leonard Eron and others starting in the 1980s found that children who watched
many hours of violence on television when they were in elementary school tended to show
higher levels of aggressive behaviour when they became teenagers. However, later research
by psychologists Douglas Gentile and Brad Bushman, among others, suggested that exposure
to media violence is just one of several factors that can contribute to aggressive behaviour.
Watching too much television among adults also can give mental and emotional effect, as
example by watching news also can cause anxiety or stress. Alison Holman, professor at
University of California Irvine said:
"People who exposed themselves to six or more hours of media daily actually
reported more acute stress symptoms than did people who were directly exposed,"

Television is one of the media channels that are used to deliver latest news and always
repeated. News about violence, disasters, crimes, and terrorism is one of the popular news
and is delivered in the form of a bombastic thus giving the deep impression to the audience.
The repetitive showing of traumatic clips and images that are likely to be displayed on news
outlets can be the cause for such extreme reactions. There have been several studies through
the year linking watching too much television to depression and anxiety, for example,
University of Pittsburgh and Harvard Medical School (2009) researchers found that each hour
of television increased the chance of becoming depressed by 8 percent. The study divided
news shows into three categories: negative, neutral and positive and randomly assigned
participants to watch the shows. Those watching negative news shows became more

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depressed and anxious and exaggerated the importance of their own worries more often. So,
thought watching news is important to find out the newest news, it also can arouse anxiety,
stress and fear among people.

The other effects to human psychology especially for children are language and
communication skills. As we know, children loved to watch cartoons such as fairy tales,
action-based cartoons, and animated series whereas boys and some girls even usually have
their favourite super hero cartoons like Spiderman or Batman or action flicks like Bay
Blade or Dragon Ball-z. At such an early stage children consider the things they watch in
cartoons to be real, they are unable to differentiate between fantasy and reality either which
one right or wrong. A child's brain is like a sponge so children are literally soaking in
everything around them. Usually, in this stage, children improve their communication and
language skill by people around and the environment. And the bad thing is in this stage; all
this kids are exposed to excessive television by their parents. So, all the cartoon heroes
become their role models and fluency them. From the language aspects, children will imitate
the language that being used by their favourite character without knows that it wrong or right
terms. For example favourite cartoons like Upin and Ipin series always uses an incorrect
sentence structure and wrong intonation. Besides language, children also learn
communication from their favourite series. For example, one of the favourite cartoons, The
Amazing World Of Gumball, shows the bad manners among family members, friends and
teachers. So, by watching this cartoon, children who easy imitate and fluency will be risk to
become bad manners children.

Too much watching television also gave effect in human sociology such as antisocial,
criminal behaviour and racism. For example, person who spend too much time in front
television become antisocial person. It is because excessive television can reduce social
interaction with peers and family. Specially for children, the quality time that they should be
spend to play with their friends or do activities with family, they used in front of television. If
this situation continued, this child become antisocial person and grows up to become adults
with antisocial personality disorder. Of course this problem will affect their interaction in
their real life. The bad thing is the high risk of this person to suffer from the social, academic
and occupational failures resulting from their antisocial behaviour.

The second effect in sociology is criminal behaviour. Today television show to much
violent in movies, drama even cartoon and news. For example, in the movies always shows
that criminal has a power, have follower, formidable and good in martial arts and women

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always exploited. All this kind of shows wills easily fluency by the people especially children
and teenager. Their will think and accepted that violence is common in the community and
become child with violent behaviour. If they dont change this behaviour they will be grow to
be adult with violent personality and easily involve with criminal behaviour. And the last
effect is racism. Today television always show the news and movies involve racism. For
example movies that show Islam is terrorism. It caused Islamophobia among society in whole
world such as America and Europe. This Islamophobia increase day by day in society,
example innocence teenager Muslim Ahmed Mohamed, 14 year old was arrested for bringing
an electronic clock he had made to school to show off to his teacher.

So, watching too much television is one of the major sociological issues of this
country, which has many effects on the physiology and psychology of people. People who
watch a lot of television as children and teens are more likely to develop physiological
problem such as eating disorders, obesity and eyestrain. Besides that the major problem is in
psychology aspect which people who exposed too much violence in television will become
aggressive and violence person. They also encounter in communication problem. Excessive
television also gave effect to sociology aspect such as antisocial, criminal behaviour and
terrorism. So if this issue not be handled properly, then we will see next generation that has
problem in physically, emotionally and socially. Therefore, preventive should be taken to
avoid bad effect of excessive television. One of the preventive is all the parents should
observe what the suitable, useful and good television program for their kids. Parents also
must set the balance time schedule for watching and activities with their peers and family.

PART B

The maps show an island, before and after the construction. The first maps show
island condition before any development and the second maps shows island conditions after
the construction of some tourist facilities. So in this paper, we will compare and look the
differences between the maps or the island, before and after construction. Overall, from the

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maps, a major improvement to the island can be seen in terms of facilities and development
of infrastructure. The change of the island is quite dramatic, where we can see from the maps
more tourist facilities and activities were develop almost the entire island.

The first map is an island with before development clearly shows that the entire island
still dont have any infrastructure even population in this island but still have a habitats. We
just can see only sea around the island and the widely sandy beach at the west part of the
island. Besides that, some parts of the island have nature plant.

The second map is an island after development. This maps show major development
in tourist facilities and activities had changes to the island. At the respect of development in
the infrastructure or facilities aspect, it clearly shows more tourist facilities were developing
such as resort, accommodation and pier. The central part of the island after construction, full
of resort and accommodation facilities were developing. This resorts and accommodations
was arranges in attractive and centrally ways. It also was arranges close to each other. The
most important facilities for this island is pier, where it was built at the bottom or south parts
of the island. This pier location is very strategic place because it is near the resort and
accommodation areas.

Beside facilities development, tourist activities also changes. For example, before
construction, no swimming activities available for tourist on the beach locates on the west of
the island compared after construction.

But the good thing is, the rapid development of the island still not destroys the nature
of the island. As we can see, from the maps before and after development, the nature plant
areas still same and nothing changes.

The conclusion is the island had changes and has well developed in tourist facilities
without destroys the nature. With all the facilities and attractive environment it will attract
more tourists to the island and it will become one of the famous tourism. (396 words)

REFERENCE:
1. http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/psychology
2. http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/91/2/281.short

3. Too Much TV Leads to Antisocial Behavior in Kids, Study Finds, By Amir Khan,
Everyday Health Staff Writer from

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(http://www.everydayhealth.com/kids-health/0219/too-much-tv-leads-to-antisocial-behavior-
in-kids-study-finds-7591.aspx)

4. Is TV Really So Bad for Kids?

Reviewed by Michael W. Smith, MD
(http://www.webmd.com/parenting/features/tv-violence-and-impact-on-children)
5. http://www.momjunction.com/articles/good-bad-effects-television-children_0074078/

Good And Bad Effects Of TV On Children - TV Violence & Screen Time

SAARA FATEMA DOCTOR ON SEPTEMBER 30, 2015

6. Patriarca, A., Giuseppe, G., Albano, L., Marinelli, P., & Angelillo, I. (2009). Use of
television, videogames, and computer among children and adolescents in Italy. BMC Public
Health. 2009; 9: 139. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19439070

7. University of Glasgow (31 October 2013). "Pizza perfect! A nutritional overhaul of 'junk
food,' ready-meals is possible". ScienceDaily. Retrieved 14 November 2014.

8. Roizman, Tracey. "Reasons Eating Junk Food Is Not Good". SFGate (Demand Media).
Retrieved29 March 2015.

9. http://www.cnet.com/news/why-do-my-eyes-hurt-while-watching-tv/

10. Debra Donca , Is too much TV really bad for your eyes?
http://health.howstuffworks.com/human-body/systems/eye/tv-bad-for-
eyes2.htm

Huesmann, L. R., Moise-Titus, J., Podolski, C. L., & Eron, L. D. (2003). Longitudinal
relations between children's exposure to TV violence and their aggressive and violent
behavior in young adulthood: 1977-1992. Developmental Psychology, Vol. 39, No. 2, pp.
201-221.

Gentile, D.A., & Bushman, B.J. (2012). Reassessing Media Violence Effects Using a Risk
and Resilience Approach to Understanding Aggression. Psychology of Popular Media
Culture, Vol. 1, No. 3.

Traumatic events in the news Causes spikes in stress, https://www.anxiety.org/news-

increases-stress

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http://www.healthcentral.com/anxiety/c/1443/143415/watching-
increase/#sthash.VIxNroyZ.dpuf

Antisocial Behavior - Causes and characteristics, Treatment,

http://psychology.jrank.org/pages/37/Antisocial-Behavior.html

http://ajph.aphapublications.org/doi/abs/10.2105/AJPH.88.2.277