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Adve rtise m e nt
Here are what the variables stand for in this equation (where the subscripts indicate whether
youre talking about Point 1 or Point 2):
The equation assumes that youre working with the steady flow of an incompressible,
irrotational, nonviscous fluid.
One thing you can take immediately from this equation is whats called Bernoullis
principle, which says that increasing a fluids speed can lead to a decrease in
pressure.
Together, the equation of continuity
and Bernoullis equation allow you to relate the pressure in pipes to their changes in diameter.
You often use the equation of continuity, which tells you that a particular volume of a liquid flows
at a constant mass flow rate, to find the speeds you use in Bernoullis equation, which relates
speed to pressure.
Heres an example: The operating room is hushed as youre ushered into it. On the operating
table lies a very important person who has an aneurism in the aorta, the principal artery leading
from the heart. An aneurysm is an enlargement in a blood vessel where the walls have
weakened.
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08/05/2013 Use Bernoulli's Equation to Calculate Pressure Difference between Two Points - For Dummies
The doctors tell you, The cross-sectional area of the aneurysm is 2.0A, where A is the cross-
sectional area of the normal aorta. We want to operate, but first we need to know how much
higher the pressure is in the aneurysm before we cut into it.
Hmm, you think. You happen to know that the normal speed of blood through a persons aorta is
0.40 meters/second, and that the density of blood is 1,060 kg/m3. But will that be enough
information?
Youd like to use Bernoullis equation here because it relates pressure and velocity:
You can simplify Bernoullis equation because the patient is lying flat on the operating table,
which means that y1 = y2, so Bernoullis equation becomes the following:
You want to know how much more pressure is in the aneurysm than in the normal aorta, so
youre looking for P2 P1. Rearrange the equation:
and v1 (the speed of blood in a normal persons aorta). But whats v2, the speed of blood inside
the aneurysm, equal to? You think hard and you have an inspiration: The equation of
continuity can come to the rescue because it relates speeds to cross-sectional areas:
Because the density of blood is the same at Point 1 and Point 2, in the normal aorta and inside
the aneurysm, you can divide out the density to get:
A1v1 = A2v2
Now plug in the numbers. Because the doctors told you A2 = 2.0A1 and you know that v1 = 0.4
m/s, you get
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08/05/2013 Use Bernoulli's Equation to Calculate Pressure Difference between Two Points - For Dummies
You tell the doctors that the pressure is 64 pascals higher in the aneurysm than in the normal
aorta.
Hows that? ask the doctors. Give that to us in units we can understand.
The pressure is about 0.01 pounds per square inch higher in the aneurysm.
Hows that? Thats nothing, say the doctors. Well operate immediately you just saved a
very important persons life!
All in a days work for a physicist.
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