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Blood and the circulatory system
The circulatory system is
made up of the heart, blood
and blood vessels.
This is a preview: you will not be able
What is blood and what does
it do?
to see any of the animations, links or
Blood is the fluid that flows
in videos until you
the circulatory download
system the full version
and carries substances
around the body.
How much blood?
How many litres of
blood are there in
the circulatory
system of an
This is
average a preview:
adult? you will not be able

to see any of the animations, links or


5.5
5.5 litres
litres
videos until you download the full version
What is blood made of?
Blood is made up of a liquid
called plasma and blood cells
that float in this plasma.
plasma
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test tube blood is leftyou(55%
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The untilsink
blood cells youtodownload
the the full version
bottom of the test tube and cellular
separate from the plasma components
which is a clear yellow liquid. (45% of
The liquid in blood is yellowy, volume)
so why does blood look red?
Apart from plasma, blood has three other main components.
They have different shapes and carry out different functions.

red
blood cell
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white
blood cell
videos until you download the full version

platelet
Brainstorm
Copy out this brainstorm and write down what you already
know about blood think about the role and specialisation
of each component.

Platelets
This is a preview: youWhite
will notblood cells
be able

to see any of the animations, links or


Bloo
videos until you download the full version
d
Red blood cells Plasma
What do red blood cells do?
Red blood cells are the most
common type of blood cell.
The job of red blood cells is to transport oxygen from the
lungs toThis
the body
is acells, where you
preview: it is used to make
will not energy in
be able
respiration.
oxygen
to see any of the animations, links or

videos until you download the full version

The body contains millions and millions of red blood cells.


Why does it need so many?
Features of a red blood cell
A red blood cell has several features that help it do its job:

It contains Disc-shaped, with


This is a preview: you will notabe
haemoglobin,
able
dent on each
a special pigment side, creates a
to see any of the animations,
that combines links
large or area
surface
with oxygen. for gas exchange.
videos until you download the full version
It has no nucleus, A large surface
so there is more area compared to
space for volume, so oxygen
haemoglobin and is always close to
so more oxygen. the surface.
What do white blood cells do?
White blood cells are the largest type of blood cell.
They have a large nucleus and can change their shape.
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White blood cells protect the body from disease by
fighting invading microbes that can cause infection.
White blood cells can squeeze through the walls of
capillaries. How does this help them fight against
microbes?
Types of white blood cell
Different types of white blood cells protect the body
in different ways:
Phagocytes fight against infection by engulfing and
This pathogens.
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Lymphocytes produce antibodies which bind onto


pathogens and destroy them.
White blood cell count
Doctors can check the number of white blood
cells in a persons blood to find out if they are
healthy or fighting off an infection.

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healthy unwell
white blood cell white blood cell
count is low number is high
Why is the white blood cell count higher when a person
is fighting off an infection?
What do platelets do?
Platelets are important for blood clotting. platelet

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Platelets are cell fragments that have broken off from
other larger cells.
They are much smaller than red and white blood cells
and do not have a nucleus.
Platelets and blood clotting
1 Platelets help to 3 The clot dries and
make tiny fibres forms a scab which
that form a net at protects the cut
the site of a cut. while new skin grows.
This is a preview: you will not be able

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2 Red blood cells
videos until you download the full version
are trapped in Why is it important
this net forming not to pick a scab?
a blood clot.
What does plasma do?
Blood flows around the body
transporting substances from
one place to another.

Plasma is the blood fluid that


This isblood
surrounds a preview:
cells andyou will not be able
carries them along as it flows
to see
through the any
bloodof the animations,
vessels. links or
Plasma is mostly water and
videos until you download
contains other dissolved
the full version
substances.

What useful and waste


substances are dissolved in
and transported by plasma?

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