Author Guidelines ::: Recent Innovations in Chemical Engineering http://benthamscience.com/journals/recent-innovations-in-chemical-en...

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Formerly: Recent Patents on Chemical Engineering
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This journal supports open access Reviewer Guidelines

Instruc ons for Authors

ISSN: 2405-5212 (Online)
ISSN: 2405-5204 (Print)
Volume 10, 2 Issues, 2017
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Editor-in-Chief:
Yousheng Tao Most Accessed Ar cles
Haixi Ins tutes, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Fuzhou Most Cited Ar cles
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INSTRUCTIONS FOR AUTHORS

ONLINE MANUSCRIPT SUBMISSION:

An online submission and tracking service via Internet facilitates a speedy and cost-eec ve submission of manuscripts. The full manuscript has to be submi ed
online via Bentham's Content Management System (CMS) at bsp-cms.eurekaselect.com (View Submission Instruc ons).

Manuscripts must be submi ed by one of the authors of the manuscript, and should not be submi ed by anyone on their behalf. The principal/corresponding
author will be required to submit a Copyright Le er along with the manuscript, on behalf of all the co-authors (if any). The author(s) will conrm that the
manuscript (or any part of it) has not been published previously or is not under considera on for publica on elsewhere. Furthermore, any illustra on, structure
or table that has been published elsewhere must be reported, and copyright permission for reproduc on must be obtained.

For all online submissions, please provide so copies of all the materials (main text in MS Word or Tex/LaTeX), gures / illustra ons in TIFF, PDF or JPEG, and
chemical structures drawn in ChemDraw (CDX) / ISISDraw (TGF) as separate les, while a PDF version of the en re manuscript must also be included, embedded
with all the gures / illustra ons / tables / chemical structures etc. It is advisable that the document les related to a manuscript submission should always have
the name of the corresponding author as part of the le name, i.e., Cilli MS text.doc, Cilli MS Figure 1, etc.

It is impera ve that before submission, authors should carefully proofread the les for special characters, mathema cal symbols, Greek le ers, equa ons, tables,
references and images, to ensure that they appear in proper format.

References, gures, tables, chemical structures etc. should be referred to in the text at the appropriate place where they have been rst discussed. Figure
legends/cap ons should also be provided.

A successful electronic submission of a manuscript will be followed by a system-generated acknowledgement to the principal/corresponding author. Any queries
therein should be addressed to info@benthamscience.org.

Editorial Policies:

The editorial policies of Bentham Science Publishers on publica on ethics, peer-review, plagiarism, copyrights/ licenses, errata/correc ons, and ar cle retrac on/
withdrawal can be viewed at Editorial Policy

MANUSCRIPTS PUBLISHED:

The Journal publishes research and mini/full-length-review ar cles wri en in English. Single topic/thema c issues may also be considered for publica on.

Single Topic Issues:

These special issues are peer-reviewed and may contain invited or uninvited review/mini-review ar cles or a mixture of research ar cles and reviews/mini-
reviews ar cles. A Single Topic Issue Editor will oer a short perspec ve and co-ordinate the solicita on of manuscripts between 3-5 (for a mini-thema c issue) to
6-10 (for full-length thema c issue) from leading scien sts. Authors interested in edi ng a single topic issue in an emerging topic of Chemical Engineering may
submit their proposal to the Editor-in-Chief at cheng@benthamscience.org for his considera on.

Conference Proceedings:

For proposals to publish conference proceedings in this journal, please contact us at email: proceedings@benthamscience.org

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MANUSCRIPT LENGTH:

Mini-Reviews:

Mini-reviews should be 3000-6000 words excluding gures, structures, photographs, schemes, tables etc.

Full-Length Reviews:

Full-length reviews should be 8000-40000 words excluding gures, structures, photographs, schemes, tables etc.

Research Ar cles:

Research ar cles should be 4000-8000 words excluding gures, structures, photographs, schemes, tables etc.

There is no restric on on the number of gures, tables or addi onal les e.g. video clips, anima on and datasets, that can be included with each ar cle online.
Authors should include all relevant suppor ng data with each ar cle (Refer to Supplementary Material sec on).

MANUSCRIPT PREPARATION:

The manuscript should be wri en in English in a clear, direct and ac ve style. All pages must be numbered sequen ally, facilita ng in the reviewing and edi ng of
the manuscript.

MICROSOFT WORD TEMPLATE:

It is advisable that authors prepare their manuscript using the template available on the Web, which will assist in prepara on of the manuscript according to
Journal s Format. Download the Template.

Our contracted service provider Eureka Science can, if needed, provide professional assistance to authors for the improvement of English language and gures in
manuscripts.

MANUSCRIPT SECTIONS FOR PAPERS:

Manuscripts may be divided into the following sec ons:

Copyright Le er
Title
Title page
Structured Abstract
Graphical Abstract
Keywords
Text Organiza on
Conclusion
List of Abbrevia ons (if any)
Conict of Interest
Acknowledgements
References
Appendices
Figures/Illustra ons (if any)
Chemical Structures (if any)
Tables (if any)
Suppor ve/Supplementary Material (if any)

Copyright Le er:

It is mandatory that a signed Copyright Le er should also be submi ed along with the manuscript by the author to whom correspondence is to be addressed,
delinea ng the scope of the submi ed ar cle declaring the poten al compe ng interests, acknowledging contribu ons from authors and funding agencies, and
cer fying that the paper is prepared according to the 'Instruc ons for Authors'. All inconsistencies in the text and in the reference sec on and any typographical
errors must be carefully checked and corrected before the submission of the manuscript. The ar cle should not contain any such material or informa on that may
be unlawful, defamatory, fabricated, plagiarized, or which would, if published, in any way whatsoever, violate the terms and condi ons as laid down in the
copyright agreement. The authors acknowledge that the publishers have the legal right to take appropriate ac on against the authors for any such viola on of the
terms and condi ons as laid down in the copy right agreement. Copyright Le er can be downloaded from the journal's Web site. Download the Copyright le er

Title:

The tle of the ar cle should be precise and brief and must not be more than 120 characters. Authors should avoid the use of non-standard abbrevia ons. The
tle must be wri en in tle case except for ar cles, conjunc ons and preposi ons.

Authors should also provide a short 'running tle'. Title, running tle, byline, correspondent footnote and keywords should be wri en as presented in original
manuscript.

Title Page:

Title page should include paper tle, author(s) full name and alia on, corresponding author(s) names complete alia on/address, along with phone, fax and
email.

Short Running Title:

Authors must provide a short running tle of their manuscript.

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Authors' Names and Alia ons:

The names of the authors should be provided according to previous cita ons or as the authors would want them to be published along with the ins tu onal
alia ons and current address, telephone, cell & fax numbers and the email address must be provided, with an asterisk in front of the name of the principal
author. The corresponding author should also be designated and the full address, telephone, cell & fax numbers and the email address must be stated to receive
correspondence and galley proofs.

Structured Abstract:

The abstract of an ar cle should be its clear, concise and accurate summary, having no more than 250 words, and including the explicit sub-headings (as in-line or
run-in headings in bold). Use of abbrevia ons should be avoided and the references should not be cited in the abstract. Ideally, each abstract should include the
following sub-headings, but these may vary according to requirements of the ar cle.

Background
Objec ve
Method
Results
Conclusion

Graphical Abstract:

A graphic must be included with each manuscript for use in the Table of Contents (TOC). This must be submi ed separately as an electronic le (preferred le
types are EPS, PDF, TIFF, Microso Word, PowerPoint and CDX etc.). A graphical abstract, not exceeding 30 words along with the illustra on, helps to summarize
the contents of the manuscript in a concise pictorial form. It is meant as an aid for the rapid viewing of the journals' contents and to help capture the readers
a en on. The graphical abstract may feature a key structure, reac on, equa on, etc. that the manuscript elucidates upon. It will be listed along with the
manuscript tle, authors names and alia ons in the contents page, typeset within an area of 5 cm by 17 cm, but it will not appear in the ar cle PDF le or in
print.

Graphical Abstracts should be submi ed as a separate le (must clearly men on graphical abstract within the le) online via Bentham's Content Management
System by selec ng the op on supplementary material.

Keywords:

6 to 8 keywords must be provided.

Text Organiza on:

The main text should begin on a separate page and should be divided into tle page, abstract and the main text. The text may be subdivided further according to
the areas to be discussed, which should be followed by the List of Abbrevia ons, Conict of Interest, Acknowledgements and Reference sec ons. For review, the
manuscript should be divided into tle page, abstract and the main text. The text may be subdivided further according to the areas to be discussed, which should
be followed by the Acknowledgements and Reference sec ons. For Research Ar cles the manuscript should begin with the tle page and abstract followed by the
main text, which must be structured into separate sec ons as Introduc on, Material and Methods, Results, Discussion, Conclusion, Conict of Interest,
Acknowledgements and References. The Review Ar cle should men on any previous important recent and old reviews in the eld and contain a comprehensive
discussion star ng with the general background of the eld. It should then go on to discuss the salient features of recent developments. The authors should avoid
presen ng material which has already been published in a previous review. The authors are advised to present and discuss their observa ons in brief. The
manuscript style must be uniform throughout the text and 10 pt Times New Roman fonts should be used. The full term for an abbrevia on should precede its rst
appearance in the text unless it is a standard unit of measurement. The reference numbers should be given in square brackets in the text. Italics should be used
for Binomial names of organisms (Genus and Species), for emphasis and for unfamiliar words or phrases. Non-assimilated words from La n or other languages
should also be italicized e.g. per se, et al. etc.

Greek Symbols and Special Characters:

Greek symbols and special characters o en undergo forma ng changes and get corrupted or lost during prepara on of manuscript for publica on. To ensure that
all special characters used are embedded in the text, these special characters should be inserted as a symbol but should not be a result of any format styling
(Symbol font face) otherwise they will be lost during conversion to PDF/XML.

Authors are encouraged to consult repor ng guidelines. These guidelines provide a set of recommenda ons comprising a list of items relevant to their specic
research design. Chemical names, unit of measurements, chemical and physical quan ty & units must conform to SI and Chemical Abstracts or IUPAC.

All kinds of measurements should be reported only in Interna onal System of Units (SI).

Conclusion:

A small paragraph summarizing the contents of the ar cle, presen ng the nal outcome of the research or proposing further study on the subject, may be given
at the end of the ar cle under the Conclusion sec on.

List of Abbrevia ons:

If abbrevia ons are used in the text either they should be dened in the text where rst used, or a list of abbrevia ons can be provided.

Conict of Interest:

Financial contribu ons and any poten al conict of interest must be clearly acknowledged under the heading Conict of Interest. Authors must list the source(s)
of funding for the study. This should be done for each author.

Acknowledgements:

All individuals listed as authors must have contributed substan ally to the design, performance, analysis, or repor ng of the work and are required to indicate
their specic contribu on. Anyone (individual/company/ins tu on) who has substan ally contributed to the study for important intellectual content, or who was
involved in the ar cles dra ing the manuscript or revising must also be acknowledged. Guest or honorary authorship based solely on posi on (e.g. research

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supervisor, departmental head) is discouraged.

References:

References must be listed in the Vancouver Style only. All references should be numbered sequen ally [in square brackets] in the text and listed in the same
numerical order in the reference sec on. The reference numbers must be nalized and the bibliography must be fully forma ed before submission.

See below few examples of references listed in the Vancouver Style:

Journal Reference:

[1] Bossert JM, Ghitza UE, Lu L, Epstein DH, Shaham Y. Neurobiology of relapse to heroin and cocaine seeking: an update and clinical implica ons. Eur J
Pharmacol 2005; 526: 36-50.
[2] Phekoo KJ, Schey SA, Richards MA, et al. A popula on study to dene the incidence and survival of mul ple myeloma in a Na onal Health Service
Region in UK. Br J Haematol 2004; 127: 299-30.

Book Reference:

[3] Crabtree RH. The Organometallic Chemistry of the Transi on Metals, 3rd ed. New York: Wiley & Sons 2001.

Book Chapter Reference:

[4] Wheeler DMS, Wheeler MM. In: Studies in Natural Products Chemistry; A a-ur-Rahman, Ed. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science BV 1994; Vol. 14: pp 3-46.

Conference Proceedings:

[5] Jakeman DL. Withers SGE. In: Carbohydrate Bioengineering: Interdisciplinary Approaches, Proceedings of the 4th Carbohydrate Bioengineering
Mee ng, Stockholm, Sweden, June 10-13, 2001; Teeri TT, Svensson B, Gilbert HJ, Feizi T, Eds. Cambridge, UK: Royal Society of Chemistry 2002; pp 3-8.

URL(WebPage):

[6] Mul modality Treatment for Pa ents With Resectable Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) BEACON Study: Bevacizumab and Chemotherapy for
Operable NSCLC. Available at: h p://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00130780 [accessed June 30, 2009].

Patent:

[7] Hoch JA, Huang S. Screening Methods For The Iden ca on Of Novel An bio cs. U.S. Patent 6043045, March 28, 2000.

Thesis:

[8] Mackel H. Capturing the Spectra of Silicon Solar Cells. PhD Thesis. Canberra: The Australian Na onal University December 2004.

E-cita ons:

[9] Cita ons for ar cles/material published exclusively online or in open access (free-to-view), must contain the accurate Web addresses (URLs) at the end
of the reference(s), except those posted on an author s Web site (unless editorially essen al), e.g. Reference: Available from: URL.

Some important points to remember:

All references must be complete and accurate.

If the number of authors exceeds three then et al. will be used a er three names (the term et al. should be in italics).
All authors must be cited and there should be no use of the phrase et al.
Date of access should be provided for online cita ons.
Journal names should be abbreviated according to the Index Medicus/MEDLINE.
Punctua on should be properly applied as men oned in the examples given above.
Superscript in the in-text cita ons and reference sec on should be avoided.
Abstracts, unpublished data and personal communica ons (which can only be included if prior permission has been obtained) should not be given in the
references sec on. The details may however appear in the footnotes.
The authors are encouraged to use a recent version of EndNote (version 5 and above) or Reference Manager (version 10) when forma ng their reference
list, as this allows references to be automa cally extracted.

Appendices:

In case there is a need to present lengthy, but essen al methodological details, appendices must be used, which can be a part of the ar cle. An appendix must not
exceed three pages (Times New Roman, 12 point fonts, 900 max. words per page). The informa on should be provided in a condensed form, ruling out the need
of full sentences. A single appendix should be tled APPENDIX, while more than one can be tled APPENDIX A, APPENDIX B, and so on.

Tables (if any):

Data tables should be submi ed in Microso Word table format.

Each table should include a tle/cap on being explanatory in itself with respect to the details discussed in the table. Detailed legends may then follow.
Table number in bold font i.e. Table 1, should follow a tle. The tle should be in small case with the rst le er in caps. A full stop should be placed at the
end of the tle.
Tables should be embedded in the text exactly according to their appropriate placement in the submi ed manuscript.
Columns and rows of data should be made visibly dis nct by ensuring that the borders of each cell are displayed as black lines.
Tables should be numbered in Arabic numerals sequen ally in order of their cita on in the body of the text.
If a reference is cited in both the table and text, please insert a le ered footnote in the table to refer to the numbered reference in the text.
Tabular data provided as addi onal les can be submi ed as an Excel spreadsheet.

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Figures/Illustra ons:

All authors must strictly follow the guidelines below for preparing illustra ons for publica on in Recent Innova ons in Chemical Engineering. If the gures are
found to be sub-standard, then the manuscripts will be rejected and the authors oered the op on of gure improvement professionally by Eureka Science. The
costs for such improvement will be charged to the authors.

Illustra ons should be provided as separate les, embedded in the text le, and must be numbered consecu vely in the order of their appearance. Each gure
should include only a single illustra on which should be cropped to minimize the amount of space occupied by the illustra on.

If a gure is in separate parts, all parts of the gure must be provided in a single composite illustra on le.

Photographs should be provided with a scale bar if appropriate, as well as high-resolu on component les.

Scaling/Resolu on:

Line Art image type is normally an image based on lines and text. It does not contain tonal or shaded areas. The preferred le format should be TIFF or EPS, with
the color mode being Monochrome 1-bit or RGB, in a resolu on of 900-1200 dpi.

Hal one image type is a con nuous tone photograph containing no text. It should have the preferred le format TIFF, with color mode being RGB or Grayscale, in
a resolu on of 300 dpi.

Combina on image type is an image containing hal one , text or line art elements. It should have the preferred le format TIFF, with color mode being RGB or
Grayscale, in a resolu on of 500-900 dpi.

Formats:

Illustra ons may be submi ed in the following le formats:

Illustrator
EPS (preferred format for diagrams)
PDF (also especially suitable for diagrams)
PNG (preferred format for photos or images)
Microso Word (version 5 and above; gures must be a single page)
PowerPoint (gures must be a single page)
TIFF
JPEG (conversion should be done using the original le)
BMP
CDX (ChemDraw)
TGF (ISISDraw)

Bentham Science does not process gures submi ed in GIF format.

For TIFF or EPS gures with considerably large le size restric ng the le size in online submissions is advisable. Authors may therefore convert to JPEG format
before submission as this results in signicantly reduced le size and upload me, while retaining acceptable quality. JPEG is a lossy format. However, in order to
maintain acceptable image quality, it is recommended that JPEG les are saved at High or Maximum quality.

Zipit or Stut tools should not be used to compress les prior to submission as the resul ng compression through these tools is always negligible.

Please refrain from supplying:

1. Graphics embedded in word processor (spreadsheet, presenta on) document.

2. Op mized les op mized for screen use (like GIF, BMP, PICT, WPG) because of the low resolu on.
3. Files with too low a resolu on.
4. Graphics that are dispropor onately large for the content.

Image Conversion Tools:

There are many so ware packages, many of them freeware or shareware, capable of conver ng to and from dierent graphics formats, including PNG.

General tools for image conversion include Graphic Converter on the Macintosh, Paint Shop Pro, for Windows, and ImageMagick, available on Macintosh,
Windows and UNIX pla orms.

Bitmap images (e.g. screenshots) should not be converted to EPS as they result in a much larger le size than the equivalent JPEG, TIFF, PNG or BMP, and poor
quality. EPS should only be used for images produced by vector-drawing applica ons such as Adobe Illustrator or CorelDraw. Most vector-drawing applica ons can
be saved in, or exported as, EPS format. If the images were originally prepared in an Oce applica on, such as Word or PowerPoint, original Oce les should be
directly uploaded to the site, instead of being converted to JPEG or another format of low quality.

Color Figures/Illustra ons:

The cost for color gures/plates/illustra ons is US$ 490 per ar cle for up to 3 colour pages and subsequently US$ 195.00 per page for any addi onal colour
pages.
Color gures should be supplied in CMYK and not RGB colors.

Note for authors: To maintain publica on quality, gures submi ed in colour will be published in colour only.

Chemical Structures (if any):

Chemical structures MUST be prepared in ChemDraw (CDX) and provided as separate le.

Structure Drawing Preferences:

[As according to the ACS style sheet]

Drawing Se ngs:

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Chain angle 120& #x00B0;

Bond spacing 18% of width
Fixed length 14.4 pt (0.500cm, 0.2in)
Bold width 2.0 pt (0.071cm, 0.0278in)
Line width 0.6 pt (0.021cm, 0.0084in)
Margin width 1.6 pt (0.096cm)
Hash spacing 2.5 pt (0.088cm, 0.0347in)
Text se ngs:
Font Times New Roman
Size 8 pt
Under the Preference Choose:
Units points
Tolerances 3 pixels
Under Page Setup Use:
Paper US le er
Scale 100%

Suppor ve/Supplementary Material (if any):

We do encourage to append suppor ve material, for example a PowerPoint le containing a talk about the study, a PowerPoint le containing addi onal
screenshots, a Word, RTF, or PDF document showing the original instrument(s) used, a video, or the original data (SAS/SPSS les, Excel les, Access Db les etc.)
provided it is inevitable or endorsed by the journal's Editor.

Suppor ve/Supplementary material intended for publica on must be numbered and referred to in the manuscript but should not be a part of the submi ed
paper. In-text cita ons as well as a sec on with the heading "Suppor ve/Supplementary Material" before the "References" sec on should be provided. Here, list
all Suppor ve/Supplementary Material and include a brief cap on line for each le describing its contents.

Any addi onal les will be linked into the nal published ar cle in the form supplied by the author, but will not be displayed within the paper. They will be made
available in exactly the same form as originally provided only on our website. Please also make sure that each addi onal le is a single table, gure or movie
(please do not upload linked worksheets or PDF les larger than one sheet). Suppor ve/Supplementary material must be provided in a single zipped le not larger
than 4 MB.

Authors must clearly indicate if these les are not for publica on but meant for the reviewers'/editors' perusal only.

PERMISSION FOR REPRODUCTION:

Bentham Science has collaborated with the Copyright Clearance Center to meet our customers licensing, besides rights & permission needs.

The Copyright Clearance Centers RightsLink service makes it faster and easier to secure permission from Bentham Sciences journal tles. Simply visit Journals by
Title and locate the desired content. Then go to the ar cles abstract and click on Rights and Permissions to open the RightsLinks page. If you are unable to
locate the content you wish to use or you are unable to secure the rights you are seeking, please e-mail us at permissions@benthamscience.org

Published/reproduced material should not be included unless wri en permission has been obtained from the copyright holder, which should be forwarded to the
Editorial Oce in case of acceptance of the ar cle for publica on.

REVIEWING AND PROMPTNESS OF PUBLICATION:

All papers submi ed for publica on are immediately subjected to editorial scru ny, usually in consulta on with members of the journal Editorial Advisory Board
and outside independent reviewers. Every eort will be made to peer review submi ed papers quickly. Papers which are delayed by authors in revision for more
than 30 days will have to be re-submi ed as a new submission. Papers accepted for publica on are typeset and proofs are dispatched to authors for any
correc ons prior to nal publica on.

All peer-reviewing will be conducted via the Internet to facilitate rapid reviewing of the submi ed manuscripts. Every possible eort will be made to assess the
manuscripts quickly with the decision being conveyed to the authors in due course.

QUICK TRACK PUBLICATION:

For this journal an op onal fast publica on fee-based service called QUICK TRACK is available to authors for their submi ed manuscripts.

QUICK TRACK allows online publica on within 2 weeks of receipt of the nal approved galley proofs from the authors. Similarly the manuscript can be published
in the next forthcoming PRINT issue of the journal. The total publica on me, from date of rst receipt of manuscript to its online publica on is 12 weeks, subject
to its acceptance by the referees and modica on (if any) by the authors within one week.

Authors who have availed QUICK TRACK services in a BSP journal will be en tled for an exclusive 30% discount if they again wish to avail the same services in any
Bentham journal.

For more informa on please contact the Editorial Oce by e-mail at rice@benthamscience.org.

PAGE CHARGES:
No page charges will be levied to authors for the publica on of their review ar cles.

LANGUAGE AND EDITING:

Manuscripts submi ed containing language inconsistencies will not be published. Authors must seek professional assistance for correc on of gramma cal,
scien c and typographical errors. Professional team available at Eureka Science may assist you in the English language edi ng of your ar cle. Please contact
Eureka Science for a language edi ng quote at e-mail: info@eureka-science.com sta ng the total number of words of the ar cle to be edited.

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.
. info@eureka-science.com
.

info@eureka-science.com.

EDITION ET LANGUE:
Les manuscrits soumis avec plusieurs erreurs typographiques en Anglais ne seront pas publis en ltat. Les manuscrits sont accepts pour publica on la
condi on que l'anglais u lis soit corrig aprs la soumission et seront envoys pour examen Eureka Science, une socit d'di on de langue professionnelle.
Les auteurs en provenance de pays o la langue est dirente de l'anglais et qui ont de mdiocres comptences en anglais crit, sont pris de contacter la socit
d'di on de langue avant de soume re leur manuscrit la revue. Merci de contacter Eureka Science info@eureka-science.com pour un devis en indiquant le
nombre total de mot de lar cle diter.

PROOFS:
Authors will receive page proofs of their accepted paper before publica ons. To avoid delays in publica on, proofs should be checked immediately for
typographical errors and returned within 48 hours. Major changes are not acceptable at the proof stage. If unable to send correc ons within 48 hours due to
some reason, the author(s) must at least send an acknowledgement on receiving the galley proofs or the ar cle will be published exactly as received and the
publishers will not be responsible for any error occurring in the published manuscript in this regard.

The corresponding author will be solely responsible for ensuring that the revised version of the manuscript incorpora ng all the submi ed correc ons receives
the approval of all the co-authors of the manuscript.

REPRINTS:
Printed reprints and e-prints may be ordered from the Publisher prior to publica on of the ar cle. First named authors may also order a personal print and online
subscrip on of the journal at 50% o the normal subscrip on rate by contac ng the subscrip on department at e-mail: subscrip ons@benthamscience.org.

OPEN ACCESS PLUS:

Bentham Science also oers authors the choice of Open Access Plus publica on of ar cles at a fee of US$ 450 per ar cle. This paid service allows for ar cles to
be disseminated to a much wider audience, on the terms of the Crea ve Commons CC BY-NC-ND (A ribu on-NonCommercial-NoDerivs) Licence
(h p://crea vecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Authors are asked to indicate whether or not they wish to pay to have their ar cle made more widely
available on this Open Access Plus basis. Where an author does not opt-in to this paid service, then the authors ar cle will be published only on Bentham
Sciences standard subscrip on-based access, at no addi onal cost to the author.

Authors who select the Quick Track publica on op on (see below) and also wish to have their ar cle made available on an Open Access Plus basis will be
en tled to a 50% discount on the Open Access Plus publica on fee.

For more informa on please contact us at e-mail: openaccess@benthamscience.org

COPYRIGHT:
Authors who publish in Bentham Science Journals will transfer copyright to their work to Bentham Science Publishers. Submission of a manuscript to the
respec ve journals implies that all authors have read and agreed to the content of the Copyright Le er or the Terms and Condi ons. It is a condi on of
publica on that manuscripts submi ed to this journal have not been published and will not be simultaneously submi ed or published elsewhere. Plagiarism is
strictly forbidden, and by submi ng the ar cle for publica on the authors agree that the publishers have the legal right to take appropriate ac on against the
authors, if plagiarism or fabricated informa on is discovered. By submi ng a manuscript the authors agree that the copyright of their ar cle is transferred to the
publishers if and when the ar cle is accepted for publica on. Once submi ed to the journal, the author will not withdraw their manuscript at any stage prior to
publica on.

SELF-ARCHIVING
By signing the Copyright Le er the authors retain the rights of self-archiving. Following are the important features of self-archiving policy of Bentham Science
journals:

1. Authors can deposit the rst dra of a submi ed ar cle on their personal websites, their ins tu ons repositories or any non-commercial repository for
personal use, internal ins tu onal use or for permi ed scholarly pos ng.
2. Authors may deposit the ACCEPTED VERSION of the peer-reviewed ar cle on their personal websites, their ins tu ons repository or any non-commercial
repository such as PMC, arXiv a er 12 MONTHS of publica on on the journal website. In addi on, an acknowledgement must be given to the original
source of publica on and a link should be inserted to the published ar cle on the journal's/publishers website.
3. If the research is funded by NIH, Wellcome Trust or any other Open Access Mandate, authors are allowed the archiving of published version of manuscripts
in an ins tu onal repository a er the mandatory embargo period. Authors should rst contact the Editorial Oce of the journal for informa on about
deposi ng a copy of the manuscript to a repository. Consistent with the copyright agreement, Bentham Science does not allow archiving of FINAL
PUBLISHED VERSION of manuscripts.
4. The link to the original source of publica on should be provided by inser ng the DOI number of the ar cle in the following sentence: The published
manuscript is available at EurekaSelect via h p://www.eurekaselect.com/openurl/content.php?genre=ar cle&doi= [insert DOI]
5. There is no embargo on the archiving of ar cles published under the OPEN ACCESS PLUS category. Authors are allowed deposi on of such ar cles on
ins tu onal, non-commercial repositories and personal websites immediately a er publica on on the journal website.

PLAGIARISM PREVENTION:
Bentham Science Publishers uses the iThen cate so ware to detect instances of overlapping and similar text in submi ed manuscripts. iThen cate so ware
checks content against a database of periodicals, the Internet, and a comprehensive ar cle database. It generates a similarity report, highligh ng the percentage
overlap between the uploaded ar cle and the published material. Any instance of content overlap is further scru nized for suspected plagiarism according to the
publishers Editorial Policies. Bentham Science allows an overall similarity of 20% for a manuscript to be considered for publica on. The similarity percentage is
further checked keeping the following important points in view:

Low Text Similarity:

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The text of every submi ed manuscript is checked using the Content Tracking mode in iThen cate. The Content Tracking mode ensures that manuscripts with an
overall low percentage similarity (but which may have a higher similarity from a single source) are not overlooked. The acceptable limit for similarity of text from a
single source is 5%. If the similarity level is above 5%, the manuscript is returned to the author for paraphrasing the text and ci ng the original source of the
copied material.

It is important to men on that the text taken from dierent sources with an overall low similarity percentage will be considered as a plagiarized content if the
majority of the ar cle is a combina on of copied material.

High Text Similarity:

There may be some manuscripts with an overall low similarity percentage, but a higher percentage from a single source. A manuscript may have less than 20%
overall similarity but there may be 15 % similar text taken from a single ar cle. The similarity index in such cases is higher than the approved limit for a single
source. Authors are advised to thoroughly rephrase the similar text and properly cite the original source to avoid plagiarism and copyright viola on.

Types of Plagiarism:

We all know that scholarly manuscripts are wri en a er thorough review of previously published ar cles. It is therefore not easy to draw a clear boundary
between legi mate representa on and plagiarism. However, the following important features can assist in iden fying dierent kinds of plagiarized content. These
are:

Reproduc on of others words, sentences, ideas or ndings as ones own without proper acknowledgement.
Text recycling, also known as self-plagiarism. It is an authors use of a previous publica on in another paper without proper cita on and acknowledgement
of the original source.
Paraphrasing poorly: Copying complete paragraphs and modifying a few words without changing the structure of original sentences or changing the
sentence structure but not the words.
Verba m copying of text without pu ng quota on marks and not acknowledging the work of the original author.
Properly ci ng a work but poorly paraphrasing the original text is considered as uninten onal plagiarism. Similarly, manuscripts with language somewhere
between paraphrasing and quo ng are not acceptable. Authors should either paraphrase properly or quote and in both cases, cite the original source.
Higher similarity in the abstract, introduc on, materials and methods, and discussion and conclusion sec ons indicates that the manuscript may contain
plagiarized text. Authors can easily explain these parts of the manuscript in many ways. However, technical terms and some mes standard procedures
cannot be rephrased; therefore Editors must review these sec ons carefully before making a decision.

Plagiarism in Published Manuscripts:

Published manuscripts which are found to contain plagiarized text are retracted from the journal website a er careful inves ga on and approval by the Editor-
in-Chief of the journal. A Retrac on Note as well as a link to the original ar cle is published on the electronic version of the plagiarized manuscript and an
addendum with retrac on no ca on in the journal concerned.

E-PUB AHEAD OF SCHEDULE:

Bentham Science Publishers are pleased to oer electronic publica on of accepted papers prior to scheduled publica on. These peer-reviewed papers can be
cited using the date of access and the unique DOI number. Any nal changes in manuscripts will be made at the me of print publica on and will be reected in
the nal electronic version of the issue. Ar cles ahead of schedule may be ordered by pay-per-view at the relevant links by each ar cle stated via the E-Pub Ahead
of Schedule

Disclaimer:

Ar cles appearing in E-Pub Ahead-of-Schedule sec ons have been peer-reviewed and accepted for publica on in this journal and posted online before scheduled
publica on. Ar cles appearing here may contain statements, opinions, and informa on that have errors in facts, gures, or interpreta on. Accordingly, Bentham
Science Publishers, the editors and authors and their respec ve employees are not responsible or liable for the use of any such inaccurate or misleading data,
opinion or informa on contained of ar cles in the E-Pub Ahead-of-Schedule.

Member of Cope

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