Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
$VJEBEPEFMBFEJDJO1BUSJDJB4BMJOBT
%JTFPEFQPSUBEB(BCSJFMB%B[ 1SMPHPEF$SJTUJOB3JWFSB(BS[B
%JTFPEFJOUFSJPSFT1BCMP3PKBT
$PSSFDDJO+VBO/JWBSEZ$BSSJMMP3PESHVF[Z1BUSJDJB4BMJOBT
'PSNBDJO"OESFB#FMUSO"SSVUJ
(BMFSBT(BCSJFM&MBT
TVSFEJDJPOFT
1PSSJP%B[
$PM'JHVFSPB
0BYBDBEF+VSF[
0BYBDB
*4#/
)FDIPFJNQSFTPFO.YJDP
XXXTVSQMVTFEJDJPOFTPSH sur+ ediciones toaxaca
/
AMQSJODJQJPFMIPSSPS-BMMBNBEBHVFSSBDPOUSBFMDSJNFO
PSHBOJ[BEP EFDMBSBEB QPS FM QSFTJEFOUF 'FMJQF $BMEFSO
DPNFO[BBIPHBSOPTEFTEFFMJOJDJPEFMTFYFOJP-PTQFSJEJ
DPTTFDPOWJSUJFSPOFODPOUBEPSFTEFNVFSUPTZOPTPUSPT
MPT
QFSJPEJTUBT
FODPSSFTQPOTBMFTEFHVFSSBFOOVFTUSBUJFSSB&O
MBTSFEBDDJPOFTTFIBCMBCBEFiOBSDPTwZiDBQPTw
ZFMMFOHVBKF
iFTUJMJ[BEPwEFMBTFTJOBUPMMFHQBSBRVFEBSTFiMPTFOMPOBEPTw
iMPT FOUSJQBEPTw
iMPT FODBKVFMBEPTw
iMPT FODPCJKBEPTw
iMPT
EJTVFMUPTw
iMBTOBSDPGPTBTw
iMBTOBSDPNBOUBTw
ZTVNYJNB
FYQSFTJO
iFMFKFDVUNFUSPw
&MIPSSPSTFWPMWJVOBDPOEJDJOEFMQBT.VFSUPT
EFTBQBSF
DJEPT
NBTBDSFT
IVSGBOPT
WJVEBT
EFTQMB[BEPT
GPTBTDPNVOFT
DVFSQPTEJTDBQBDJUBEPTQPSMBTIFSJEBT
TFSFTJOIBCJMJUBEPTQPS
FM PEJP
DJVEBEFT SPUBT
BCBOEPOBEBT %FBIQBSUJNPT%F
VOTFYFOJPDPOQFSNJTPEFNBUBS
EPOEFMBWJEBQFSEJTVWBMPS
EPOEFMPTNVFSUPTDPUJEJBOPTFSBODVMQBCMFTEFTVNVFSUF
7
&OFTFFYUSBP
OFCVMPTPDBNQPEFCBUBMMB
WBSJPTQFSJP &T VO FTGVFS[P DPMFDUJWP EF QFSJPEJTUBT IFSNBOBEPT
EJTUBT OPT TFOUJNPT SFUBEPT B FTDBQBS EFM IPSSPS
P QPS MP QPS MB JOEJHOBDJO BOUF MB QSEJEB EF SFTQFUP QPS MB WJEB
NFOPTBOPRVFEBSOPTQBSBMJ[BEPTBOUFM"DPNCBUJS
DPO IVNBOB EVSBOUF FM RVF IB TJEP MMBNBEP FM TFYFOJP EF MB
JOWFTUJHBDJO
EBUPT
BOMJTJT Z UFTUJNPOJPT
FM BOPOJNBUP NVFSUF FMNB (NF[
"MCFSUP /KBS
%BOJFMB 1BTUSBOB
PDJBMEFMBTWDUJNBT"SFDPHFSMBTIJTUPSJBTEFGBNJMJBSFT
+PIO (JCMFS
7BOFTTB +PC
-ZEJFUUF $BSSJO
-VJT (VJ
TPCSFWJWJFOUFTZUFTUJHPTRVFEFTDSJCBOVOBSFBMJEBEEJTUJOUB MMFSNP )FSOOEF[
&MJB #BMUB[BS Z MBT FEJUPSBT -P IJ[P
BMBOBSSBEBQPSMPTIBDFEPSFTEFMBHVFSSBFOTVTNBOUBTP QPTJCMF FM OBODJBNJFOUP EFM 4JOEJDBUP /PSVFHP EF 1FSJP
FO TVT CPMFUJOFT PDJBMFT 4FOUBNPT FTB VSHFODJB EF HSJUBS EJTUBT /PSXFHJBO6OJPOPG+PVSOBMJTU
FTQFDJBMNFOUF&WB
RVFEFUSTEFDBEBVOBEFMBTOPUJDJBTTPCSFMPTBTFTJOBUPT
4UBCFMM
RVJFODSFZBDJFHBTFOFTUFQSPZFDUPEFMB3FEEF
RVFEBCBOWDUJNBTIFSJEBTZTJMFODJBEBTRVFOFDFTJUBCBOTP 1FSJPEJTUBTEFB1JF
MJEBSJEBE
TFSFTDVDIBEBT
BUFOEJEBT /VFTUSPQVOUPEFQBSUJEBGVFRVFFTUBHVFSSBOPNFSFDF
$VBOEPOPTTBDVEJNPTEFMBUVSEJNJFOUPJOJDJBMWBSJPTEF TFSDPOUBEBTMPEFTEFMBTBOHSF
EFTEFMBCSVUBMJEBE
EFTEF
OPTPUSPTFTDSJCJNPTDSOJDBTPQBSUJDJQBNPTFOMJCSPTEPOEF FMTJOTFOUJEPEFMPTBTFTJOPTVOJGPSNBEPTZOPVOJGPSNBEPT
EPDVNFOUBNPTMPTJNQBDUPTEFMBWJPMFODJBFOMBTPDJFEBE .FSFDFTFSDPOUBEBEFTEFMBEJHOJEBEEFMPTTPCSFWJWJFOUFT
EFT
&OMBTDIBSMBTZQSFTFOUBDJPOFTEFOVFTUSPUSBCBKPBCVOEBCB EFMBTDPTUVSBTJOWJTJCMFTEFMBNPSRVFTFBTPNBOFOUSFMBT
FMEPMPS1FSPUBNCJOFOUSFFMQCMJDPTVSHBVOBJORVJFUVE SVJOBT
EFTEFMBTQFSTPOBTTBOBEPSBTEFBMNBT
EFTEFRVJF
{RVQPEFNPTIBDFS -BQSFHVOUBOPEFKBCBEFSFTPOBS OFTTFIJDJFSPOFTDVDIBSDVBOEPTBMJFSPOBMBTDBMMFTBHSJUBS
&OUSFQFSJPEJTUBTOPTDVFTUJPOCBNPTTJQPEBNPTFTDSJCJS TV WFSEBE FO QCMJDP
EFTEF MBT RVF TF PSHBOJ[BO DPO MB
TPCSFMBWJPMFODJBTJOBCPOBSBMBQBSMJTJT
BMBEFTFTQFSBO[B JORVJFUVEEF hacer algo
EFMBHFOUF:DVMFTTPOMBTIJTUPSJBTEFWJEBPDVMUBTFOUSF &TUF FTGVFS[P JNQMJD QBSBSOPT BOUF FM IPSSPS EFTEF VO
MBNVFSUF
DVMFTMBTRVFNTVSHFDPOUBS"OUFFTUBTJODFS OHVMPEJTUJOUPQBSBFODPOUSBSEFCBKPEFMBUJFSSBFTBTCSBTBT
UJEVNCSFTTFBCSJQBTPVOBSFTQVFTUBMBTRVFEBOBMJFOUP RVFTFOJFHBOBBQBHBSTF
BQSFOEFSBFTDBSCBSFOUSFMBEFT
&SBWFSEBE USVDDJOQBSBFODPOUSBSMBSFTFSWBNPSBMEFFTUFQBTRVFTF
&TUFMJCSPOBDFDPNPVOFTGVFS[PEFFOTBZBSPUBMWF[EF QMBOUBOUFMBHVFSSB
QSFTUBSPEPBMPTSFMBUPTEFMBHFOUFRVF
DPOTUSVJSVOQFSJPEJTNPEFFTQFSBO[B
EFFYQMPSBDJOEFMP TFTBDVEJMBDFOJ[B
SFUPNMBTSJFOEBTEFTVWJEBZDPOPUSPT
QPTJCMF
EF DPOTUSVDDJO EF QB[ 6O QFSJPEJTNP RVF QSP EFMJOFBVOGVUVSPEJTUJOUP*NQMJDBDFSDBSOPTBMBHFOUFQBSB
WPRVFMBJOEJHOBDJOFJOWJUFBMBBDDJO2VFFODVFOUSFZ FODPOUSBS{EFRVNBEFSBFTUOIFDIBTMBTNVKFSFTRVFNBS
DVFOUFMBTIJTUPSJBTEFQFSTPOBTRVF
NBOFKBOEPTVNJFEP
DIBOQPSFMQBTCVTDBOEPBMPTIJKPTRVFMFTBSSFCBUBSPOP
FTCP[BOVOBSFTQVFTUBBMBQSFHVOUBRVFOPTQFSTJHVF{RV MBTRVFUPEPTMPTEBTBMJNFOUBOBNJHSBOUFTEFTDPOPDJEPT
QPEFNPTIBDFS {1PSRVVOQBESFTJOEBSTFUJFNQPQBSBHVBSEBSFMMVUPQPS
8 9
TVIJKPTBMFBBSSPQBSBUPEPTRVJFOFTTVGSFODPNPM {$NP DPNVOJEBE
BMDBMPSEFVOBGPHBUB&OUPODFTDPNFO[BNPT
VOBDPNVOJEBEDBTJFYUJOHVJEBFTDBQB[EFEFTBSNBSMBEFT BIBCMBSEFMBTSVUBTSFDPSSJEBTBMMBEPEFMBTZMPTQSPUBHP
FTQFSBO[B OJTUBTEFFTUFMJCSPFTQFSBOEPRVFTVTIJTUPSJBTTJSWBOQBSB
&MQSPDFTPEFSFQPSUFPOPGVFTFODJMMP/PTFOGSFOUBNPTB DPOTUSVJSBMHVOBTSFTQVFTUBT
OVFTUSPTQSPQJPTJEFBMJTNPTZDPOEJDJPOBNJFOUPT
BMBQSDUJ
DBBSSBJHBEBEFNJSBSMBSFBMJEBEFOCMBODPTZOFHSPT
CVFOPT .BSDFMB5VSBUJZ%BOJFMB3FB
Z NBMPT
B MB TJNQMF[B EF CVTDBS ISPFT TPMJUBSJPT FO MVHBS
EFDPMFDUJWPTPSHBOJ[BEPT
BOVFTUSBJNQBDJFODJBQPSOPWFS
SFTVMUBEPTiNTOPUJDJPTPTw
"QSFOEJNPTRVFFMQFSJPEJTNPEFFTQFSBO[BFYJHFFOUFOEFS
QSPDFTPTZRVFMBTTPMVDJPOFTFTCP[BEBTQPSRVJFOFTTFPQPOFO
BMBWJPMFODJBTPOFTGVFS[PTJODJQJFOUFT
TPTUFOJEPTDPOQJO[BT
DPOBDUPTEFBNPSDPUJEJBOP
BDPOUSBDPSSJFOUFEFMWBDPEFM
&TUBEP
&O PDBTJPOFT
ZB OP FODPOUSBNPT BMHVOBT FYQFSJFODJBT
RVFGVJNPTBEPDVNFOUBS-MFHBNPTUBSEF&MUFSSPSMBTIB
CB BMDBO[BEP 4JO FNCBSHP
FTUBNPT DPOWFODJEPT EF RVF
DBEBWF[RVFVOBFYQFSJFODJBTFFYUJOHVFPUSBHFSNJOB
&OUFOEJNPTUBNCJORVF
BRVJFOFTIBCJUBNPTFTUFQBT
MBHVFSSBOPTPCMJHBTFSDJVEBEBOPT
BUPNBSQPTUVSB/P
TPUSBTZOPTPUSPT
DPNPQFSJPEJTUBT
EFDJEJNPTQPOFSOPTKVOUP
B RVJFOFT MB TVGSFO
USBUBOEP EF DPNQSFOEFS BMHP TPCSF TV
GPSUBMF[BBOUFFMEPMPSZTPCSFMBTDMBWFTRVFMPTNBOUJFOFO
USB[BOEPDBNJOPTIBDJBMBQB[
MBKVTUJDJB
MBNFNPSJBZMB
WFSEBE
)PZMPTBCFNPTMBFTQFSBO[BNTRVFVOQVFSUP
FTVO
IPSJ[POUF6ODBNJOPMBSHPRVFTFBOEBBQFRVFPTQBTPT
"IPSBDVBOEPIBCMBNPTFOQCMJDPEFMIPSSPSRVFIFNPT
WJTUPZEFMEPMPSRVFIFNPTUPDBEP
ZMBHFOUFQSFHVOUBRV
QPEFNPT IBDFS
EFDJNPT RVF MB SFTQVFTUB TF DPOTUSVZF FO
10 11
5
1
*&
13
FTBQSEJEBRVFFTMBNVFSUFBMBBDVNVMBDJOEFQBMBCSBTP MBQVOUBEFVOBMBO[BEJPDPOFTFQFEB[PCMBODP&OUSFTV
EFTBOHSFRVF
DPOUBOUBGSFDVFODJB
DPOEVDFBMBJOEJGFSFODJB DMBWDVMBZTVHBSHBOUBKVTUPEPOEFTFFODVFOUSBFMBMNBEF
PBMBJOTFOTJCJMJEBEPBMBTMFDUVSBTEFDPSSJEP4JiMBQFOBFT VOIPNCSFw
OFHSBw
TJFTUiIFDIBEFUJFSSBw
TJTFiNFUFFOMBTTVSBTEF 6OP USBT PUSP
BT WBO DBZFOEP MPT TPMEBEPT EF MPT
MPTPKPTZEFQPTJUBTVOVEPFOMBHBSHBOUBw
MPRVFFTUFMBSHP DBOUPTIPNSJDPT6OPUSBTPUSP
FOWFSTPTDFJEPT
DPOGSF
QPFNBTFMMFWBTPCSFFMIPNCSP
OPBIVSUBEJMMBTQBSBRVFOP DVFODJBDPSPOBEPTQPSFMFDPEFVODPSP
NVFSFOPUSBWF[:
TFOPUF
TJOPBQBSBUPTBNFOUF
QBSBWPMWFSMBNTWJTJCMF
FTB PUSB"IPSBCBKPMBMV[EFVOTPMDPOUFNQPSOFP
KVTUPGSFO
MBNVFSUFFOT
BMBNVFSUFTPMBMBNVFSUFPTDVSB
BOOJNB
UF B OVFTUSPT PKPT 6O NFNPSJBM UBNCJO FT VO SVFHP {&SB
WJPMFOUB
EFMBHVFSSB OFDFTBSJP RVF NVSJFSBO EF OVFWB DVFOUB -B SFTQVFTUB FT
"IFTU
FOMBFYDBWBDJOQPUJDBEF0TXBME
FOFMEVFMP T {&SB OFDFTBSJP UBMMBSTF MPT PKPT VOB WF[ NT Z EPMFSTF
FOFMRVFOPTJOWJUBBQBSUJDJQBSBUSBWTEFMUJFNQPZBMPMBSHP -BSFTQVFTUBFTT$VBOEPOPTEPMFNPTQPSMBNVFSUFEFM
EFMFTQBDJP
JSJEJTDFOUFQBSBTJFNQSF
MBNVFSUFEF1SPUFTJMBVT PUSP BDFQUBNPT
BSHVNFOUBCB +VEJUI #VUMFS FO Precarious
iyFMIPNCSFSFDPODFOUSBEPRVFTFJOUFSOBQSJTBFOMBPTDVSJ Life. The Powers of Mourning and Violence
RVF MB QSEJEB
EBEDPODVBSFOUBCBSDPTOFHSPT
EFKBOEPBUSTTVUJFSSBw
FM OPTDBNCJBS
DPOTVFSUFQBSBTJFNQSF&MEVFMP
FMQSPDFTP
RVFiNVSJFOFMBJSF
NJFOUSBTTBMUBCBQBSBMMFHBSQSJNFSPB QTJDPMHJDPZTPDJBMBUSBWTEFMDVBMTFSFDPOPDFQCMJDBZQSJ
MBDPTUBw:FTUUBNCJO
FOFMHFSVOEJPEFMBFUFSOJEBE
MB WBEBNFOUFMBQSEJEBEFMPUSP
FTBDBTPMBJOTUBODJBNTPCWJB
NVFSUFEF*QIJEBNBT
iFMNVDIBDIPBNCJDJPTP"MBFEBEEF EFOVFTUSBWVMOFSBCJMJEBEZ
QPSFOEF
EFOVFTUSBDPOEJDJO
EJFDJPDIP
BMBFEBEEFMBJNQSVEFODJBw
FMRVFJODMVTPiyFO IVNBOB1PSFTUBSB[OCJFOQPESBDPOTUJUVJSVOBCBTFUJDB
TVOPDIFEFCPEBT1BSFDBUSBFSQVFTUBMBBSNBEVSBw
FMi<B> QBSBSFQFOTBSOVFTUSBSFTQPOTBCJMJEBEDPMFDUJWBZMBTUFPSBT
SSPHBOUFQFOEFDBNQPRVFGVFEJSFDUPQPS"HBNFOOw
Z EFM QPEFS RVF MB BUSBWJFTBO $VBOEP OP TMP VOBT DVBOUBT
RVFDBZiEPCMBEPDPNPQMPNPZQFSEJw:FTU$PPO
TV WJEBT TFBO EJHOBT EF TFS MMPSBEBT QCMJDBNFOUF
DVBOEP FM
IFSNBOP
FM IFSNBOP EF *QIJEBNBT i$VBOEP VO IPNCSF PCJUVBSJPTFDPOWJFSUBFOVOBDBTBQMVSBMZBMDBODFBBNQBSBS
WFBTVIFSNBOPDBEPTPCSFFMTVFMPTFWVFMWFMPDP
BQBSFDF BMPTTJOOPNCSFZBMPTTJOSPTUSP
DVBOEP
DPNP"OUHPOB
DPSSJFOEP DPNP EF MB OBEB BUBDBOEP TJO WFS
BT FT DPNP TFBNPTDBQBDFTEFFOUFSSBSBM0USP
PMPRVFFTMPNJTNP
NVSJ$PPOw-BDBCF[BTFQBSBEBEFTVDVFSQPQPSMBFTQBEB EF SFDPOPDFS MB WJEB WJWJEB EF FTF 0USP
BVO B QFTBS Z FO
EF"HBNFOOiyZFTPGVFUPEP%PTIFSNBOPTBTFTJOBEPTFO DPOUSB EFM FEJDUP EF $SFPOUF P EF DVBMRVJFS PUSB BVUPSJ
MBNJTNBNBBOB
QPSFMNJTNPIPNCSFTBGVFTVMV[RVF EBE FO UVSOP
FOUPODFT FM EVFMP QCMJDP
WPMWJOEPOPT NT
BRV UFSNJOBw /P QPEB GBMUBS
FOUSF UBOUBT NVFSUFT BO WVMOFSBCMFT
UFOESMBQPTJCJMJEBEEFWPMWFSOPTNTIVNBOPT
OJNBT
MBNVFSUFUBNCJOEFMPTISPFTNTDPOPDJEPTi: 1PSFTP
BVORVF1SPUFTJMBVTIBZBFTUBEPiCBKPMBUJFSSBPTDVSB
)DUPSNVSJDPNPUPEPT&SBFMMEFSEFMPTUSPZBOPT1FSP BIPSBZBQPSNJMFTEFBPTw
FTOFDFTBSJPBDVEJS&TQSFDJTP
14 15
BDVEJSBTVDJUBDPOMBNVFSUFZDPNQBSUJS
EFTQVT
FMEVFMP UJBOUFTFJODNPEBT
VSHFOUFT
QMVSBMFT4POQSFHVOUBTFTU
&T OFDFTBSJP SFMFFS
QPS FKFNQMP
MP SFFTDSJUP QPS 0TXBME UJDBZQPMUJDBNFOUFSFMFWBOUFT&TUOBIFOFMQPFNBi-PT
QBSBBDUVBMJ[BSMBNVFSUFRVFQBTZQVFEBBTWPMWFSBQBTBS NVFSUPTw
EF .BSB 3JWFSB
QFSP UBNCJO FO MB FYDBWBDJO
GSFOUFBOVFTUSPTPKPT
TPCSFOVFTUSBTNBOPTQBSBRVF
FWFO RVF)VHP(BSDB.BOSRVF[IJ[PEFM5SBUBEPEF-JCSF$P
UVBMNFOUF
ZBOPQBTFNT{$VOUBTWFDFTBMEBPMWJEBNPT NFSDJPFOTVAnti-Humboldt&TUOFOMPTHechos diversos
EF
RVFTPNPT
QPSQSJODJQJPEFDVFOUBZBMOBMEFUPEP
NPSUB .OJDB/FQPUF
ZFOQuerida fbrica
EF%PMPSFT%PSBOUFT
MFT &TOFDFTBSJP
QPSFKFNQMP
MFFSEntre las cenizasHistorias &TUOFOi%JTFOUJNJFOUPTEFMBOBDJOw
EF+BWJFS3BZBZFO
de vida en tiempos de muerte. Antgona Gonzlez
EF4BSB6SJCF&TUOFONVDIPTEFMPT
QPFNBTJODMVJEPTFOPas de sombra y fuego
MBBOUPMPHBRVF
FEJUFMQPFUBUBQBUP+PSHF&TRVJODB5PEPTFMMPT
UPEBFTUB
**- FOBSHFJB
TVCSBZBZFYDBWBZFYIVNBBMPTDBEPT
BSUJDVMOEPTF
BMMFOHVBKFQCMJDPEFMEPMPS
MBSFTJTUFODJB
MBEJHOJEBE
5SPZBOPFTUMFKPT
TFTBCF5SPZBFTU
EFIFDIP
FOUPEBT &YJTUF
FOFGFDUP
VOBMBSHBUSBEJDJOEFFTDSJUVSBEPDV
QBSUFT
BM BDFDIP "QPTUBEB B VO MBEP EF MB SFTQJSBDJO
MB NFOUBMRVFIBSFHJTUSBEPMBFYQFSJFODJBEFMPTTVGSJFOUFT
B
HVFSSBOPTFNCPTDBPOPTBHVBSEB:BI
FOFGFDUP
EPOEF NFOVEPDPOTVTQSPQJBTQBMBCSBT&O.YJDP
HSBOQBSUFEF
JSSVNQFMBEFTHSBDJBPFOMPTMVHBSFTIBTUBEPOEFBMDBO[BO FTF USBCBKP
EF FTF SFHJTUSP QMVSBM EF MB IJTUPSJB Z EFM MFO
TVTFTRVJSMBT
MMFHBTJOEVEBUBNCJO
WFOEBZHSJUPBMBWF[
HVBKFFTUVWPZIBFTUBEPBDBSHPEFTVTDSPOJTUBT%F&MFOB
MBQBMBCSB"VORVFDPOGSFDVFODJBTUBIBTJEPVUJMJ[BEBQBSB 1POJBUPXTLBB%JFHP0TPSOP
EF$BSMPT.POTJWJTB.BSDF
NJTUJDBS MB HFTUB EFM HVFSSFSP
DPMPDBOEP TPCSF MBT TJFOFT MB5VSBUJ
EF+VBO7JMMPSPB.BHBMJ5FSDFSP
QPSNFODJPOBSB
EFMBMJEJBVOBDPSPOBEFPMJWPTRVFKVTUJDBMPTNPUJWPTEFM MPTNVZDPOPDJEPTIBZVOBMBSHBMJTUBEFFTDSJUPSFTRVF
TJFO
QPEFSPTP
MBQBMBCSBUBNCJOTFIBBMJBEPDPOMBDSUJDBRVF EP GVOEBNFOUBMNFOUF FTDSJUPSFT
TPO UBNCJO
Z UBNCJO
EFTDSFFPDPOFMQVOUPEFWJTUBEFMRVFSFTVMUBJOFSNF EF NBOFSB GVOEBNFOUBM
DJVEBEBOPT 2V GPSUVOB RVF MPT
"VORVF FO .YJDP EVSBOUF HSBO QBSUF EFM TJHMP 99 MB NFKPSFTFOUSFFMMPTTFEFODJUBBRV
FOFTUFEntre las cenizas.
QPFTBFTUVWPNTQSFPDVQBEBQPSMBCFMMF[BZMPTBHSBEPRVF Historias de vida en tiempos de muerte.
QPSMPTBTVOUPTUFSSFTUSFTEFMBQMB[BQCMJDB
IBZZIBIBCJEP
Z TJHVF IBCJFOEP VOB QPFTB DBCBMNFOUF QPMUJDB "[V[BEB
QPSMBHVFSSBDBMEFSPOJTUBRVFDVFOUBZBDPOBMHVOBTNJM ***3
NVFSUFTFOTVIBCFS
MBOVFWBQPFTBQPMUJDBRVFTFFTDSJCF
FO.YJDPDVFTUJPOBMPTQPEFSFTGDUJDPTZMPTQPEFSFTEFMB -BHVFSSBDBMEFSPOJTUB
RVFIBTFNCSBEPBMQBT
HSBNUJDB QMBOUFOEPTF QSFHVOUBT RVF TPO B MB WF[ BOHVT EFNVFSUFZEFEVFMP
IBNPUJWBEPUBNCJOZQPSMPNJTNP
16 17
BFTDSJUPSFTEFSBOHPNVZEJWFSTPBSFQMBOUFBSTFEFNBOFSB MBQBMBCSBIBTJEPTVCSBZBEP
BDBCBMJEBE
QPSNVDIPTDSP
EJONJDBZBDUVBMMBSFMBDJOEFMBFTDSJUVSBZMBHVFSSB
HFOF OJTUBT QSBDUJDBOUFT EF VO HOFSP ICSJEP QPS OBUVSBMF[B
SBOEPVOBSFGVMHFOUFHBNBEFDSPOJTUBTFO.YJDP4POFMMPT RVFTFTPTUJFOFEFMBJODPSQPSBDJOFTUUJDBNFOUFSFMFWBO
MPTRVF
FYDBWBOEPFOMBBDVNVMBDJOEFEBUPTZEFTBOHSF
UFZQPMUJDBNFOUFUJMEFMBFYQFSJFODJBEFMPTPUSPT4POFMMPT
MPHSBOSFTDBUBSFTBiMVNJOPTB
JOTPQPSUBCMFSFBMJEBEw EF MB MPTRVF
MJCSFUBPHSBCBEPSBFONBOP
TFBEFOUSBOFOMBTFOUSBBT
HVFSSBRVFNFODJPOBCBMBQPFUBCSJUOJDB"MJDF0TXBME-B EFVOQBTFOHVFSSBOPTMPQBSBNPTUSBSMBTBBZFMFYUSB
QBMBCSBTJFNQSFFTQMVSBM
QFSPUBMWF[QPDPTHOFSPTDPNP WP
MBDPSSVQDJOZMBDSVFMEBE
TJOPUBNCJO
BDBTPTPCSF
MBDSOJDBOPTSFDVFSEFOFTBCTJDBWFSEBEDPOUBOUBGVFS[B UPEP
FTBTNMUJQMFTFTUSBUFHJBTDPUJEJBOBTRVFIBOVUJMJ[BEP
-BQBMBCSBEFMDSPOJTUBOPQVFEFEFKBSEFTFSMBQBMBCSBEF IPNCSFTZNVKFSFTQBSBTPCSFWJWJSDPOEJHOJEBEFODJSDVOT
PUSPVOBUFOTJOFOMBRVFTFEBODJUB
BMNFOPT
PUSPTEPT UBODJBTFYUSFNBT4POFMMPTMPTRVF
SFMFZFOEPZSFFTDSJCJFOEP
6OBFYQFDUBUJWB"MHPRVFMBUF-BSFMBDJOEFJOUFSDBNCJPF MPTUFYUPTEFNVDIPTPUSPT
MPTMFOHVBKFTEFNVDIPTPUSPT
JNQMJDBDJOTPCSFMBDVBMTFCBTBOUPEBTMBTPUSBTSFMBDJPOFT IBOMPHBEPFYUSBFSFMGTJMWJWPEFMFNQFPZMBDPOBO[B
MBT
EFMNVOEP-BQBMBCSB
BI
FOFTFWBJWOFOUSFFOVODJBOUF USBEJDJPOFTZFMJOHFOJP
FMTFOUJEPEFDPNVOJEBEZMBGFRVF
ZPZFOUFBERVJFSF
BMNFOPT
EPTDBCF[BT
UBOUPTPKPT
UPEBT FOUSFPUSPTUBOUPTFMFNFOUPT
IBOTBMWBHVBSEBEPMBFYJTUFODJB
MBTNBOPT6TBEBZFOVTP
DPOUBNJOBEBEFUPEP
MB QBMB EFMQBT"MHVOPTEFFMMPT
TJOEVEBMPTNFKPSFT
FTUOBRV
CSB RVF TF DPNQBSUF TBMJWB
NJSBEB
FDP UPDB MBT PSJ FOEntre las cenizas. Historias de vida en tiempos de muerte.
MMBTEFBMNFOPTEPTFYQFSJFODJBT
EFBMNFOPTEPTQSDUJDBT
EFTJHOJDBDJO
QBSBQSPEVDJS
FOFMNFKPSEFMPTDBTPT
MB
SFTQVFTUB UPUBM EF MB RVF IBCMBCB 3VLFZTFS1 &TUF MBEP EF
RVFDVBOEPMPBUSBQFT
MPBUSBQBSTJOUFMFDUVBMNFOUFUBNCJOQFSPFM
DBNJOPFTBUSBWTEFMBFNPDJO
BUSBWTEFFTPRVFMMBNBNPTTFOUJNJFO
UPw-FKPTEFMHFTUPJNQFSJBMJTUBEFJOUFOUBSTVQMBOUBSMBWP[EFMPTPUSPT
.VSJFM3VLFZTFSUSBEVDUPSBBMHVOBWF[EF0DUBWJP1B[
QPSDJFS DPOMBWP[QSPQJB
3VLFZTFSTFEJPBMBUBSFBEFEPDVNFOUBSMBTMVDIBTZ
UPFTUBCBDPOWFODJEBEFRVFFMWFSEBEFSPQPFNBDPONJOBCBVOBiSFT TVGSJNJFOUPTEFTFDUPSFTEFMBDMBTFUSBCBKBEPSBOPSUFBNFSJDBOBJODPSQP
QVFTUBUPUBMwQPSQBSUFEFMMFDUPS&OThe Life of Poetry
VOMJCSPRVFFTUV SBOEPTVTWPDFTUBMZDPNPTUBTBQBSFDJFSPOFOEPDVNFOUPTPDJBMFTPFO
WPGVFSBEFDJSDVMBDJOQPSNTEFBPTBOUFTEFWPMWFSBTFSFEJUBEPFO FOUSFWJTUBTPSBMFTPFOSFHJTUSPTEFMQFSJEJDP3FDIB[BOEPEFFOUSBEBFM
3VLFZTFSBSNBCBi6OQPFNBJOWJUB6OQPFNBSFRVJFSF1FSP QBQFMEFMQPFUBHVSRVFHVBWJTJPOBSJBNFOUFBMPTEFTQPTFEPT
3VLFZ
{BRVJOWJUBVOQPFNB 6OQPFNBUFJOWJUBBTFOUJS.TRVFFTPUF TFSJOWFTUJHZFOUSFWJTUBMPTEJSFDUBNFOUFJOWPMVDSBEPTFOMBTMVDIBT
JOWJUBBSFTQPOEFS"ONFKPSVOQPFNBJOWJUBVOBSFTQVFTUBUPUBM&TUB Z USBHFEJBT DPUJEJBOBT EFM DBQJUBMJTNP RVF MFT UPD WJWJS
JODPSQPSBOEP
SFTQVFTUBFTUPUBM
FOFGFDUP
QFSPTFGPSNVMBBUSBWTEFMBTFNPDJPOFT MVFHPTVUFTUJNPOJPFOUFYUPTQPSGVFS[BJOUFSSVNQJEPT
USBTUPDBEPT
JO
6OCVFOQPFNBBUSBQBSUVJNBHJOBDJOJOUFMFDUVBMFTUPRVJFSFEFDJS UFSWFOJEPT
18 19
*71 MVDJO.FYJDBOBEF
MBSB[EFMPTNBMFTZMBSB[OEFMB
BDDJODPNVOJUBSJBTPOMBTNJTNBTMBUJFSSB-BQSPQJFEBEEF
&TGDJMDBFSBCBUJEPTFOUJFNQPTEFHVFSSB&OFMBGODSUJDP MBUJFSSB-BEFTJHVBMEBETPDJBMRVFQSPWPDBMBDPODFOUSBDJO
RVFUPEPMPBSSBTB
USBUBOEPEFJEFOUJDBSDBVTBTDPOQSFTUF[B EFMBUJFSSB
ZTVSJRVF[B
FOQPDBTNBOPT
ZFOGPDBSTFDPOTJNJMBSVSHFODJBFOMBTTPMVDJPOFTEFMDBTP
FT /PFTFYUSBPEFOJOHONPEP
QVFT
RVFVOBCVFOBQBSUF
BWFDFTGDJMQBTBSQPSBMUPMBBNBMHBNBEFBDDJPOFTDPUJEJB EFMBTDSOJDBTRVFBOJNBOFTUFWPMVNFOIBHBODBTPPNJ
OBT RVF NBOUJFOFO B VOB DPNVOJEBE FO QJF &O .YJDP
TPEFMBMJOFBMJEBEEFMUJFNQPZDJUFO
FOMBQBMBCSBZFOMB
FTQFDJBMNFOUF BIPSB
FT GDJM PMWJEBS MBT NVZ MBSHBT Z NVZ BDDJOEFMQSFTFOUF
QSDUJDBTEFPSHBOJ[BDJOZEFDSFFODJB
WJWBTUSBEJDJPOFTEFSFTJTUFODJBRVFNBSDBOBFTUFQBTEFTEF RVFIBOBQBSFDJEPVOBZPUSBWF[
USBOTGPSNBEBTTJFNQSF
BD
TV NJTNP OBDJNJFOUP &O FGFDUP
EF BDVFSEP DPO BMHVOPT UVBMJ[BEBTEFBMHVOBGPSNB
FOMBIJTUPSJBEF.YJDP1PSRVF
IJTUPSJBEPSFT
MBDPORVJTUBEF.YJDPDPJODJEJDPOVOBPMB FOUSFPUSBTUBOUBTDPTBT
MPRVFFTUFEntre las cenizas. Historias
EFTVCMFWBDJPOFTQPQVMBSFTDPOUSBFMQPEFSPB[UFDB
DBEBWF[ de vida en tiempos de muerteDPOGPSNBFTVOBIJTUPSJBWJWBEFM
NTEJTUBOUFEFTVTHPCFSOBEPT4JMBTDSOJDBTJOEHFOBTEF QBTBEPSFDJFOUFNFYJDBOPEFTEFFTFBCBKPNMUJQMF
QSPUJDP
MBQPDBTPOEJHOBTEFDPOBO[B
IBCSRVFSFDPSEBSRVFOP TJOQUJDPRVFFTU
FOSFBMJEBE
FOUPEPTMPTNCJUPTEFMFT
TMPMPTFTQBPMFTMFMMBNBSPOiQFSSPwB.PDUF[VNB
ZRVF QBDJPTPDJBM
GVFSPOTVTQSPQJPTDPOHOFSFTRVJFOFTMFBSSPKBSPOMBTQJFESBT
RVFMPBDBCBSBO"TNJTNP
EFFOUSFUPEBTMBTNPWJMJ[BDJPOFT
RVFSFTVMUBSPOFOMBTJOEFQFOEFODJBTEF-BUJOPBNSJDB
TMP 76
MBNFYJDBOBTFDPOWJSUJ
BMNFOPTFOUSFZ
CBKPFM
MJEFSB[HPEF)JEBMHPZEF.PSFMPT
FOVOWFSEBEFSPJOUFOUP i-BT GPHBUBT OPT TJSWJFSPO QBSB DVJEBSOPT Z DPOPDFSOPTw
EF SFWPMVDJO FTUSVDUVSBM #BTUB MFFS FTF NBSBWJMMPTP EPDV EJDF VO QBSUJDJQBOUF EF MBT SFDJFOUFT NPWJMJ[BDJPOFT FO
NFOUPRVFFTLos sentimientos de la nacin TPNPTVOBOBDJO .JDIPBDO 1FSP MP QPESB EFDJS
TJO QSPCMFNB BMHVOP
FM
FODVZBTMFUSBTJOJDJBMFTTFEFTMJ[B
FOFGFDUP
MBQBMBCSBTFO MFDUPSEFFTUFMJCSPUBNCJO7VFMUBTMFPZMVNCSF
DBMPSZSFT
UJNJFOUP
QBSBEBSTFDVFOUBEFMPRVFSFTJEFFOMBNEVMB HVBSEP
DPTBRVFJMVNJOBZDSFQJUB
MBTDSOJDBTEFFTUFMJCSP
NJTNBEFFTUFQBTJHVBMEBEFOUSFMBTSB[BT
EJTUSJCVDJOEF BOJNBOBMBDFSDBOBZBMBDPNQMJDJEBE&TJNQPSUBOUFFTUBS
MBUJFSSB
EFWPDJOBMBWJSHFOEF(VBEBMVQF$PNPNTUBS BMUBOUPEFMPTQFSJPEJTUBTEFTBQBSFDJEPT
EFMBSBQBDJEBEEF
EFMPBSHVNFOUBCB"OEST.PMJOB&OSRVF[FOLos grandes MPTOBSDPUSBDBOUFTDPOUSBMBTDPNVOJEBEFTJOEHFOBT
EFMB
problemas nacionales
FTFEJBHOTUJDPQPTJUJWJTUBRVFFTDSJCJ TBB DPO RVF TPO USBUBEPT MPT NJHSBOUFT DFOUSPBNFSJDBOPT
VOQPDPBOUFTEFMTVSHJNJFOUPEFMPTNVDIPTNPWJNJFOUPT FOVOUSFORVFOPQPSDVBMRVJFSDPTBMFBQPEBOiMBCFTUJBw
BSNBEPTZDJWJMFTBMPTRVFTFMFTEFOPNJOBDPNPMB3FWP FOTVQBTPQPSUFSSJUPSJPNFYJDBOP
EFMEPMPSRVFQFTBFOMPT
20 21
DPSB[POFTEFMPTQBESFTZNBESFTEFGBNJMJBRVFIBOQFSEJ TFWVFMWFOIBDJBMPTTVZPTQBSBNPWFSMBFOFSHBBEPMFTDFOUF
EPIJKPTBEPMFTDFOUFTFO$JVEBE+VSF[
EFMBWJPMFODJBRVF EFMPTFTUSBUPTEFMBWJPMFODJBIBDJBMPTWFSJDVFUPTEFMBSUFZEF
FOWVFMWFMBTWJEBTEFUBOUPTKWFOFTFOMBTQBOEJMMBTVSCBOBT MBNTJDB-BTNVKFSFTRVF
BQSPWFDIOEPTFEFVOBUFSBQJB
EFMB4VMUBOBEFM/PSUF
EFMBEFQSFTJORVFBUBDB
ZBUBDBTJO IFDIBEFPSFT
TFEBOBMBUBSFBEFTBOBSFTPRVFMPTBOUJHVPT
DVBSUFM
BDPNVOJEBEFTFOUFSBTTJOMBQPTJCJMJEBEEFSFDVSSJS MMBNBCBOFMBMNBZOPTPUSPTTBCFNPTRVFRVJFSFEFDJSFMBMNB
BOJOHOUJQPEFDVJEBEPNEJDP
EFMBTWFOHBO[BTRVFIBO Z FM DVFSQP FO FTUPT EBT -PT KWFOFT Z MPT OP UBO KWFOFT
UBTBKFBEPJODMVTPBMPTRVFEFOVODJBOMBWJPMFODJBFYUSFNBQPS RVF
TJSWJOEPTFEFTVBDDFTPBDPOFYJPOFTEJHJUBMFT
IBOPS
JOUFSOFU&TJNQPSUBOUF
QPSTVQVFTUP
FTUBSBMUBOUPEFUPEP HBOJ[BEPUBNCJOMBSFTJTUFODJBDPOUSBFMTJMFODJPEFMBHVFSSB
FTUP 1FSP FT JHVBMNFOUF SFMFWBOUF
FTUUJDB Z QPMUJDBNFOUF
BUSBWTEFMVTPFTUSBUHJDPEFMCMPHZEFMUXJUUFS5PEPTFMMPT
QPOFS BUFODJO B MP RVF "MJDF 0TXBME MMBN FOBSHFJB
FTB ZUPEPTVTUFEFTZUPEPTOPTPUSPT'PHBUBT
T:UPEPTBRV
iMVNJOPTB
JOTPQPSUBCMFSFBMJEBEwEFMFTGVFS[PEFUPEPTMPT 2VSBSP
QFSPRVDJFSUP
FTTFOUJSTFBIPSB
EFTQVTEFMFFS
EBTZMBSFTJTUFODJBDPUJEJBOBZMBTPCSFWJWFODJBNTOUJNB FTUFMJCSP
UBOPSHVMMPTBEFVOQBTUBONBMIFSJEP2VHVTUP
&TJNQPSUBOUFQSPEVDJSMB
FTBFOBSHFJB%FBIFTUBTGPHBUBT MMFOBSTF MB CPDB DPO MBT QBMBCSBT estoy con ustedes 6TUFEFT
EFQBMBCSBT
BUSBWTEFMBTRVFOPTDPOPDFNPTZOPTQSPUF NFTPO4PNPUSPT
RVFEJSB3JNCBVE(SBDJBTQPSDPNQJ
HFNPT%FBIFTUPBRV&TUPTTPOMPTDBTPT-BTUSBEJDJPOFT MBSMPHSBDJBTQPSFTDSJCJSMP4JVOMJCSPBMHVOBWF[FTDBQB[
BODFTUSBMFTBMBTRVFSFDVSSFOMPTNJFNCSPTEFVOBDPNVOJ EF TBMWBS MB WJEB EF BMHVJFO
TF
TJO EVEB
TFS FTUF MJCSP
EBEJOEHFOBRVFCVTDBGPSNBTFDBDFTEFBVUPHPCJFSOPQBSB i6OPTJFNQSFDVJEBTVDBTBw
EJDFPUSPQBSUJDJQBOUFEFPUSP
SFTHVBSEBSUBOUPMBTFHVSJEBEQCMJDBDPNPFMEFSFDIPBTVT NPWJNJFOUPQPQVMBSFOFM.YJDPEFIPZ&OFGFDUP6OP
CPTRVFTDPNVOBMFT-BSFDJFEVNCSFEFFTBTiMPDBTRVFDP TJFNQSF0NT
SSFOEFUSTEFVOUSFOwQBSBBMJNFOUBSBMPTNJHSBOUFTRVF
BSSJFTHBOTVTWJEBTQBSBBUSBWFTBSOVFTUSPQBT
EFNPTUSBO $SJTUJOB3JWFSB(BS[B
EP BT RVF FM DPSB[O NJTNP EF MP EPNTUJDP
DPNP MP FT
FMDPDJOBS
OPFTUBMFKBEPEFOJOHVOBNBOFSBEFMPQPMUJ
DP
DPNPMPFTMBTPMJEBSJEBEDPOFMEFTWBMJEP-PTQBESFTZ
NBFTUSPTRVF
IBCJFOEPQFSEJEPBTVTIJKPTZBMPTIJKPTEF
PUSPTFOVOBHVFSSBRVFTFIBFOTBBEPFTQFDJBMNFOUFDPOUSB
MPTKWFOFT
PSHBOJ[BOBDUJWJEBEFTEFQPSUJWBTFO$JVEBE+V
SF[
KVTUPFOFTBDPMPOJBRVFMBIJTUPSJBEFMBJOGBNJBOBDJP
OBMDVFOUBDPNPVOBNBTBDSFGVOEBDJPOBM4BMWSDBS-PTFY
QBOEJMMFSPTRVF
DPOPDJFOEPFMQSJWJMFHJPEFMBFEBEBEVMUB
22 23
A las y los ausentes, porque su memoria nos traza el camino.
A quienes se guan por esos trazos para construir esperanza.
&
FMNB(NF[%VSO
ETFWJFSOFTBOOPBNBOFDB3PTBSJPTFFOWPMWJDPOTV
SFCP[P
TFSFVOJDPOPUSBTNVKFSFTZQMBOUTVDVFSQPQF
Thelma Gmez Durn es periodista. Estudi Ciencias de la RVFP
SPCVTUP
FONFEJPEFMDBNJOPRVFMMFWBBMCPTRVF
Comunicacin en la UNAM. Comenz su labor periodstica VO CPTRVF RVF TF DPOWFSUB FO EFTJFSUP QPS DVMQB EF MPT
en el rea cultural de Notimex. Ha sido reportera y colabo- IPNCSFT RVF B EJBSJP QBTBCBO GSFOUF B TVT DBTBT DPO DB
radora de varios diarios y revistas de Mxico, donde ha escrito NJPOFTMMFOPTEFSCPMFTNBTBDSBEPT3PTBSJPZTVTDPNQB
sobre temas ambientales, ciencia, artes, derechos humanos y mo- FSBTFTQFSBSPOFMQSJNFSDBNJO&MIPNCSFRVFDPOEVDB
vimientos sociales. Es coautora del libro .JHSBDJPOFTWFNPT OJTJRVJFSBQJTFMGSFOPBMNJSBSMBT&MMBTMPEFUVWJFSPOB
JOGBODJBTOPTBCFNPT(Ririki). En 2008 obtuvo dos menciones QFESBEBT
DPOMBTQJFESBTRVFFODPOUSBSPOBMMBEPEFMDBNJ
honorficas en el Premio de Reportaje sobre Biodiversidad. Con OP6ONVDIBDIPUPDMBTDBNQBOBTEFMBJHMFTJBDFOUFOBSJB
un texto sobre el hondureo Julin Snchez Bentez, particip DPOPDJEB DPNP &M $BMWBSJP -P RVF TF FTDVDI OP FSB FM
en el proyecto colectivo NJHSBOUFT(Almada, Fronterapress), TPOJEPGOFCSFRVFBOVODJBMBNVFSUFEFVOWFDJOP
UBN
impulsado por la periodista Alma Guillermoprieto y dedicado a QPDP FM SFQJRVFUFP MFOUP RVF MMBNB B NJTB &TB NBBOB
los migrantes asesinados en Tamaulipas en 2010. En 2011 ob- MPTIBCJUBOUFTEFMBDPNVOJEBEJOEHFOBEF$IFSOPZFSPO
tuvo el segundo lugar del Premio Alemn de Periodismo Walter FMUPRVFEFTFTQFSBEPRVFBMFSUBDVBOEPFYJTUFVOQFMJHSP
Reuter, con un reportaje sobre Chern. &SBFMNJTNPRVFVOBTFNBOBBOUFTFTDVDIBSPODVBOEPTF
29
RVFNVOBDBTBZNVDIPTTBMJFSPOQBSBBQBHBSFMGVFHPRVFTF OJDJQBMZBMPTQBSUJEPTQPMUJDPT {2VMPTMMFWBQSFOEFS
MFTBEFMBOUZNBUBEPTOJPT FMGVFHPZGSBHVBSVOBOVFWBGPSNBEFHPCJFSOP {2VGVF
5BNCJOTFFTDVDIFMFTUSVFOEPEFVOP
EPT
USFTDPIFUPOFT MPRVFQBTQBSBRVFTFSFCFMBSBOFOVOBUJFSSBDPOUSPMBEB
-BHFOUFEFTQFSUZDPNQSFOEJRVFBMHPBOEBCBNBMFO QPSOBSDPUSBDBOUFT
TVQVFCMP&TFEB
EFDJEJFSPOSFDVQFSBSFMTFOUJEPEFMBQBMB
CSB$IFSO
RVFFOQVSQFDIBFTVOWFSCPZTJHOJDBiBTVT ***
UBSw&MWJFSOFTEFBCSJMEF
FTUBDPNVOJEBEDPNFO[ &OFMNBQBEF.YJDP
FMNVOJDJQJPJOEHFOBEF$IFSOFTU
BFTQBOUBSBMNJFEP FOMBNFTFUBQVSQFDIBEF.JDIPBDO
FMFTUBEPEPOEFOBDJ
Z TF FYUFOEJ DPNP IJFESB -B 'BNJMJB
HSVQP EFEJDBEP BM
*** USDPEFESPHBT
MBFYUPSTJOZPUSPTEFMJUPT&MFTUBEPEPO
&OVODVBSUPIBCJUBEPQPSVOBNFTB
VO+FTVDSJTUPZMB#JCMJB
EF'FMJQF$BMEFSOEBTEFTQVTEFMMFHBSBMBQSFTJEFODJB
3PTBSJPSFDVFSEBMPRVFWJWJFMEBFORVF$IFSOFNQF[TV FM EF EJDJFNCSF EF FNQF[ TV iHVFSSB DPOUSB FM
MVDIBQPSSFDVQFSBSMBQB[SPCBEBQPSRVJFOFT
TJOEJTJNVMP
OBSDPUSDPwRVFFONFOPTEFTFJTBPTEFKNTEFNJM
TBRVFBCBOTVTCPTRVFT
FYUPSTJPOBCBO
BTFTJOBCBOZEFTBQB NVFSUPT
SFDBOBTVHFOUFEFTEF
QPSMPNFOPT
USFTBPTBUST "$IFSOTFMFFODVFOUSBFOUSFMBTDJVEBEFTEF6SVBQBOZ
SBNPT DPNP RVJODF TFPSBT 'BMUBCB QPDP QBSB MBT .PSFMJB-BQSJNFSBJOBVHVSFOTFQUJFNCSFEFDPO
DJODPEFMBNBBOB/PTPUSBT
OFSWJPTBT
FNQF[BNPTBBUBKBS DJODP DBCF[BT IVNBOBT BSSPKBEBT B VOB QJTUB EF CBJMF
MPTDBSSPTRVFCBKBCBO2VJOTBCFEFEOEFTBMJFSPO
QFSP MBTFTDFOBTEFIPSSPSZWJPMFODJBRVF
EFTEFFOUPODFT
HPMQFB
MMFHBSPOQVSPTKPWFODJUPTBBQPZBSOPT$VBOEPTFFTDVDIB SPOB.YJDP-BTFHVOEB
DBQJUBMEFMFTUBEP
TFFTUSFNFDJ
SPOMBTDBNQBOBEBTTFKVOUNTZNTHFOUF6OPTUJSBCBO FOTFQUJFNCSFEFDPOFMFTUBMMJEPEFEPTHSBOBEBTFOTV
QJFESBTZPUSPTMBTBSSJNBCBO-PCVFOPGVFRVFFMQVFCMP DFOUSPIJTUSJDP
KVTUPFMEBEFMB*OEFQFOEFODJB
SFTQPOEJ/POPTEFKBSPOTPMBT 1BSBMMFHBSB$IFSOFTQSFDJTPBEFOUSBSTFBVOBSFHJO
3PTBSJPIBCMBRVFEJUP$PNPNVDIPTEFTVTWFDJOPT
EFCPTRVFTZMBHPT
DSV[BSQFRVFPTQVFCMPTJOEHFOBTIB
SFDJCF BM WJTJUBOUF DPO VOB JOWJUBDJO RVF
FO PDBTJPOFT
CJUBEPTQPSDBNQFTJOPTZDBSQJOUFSPT%FTEFFMEFBCSJM
TVFOBDPNPPSEFOi`TJOUFTFBDPNFSw-BNJSPZNFQSF EF
FM WJTJUBOUF TBCF RVF FTU FO $IFSO DVBOEP TF
HVOUPRVGVFMPRVFFMMBZTVTWFDJOBTWJWJFSPO QBSB RVF UPQB DPO VOB CBSSJDBEB DPOTUSVJEB DPO DPTUBMFT EF BSFOB
FTFWJFSOFTEFBCSJMFYQMPUBSBO
QBSBRVFTVWP[EFBSSVMMPTF WJHJMBEB QPS IPNCSFT BSNBEPT 6O MFUSFSP EB MB CJFOWFOJ
DPOWJSUJFSBFOVOHSJUPEFFYJHFODJB
QBSBRVFEFDJEJFSBO EB i1SPIJCJEP JOUSPEVDJS CFCJEBT FNCSJBHBOUFT
QPSUBS P
iMFWBOUBSTFw{2VWJWJFSPOQBSBBWFOUVSBSTFBFOGSFOUBSB EJGVOEJSQSPQBHBOEBEFQBSUJEPTQPMUJDPT
VUJMJ[BSWFIDV
MPTUBMBNPOUFT
BFYQVMTBSBMBQPMJDB
BMQSFTJEFOUFNV MPTDPODSJTUBMFTQPMBSJ[BEPTyw
30 31
&TVOQVFCMPHSBOEF
DPODBMMFTBOHPTUBTZDBTBTEFEPT NVDIPTZBOPFSBVOTFDSFUPRVFFOMBT[POBTBMUBTEFMPT
QJTPT4VTNJMIBCJUBOUFTWJWFOEFMDBNQP
MBBMCBJMFSB
NPOUFTFYJTUBODVMUJWPTEFNBSJIVBOBZMBCPSBUPSJPTEFESP
MBGBCSJDBDJOEFNVFCMFTZKVHVFUFTEFNBEFSB
MBWFOUBEF HBTTJOUUJDBT
CMVTBTCPSEBEBT
QFSPTPCSFUPEP
EFMEJOFSPRVFFOWBOMPT
NJMNJHSBOUFTRVFWJWFOFO&TUBEPT6OJEPT"RV
MBTNV ***
KFSFTTPORVJFOFTDPOTFSWBOMBWFTUJNFOUBQVSQFDIBSFCP[P -BQSFPDVQBDJOQPSMPRVFQBTBCBFO$IFSODSFDJFO
EF GSBOKBT B[VMFT Z OFHSBT
CMVTBT CPSEBEBT Z BSSBDBEBT EF &OMBTFTRVJOBTTFWFBBKWFOFTDPOTVNJFOEPESPHBT
iZFTP
PSP
VOTNCPMPEFMJOBKFJOEHFOB BOUFTOPTFNJSBCBBRVw
EJDF.BSB
NVKFSBMBRVFMFGBMUBO
&O FTUB DPNVOJEBE
FM NJFEP DPNFO[ B DSFDFS B OBMFT EJFOUFT
QFSPMFTPCSBFOFSHBDVBOEPIBDFUPSUJMMBT$VBOEP
EFM
DVBOEPFMQSJJTUB3PCFSUP#BVUJTUB$IBQJOBOB BOPDIFDB
TMPBMHVOPTDVBOUPTTFBUSFWBOBDBNJOBSQPSFM
DJEPBRV
QFSPDSJBEPFO6SVBQBOHBOMBTFMFDDJPOFTQBSB QVFCMP4MPFOFMJOUFSJPSEFMBTDBTBT
TFDPNFOUBCBOMBTOP
QSFTJEFOUF NVOJDJQBM &O FTUF MVHBS DVFOUBO RVF MMFH B MB UJDJBTBMEVFPEFMPTBCBSSPUFT&TUSBEB
MPTFDVFTUSBSPO"M
BMDBMEBQPSRVFIJ[PUSBUPTDPOMPTMEFSFTEFMBUBMBJMFHBMRVF DPNVOFSP5JS[P.BESJHBM
MPEFTBQBSFDJFSPO"MBTNVKFSFT
UBNCJODPOUSPMBOMBTJFNCSB
QSPEVDDJOZWFOUBEFESPHBT RVFWFOEFOFOFMUJBOHVJTZBMFTQJEJFSPOiMBDVPUBw
EJ[RVF
FOMBSFHJO&MQBHPQPSTVUSJVOGPQPMUJDP
EJDFO
GVFSPO QBSBEBSMFTTFHVSJEBE"MBQBS
MBHFOUFQSFHVOUBCB{RVJOFT
MPTSCPMFTEFMDFSSP4BO.JHVFMNJMIFDUSFBTEFCPTRVF TPOFTPTRVFTFQBTFBO
DPONTJDBBUPEPWPMVNFO
FODB
RVFEFTBQBSFDJFSPOFOEPTBPTDBTJFMEFMPTCPTRVFTEFM NJPOFUBTZBVUPTEFMVKP
QVFCMP $VBOEPSFDMBNCBNPTBMQSFTJEFOUFNVOJDJQBM
OPTEF
"3PCFSUP#BVUJTUBUBNCJOMFBDIBDBOMBNVFSUFEFMNBFT DBiEKFOMPT
OPTFNFUBOFOQSPCMFNBT ElMPTBOEBOCJFOBS
USP-FPQPMEP+VSF[
TVQSJODJQBMDSUJDPZMEFSMPDBMEFM13% NBEPTw7BSJBTWFDFTGVJNPTBEFOVODJBSB.PSFMJB
QFSPOBEJF
+VSF[JOBVHVSMBMJTUBEFBTFTJOBEPTZDJODPEFTBQBSFDJEPT OPTIBDBDBTPDVFOUB.BSB
RVF$IFSOTVNFOUSFZKVMJPEFM"PTFOMPTRVF -PTQPCMBEPSFTBPSBCBOMPTUJFNQPTFORVFOPTFSPCBCBO
FMQBTNVMUJQMJDFMONFSPEFNVFSUPT
EFTBQBSFDJEPT
NBTB OBEB
RVFOPTFPBEFBTFTJOBUPTOJEFTBQBSJDJPOFT5JFNQPT
DSFT
GPTBTDMBOEFTUJOBTZEFTQMB[BEPT FOMPTRVFTVCBOBMCPTRVFBSFDPMFDUBSMFB
SFTJOB
IPOHPTZ
&TDJFSUPRVFMBMMFHBEBEF#BVUJTUBBDFMFSMBUBMBJMFHBMZ QMBOUBTQBSBDVSBSTFPIBDFSU
EFTBUMBWJPMFODJBFO$IFSO
QFSPMBTDPTBTOPNBSDIBCBO -BTNVKFSFTEFDBNPTi{DNPMFWBNPTBIBDFS /PQP
CJFOEFTEFBPTBUST"OUFTEF#BVUJTUBZBFYJTUBOEJGFSFO EFNPTTFHVJSBTwSFDVFSEB3PTBSJP
DJBTQPSMBUBMBDMBOEFTUJOBZQPSRVFBRVFMMPTRVFEJSJHBOMPT "FMMBTTFMFTPDVSSJFTDSJCJSVONFOTBKF$POBZVEBEFTVT
CJFOFT DPNVOBMFT TF BMJBSPO B QBSUJEPT QPMUJDPT
OP SFO IJKPT
IJDJFSPOVOPTWPMBOUFT&MEFBCSJM
MBTFTRVJOBT
EBODVFOUBTTPCSFFMBTFSSBEFSPZMBSFTJOFSBDPNVOBM1BSB EF$IFSOBNBOFDJFSPODPOQBQFMJUPTSFHBEPT
32 33
i"MQVFCMPEF$IFSOTFIBDFVOBJOWJUBDJOQBSBRVFSF FM SFQJRVFUFP EFTFTQFSBEP EF MBT DBNQBOBT DPSSJ IBDJB &M
FYJPOFTEFMBTDPTBTRVFFTUOTVDFEJFOEP
ZRVFMBTBVUPSJEBEFT $BMWBSJPQFOTRVFTFRVFNBCBVOBDBTB
OPIBDFOOBEB
OPTFQSFPDVQBOQPSEFGFOEFSMPTCPTRVFT
QPS .JSBMBTTFPSBTZBQVSPTDIBWBMPTFOGSFOUBOEPBMPT
MPRVFTFUFQJEFPSHBO[BUFFOUVDBMMF
DPMPOJBPCBSSJP
QBSB UBMBNPOUFT/PMPQFOTEPTWFDFT
NFVO"HBSSBNPTBVOP
EFGFOEFSFMPKPEFBHVBEFMBADPGSBEBZBRVFFTVOPEFMPT EFTQVTBPUSPTEPT&OUPUBMBHBSSBNPTBDJODPZRVFNBNPT
NBOBOUJBMFTRVFBCBTUFDFVOBQBSUFEF$IFSO&TUFFTDSJUP TVT DBNJPOFUBTy :P MFT IBCB BHBSSBEP DPSBKF
QPSRVF BI
OPQFSUFOFDFBOJOHOQBSUJEPQPMUJDP
TFIBDFQPSRVFEB EPOEFWJWPMPTWFBQBTBSEJBSJPDPOMPTDBSSPTMMFOPTEFNB
USJTUF[BEFDNPFTUORVFEBOEPMPTDFSSPT
TBCFNPTRVFMPT EFSB4JUFMFTQPOBT
UFBNFOB[BCBO
SCPMFTTPOMPTRVFSFUJFOFOFMBHVBEFMBTMMVWJBT:B#BTUBw +PTSFDVFSEBRVFBOUFTEFRVFEJFSBOMBTEJF[EFMBNBBOB
.FTFTBOUFT
BMHVOPTIPNCSFTJOUFOUBSPOEFUFOFSBMPTUBMB EFTEFVOBB[PUFB
MPTKWFOFTNJSBSPODNPFOUSBCBOBMQVFCMP
NPOUFTIJDJFSPO[BOKBTQBSBDFSSBSFMQBTPBMCPTRVFZDPOWP WBSJBTDBNJPOFUBTDPOIPNCSFTFODBQVDIBEPTZBSNBEPT
FTDPM
DBSPOBPSHBOJ[BSTFQBSBFOGSFOUBSMPT1PDPTSFTQPOEJFSPO&M UBEPTQPSMPTQPMJDBTNVOJDJQBMFT
EFTOJNPDSFDJDVBOEPIPNCSFTBSNBEPTFOUSBSPOBMQVFCMP 7FOBOBSFTDBUBSBMPTUBMBNPOUFT5SBBOTVTDVFSOPUFT
ZTFMMFWBSPOB3BGBFM(BSDBZ"SNBOEP+FSOJNP
JOUFHSBOUFT EF DIJWP $PO QJFESBT Z DPIFUFT MPT BUBKBNPT BOUFT EF RVF
EFMDPNJTBSJBEPEFCJFOFTDPNVOBMFT BWBO[BSBO/PMPHSBSPOTVCJSQPSRVFBWFOUBNPTVODPIFUFZ
-BT NVKFSFT EFDJEJFSPO RVF FMMBT MP JOUFOUBSBO i1FOTBNPT MFEJPBVOPEFFMMPT/PTPUSPTQFOTBNPTRVFNVSJ"OUFT
RVF QPS TFS NVKFSFT
OP OPT IBSBO OBEBw
EJDF 3PTBSJP 1PS EFJSTFWPMWJFSPOBEJTQBSBSZMFEJFSPOBVOPEFMPTOVFTUSPT
MBTEVEBT
DPNQSBSPODPIFUPOFT"DPSEBSPORVFFMEPNJOHP SFDVFSEB+PT
TVCJSBOBMNPOUF-PTQMBOFTTFBEFMBOUBSPODVBOEPWJFSPO &SOFTUP
EFBPT
QFSEJMBWJTUBEFMPKPEFSFDIPZMB
RVF ZB OP FYJTUBO MPT SCPMFT DFOUFOBSJPT RVF SPEFBCBO FM NPWJMJEBEEFTVCSB[P
NBOBOUJBMEF-B$PGSBEB
-PTNBOBOUJBMFTTPOTBHSBEPT
QPSRVFSFQSFTFOUBOWJEB ***
/PTPUSPTMPTDVJECBNPT
MPTQSPUFHBNPT:FTPTIPNCSFT &OMBQMB[BEF&M$BMWBSJP
MPTIBCJUBOUFTTFSFVOJFSPOBMSF
RVFCBKBCBOOPDIFZEBDPOTVTDBSSPTCJFODBSHBEPTEFUSPO EFEPSEFMPTDJODPUBMBNPOUFT
DPT
RVFOPSFTQFUBCBOOBEB
EFTUSVZFSPOFTBQBSUFTBHSBEB `.UFOMPT
NUFOMPT
%JKJNPTFTPTZBOPSFDVFSEB3PTBSJP /P&O$IFSOOPTPNPTBTFTJOPTHSJUVOBNVKFS
{2VJOMPTNBOEB {2VJOFTTVKFGF
*** -PTEFUFOJEPTIBCMBSPO4VTQBMBCSBTDPOSNBSPOBMHVOBT
"+PTMFHVTUBOMPTQBOUBMPOFTQFHBEPTZMBTDBNJTFUBTOF TPTQFDIBT %JKFSPO RVF QPS DBEB DBSSP EF NBEFSB QBHBCBO
HSBT 5JFOF BPT $VBOEP FTF WJFSOFT EF BCSJM FTDVDI iVOB DVPUBw EF NJM QFTPT 2VF FM MEFS FSB $VJUMIVBD )FS
34 35
OOEF[
&M (FSP
IPNCSF PSJHJOBSJP EF 3BODIP .PSFMPT NUPEPEFEFGFOTBRVFIBDFEDBEBTVUJMJ[BSPOTVTBCVFMPT
&MNJTNPRVFDPNFO[TVIJTUPSJBOFHSBSPCBOEPHBOBEP
BUSJODIFSBSTF $POTUSVZFSPO CBSSJDBEBT FO MBT FOUSBEBT EFM
RVFTFHBOMBTJNQBUBEFWBSJPTQPSRVFBTBMUBCBDBNJPOFT QVFCMP-PTIPNCSFTNPOUBSPOHVBSEJB-BTNVKFSFTQSFQBSB
ZSFQBSUBFMCPUOFOUSFMPTIBCJUBOUFTEFMPTFNQPCSFDJEPT SPODPNJEB
DBGZU-PTKWFOFTKVOUBSPOQJFESBT
MMFOBSPO
SBODIPTEFMBNFTFUBQVSQFDIB&OVOPTDVBOUPTBPT
MB CPUFMMBTDPOHBTPMJOBZWJHJMBSPOEFTEFMBTB[PUFBTNTBMUBT
GBNBEF$VJUMIVBD)FSOOEF[DSFDJBMBEIFSJSTFB-B'B 1PS MB OPDIF
TF QSFOEJ MB QSJNFSB GPHBUB FO &M $BMWB
NJMJB"MEJWJEJSTFFTUFHSVQPZGPSNBSTFMBPSHBOJ[BDJO-PT SJP"MBTJHVJFOUFOPDIF
FOFTRVJOBTDFSDBOBT
TFQSFOEJFSPO
$BCBMMFSPT5FNQMBSJPT
MTFVOJBFMMPTZUPNNTGVFS[B EPTNTZMVFHPPUSBTZPUSBT&OMPTDVBUSPCBSSJPT
FOUPEPT
-PTUBMBNPOUFTEFUFOJEPTBTFHVSBSPORVFDPO&M(FSP MPTDSVDFTEFEPTDBMMFT
TFQSFOEJFMGVFHP$JFOUPOPWFOUBZ
USBCBKBCBOIPNCSFTEF4BO-PSFO[P
4BOUB$SV[5BOBDP
$B DVBUSPGPHBUBTJMVNJOBSPOMBTOPDIFTEF$IFSOEVSBOUFOVFWF
QDVBSP
3BODIP$BTJNJSP
3BODIP$FSFDJUPZ3BODIP.P NFTFT&ODVBOUPTFNFUBFMTPM
MBHFOUFQSFOEBMBNBEFSB
SFMPT5BNCJOBMHVOPTIBCJUBOUFTEF$IFSO&YQMJDBSPOMB QSFQBSBCBDPNJEBZTFTFOUBCBBMSFEFEPSEFMPTMFPTBSEJFOUFT
SVUBEFMUSDPJMFHBMEFNBEFSBFOMBSFHJOMPTSCPMFTMMF QBSBDPNQBSUJSUPSUJMMBT
QBO
QMUJDBZBOIFMPT
HBOBMPTBTFSSBEFSPTEF5BOBDPZ4BO-PSFO[P"ITFDPO 1BSBMPTQVSQFDIBTSFVOJSTFBMSFEFEPSEFMGVFHPFTQBSUF
WJFSUFOFOUBCMPOFTZTBMFOQBSBTFSWFOEJEPTFO(VBEBMBKBSB EFMBWJEBNJTNB&OTVTDBTBT
MBGPHBUBPDVQBFMDFOUSPEFMB
P4BO-VJT1PUPT DPDJOB&TBMSFEFEPSEFFMMBRVFMBGBNJMJBDPNQBSUFBMFHSBT
-BDPOGFTJOEFMPTUBMBNPOUFTMMFWBMBHFOUFBEFTDPOPDFS Z USJTUF[BT &T GSFOUF BM EJPT GVFHP
FM 5BUB +VSJBUB
RVF TF
BMBMDBMEF
BDPSSFSBMPTQPMJDBTZMMBNBSBM&KSDJUP-PTTPMEB EJTDVUFOMPTQSPCMFNBTZTFCVTDBOTPMVDJPOFT
EPTMFTSFTQPOEJFSPORVFOPUFOBOVOBPSEFOQBSBJSZDVBOEP &O$IFSO
MPTMFPTTFTBDBSPOEFMBDPDJOBQBSBQSFOEFSTF
MBUVWJFSPOTFJOTUBMBSPOBMBTBGVFSBTEFMQVFCMP/PEVSBSPO FOMBTDBMMFT&OUSFDFOJ[BTZIVNPTFSFFODPOUSMBDPNVOJ
OJVOBTFNBOB4FGVFSPOEFTQVTEFRVFMPTDIFSBOFOTFTFO EBE-BTGPHBUBTTFDPOWJSUJFSPOFOTNCPMPEFSFTJTUFODJB
EF
USFHBSPO B MPT DJODP IPNCSFT RVF UVWJFSPO SFUFOJEPT FO &M VOJOZFOMBCBTFEFPSHBOJ[BDJOEFMBDPNVOJEBE
$BMWBSJP-BHFOUFMPTFOUSFHBGVODJPOBSJPTFTUBUBMFTQPS -BTGPHBUBTTJSWJFSPOQBSBDVJEBSOPTZDPOPDFSOPT:B
RVFVOHSVQPBSNBEPTFDVFTUSBDJODPOBUJWPTEF$IFSORVF IBTUB QBSFDBNPT VOB TPMB GBNJMJB EF UBOUP RVF FTUCBNPT
WJBKBCBOB;BNPSB"NFOB[BSPODPONBUBSMPTTJFMQVFCMP BISFDVFSEB3PTBSJP
OPFOUSFHBCBBMPTUBMBNPOUFT "MDBMPSEFMBGPHBUB
MBHFOUFEF$IFSOEFTFNQPMWGPS
NBT EF PSHBOJ[BDJO DPNVOJUBSJB RVF GVFSPO BSSJODPOBEBT
*** DVBOEP MPT QBSUJEPT QPMUJDPT BVNFOUBSPO TV QSFTFODJB 4F
i{2VIBDFNPT "RVFMMPTWBOBSFHSFTBSw
EFDBOMBTNVKFSFT SFWJWJFMiSPOEODPNVOJUBSJPwRVFEFKEFFYJTUJSBOBMFT
MBUBSEFEFMWJFSOFT"MHVOPTQSPQVTJFSPOEFTFNQPMWBSFM EFMPTBPTPDIFOUB
DVFOUB%BWJE
VOBCPHBEPWFJOUFBFSP
36 37
1BSB GPSNBS FM SPOEO
DBEB CBSSJP FMJHJ B IPNCSFT UPSUJMMBT FO MB GPHBUB EPOEF UPEBT MBT OPDIFT TF SFVOB DPO
OBDJEPTFO$IFSOZNBZPSFTEFBPT%FTEFBCSJMEF TVTWFDJOPTi%FTEF FM EF BCSJM FTUBNPT SFTDBUBOEP MB
TFMFTNJSBUSFQBEPT
DBSHBOEPTV3P",RVFQFSUF +BSPKQJLVBw
NF EJKP &O QVSQFDIB
+BSPKQJLVB TJHOJDB
OFDBOBMB1PMJDB.VOJDJQBMPRVFMBHFOUFEPOFOMB iBZVEBSTFVOPTBPUSPTw
QBSUFUSBTFSBEFMBTDBNJPOFUBTRVFUBNCJOFSBOEFMB1PMJ (SBDJBT B VOB CFDB QBSB FTUVEJBOUFT JOEHFOBT
"OUPOJB
DB.VOJDJQBM4POMPTFODBSHBEPTEFMBTFHVSJEBEEFMQVFCMP
FTUVEJ MB NBFTUSB FO &TQBB Z &TUBEPT 6OJEPT $POPDFS
EFSFDPSSFSMBTDBMMFTZIBDFSHVBSEJBTFOMBTCBSSJDBEBT PUSBTUJFSSBTOPMBBMFKEF$IFSO
.JGBNJMJBNFFOTFBUFOFSVOGVFSUFTFOUJEPEFDP
*** NVOJEBE
VODPNQSPNJTPDPONJQVFCMP.JQVFCMPFTNJ
-BQSJNFSBWF[RVFWJTJU$IFSOGVFVOEPNJOHPEFKVOJP DBTB:VOPTJFNQSFDVJEBTVDBTB
EF-MFHVFOMBDBSBWBOBRVFPSHBOJ[FM.PWJNJFO -PNJTNPMFJODVMDBSPOB4BMWBEPS
B%BWJE
B(VBEBMV
UPEF1B[DPO+VTUJDJBZ%JHOJEBEQBSBMMFWBSWWFSFTBMQVF QF
B1FESP
B*HOBDJP
B$MBSBy4POBCPHBEPT
CJMPHPT
BS
CMPRVF
QBSBFOUPODFT
MMFWBCBEPTNFTFTBUSJODIFSBEP/P RVJUFDUPT
JOHFOJFSPT
NBFTUSPT$PNP"OUPOJB
TFTFOUBSPO
FOUSBCBO DBNJPOFT SFQBSUJEPSFT EF QSPEVDUPT -BT FTDVFMBT BMSFEFEPSEFMBTGPHBUBTQBSBGSBHVBSFMGVUVSPEFTVQVFCMP
FTUBCBODFSSBEBTZTMPVOPTDVBOUPTQPCMBEPSFTTFBUSFWBO DPOQBESFT
BCVFMPT
IFSNBOPTZWFDJOPT
BJSNTBMMEFMPTMNJUFTEFMQVFCMP5FOBOSB[POFTQBSB
OPTBMJS ***
"MBTQPDBTTFNBOBTEFIBCFSTFBUSJODIFSBEP
FODPOUSBSPO &OBHPTUPEF
DVBOEPFMQBTZBIBCBPMWJEBEPRVF$IF
WPMBOUFTFOMPTRVFTFPGSFDBONJMQFTPTBRVJFOFOUSFHBSB SO TFHVB BUSJODIFSBEP
TVT QPCMBEPSFT BOVODJBSPO RVF OP
BVODIFSBOFOTFB-B'BNJMJB%FTQVTSFDJCJFSPOVOBBNF QBSUJDJQBSBOFOMBFMFDDJOQBSBQSFTJEFOUFNVOJDJQBMZHP
OB[BQBSFDJEB
QFSPSNBEBQPS-PT;FUBT CFSOBEPS
"RVFMEPNJOHPRVF$IFSOSFDJCJBMBDBSBWBOB
MMPWB &OMBTGPHBUBT
DPNFOUCBNPTRVFMPTQBSUJEPTOPIB
DPOEJTDSFDJO-BTNVKFSFTQSFQBSBSPOMBDPNJEBRVFTJSWFO DBONTRVFEJWJEJS
RVFMPTQPMUJDPTTMPMMFHBCBOBTFSWJS
DVBOEPIBZFTUBDPSVOEBTZDIVSJQP-PTOJPT
DPOMBNJUBE BMPTTVZPTRVFFMHPCJFSOPOJDBTPOPTIBDB
OBEBNTOPT
EFMBDBSBDVCJFSUBDPOVOQBMJBDBUF
SFDJCJFSPOBMPTGVFSFPT FTUBCBDBOTBOEP
OPMFTJNQPSUBCBOOVFTUSBTEFNBOEBTEFTF
DPO DBSUFMFT RVF EFDBO i+VTUJDJB QBSB MPT CPTRVFTw
i+VTUJDJB HVSJEBEZKVTUJDJBSFDVFSEB"OUPOJB
QBSB MPT BTFTJOBEPT Z EFTBQBSFDJEPTw
i2VFSFNPT WJWJS TJO &MEFBHPTUPEFFTFBP
MBHFOUFTFSFVOJFOMBQMB
BOHVTUJBTZUFNPSFTw [B QSJODJQBM 1PS NBZPSB EF WPUPT
BDPSEBSPO FMFHJS B TVT
&TFEBDPOPDB"OUPOJB
IJTUPSJBEPSBEFBPT
QBO BVUPSJEBEFT DPNP MP IBDBO TVT BCVFMPT &O PUSPT UJFN
UBMPOFTEFNF[DMJMMB
UFOJTZSFCP[P-BFODPOUSIBDJFOEP QPT SFDVFSEB .BSB DBEB CBSSJP FMFHB B VO IBCJUBOUF
38 39
QBSB TFS QSFTJEFOUF NVOJDJQBM %FTQVT
FO VOB BTBNCMFB UFSNJOBDJOEFMPTQVFCMPT'VFSPOMPTQSJNFSPTFOVTBSMBT
TFFTDPHBBRVJFOTFSBFMDBOEJEBUPQSJODJQBM-PTQBSUJEPT SFGPSNBTEFMBSUDVMP
RVFPCMJHBOBSFTQFUBSMPTUSBUBEPT
TMPQSFTUBCBOTVSFHJTUSPMBTWPUBDJPOFTFOMBTVSOBTFSBOTMP JOUFSOBDJPOBMFTTPCSFEFSFDIPTJOEHFOBT
DPNPFM$POWFOJP
VOUSNJUF EFMB0SHBOJ[BDJO*OUFSOBDJPOBMEFM5SBCBKPZMPTQMBT
-B$PPSEJOBDJO(FOFSBMEFM.PWJNJFOUPEF-VDIBEFMB NBEPTFOMB%FDMBSBDJOEFMB0/6
$PNVOJEBE*OEHFOBEF$IFSORVFTFGPSNEBTEFTQVT $POFTPTBSHVNFOUPTZMBTSNBTEFNTEFEPTNJMIBCJ
EFM EF BCSJM EFM FOWJ VO EPDVNFOUP BM *OTUJUVUP UBOUFT
BTDPNPFMBDPNQBBNJFOUPEFM"MUP$PNJTJPOBEPEF
&MFDUPSBMEF.JDIPBDOFYJHBOFMSFTQFUPBTVEFSFDIPEFFMF %FSFDIPT)VNBOPTEFMB0/6
MPTBCPHBEPTMMFHBSPOIBTUB
HJSBTVTBVUPSJEBEFTQPSVTPTZDPTUVNCSFT FM5SJCVOBM&MFDUPSBMEFM1PEFS+VEJDJBMEFMB'FEFSBDJO/JO
$VBOEPMBHFOUFEJKPRVFOPRVFSBFMFDDJO
TFEJFSPO HOQFSJEJDPOBDJPOBMMPJOGPSN
QFSPFMEFOPWJFNCSFEF
WBSJBT CBKBT FO FM NPWJNJFOUP 4F TBMJFSPO QFSTPOBT RVF ZB
QPSNBZPSBEFWPUPT TMPVOPFODPOUSB
MPTNBHJT
FTUBCBOBDPTUVNCSBEBTBWJWJSEFMBQPMUJDBSFDVFSEB.BSB USBEPTEFUFSNJOBSPORVF$IFSOUFOBEFSFDIPBOPQBSUJDJ
7BSJPT RVF MVDIBSPO DPOUSB MPT UBMBNPOUFT
TF DPOWJSUJF QBSFOMBTFMFDDJPOFTZ
BEFNT
QPEBFMFHJSBTVTBVUPSJEBEFT
SPOFOOVFTUSPQFPSFOFNJHP
IJDJFSPOUPEPQPSRVFTTFWPUBSB DPOFMTJTUFNBEFVTPTZDPTUVNCSFT
FO$IFSOEJDF'SBODJTDP
VOIPNCSFRVFQFSUFOFDJBM /PGVFUBOGDJMMJCFSBSTFEFMPTQBSUJEPT
13% Z TF EFDFQDJPO EFM QBSUJEP DVBOEP -FPOFM (PEPZ -PTDIFSBOFOTFTUVWJFSPORVFTBMJSBMBTDBMMFTQBSBFYJHJS
MMFHBMBHVCFSOBUVSBFOZOPBUFOEJTVTPMJDJUVEEF BM*OTUJUVUP&MFDUPSBMEF.JDIPBDOZBM$POHSFTPEFM&TUB
TFHVSJEBE EPSFTQFUPBMBEFDJTJOEFM5SJCVOBM&TPTVDFEJFMEFOP
"OUPOJP5FIBOEOGVFVOPEFMPTRVFEFKFMNPWJNJFO WJFNCSF
EBFORVF.JDIPBDOFMFHBBHPCFSOBEPSZQSFTJEFOUFT
UP4FQPTUVMDPNPFMOJDPDBOEJEBUPQBSBBMDBMEFQPSFM NVOJDJQBMFT&TFEPNJOHP
FOMBDPNVOJEBEOPTFJOTUBMBSPO
13*
13%
/VFWB"MJBO[B
$POWFSHFODJBZ7FSEF&DPMPHJT VSOBT3PTBSJP
"OUPOJB
+PT
$BSNFOZDJFOUPTEFIBCJUBOUFT
UB"M*OTUJUVUP&MFDUPSBMEF.JDIPBDOMMFWMBTSNBTEF NBSDIBSPOQPSMBTDBMMFTEFMQVFCMPZBUJCPSSBSPOMBQMB[BDPO
IBCJUBOUFTRVFTRVFSBOFMFDDJPOFT NBOUBTRVFEFDBOi/VFTUSPTTVFPTOPDBCFOFOMBTVSOBTw
&MHSVQPRVFEFTFBCBVOHPCJFSOPDPNVOJUBSJPDPNFO[ i/PTPNPTVOWPUP
TPNPTJOEHFOBTZUFOFNPTEJHOJEBEw-PT
VOBOVFWBMVDIB4VTBMJBEPTGVFSPODVBUSPKWFOFTBCPHBEPT OJPTBQSFOEJFSPOBHSJUBSi4J;BQBUBWJWJFSB
RVDIJOHBMFT
RVFEFDJEJFSPOKVHSTFMBDPOFTUFQVFCMP%PTEFFMMPTOBDJF QVTJFSBw
i"SSJCB
BCBKP
QBSUJEPTBMDBSBKPw
SPOFO$IFSO4BMWBEPS5PSSFTZ%BWJE3PNFSPBFMMPTTF &MTJHVJFOUFQBTPMPEJFSPOFMEFEJDJFNCSF
DVBOEPFM
VOJFSPO0SMBOEP"SBHOZSJLB#SDFOBT *OTUJUVUP&MFDUPSBMEF.JDIPBDOSFBMJ[VOBDPOTVMUBQBSB
"CPHBEPTZDPNVOFSPTFYJHJFSPORVFTFNBUFSJBMJ[BSBMP DPNQSPCBS RVF MB NBZPSB RVFSB EFTUFSSBS B MPT QBSUJEPT
RVFJOEJDBFMBSUDVMPEFMB$POTUJUVDJOTPCSFMBMJCSFEF &M QSPDFEJNJFOUP GVF TFODJMMP &O DBEB VOP EF MPT DVBUSP
40 41
CBSSJPTTFSFBMJ[VOBBTBNCMFBZTFEJKPiMFWBOUFOMBNBOP 4FJTIPNCSFTGVFSPOQSPQVFTUPT6OPBHSBEFDJFMIP
RVJFOFTUBGBWPSEFFMFHJSBMBTBVUPSJEBEFTQPSFMTJTUFNBEF OPS
QFSPFYQMJDRVFOPQPEBQBSUJDJQBSQPSQSPCMFNBTGB
VTPTZDPTUVNCSFTw NJMJBSFT 0USP OP TF QSFTFOU VO EB BOUFT TF DBZ EFM
&OFMCBSSJPDVBSUP
$BNJMPGVFFMOJDPRVFOPMFWBOUMB DBCBMMPZGVFBEBSBMIPTQJUBM-PTDVBUSPSFTUBOUFTTFDPMP
NBOP&TUFDPNFSDJBOUFEFBPT
RVFBMQSJODJQJPEFMNPWJ DBSPOGSFOUFBMBHFOUFZIBCMBSPO
NJFOUPBOEVWPFOMBTCBSSJDBEBT
GVFEFMPTQPDPTRVFTFBUSFWJ /VODBIFTJEPQPMUJDP/PIBCMPNVDIP
QFSPMFTEJHP
B NPTUSBS TV EFTBDVFSEP DPO FM OVFWP SVNCP RVF UPNBCB TV BOUFTRVFNJGBNJMJBFTUNJQVFCMPEJKP)DUPS
NJMJUBS
DPNVOJEBE0USBTTJFUFQFSTPOBTNTMPIJDJFSPOFOMPTCBSSJPT KVCJMBEP
QSJNFSPZTFHVOEP /PIBZOFDFTJEBEEFRVFQSPNFUBNPTMPRVFOPQPEB
&TFEB
FOMPTDVBUSPCBSSJPT
NJMQFSTPOBTWPUBSPOQPSRVF NPTDVNQMJS4MPTFOFDFTJUBRVFSFSBMQVFCMP
RVFSFSBOVFT
FO$IFSOZBOPTFSFBMJ[BSBOFMFDDJPOFTDPOFMTJTUFNBEFQBSUJEPT USBHFOUF
RVFSFSOVFTUSBDVMUVSBQBSBSFQSFTFOUBSMBFYQMJD
+PT
NBFTUSPEFTFDVOEBSJB
*** :DPNFO[MBWPUBDJO$BEBVOPEFMPTDBOEJEBUPTTFQBS
6ONFTEFTQVT
FMEFFOFSPEF
$IFSOBZVEBSFDPSEBS TPCSF VOB TJMMB EF BMVNJOJP 'SFOUF B M TF GPSNBSPO UPEPT
BMQBTPUSBGPSNBEFFMFHJSBVUPSJEBEFT/PFYJTUJFSPOMBSHBTZ BRVFMMPTRVFMFEBCBOTVWPUP-PTUSFTDBOEJEBUPTDPOMBTMBT
DPTUPTBTDBNQBBTQPMUJDBT&MQVFCMPOPTFFOTVDJDPOQSPQB NTMBSHBTGVFSPOMPTFMFHJEPT
HBOEB4VTCBSEBTOPTFQJOUBSPODPOQSPNFTBTWBDBTOJBTJTUJFSPO $VBOEP UFSNJO MB WPUBDJO
0SMBOEP "SBHO
BCPHBEP
BNUJOFTQBSBSFDJCJSVOBEFTQFOTB
VOBHPSSBPVOBDBNJTFUB RVFSFBMJ[BVOEPDUPSBEPFODJFODJBTBOUSPQPMHJDBT
NFEJKP
-BFMFDDJOGVFBTDBEBVOPEFMPTDVBUSPCBSSJPTSFBMJ[ &MNPWJNJFOUPEF$IFSOTFUJFOFRVFMFFSFODMBWFQPM
TVBTBNCMFBFOFMQBUJPEFVOBFTDVFMB5SFTDPIFUFTTPOBSPO UJDBZOPTMPDVMUVSBM&MMPTFTUOEFNPTUSBOEPRVFMBQPMUJDB
QBSBBWJTBSRVFJOJDJBCBMBFMFDDJOEFMPTIPNCSFT
USFT QVFEFTFSFMBSUFEFMPHSBSMPJNQPTJCMF
QPSDBEBCBSSJP
RVFGPSNBSBOFMDPOTFKPNBZPS-PTWFDJOPT :NJFOUSBTMPTIBCJUBOUFTEF$IFSOBOEBCBOFOFTBTBS
QSPQPOBOBTVDBOEJEBUP UFTJNQPTJCMFT
FOPUSBTDPNVOJEBEFTEF.JDIPBDOTPCSF
&OFMCBSSJPUFSDFSPTFFTDVDIFTUP UPEPMBTJOEHFOBTFMOBSDPUSDPTFHVBTJOCBKBSMBHVBS
1SPQPOHPBMDPNVOFSP+PT
QPSRVFIBEFNPTUSBEPRVF EJBZUPNBCBNTGVFS[BFOFMDPOUSPMEFOFHPDJPTDPNPMB
FTUDPOTVQVFCMP
FTSFTQPOTBCMFZOVODBIBUFOJEPQSPCMF TJFNCSBEFMBHVBDBUF
iFMPSPWFSEFwDPNPMPDPOPDFOFOFM
NBTFOTVGBNJMJBEJKP+PTFGB FTUBEP
1SPQPOHPBMTFPS)DUPS
QPSRVFIBQBSUJDJQBEPFOMBT &MEFGFCSFSPEF
$IFSOFTUSFOTVOVFWPHPCJFSOP
DPNJTJPOFT
OBDJFO$IFSOZUJFOFVONPEPIPOFTUPEFWJEB &OMTFFMJNJOMBHVSBEFQSFTJEFOUFNVOJDJQBM4VMVHBSGVF
BTFHVS4FSHJP PDVQBEPQPSMPT,FSJT
QBMBCSBRVFFOQVSQFDIBTJHOJDB
42 43
iMPTHSBOEFTw$VBOEPUPNBSPOQSPUFTUB
FTDVDIBSPOMPTQSJO &TDSJCPFTUBIJTUPSJBEBTEFTQVTEFRVFTFDVNQMJFMQSJNFS
DJQJPTBSFTQFUBS BP EF RVF FTUF QVFCMP TF MFWBOU $BNJOP QPS TVT DBMMFT Z
4FSWJSZOPTFSWJSTF FODVFOUSPHSBUJTDPOFMSPTUSPEF&NJMJBOP;BQBUB+PT
FM
3FQSFTFOUBSZOPTVQMBOUBS NVDIBDIPEFQBOUBMPOFTSPUPTZBKVTUBEPT
NFDVFOUBRVFla
$POTUSVJSZOPEFTUSVJS DPNJTJOEFKWFOFTMPTQJOU"IPSB
PSHBOJ[BODPODJFSUPT
KPS
0CFEFDFSZOPNBOEBS OBEBTDVMUVSBMFTZEBOWJEBB3BEJP'PHBUB
FTUBDJODPNVOJUBSJB
$POWFODFSZOPWFODFS RVF USBOTNJUF QJSFLVBT TPOFT USBEJDJPOBMFT QVSQFDIBT
-PT,FSJTOPTPOMPTOJDPTRVFGPSNBOFMHPCJFSOP NTJDBMBUJOPBNFSJDBOBEFMPT
IJQIPQZTLB5BNCJOTF
DPNVOBM+VBOZ4BMWBEPSTFQPOFOFODVDMJMMBTQBSBFYQMJ PZFOMBTDBODJPOFTJOTQJSBEBTFOMBMVDIBEF$IFSO
FTDSJUBT
DBSNFMBFTUSVDUVSBEFTVHPCJFSOP$POTVEFEPUSB[BOFO QPSUSPWBEPSFT
NTJDPTEFIJQIPQZSPRVFSPT
MBUJFSSBVODSDVMPHSBOEFRVFSFQSFTFOUBFM$POTFKP.BZPSEF 3FDPSSPFMFEJDJPRVFFOPUSPTUJFNQPTGVFFM1BMBDJP.V
MPT,FSJT"TVBMSFEFEPSEJCVKBOTFJTDSDVMPT
TPOMPTDPO OJDJQBMZIPZTFMMBNB$BTB$PNVOBM$IFSO,FSJ&OVOB
TFKPT FM EF "TVOUPT $JWJMFT
FM EF %FTBSSPMMP 4PDJBM
FM EF PDJOBFODVFOUSPBUSFTNBFTUSPTEFM$POTFKPEF"TVOUPT$J
"ENJOJTUSBDJO
FMEF#JFOFT$PNVOBMFT
FMEF#BSSJPTZFM WJMFT"FMMPTMFTUPDBBUFOEFSMPTBTVOUPTSFMBDJPOBEPTDPOMBT
EF1SPDVSBDJOZ$PODJMJBDJOEF+VTUJDJB$BEBVOPEFFMMPT FTDVFMBT
MBTGFTUJWJEBEFTZMBTBDUJWJEBEFTEFQPSUJWBT
UJFOFDVBUSPPDJODPDPNJTJPOFT&OUPUBMTPOIBCJUBOUFT )BTJEPNVZEJGDJMRVFSFDPOP[DBOOVFTUSBOVFWBFT
MPTRVFQBSUJDJQBOFOGPSNBEJSFDUBFOFMFYQFSJNFOUPQPM USVDUVSBEFHPCJFSOP"MQSJODJQJP
OPTEFDBORVFQBSBUPEPT
UJDPEF$IFSO
DJFOEFFMMPTGPSNBOFMSPOEODPNVOJUBSJP MPTUSNJUFTOFDFTJUBCBOBVOQSFTJEFOUFNVOJDJQBM
BVOTO
5PEPTGVFSPOFMFHJEPTFOMBTGPHBUBT EJDPPBVOSFHJEPS:FTPZBOPFYJTUFFO$IFSOFYQMJDB
$VBOEP IBCMCBNPT FO MBT GPHBUBT EFDBNPT RVF OP 4BMWBEPS
QPEBNPTUFOFSBVOTPMPJOEJWJEVPBMGSFOUFEFMBTDPNJTJP &OMBPDJOBEFFOGSFOUFFODVFOUSPBVODPNFSDJBOUF
VO
OFT5FOBORVFTFSWBSJPT
QPSRVFFTNTGDJMDPSSPNQFSB FTUVEJBOUF EF BENJOJTUSBDJO
B VO MJDFODJBEP FO DPNFSDJP
VOBTPMBQFSTPOBRVFBUSFT
DVBUSPPEPDFEJDF4BMWBEPS FYUFSJPS Z B VO QSPGFTPS 'PSNBO FM $POTFKP EF %FTBSSPMMP
-BTDPNJTJPOFTOPTPOVOJOWFOUP
MBTUPNBNPTEF 4PDJBM.FDVFOUBODNPFODPOUSBSPOFM1BMBDJP.VOJDJQBM
MBPSHBOJ[BDJOQVSQFDIB&OOVFTUSBDVMUVSBTJFNQSFIBO -PTRVFFTUBCBOBOUFTTFMMFWBSPOUPEP/PIBCBBSDIJ
FYJTUJEPMBTDPNJTJPOFTQBSBMBTFTUBT
QBSBMPTCJFOFTDPNV WPT -BT DPNQVUBEPSBT MBT EFKBSPO TJO NFNPSJB P TJO EJTDP
OBMFT&TVOBFTUSVDUVSBRVFSFTQPOEFBMBTOFDFTJEBEFTZMBT EVSP EJDF 'SBODJTDP M FYQMJDB RVF EF MBT QFSTPOBT
DPOEJDJPOFTEFMBDPNVOJEBEEJDF%BWJE
FMBCPHBEP RVFQBSUJDJQBOFOFMOVFWPHPCJFSOP
TMPVOBTDVBOUBTMBTRVF
TFEFEJDBOUPEPFMEB
UJFOFONTOFDFTJEBEPOPUJFOFOPUSPT
*** JOHSFTPTSFDJCFODPNQFOTBDJOFDPONJDB
44 45
4FEFDJEJRVFFMTVFMEPRVFSFDJCBVOSFHJEPS BMSFEF ***
EPSEFNJMQFTPT
TFEJWJEJSBFOUSFEJF[PNTQFSTPOBT
&MEFBCSJMEF
MPTIBCJUBOUFTEF$IFSOSFDJCJFSPO
QPSRVFOPIBZEJOFSPEJDF4BMWBEPS VO HPMQF RVF MPT TBDVEJ Z SFDPSE
VOB WF[ NT
RVF MPT
: OP IBZ EJOFSP QPSRVF FM HPCJFSOP BOUFSJPS MFT IFSFE IPNCSFTDPOUSBMPTRVFTFMFWBOUBSPOFTUOBDFDIOEPMPT
VONPOUOEFEFVEBT5BOTMPMB$PNJTJO/BDJPOBMEFM &TFEBMPTDPIFUFTZFMSFQJRVFUFPEFTFTQFSBEPEFMBTDBN
"HVBSFDMBNBVOQBHPEFNJMMPOFTEFQFTPT
QPSFMGVODJP QBOBTBOVODJBSPONBMBTOPUJDJBT6OHSVQPEFDPNVOFSPTGVF
OBNJFOUPEFMBQMBOUBUSBUBEPSBEFBHVB1PSFTP
FMHPCJFSOP FNCPTDBEPFOFMDFSSP
NJFOUSBTSFBMJ[BCBUSBCBKPTEFSFGPSFT
DPNVOJUBSJPEF$IFSOTPMJDJUVOBBVEJUPSBBMBBENJOJT UBDJO
DPNPQBSUFEFVOQSPHSBNBHVCFSOBNFOUBMEFFNQMFP
USBDJOEFMFYQSFTJEFOUFNVOJDJQBM3PCFSUP#BVUJTUB)BTUB UFNQPSBM%PTIPNCSFTNVSJFSPOZEPTNTRVFEBSPOIFSJEPT
BIPSBOPUJFOFOSFTQVFTUB:NJFOUSBT
FMFYBMDBMEFZTVGB 4FNBOBTBOUFT
PODFQPCMBEPSFTGVFSPOTFDVFTUSBEPTQPSUBMB
NJMJBWJWFOFO6SVBQBO NPOUFTFOMBDBSSFUFSB
DVBOEPJCBOB;BNPSB)PSBTEFTQVT
6ONEJDP
VOQBTBOUFEFEFSFDIP
VOUSBOTQPSUJTUBZVO GVFSPOMJCFSBEPT
BMCBJMTPOMPTIPNCSFTRVFFTUOFOMB$PNJTJOEF1SPDV -PT,FSJTFYJHJFSPOBMHPCJFSOPGFEFSBMZFTUBUBMRVFHBSBOUJ
SBDJOZ$PODJMJBDJOEF+VTUJDJB%FFMMBEFQFOEFFMSPOEO [BSBOMBTFHVSJEBEFOMPTBMSFEFEPSFTEF$IFSO$PNPTJFNQSF
DPNVOJUBSJP TMPSFDJCJFSPOQSPNFTBT-FTEJKFSPORVFTFSFBMJ[BSBOPQFSBUJWPT
&OMBTBTBNCMFBTTFEJKPRVFSFTDBUSBNPTMBGPSNBEF QBSBEFTNBOUFMBSBMPTHSVQPTEFUBMBNPOUFTZEFOBSDPUSBDBOUFT
IBDFSKVTUJDJBEFBOUFT"RVUSBUBNPTRVFOPTFWBZBMBHFO &O $IFSO QPEFNPT QSFTVNJS RVF WJWJNPT FO VOP EF
UFBMBDSDFM4JBMHVJFOSPCB
UJFOFRVFQBHBSBMBGFDUBEP
MPTUFSSJUPSJPTNTTFHVSPTEFMQBT&MQSPCMFNBFTRVFDVBOEP
QFEJSVOBEJTDVMQBQCMJDBZIBDFSUSBCBKPDPNVOJUBSJPDPO TBMJNPTEFOVFTUSPQVFCMPTPNPTWVMOFSBCMFTEJDF"OUPOJB
MBDPNJTJOEFMJNQJF[BFYQMJDBFMNEJDP4BM &TUBNPTCJFOBRVBEFOUSP
QFSPFOMPFDPONJDPFTUB
&OMBPDJOBRVFBOUFTFSBFMEFTQBDIPEFMQSFTJEFOUFNV NPTCBUBMMBOEP
QPSRVFNVDIBTQFSTPOBTTBMBOBWFOEFSTVT
OJDJQBMFTUOTFJTEFMPT,FSJT"UPEPTTFMFTNJSBDBOTBEPT DPTBTBPUSPTQVFCMPTZBIPSBOPMPIBDFOQPSNJFEP&NPDJP
6OP EF FMMPT FTU TVNJEP FO VOB DPOWFSTBDJO UFMFGOJDB OBMNFOUFVOPBOEBCBKPEFQJMBTEJDFVONBFTUSPEFMB
DPO VO GVODJPOBSJP EFM HPCJFSOP EF .JDIPBDO -F QJEF RVF $PNJTJOEF"TVOUPT$JWJMFT
FOWFVOIFMJDQUFSPQBSBWJHJMBSMPTDFSSPTEFMBQBSUFOPSUFEF &O MB QMB[B
EPT IPNCSFT EF VOPT BPT DPO DBNJTBT
$IFSO
QPSRVFTFNJSBSPOBWBSJBTDBNJPOFUBTTVCJSBMCPTRVF QMBODIBEBTZMJTUPTQBSBJSBVOBFTUBDPOFTBORVFFMMPTRVJF
-PT UBMBNPOUFT TJHVFO MMFWOEPTF MB NBEFSB EFM PUSP SFORVFSFHSFTFFMTJTUFNBEFQBSUJEPTB$IFSO
MBEPEFMDFSSP:TJHVFOMPTHSVQPTRVFDPOUSPMBOFMOBSDP
MBT &MHPCJFSOPFTUBUBMOPOPTWBBBQPZBSQPSRVFOPWPUBNPT
FYUPSTJPOFTZMPTTFDVFTUSPTFOMBSFHJO&M(FSPTJHVFFOMB &MHPCFSOBEPSWBBEFDJSiQBSBRVMPTBZVEP
TJFMMPTOPRVJTJF
[POBEJDFFM,FSJ+PT SPOWPUBSw
46 47
&MDPNVOFSP4BOUJBHPEJDF 2VJFOFTUBNQPDPFTUOEJTQVFTUBTBDMBVEJDBSTPO"MNB
;F
/PT TFOUJNPT BJTMBEPT Z DPO NJFEP B TBMJS
QFSP FO OBJEB
3PTB
"OHMJDBZ"MJDJB4POMBTFTQPTBTEFMPTBTFTJOBEPT
PUSBT DPNVOJEBEFT UBNCJO WJWFO DPO NJFEP
QFSP OP TF ZMPTEFTBQBSFDJEPT&OUSFFMMBTUBNCJOFTUMBFTQPTBEF&SOFTUP
BUSFWFOBEFDJSMP
OPTFBUSFWFOBEFDJSRVFFMDSJNFOPSHB FMNVDIBDIPRVFSFTVMUIFSJEPFMWJFSOFTEFBCSJM&TDPNO
OJ[BEP FTU BI /PTPUSPT OPT BUSFWJNPT B EFOVODJBS )PZ NJSBSMBTKVOUBTIBDJFOEPDPSVOEBT
BTJTUJFOEPBMBTBTBNCMFBT
RVJ[UFOFNPTUFNPS
TBCFNPTRVFTFQVFEFOQFSEFSWJEBT
FYJHJFOEPRVFOPTFPMWJEFOEFMPTBTFTJOBEPTZEFTBQBSFDJEPT
QFSPWBNPTBTFHVJSIBTUBEFKBSMFTBOVFTUSPTIJKPTZOJFUPT "WFDFTTVFPRVFNJFTQPTPSFHSFTB1JFOTPRVFFTU
BMHPNTTFHVSPEJDFFM,FSJ+PT WJWP
RVF TJ M FTUVWJFSB BRV
UBNCJO FTUBSB BQPZBOEP BM
-BTDIJTQBTEFMPTMFPTRVFTFQSFOEJFSPOFO$IFSOMB OVFWPHPCJFSOPEJDF"MNB4VIJKPNBZPSQBSUJDJQBFOMB
OPDIFEFMEFBCSJMWPMBSPOZMMFHBSPOBPUSBTUJFSSBT-BDP $PNJTJOEF1SPDVSBDJOZ$PODJMJBDJOEF+VTUJDJB
NVOJEBE JOEHFOB EF 4FWJOB TF BUSJODIFS
EFTDPOPDJ BM -BRVFUBNCJOQBSUJDJQBFOFMHPCJFSOPDPNVOJUBSJPFT
QSFTJEFOUF NVOJDJQBM EF /BIVBU[FO
TV DBCFDFSB NVOJDJ 3PTBSJP&MMBFTUFOMB$PNJTJOEF#JFOFT$PNVOBMFT
QBM
ZGPSNTVTSPOEJOFTDPNVOJUBSJPT0USBTQVFCMPTJO $VBOEPBIPSBNFEJDFORVFTJUFOHPNJFEP
MFTEJHPRVF
EHFOBTEF.JDIPBDO
DPNP5VSDVBSPZ$PSVQP
UBNCJO OP4JVOPUJFOFNJFEPOVODBWBTBMJSEFFTUP"IFTU1BSB
TFBUSJODIFSBSPO:FO;JUDVBSP
ZBPSHBOJ[BSPOTVSPOEO DIP
BIMMFHBOZNBUBO
TFDVFTUSBO-BHFOUFOPQVFEFTBMJSEF
OPDIF4JVOBNVDIBDIBMFTHVTUBBFTPTIPNCSFT
TFMBMMFWBO
*** Z MVFHP OP TF TBCF OBEB EF FMMB :P TJFOUP VO PSHVMMP UBO
-PTDPNVOFSPTRVFQBSUJDJQBOFOFMHPCJFSOPDPNVOJUBSJP HSBOEFEFRVFFO$IFSOZBOPOPTEFKBNPT:OPOPTWBNPT
OPFTUOEJTQVFTUPTBDMBVEJDBS:DPNPNVFTUSBIBCMBOEF BEFKBS{6TUFEDNPWF {&TUNBMMPRVFFTUBNPTIBDJFOEP
MPTQSPZFDUPTRVFUJFOFOFONBSDIB2VJFSFOSFWJWJSFMBTF
SSBEFSPZMBSFTJOFSBDPNVOBM
QBSBFMMPWJTJUBSPODPNVOJ ***
EBEFTEF1VFCMBZ0BYBDBQBSBDPOPDFSDNPPUSPTQVFCMPT &MEFBHPTUPEFM
EBTEFTQVTEFIBCFSJOJDJBEPVO
JOEHFOBTMPHSBSPOVOBQSPWFDIBNJFOUPTVTUFOUBCMFEFTVT PQFSBUJWP EF TFHVSJEBE FO MB NFTFUB QVSQFDIB
FMFNFOUPT
CPTRVFT5JFOFOQMBOFTEFDSFBSFTDVFMBTDPNVOJUBSJBTFO EFM&KSDJUPNFYJDBOPFODPOUSBSPOFMDVFSQPEF$VJUMIVBD
EPOEFMPTOJPTBQSFOEBOQVSQFDIBFJOHMT1SFQBSBOMB )FSOOEF[
&M(FSP
ZFMEFVONVDIBDIPEFBPTDPO
SFIBCJMJUBDJOZSFBQFSUVSBEFVOSFTUBVSBOUFFDPUVSTUJDPZ WBSJPTEJTQBSPT
FOFMJOUFSJPSEFVOBDBNJPOFUBMJODPMOJO
DPNFEPSFTDPNVOJUBSJPT"MJTUBOMBDSFBDJOEFVOBQMBOUB DFOEJBEB
SFDJDMBEPSB EF CBTVSB 0SHBOJ[BO SJGBT QBSB DPNQSBS VOB
BNCVMBODJB Z UPSOFPT EF CBTRVFUCPM
EFQPSUF QPQVMBS FO -PTOPNCSFTEFBMHVOBTQFSTPOBTRVFBQBSFDFOFOFTUBIJTUPSJBGVFSPO
$IFSO DBNCJBEPTBQFUJDJOEFFMMBTNJTNBT
48 49
7
"MCFSUP/KBS
Alberto Njar es productor para Mxico y Centroamrica de la S7-1
cadena britnica BBC World Service. Periodista especializado en
cobertura de temas sociales como narcotrfico, migracin inter- AMBCSJSMBQVFSUBEFTVDBTBMBTPSQSFOEJVOBKPWFOBSSPEJ
nacional y trata de personas. Durante 10 aos hizo reportajes de MMBEBi1PSMPRVFNTRVJFSB
NBESF
BZEFOPTw
TVQMJD
investigacin en el suplemento Masiosare de La Jornada. Tam- &SBDBTJNFEJBOPDIF-BTDBMMFTEF-B1BUSPOB
VOCBSSJP
bin fue reportero de asuntos especiales en los diarios Milenio y EFMBDBCFDFSBNVOJDJQBMEF"NBUMOEF-PT3FZFT
7FSBDSV[
El Centro. Coautor del libro )PSBTJOGBVTUBTMBUSBHFEJBEFM FTUBCBOBQFOBTJMVNJOBEBT
/FXT%JWJOF (Ririki), y fue seleccionado en la antologa (SBO -BKPWFOIPOEVSFBIBCBMMFHBEPFOVOUSFOEFDBSHBKVOUPDPO
EFT $SOJDBT 1FSJPETUJDBT (Comunicarte). Es licenciado en DJFOUPTEFQFSTPOBTJOEPDVNFOUBEBT
UPEBTEF$FOUSPBNSJDB4V
Ciencias de la Comunicacin por el Instituto Tecnolgico de OPWJPGVFBDVDIJMMBEPDVBOEPMBEFGFOEJEFVOJOUFOUPEFWJPMBDJO
Estudios Superiores de Occidente (ITESO), y diplomado en pe- 6OBTJUVBDJONVZGSFDVFOUFFO.YJDP
EPOEFMPTUSFOFT
riodismo econmico por el Instituto Tecnolgico Autnomo de EFDBSHBTFIBODPOWFSUJEP
EFTEFIBDFNTEFVOBEDBEB
Mxico (ITAM). Obtuvo el primer Premio Nacional de Perio- FODBTJFMOJDPUSBOTQPSUFQBSBDJFOUPTEFNJMFTEFNJHSBO
dismo a la mejor corresponsala extranjera otorgado por el Club UFTRVFQSFUFOEFOMMFHBSB&TUBEPT6OJEPT
de Periodistas de Mxico, as como el primer Premio de Perio- &MDBNJOPTJFNQSFGVFQFMJHSPTP
QFSPEFTEFDVBOEPFM
dismo Parlamentario de la Asamblea Legislativa del Distrito HPCJFSOPNFYJDBOPFNQSFOEJMBHVFSSBDPOUSBFMOBSDPUSDP
Federal, en la categora de reportaje. TFDPOWJSUJFOVOBSVUBEFNVFSUF
53
-BQBSFKBEFIPOEVSFPTMPTVQPEFGPSNBDSVEB
ZDVBOEP i1PSFTPDVBOEPWJRVFCBKBCBOBMNVDIBDIPDPNPTJFT
FMUSFOTFEFUVWPFO-BT1BUSPOBTMBNVKFSCBKEFTFTQFSBEBFO UVWJFSBDSVDJDBEPEJKF4FPS
BIFTUTUw
EJDFMBSPCVTUB
CVTDBEFBZVEB NVKFSCMBODBDPOQFDBTZQFMPDBTUBP
"MHVJFOMFEJKPRVF/PSNB3PNFSP7[RVF[QPESBBZV /PSNBZTVTIFSNBOBTQBTBSPOFMSFTUPEFMBOPDIFBMDVJ
EBSMB
ZTJOQFOTBSMPDPSSJIBTUBTVDBTB"MMFTUBCB
MBNVKFS EBEPEFMIFSJEP/JOHONEJDPRVJTPBUFOEFSMP
UFNFSPTPT
EFSPEJMMBTNJFOUSBTTVQBSFKBQFSEBTBOHSFTPCSFFMUFDIPEF EFJOWPMVDSBSTFFOQSPCMFNBTMFHBMFT-BTNVKFSFTQVTJFSPO
VOWBHO TBMFOMBTIFSJEBTEFMNVDIBDIPZSF[BSPOFMSFTUPEFMBNB
i4UFWPZBBZVEBS
QFSPMFWOUBUFQSJNFSPw
MFEJKP/PS ESVHBEBIBTUBRVFSFBDDJPO
NB%JF[NJOVUPTEFTQVTMBTEPTNVKFSFTMMFHBSPOBMBTWBT 4FRVFEDPOFMMBTEVSBOUFWBSJBTTFNBOBTBMMBEPEFTV
EPOEFFMUSFOTFIBCBEFUFOJEP%FMBTDBTBTDFSDBOBTMMFHBCB OPWJB
ZDVBOEPSFDVQFSGVFS[BTWPMWJBMUSFO"WFDFTMB
VOQPDPEFMV[&OMBQFOVNCSB
EFDFOBTEFQFSTPOBTMBSP QBSFKBFOWBDBSUBTEFTEF&TUBEPT6OJEPT
EFBSPOi"ZEBOPT
NBESFw
SFQFUBO &TB OPDIF EF /PSNB SFBDUJW FM NPUPS FTQJSJUVBM
)BOQBTBEPNTEFBPTQFSP/PSNBSFDVFSEBDMBSB RVFIBCBFYUSBWJBEP-PFODPOUSKVTUPBVOPTQBTPTEFFMMB
NFOUFFMFODVFOUSP"MMMFHBSBMBTWBT
DVFOUB
iNFDVCSJ FOTVNBESF-VDJMB7[RVF[
RVJFOEFTEFIBDBWBSJPTNFTFT
VOGSPJOUFOTPEFTEFMBDBCF[BBMPTQJFT4FOUNVDIPNJF DPDJOBCBVOPTLJMPTEFBSSP[ZGSJKPMQBSBMPTNJHSBOUFT
EP
ZQFOT4FPS
TJUNFQVTJTUFBRV
FSFTFMOJDPRVFNF "QBSUJSEFFTFNPNFOUPMBSPCVTUBNVKFSTFBDFSDBMB
WBBBZVEBS:TFNFRVJUFMGSPw DPDJOBEFTVNBESF
ZMVFHPMMFHPUSBIFSNBOB
EFTQVTVOB
/PSNBEJKPRVFTMPQPESBBZVEBSBMIFSJEPi&TUCJFOw
QSJNB
SFTQPOEJFSPORVJFOFTBMDBO[BSPOBFTDVDIBSMBi4JMFBZVEBT -BTNVKFSFTDPSSBOEJBSJBNFOUFBMBTWBTFODVBOUPFTDV
BMOPTBZVEBTBUPEPTw DIBCBOFMTJMCBUPEFMUSFO
DBSHBEBTEFDBKBTDPOCPMTJUBTEF
%FM UFDIP EFM WBHO CBKBSPO BM FOGFSNP
VO KPWFO DPNJEBZBHVB
JODPOTDJFOUFEFQJFMOFHSBDPONVFDBEFEPMPS-PUPNBSPO -PT NJHSBOUFT FNQF[BSPO B MMBNBSMFT -BT 1BUSPOBT
OP
EFMBTQJFSOBT
KVOUPTMPTUBMPOFT
NJFOUSBTPUSPTMPSFDJCBO TMPQPSFMOPNCSFEFMCBSSJPTJOPDPNPVOBGPSNBEFSFTQF
DPOMPTCSB[PTBCJFSUPT UP&O.YJDPZ$FOUSPBNSJDBTFMMBNBQBUSPOBBVOBNVKFS
4FQBSFDBB$SJTUPRVFEFTDFOEBEFDBCF[B
SFDVFSEBBO DPOBVUPSJEBE
QFSPRVFUBNCJODVJEBZWFMBQPSTVTIJKPT
FNPDJPOBEB/PSNB :FTRVJ[MBNFKPSEFOJDJOQBSB/PSNBZTVTDPNQBFSBT
-BFTDFOBNBSDTVWJEB)BDBUJFNQPRVFTVGFDBUMJDB &MHSVQPBIPSBFTUGPSNBEPQPSNVKFSFT
GBNJMJBSFTZ
FTUBCBFODSJTJT
EFTDPODFSUBEBQPSMBWJEBSFMBKBEBEFMTBDFS WFDJOBTEFMCBSSJPRVFUPEPTMPTEBTTJOEFTDBOTPDVNQMFO
EPUFFODBSHBEPEFMBQBSSPRVJBEF"NBUMOZMBEPCMFNPSBM DPOTViTFSWJDJPw
DPNPMMBNBOBMBUBSFBEFQSFQBSBSZFOUSF
EFTVTDPMBCPSBEPSBTZBMHVOBTNPOKBT HBSDPNJEBZBHVB
54 55
2VJODFBPTEFTQVTBQSFOEJFSPOMBTDPTUVNCSFTZWFSJ &SB SBSP WFS RVF BMHVJFO WJBKBSB EF iUSBNQBw P iNPTDBw
DVFUPTEF-B#FTUJB
DPNPNVDIPTMMBNBOBMGFSSPDBSSJMEF DPNPTFEJDFBRVJFOFTTFNVFWFOFOUSFOFTEFDBSHB
ZSFTVMUB
DBSHBRVFWJBKBEFTEFFMTVSFTUFNFYJDBOP4BCFOBRVIPSB CBBONTEJGDJMRVFFTBTQFSTPOBTGVFSBODFOUSPBNFSJDBOBT
QBTBOMPTDPOWPZFT
DVOEPUSBFNJHSBOUFTFOFMMPNPZIBT &MQBOPSBNBDBNCJFO
DVBOEPFMIVSBDO.JUDI
UBBQSFOEJFSPOMBTTFBMFTEFMPTNBRVJOJTUBT
RVJFOFTBDUJWBO EFWBTUB)POEVSBTZQBSUFEF(VBUFNBMB1BSB$FOUSPBN
PBQBHBOFMTJMCBUPPMBTMVDFTQBSBBEWFSUJSEFBMHOIFSJEP
P SJDBFMEFTBTUSFOBUVSBMBHVEJ[MBQSPGVOEBDSJTJTFDPONJDB
EFMBQSFTFODJBEFEFMJODVFOUFTFOUSFMPTNJHSBOUFT ZTPDJBMRVFEFKBSPOEJDUBEVSBTNJMJUBSFTZHVFSSBTDJWJMFT
$PNPMBTQFSTPOBTJOEPDVNFOUBEBTBRVJFOFTBMJNFOUBO
6OBIFSFODJBEFEFTFNQMFPZWJPMFODJB
DPONJMFTEFKWF
-BT1BUSPOBTBUBSPOTVWJEBBMUSFO OFTFOSPMBEPTFOQBOEJMMBTEFMB.BSB4BMWBUSVDIBPMB.BSB
$PODBEBCPMTBEFDPNJEBZMBTCPUFMMBTEFBHVBBMJWJBO
FOGSFOUBEBTBNVFSUFEFTEFTVOBDJNJFOUPFO-PTOHF
FMEPMPSEFVOMBSHPWJBKFEPOEFMPTNJHSBOUFTFOGSFOUBO
FO MFT
$BMJGPSOJB-BSFTQVFTUBEFMPTHPCJFSOPTEF&M4BMWBEPS
DBEB LJMNFUSP FM SJFTHP EF TFDVFTUSPT
BDDJEFOUFT
BTBMUPT
)POEVSBTZ(VBUFNBMBGVFVOBQPMUJDBEFNBOPEVSBRVF
FYUPSTJPOFT
HPMQFT
FOGFSNFEBEFT
BCVTPT TFYVBMFT
DBMPS
EFWJOPFOSFQSFTJOBMPTKWFOFT
GSP
TPMFEBE &MIVSBDOBDBCDPOMBTQPRVJUBTTFBMFTEFFTQFSBO[BFO
*OGPSNFTEFMB$PNJTJO/BDJPOBMEF%FSFDIPT)VNBOPT MBSFHJO$FSDBEBTQPSMBWJPMFODJB
EFTIFDIBMBQPTJCJMJEBE
JOEJDBORVFBOVBMNFOUFTFDPNFUFOVOPTNJMTFDVFTUSPTFO EFFODPOUSBSFNQMFP
DJFOUPTEFNJMFTEFQFSTPOBTFNQSFO
MBSVUBNJHSBUPSJBRVFDSV[B.YJDP-BDBOUJEBEQPESBTFS EJFSPODBNJOPBMOPSUF
NBZPS
QVFTMBNBZPSBEFMPTDBTPTOPTFEFOVODJBO "-B1BUSPOBFNQF[BSPOBMMFHBSUSFOFTDPO
QFSTP
-BT DJGSBT EBO JHVBM B MBT NJM QFSTPOBT RVF PDJBM OBTFOMPTWBHPOFT
MVFHPPUSPTDPOZVOEBBQBSFDJFSPO
NFOUFJOHSFTBOTJOEPDVNFOUPTNJHSBUPSJPTDBEBBPBMQBT DPOWPZFTDPODJFOUPT1SPOUPEFKBSPOEFTFSMBFYDFQDJO
4MP TBCFO RVF TV DBNJOP TFS QFMJHSPTP 2VF BM DSV[BS MB .VDIPT EF MPT QBTBKFSPT EF -B #FTUJB OVODB IBCBO TB
GSPOUFSBEF.YJDPFNQSFOEFOMBSVUBEFMBNVFSUF MJEP EF TVT DPNVOJEBEFT
PUSPT UFOBO BMHVOB FYQFSJFODJB
FOQBTFTWFDJOPT1FSPUPEPTTPOQBSUFEFMNJTNPFOUPSOP
$PNQBSUFONPEJTNPTEFMFOHVBKF
DPNJEB
DPTUVNCSFT
- 4BMWBEPSFPT
HVBUFNBMUFDPTZIPOEVSFPTTPODJVEBEBOPT
EFMBNJTNBSFHJO1FSPBMQJTBSUFSSJUPSJPNFYJDBOPTFDPO
-B1BUSPOBTJFNQSFIBWJTUPQBTBSFMUSFO WJFSUFOFOFYUSBOKFSPTWVMOFSBCMFTBUPEPTMPTBCVTPT
-PT NT WJFKPT SFDVFSEBO MPT MBSHPT DPOWPZFT DBSHBEPT
DPOB[DBS
DPNCVTUJCMF
HSBOPTPDFNFOUP
RVFTFBMUFSOB
CBODPOPUSPTNTDPSUPT
EFQBTBKFSPT
56 57
" 1SFQBSBSBSSP[ZGSJKPMFTFTTMPMBQSJNFSBQBSUFEFMTFS
WJDJP/PSNBZPUSBT1BUSPOBTUBNCJOMBWBOMPTFOWBTFTFO
&MBSSP[TFDPDJOBFOVOBFOPSNFDBDFSPMBEFDBTJVONF VOBQJMFUB
MPTMMFOBODPOBHVBZMPTBNBSSBOFOQBSFTDPO
USPEFEJNFUSPTPCSFEPTMBESJMMPTRVFSFTHVBSEBOVOGVFHP VOUSP[PEFIJMP
FODFOEJEPDPOUSP[PTEFNBEFSB-PTGSJKPMFTTFDVFDFOJHVBM
$VBOEPMMFHBFMQBO
ZBWFDFTBMHVOPTLJMPTEFUPSUJMMBRVF
TMPRVFEFOUSPEFVOBPMMBEFMJUSPTTPCSFPUSBGPHBUB MFTSFHBMBO
MBTNVKFSFTTFSFOFOQBSBMMFOBSMBTCPMTBTDPO
%FTEFIBDFNTEFVOBEDBEB-BT1BUSPOBTQSFQBSBOBT DPNJEB:MVFHPBHVBSEBOBRVFQBTFFMQSJNFSUSFO
MBDPNJEBRVFPGSFDFOBMPTNJHSBOUFT &OMBFTQFSB%BOJFMBDVFOUBRVFTVIJKPFTUBQVOUPEF
&O FM TPMBS EF MB DBTB GBNJMJBS
B VOPT NFUSPT EF MBT UFSNJOBSFMDVSTPFTDPMBSRVFOPGVFUBOTFODJMMPQPSMBBDUJ
WBTEFMUSFO
MBTNVKFSFTMMFHBOUPEPTMPTEBTNVZUFNQSBOP UVEEFMBNBFTUSB-VFHPIBCMBOTPCSFVOOFHPDJPQBSBBSSF
B DPDJOBS
MBWBS CPUFMMBT VTBEBT EF QFU QBSB SFMMFOBSMBT DPO HMBSFMDBCFMMPRVFTFBCSJFO$SEPCB
BHVB
DPSUBSUSP[PTEFQBORVFNFUFOFOCPMTBTEFQMTUJDP 1BSFDF VOB SFVOJO DPNO EF NVKFSFT FO BMHO CBSSJP
"MHVOBTCVTDBOFOVOBUJFOEBEFQBSUBNFOUBMEF$SEPCB NFYJDBOP
FMQBORVFOPMPHSBWFOEFSTF
NJFOUSBTRVFPUSBTSFDPSSFOMBT -BT1BUSPOBT
RVFIBOTBMWBEPNVDIBTWJEBTDPOTVTHVJ
FTDVFMBTEFMB[POBQBSBSFDPHFSMBTCPUFMMBTVTBEBTRVFMFT TPTZBRVJFOFTNVDIPTFO.YJDPZFOFMNVOEPDPOTJEF
SFDPMFDUBONBFTUSPTZBMVNOPT SBOIFSPOBT
TPONVKFSFTTFODJMMBTRVFEFTUJOBOQBSUFEFTV
: BT UPEPT MPT EBT &M BSSP[ Z MPT GSJKPMFT TF FNQJF[BO UJFNQPQBSBBZVEBSBPUSPT
B QSFQBSBS B MBT EF MB NBBOB NJFOUSBT VOB EF FMMBT 4VTSFDVSTPTTPOUBOMJNJUBEPTDPNPMPTEFNJMMPOFTEF
FODJFOEFFMGVFHP
EPTNTMJNQJBOLJMPTEFBSSP[Z NFYJDBOPT-BEJGFSFODJBFTRVFFMMBTMPTDPNQBSUFODPOEFT
EFGSJKPM DPOPDJEPT
&TUBWF[MBFODBSHBEBEFDPDJOBSFT%BOJFMB3PNFSP
TP 6OHFTUPEFTPMJEBSJEBEZGF
EJDF/PSNB
QVFTHSBDJBTB
CSJOB EF /PSNB Z VOB EF MBT NT KWFOFT EFM HSVQP $PO %JPTDVNQMFOBEJBSJPDPOTVTFSWJDJP
QBDJFODJB FTQFSB B RVF FM GVFHP TFB UBO JOUFOTP RVF OP TF i$BEBWF[RVFFOUSFHPDPNJEBTJFOUPNVDIBBMFHSBFOFM
BQBHVF BM DPMPDBS MB DBDFSPMB -VFHP DBMJFOUB EPT MJUSPT EF DPSB[Ow
EJDF%BOJFMB3PNFSPi&TVOBTBUJTGBDDJOHSBO
BDFJUFZTVFMUBFMBSSP[ EFRVFBMHVJFOQPESDPNFSBVORVFTFBVOQPRVJUPFOFTF
&TMBQBSUFGDJM
DVFOUB-PNTDPNQMJDBEPFTNPWFSZ USFOw
NPWFSFMHSBOPDPOVOBQBMBEFNBEFSB
ZEFTQVTDBMDVMBS {1FSPFTTMPMBNBOPEF%JPTMBRVFFOUSFHBCPMTJUBTEF
MBDBOUJEBEOFDFTBSJBEFBHVBZTBMQBSBRVFMBDPNJEBUFOHB DPNJEB Z CPUFMMBT EF BHVB FO MPT USFOFT $JFSUBNFOUF OP
VOCVFOTBCPSQPSRVF
DPNPEJDF/PSNB
iMPTNVDIBDIPT QPSRVF EVSBOUF EDBEBT -BT 1BUSPOBT IBO FOGSFOUBEP QSP
EFCFODPNFSDPNPDVBMRVJFSBEFOPTPUSBTw CMFNBTNVZUFSSFOBMFT
58 59
&OMBEDBEBEFMPT
QPSFKFNQMP
MB-FZ(FOFSBMEF1P DPNJEBFOMBTWBT
MPTWFDJOPTEFMCBSSJPMFTEFDBOiMBTMPDBT
CMBDJOEF.YJDPQSPIJCBBZVEBSBMBTQFSTPOBTJOEPDV RVFBOEBODPSSJFOEPBUSTEFMUSFOw
NFOUBEBT-BMFHJTMBDJO
FTDSJUBFOGPSNBNVZ HFOFSBM
%FMBCVSMBQBTBSPOBMSFDMBNP7BSJBTWFDFTMPTWFDJOPT
QFSNJUBBMPTBHFOUFTEFM*OTUJUVUP/BDJPOBMEF.JHSBDJO EFOVODJBSPOBMPTNJHSBOUFTBOUFMBQPMJDB
ZSFDJFOUFNFOUF
*/.
EFDJEJSDVOEPVOHFTUPEFTPMJEBSJEBEFSBPOPVO FYJHFORVFMBT1BUSPOBTDPMPRVFOCPUFTEFCBTVSBFOMBTWBT
EFMJUP QBSBEFQPTJUBSMPTEFTFDIPTRVFEFKBOMPTIBNCSJFOUPTRVFQB
-PTBCVTPTFSBODPUJEJBOPTi-PTEF.JHSBDJOSFDMBNBCBO TBOFOMPTUSFOFT
RVF FOUSFHCBNPT DPNJEBw
SFDVFSEB /PSNB i0USBT WFDFT 1FSPMPTWFDJOPTTPOFMNFOPSEFTVTQSPCMFNBT)BTUBBIP
MMFHBCBOMBTQBUSVMMBTBMMFWBSTFBMPTNVDIBDIPTEFMBTWBT
Z SB
MBTNVKFSFTIBOFTDBQBEPEFMBDFDIPEFCBOEBTEFUSBUBOUFT
OPTPUSBTTBMBNPTDPSSJFOEPQBSBRVFOPMPTHPMQFBSBOw EFQFSTPOBTRVFPQFSBOFO7FSBDSV[
&O TF NPEJD MB MFZ %FTEF FOUPODFT
FO UFPSB
&TPT iDPNQBFSPTw
DPNP MFT MMBNB /PSNB
OP TF IBO
FOUSBS B .YJDP TJO EPDVNFOUPT NJHSBUPSJPT OP FT EFMJUP BQBSFDJEP FO FM CBSSJP 1FSP FTUO DFSDB
Z QBSB DVJEBSTF
1FSPMBTMFUSBTFOFMQBQFMOPDBNCJBSPOMBQFSTFDVDJOBMPT MBT 1BUSPOBT BQMJDBO VOB FTUSBUFHJB CTJDB EF TFHVSJEBE TF
DFOUSPBNFSJDBOPT DPNVOJDBOQFSNBOFOUFNFOUFDPOBDUJWJTUBTEFEFSFDIPTIV
NBOPT
FWJUBO IBCMBS EFM UFNB BOUF MPT QFSJPEJTUBT Z TPCSF
UPEPDPOGBOFOFMJOTUJOUP
& "MPMBSHPEFMPTBPTBQSFOEJFSPOBSFDPOPDFSMBTTFBMFTEF
QFMJHSP6OBWF[
QPSFKFNQMP
MMFHBTVDBTBVOBIPOEVSFB
(VBEBMVQF(PO[MF[)FSSFSBBQFOBTDPOUJFOFMBTMHSJNBT RVFEFDBIBCFSTJEPBTBMUBEBFOVOUSFO1FSPBEJGFSFODJBEF
DVBOEPIBCMBEFTVGBNJMJB PUSBT QFSTPOBT JOEPDVNFOUBEBT
FMMB WFTUB SPQB MJNQJB
DBM
&TVOUFNBEJGDJM"ZVEBSBMPTNJHSBOUFTFTVOBUBSFB [BCB[BQBUJMMBTOVFWBTZUSBBVOCPMTPEFNBOPi: FTP OP
RVFB-BT1BUSPOBTMFTEFKBSFDPOPDJNJFOUPJOUFSOBDJPOBM
DVBESBCBDPOMPTNJHSBOUFTw
DVFOUB/PSNB-BNVDIBDIB
CFOEJDJPOFT EF NJHSBOUFT Z IBMBHPT EF PSHBOJ[BDJPOFT DJ TMPQBTVOBOPDIFDPOMBT1BUSPOBT
WJMFT {&TTVDJFOUFFMPMGBUPQBSBFTDBQBSEFMQFMJHSP /P
SFTQPOEF
1FSP FO FM IPHBS EF MBT NVKFSFT
FM TFSWJDJP UBNCJO +VMJB3BNSF[-BNBZPSQSPUFDDJOFTMBDPOBO[B
EJDF
HFOFSBQSPCMFNBT-PTNBSJEPTEFBMHVOBTOPFOUJFOEFOQPS iRVFTJIBDFTCJFOOPUFQVFEFJSNBMw
RVTVTDPNQBFSBTEFEJDBOUBOUPUJFNQPBBUFOEFSBEFTDP 6OBDPOBO[BRVFQBSFDFGVODJPOBSFOMBHVFSSBDPOUSB
OPDJEPT
RVFQBSBDPMNP
EJDFO
TPOFYUSBOKFSPT FMOBSDPUSDPRVFWJWF.YJDPEFTEFOFTEF
EPO
*ODPNQSFOTJO&TVOPEFMPTNBZPSFTQSPCMFNBTEFMBT EFMPTNJHSBOUFTZRVJFOFTMFTBZVEBOTPOMPTNTWVMOF
1BUSPOBT"TIBTJEPTJFNQSF$VBOEPFNQF[BSPOBSFQBSUJS SBCMFT
60 61
-BDPOBO[BFOTVTFSWJDJPMFTIBMJCSBEPEFQFMJHSPT/PS %F BI TV OPNCSF -B .JHSB IB SFTVMUBEP NT FGFDUJWB
NBSFDVFSEBRVFVOBWF[CBKEFMUSFOVOKPWFOTJMFODJPTP
RVF MBT NFEJEBT DBVUFMBSFT RVF FM HPCJFSOP EF $PBIVJMB TF
EFBTQFDUPEVSPZIPTUJMRVFBQFTBSEFMDBMPSTFBCPUPOBCBMB DPNQSPNFUJBCSJOEBSEFTQVTEFVOSPCPEFDPNQVUBEPSBT
DBNJTBIBTUBFMDVFMMP ZEPDVNFOUPTRVFTVGSJFMBMCFSHVFFO
3FTVMUTFSVOFYQBOEJMMFSPNBSBRVFIVBEFVOBTFOUFO 1PSFTPTEBTFMBMCFSHVFTVGSBVOJOUFOTPIPTUJHBNJFOUP
DJBEFNVFSUFFO)POEVSBT$POMBDBNJTBEFNBOHBMBSHB EFCBOEBTEFUSBDBOUFTEFQFSTPOBT
ZFMSPCPGVFVOBTFBM
TFDVCSBMPTUBUVBKFTQBSBFWJUBSRVFTVTDPNQBFSPTEFWJBKF EFMQFMJHSPJONJOFOUF
MPBSSPKBSBOBMBTWBT -B $PNJTJO *OUFSBNFSJDBOB EF %FSFDIPT )VNBOPT
&TUBCBTPMP1PSDPNQMFUP$VBOEP/PSNBIBCMDPOM $*%)
FYJHJNFEJEBTDBVUFMBSFTBMHPCJFSOPNFYJDBOPQBSB
iTFQVTPBMMPSBS%FDBNBESFDJUB
ZPOPRVFSBIBDFSFTBT QSPUFHFSFMBMCFSHVFZFTQFDJBMNFOUFBMTBDFSEPUFKFTVJUB1F
DPTBT
QFSPOPUVWFEFPUSBw ESP1BOUPKB"SFMMBOP
DPGVOEBEPSEFMBQPTBEB
6OJOWPMVOUBSJPHFTUPEFUSJTUF[BBQBSFDFFOMBDBSBSFEPO &MHPCJFSOPEF$PBIVJMBFOWJFOUPODFTVOBVOJEBEQPMJ
EBZQFDPTBEFMBNVKFSi.FEJDVFOUBRVFVOBQFSTPOBRVF DJBDBQBSBWJHJMBSFMBMCFSHVF
EFOUSPEFVOBDPMPOJBQPQVMBS
QBSFDFUBONBMB
RVFBMPNFKPSIJ[PBMHPIPSSJCMF
FTDPNP BMOPSUFEF4BMUJMMP-PTQSJNFSPTEBTMPTQPMJDBTDVNQMJFSPO
OPTPUSPTw DPOTVUBSFB
QFSPBMQBTPEFMUJFNQPFMWFIDVMPFNQF[B
BVTFOUBSTFZBIPSBBQBSFDFTMPFTQPSEJDBNFOUF1PSFTP-B
.JHSBZTVEFTDPOBO[BTFWPMWJFSPOGVOEBNFOUBMFTQBSB
/$ MBTFHVSJEBEEFMPTNJHSBOUFT
-BIJTUPSJBJMVTUSBMBWJEBDPUJEJBOBFO#FMO1PTBEBEFM
4FMMBNB-B.JHSB&TVOBQFSSBDPMPSNJFM
EFSB[BJOEFOJ .JHSBOUF
VOPEFMPTBMCFSHVFTNTHSBOEFTEFMQBTZ
QBSB
EBRVFDBTJUPEPFMEBEVFSNFFOFMQBUJPEFMBMCFSHVF#FMO NVDIPT
MBMUJNBFTQFSBO[BQBSBTPCSFWJWJSBMBSVUBEFMB
1PTBEBEFM.JHSBOUFFO4BMUJMMP
$PBIVJMB NVFSUF
-BQFSSBSFDJCFDPOJOEJGFSFODJBMBTDBSJDJBTEFMBTQFSTPOBT -BQPTBEBGPSNBQBSUFEFVOBSFEEFDBTBTEFNJHSBOUFT
JOEPDVNFOUBEBT
Z TMP QBSFDF NPWFSTF QBSB CVTDBS BHVB
BQPZBEBTQPSMB*HMFTJB$BUMJDB(SBDJBTBMUSBCBKPEFTBDFS
DPNJEBPFTDBQBSEFMTPM EPUFT
SFMJHJPTBTZWPMVOUBSJPTMBJDPTIBTJEPQPTJCMFDPOPDFS
4VUSBORVJMJEBEFTFOHBPTB
DVFOUB+VBO+PT
VOPEFMPT FMJOFSOPRVFQBEFDFOMBTQFSTPOBTJOEPDVNFOUBEBT
FTQF
WPMVOUBSJPTEFMBMCFSHVF DJBMNFOUFDFOUSPBNFSJDBOBT
RVFDSV[BO.YJDP
i$VBOEPBMHVJFOMMFHBDPONBMBTJOUFODJPOFTPVOEFMJO -PTBMCFSHVFTTPOQFEBDJUPTEFFTQFSBO[BFOVOBSVUBEFNJ
DVFOUFRVJFSFFOUSBSBMBMCFSHVFFNQJF[BBHSVJSZMBESBSw
MFTEFLJMNFUSPTRVFJOJDJBFOFMTVSFTUF
ZRVFQBSBMPTTPCSF
EJDFi-PTIVFMFBOUFTRVFOPTPUSPTw WJWJFOUFTDPODMVZFFOBMHVOBDJVEBEWFDJOBB&TUBEPT6OJEPT
62 63
&T VO WJBKF RVF JOJDJB FO MB GSPOUFSB FOUSF (VBUFNBMB Z 0MHBTBCFEFMEPMPS$VBOEPFSBQFRVFBQFSEJBMHV
.YJDP
FTQFDJBMNFOUFFO5FDO6NO
QVFCMPEFVOPT OPTEFEPT
ZEFTEFMBBEPMFTDFODJBVOBGVFSUFBGFDUBDJO
NJMIBCJUBOUFT
EPOEFMBTQFSTPOBTJOEPDVNFOUBEBTFTQFSBO EFM FTUNBHP IJ[P EFM TVGSJNJFOUP VO DPNQBFSP DPUJ
MBPQPSUVOJEBEEFDSV[BSFM3P4VDIJBUF
RVFTFQBSBBNCPT EJBOP
QBTFT "VOPTLJMNFUSPTBMOPSUFEF5BQBDIVMB
FOFMNV
5FDO6NOFTUMMFOPEFDBMMFTUFSSFHPTBTDPOEFDFOBT OJDJQJPEF"SSJBHB
$IJBQBT
FNQJF[BFMDBNJOPEF-B#FT
EFQSPTUCVMPT
DFOUSPTEFFTDMBWJUVETFYVBM
EPOEFNVDIBT UJB&YJTUFOWBSJPTSFUFOFTNJMJUBSFTZEFM*OTUJUVUP/BDJPOBM
WDUJNBTTPOOJBT
BEPMFTDFOUFTZNVKFSFTNJHSBOUFTBUSBQB EF.JHSBDJO
ZQBSBMJCSBSMPT
MBTQFSTPOBTJOEPDVNFOUBEBT
EBTFOTVWJBKFBMOPSUF TVFMFODBNJOBSQPSCSFDIBTEPOEFGSFDVFOUFNFOUFTPOBTBM
"RVOBDJFOMB$BTBEFM.JHSBOUFEFMBPSEFODBUMJ UBEBT
DBTDBMBCSJOJBOB
RVFEJSJHFFMTBDFSEPUF'MPS.BSB3JHPOJ
Z $PUJEJBOBTIJTUPSJBTEFNJFEPRVFTFFTDVDIBOFOFMBMCFS
DBTJFOMBNJTNBGFDIBTFDSFMB$BTBEFMB.VKFS
BDBSHPEF HVF$BTBEFM.JHSBOUF)PHBSEFMB.JTFSJDPSEJBEF"SSJBHB
MBT.JTJPOFSBT0CMBUBTEFM4BOUTJNP3FEFOUPS
VOHSVQP EJSJHJEPQPSFMTBDFSEPUF)FZNBO7[RVF[
RVJFOFO
EFSFMJHJPTBTRVFSFTDBUBOWDUJNBTEFMBFTDMBWJUVETFYVBM GVFEFUFOJEPEVSBOUFIPSBTQPSNJMJUBSFTBRVJFOFTTPS
6OPTLJMNFUSPTBMOPSUF
FOUFSSJUPSJPNFYJDBOP
FMUSFO QSFOEJJOUFSSPHBOEPNJHSBOUFT
TJOUFOFSBVUPSJEBEQBSBIB
TPMBEFUFOFSTFFO5BQBDIVMB
$IJBQBT
VOBDBMVSPTBDJVEBE DFSMP
RVFEVSBOUFNTEFVOTJHMPGVFFMQSJODJQBMDFOUSPEFDP -B TJHVJFOUF FTUBDJO EFM GFSSPDBSSJM FT *YUFQFD
0BYBDB
NFSDJPEFDBGFOFMQBT EPOEFFYJTUFVOPEFMPTSFGVHJPTNTDPOPDJEPTFOFMDBNJOP
'VF UBNCJO MB FTUBDJO EF EPOEF QBSUB FM GFSSPDBSSJM
EF-B#FTUJB
)FSNBOPTFOFM$BNJOP
GVOEBEPFOQPS
QFSPEFTEF
USBTFMIVSBDO4UBORVFEFWBTUQBSUFEF FMTBDFSEPUF"MFKBOESP4PMBMJOEF
MBTWBT
FMTFSWJDJPFTUTVTQFOEJEP&TQBSUFEFMBSVUBNJHSB &MSFMJHJPTPWJWFBNFOB[BEPEFNVFSUFQPSTVUSBCBKPFO
UPSJBBMOPSUFZUBNCJOMBQVFSUBEFTBMJEBQBSBRVJFOFTTPO EFGFOTBEFMPTNJHSBOUFT
BUBMQVOUPRVFIBUFOJEPRVFTBMJS
EFQPSUBEPTPTFWFOPCMJHBEPTBWPMWFSQPSTVGSJSVOBDDJEFOUF EFMQBTQBSBTBMWBSTVWJEB
1PS FTP FO 5BQBDIVMB FYJTUF FM SFGVHJP NT TJOHVMBS EF )BTUBBIPSBMBTBVUPSJEBEFTOPIBOJEFOUJDBEPBMPTBV
"NSJDB -BUJOB FM BMCFSHVF +FTT FM #VFO 1BTUPS RVF GVO UPSFTEFMBTBNFOB[BT
BVORVFFMTBDFSEPUFBDVTBBMFYHPCFS
E0MHB4ODIF[
MBOJDBQFSTPOBFO.YJDPEFEJDBEBQPS OBEPS EF 0BYBDB
6MJTFT 3VJ[
Z B USBDBOUFT EF QFSTPOBT
DPNQMFUPBDVJEBSMPTDVFSQPTNVUJMBEPTQPS-B#FTUJB WJODVMBEPTBMDSUFMEF-PT;FUBT
VOPEFMPTNTQFMJHSPTPT
&OMPTQBUJPTZIBCJUBDJPOFTEFMBDBTBEFTDBOTBOOJPT
EF.YJDPZ$FOUSPBNSJDB
BEPMFTDFOUFT
NVKFSFTZIPNCSFTRVFQFSEJFSPOBMHOCSB[P
%F*YUFQFDFMUSFOTJHVFTVSVUBIBDJB7FSBDSV[
EPOEFMPT
QJFSOBPNBOPFOTVDBNJOP QBTBKFSPTEF-B#FTUJBFTUOMJUFSBMNFOUFBMBJOUFNQFSJF
64 65
)BDFVOPTBPTGVODJPOBCBOBMCFSHVFTFO5JFSSB#MBODB DJOPBMBDBQJUBMEFMQBT
EPOEFIBTUBIBDFQPDPGVODJP
Z 0SJ[BCB
EPT QPCMBDJPOFT EPOEF TF EFUJFOF FM GFSSPDBSSJM
OBCBFMOJDPBMCFSHVFQBSBNJHSBOUFTFOFMDFOUSPEFMB
QFSPQSPUFTUBTEFWFDJOPTJODJUBEPTQPSUSBDBOUFTEFQFS 3FQCMJDB
TPOBTPCMJHBSPOTVDJFSSF &M TBDFSEPUF )VHP 3BVEFM .POUPZB QFSEJ VOB CBUBMMB
&O FTB SFHJO EFM TVSFTUF NFYJDBOP FM OJDP SFGVHJP FT EFWBSJPTBPTDPOUSBWFDJOPTZQPMJDBTNVOJDJQBMFTRVFTF
FMBMCFSHVF-BEF5FOPTJRVF
5BCBTDP4VEJSFDUPS
'SBZ PQPOBOBDPNQBSUJSTVFTQBDJPDPOJOEPDVNFOUBEPT
5PNT(PO[MF[
WBSJBTWFDFTIBTJEPBNFOB[BEPEFNVFSUF -B%JDFTJTEF$VBVUJUMOQSPNFUJSFBCSJSFMBMCFSHVFFO
&OTVDBNJOPBMOPSUFFMUSFOTFFODVFOUSBDPO-BT1BUSP FMNVOJDJQJPDPOUJHVPEF)VFIVFUPDB1FSPFMQSPZFDUPFTU
OBTZTVTCPMTJUBTEFDPNJEBZBHVB
ZTJHVFVOMBSHPUSBZFDUP FOFMBJSFQPSRVFBMMUBNCJOIBZPQPTJDJOBUFOFSBFYUSBO
EPOEFQSDUJDBNFOUFOBEJFQSPUFHFBTVDBSHBNFOUPIVNB KFSPTDPNPWFDJOPT
OP %FTEFFM&TUBEPEF.YJDPMBTJHVJFOUFQBSBEBEFMUSFOFT
&O"QJ[BDP
5MBYDBMB
FMGFSSPDBSSJMIBDFVOBQBSBEBRVF 4BMUJMMP
$PBIVJMB
VOMBSHPUSFDIPEFDBTJNFEJPQBTEPOEF
BQSPWFDIBOCBOEBTEFQMBHJBSJPTZUSBUBOUFTEFQFSTPOBTQBSB MPTQBTBKFSPTEF-B#FTUJBTVFMFOFODPOUSBSTPSQSFTBTFYUPS
DB[BSBTVTQSFTBT TJOEFQPMJDBTMPDBMFTFO2VFSUBSP
BHSFTJOEFWFDJOPTFO
"QFOBTFMDPOWPZTFEFUJFOFEFDFOBTEFEFMJODVFOUFT
QSP (VBOBKVBUP
BUBRVFT EF HVBSEJBT QSJWBEPT EFM USFO FO 4BO
UFHJEPTQPS-PT;FUBTZBVUPSJEBEFTMPDBMFT
BUSBQBOIPNCSFT -VJT1PUPT
OVFWPTTFDVFTUSPT
ZNVKFSFTZMPTFODJFSSBOFODBTBTEFTFHVSJEBE
DBTJTJFNQSF $VBOEP MMFHBO B MB 1PTBEB #FMO EFM TBDFSEPUF 1BOUPKB
BVOPTQBTPTEFMBWBGSSFB ZB MMFWBO TFNBOBT Z NJMFT EF LJMNFUSPT EF SFDPSSJEP -PT
-PTIPNCSFTTPOPCMJHBEPTBFOUSFHBSVOONFSPUFMFG [BQBUPTSPUPT
MBSPQBTVDJBPMPTNPSFUPOFTFOMBTQJFSOBTTPO
OJDPEFTVTGBNJMJBSFTFO&TUBEPT6OJEPTP$FOUSPBNSJDB
NVFTUSBTEFFTFMBSHPWJBKF
BMRVFMMBNBOMPTTFDVFTUSBEPSFTQBSBFYJHJSSFTDBUF 1FSPTPCSFWJWJSBNFEJP.YJDPOPTMPTFOPUBFOFMDVFS
$POMBTNVKFSFTFTEJTUJOUP-PTUSBUBOUFTFMJHFOBRVJFOFT QP&MJOFSOPEF-B#FTUJBFTUEFOUSP
FOFMBMNBSPUBEF
OVUSFO TVT SFEFT EF FTDMBWJUVE TFYVBM PUSBT TPO BMRVJMBEBT NVDIPTNJHSBOUFT
DPNPFNQMFBEBTEPNTUJDBTZFMSFTUPQBHBVOSFTDBUFQPS
TVMJCFSBDJO
&TVOBJOEVTUSJBBFKB5MBYDBMBFT
TFHOPSHBOJ[BDJPOFT $
NFYJDBOBT F JOUFSOBDJPOBMFT
FM NBZPS DFOUSP EF BDPQJP EF
FTDMBWBTFO"NSJDB-BUJOB &MTBDFSEPUF1FESP1BOUPKBDPOPDJFMQVSHBUPSJPEFMBNJHSB
2VJFOFT TPCSFWJWFO B "QJ[BDP MMFHBO B MB DPMPOJB -F DJOFO
DVBOEPWJWJUSFTNFTFTFOVODBNQPBHSDPMB
DIFSB
FO5VMUJUMO
&TUBEPEF.YJDP
VONVOJDJQJPWF EF$BMJGPSOJB
66 67
.JMFTEFDBNQFTJOPTNFYJDBOPTUSBCBKBCBOCBKPFMTPMJN MPTNJHSBOUFTTJOPDSFBSDPOEJDJPOFTQBSBRVFMBWJEBGVFSB
QMBDBCMF EFM MMBNBEP 7BMMF EF MB .VFSUF
TJO BQFOBT CFCFS FRVJMJCSBEBZKVTUB
BHVB
DPODPNJEBFTDBTBZQSFTPTDPUJEJBOPTEFMBJOTBMVCSJ TBGVFiMBCBTFEFUPEPFMUSBCBKPNJHSBUPSJPw
SFDVFSEB
EBEZFOGFSNFEBEFT FMTBDFSEPUF
1PSFTPTEBTFMNUJDP$TBS$IWF[
BDUJWJTUBTPDJBMZEF 6OB TFNJMMB EF KVTUJDJB FO VOB [POB EPOEF MB NJTFSJB
GFOTPSEFEFSFDIPTEFMBTNJOPSBT
JOJDJBCBVOBSFWPMVDJOFO BCVTPTMBCPSBMFTZWJPMFODJBTPODPNVOFT
QFSPRVFTFWPMWJ
MPTDBNQPTEFIPSUBMJ[BTZGSVUBTFOFMPFTUFEF&TUBEPT6OJEPT QFPSBQBSUJSEF
DVBOEPMMFHFMYPEPEFDFOUSPBNFSJ
1BOUPKB DPNQBSUJ VO NFT FTB CBUBMMB RVF DBNCJ QBSB DBOPTRVFIVBOEFMBEFWBTUBDJOFOTVUJFSSB
TJFNQSFMBWJEBEFMPTKPSOBMFSPTZPUSPTUSBCBKBEPSFT
MBCBTF &OFMDBVDFEFFTFSPIVNBOPFTU$PBIVJMB4VDBQJUBM
EFMBFDPOPNBFTUBEPVOJEFOTF 4BMUJMMP
EPOEF FM USFO TVFMF EFUFOFSTF
TF DPOWJSUJ FO VOB
4VQPFOUPODFTRVFMPTNJHSBOUFTTFSBOGVOEBNFOUBMFTFO OVFWB FTUBDJO NJHSBUPSJB i6OB SVUB NBMEJUB
TVNBNFOUF
TVNJTJOTBDFSEPUBM
QFSPIBTUBUVWPPQPSUVOJEBEEF EPMPSPTBw
MBNFOUB1BOUPKB
ZRVFBMQBTPEFMPTBPTTFIB
DPODSFUBSMB &TF BP MB FNQSFTB "MUPT )PSOPT EF .YJDP
WVFMUPQFPS
VOBEFMBTNBZPSFTDPNQBBTBDFSFSBTEFMQBT
TFGVFBQJ "MQSJODJQJPMPTHVBSEJBTEFMPTUSFOFT
UPEPTNJFNCSPTEF
RVF Z EFK B NJMFT EF USBCBKBEPSFT EFTFNQMFBEPT .VDIPT FNQSFTBT QSJWBEBT EF TFHVSJEBE
BSSPKBCBO B MPT QPMJ[POUFT
JOUFOUBSPOWJBKBSB&TUBEPT6OJEPTQBSBFTDBQBSEFMBDSJTJT
EFTEFFMUFDIPEFMPTWBHPOFT
FMDPOWPZBOFONPWJNJFOUP
QFSP TF FODPOUSBSPO DPO RVF FM QSFTJEFOUF EFNDSBUB 8J $PNP OP MPHSBSPO EFUFOFS FM VKP EFDJEJFSPO BUBDBS &O
MMJBN$MJOUPOFNQF[BCBBDFSSBSMBQVFSUBEFTVQBT BTFTJOBSPOBMPTBEPMFTDFOUFTIPOEVSFPT%FMNFS"MFYBO
$PO MB PQFSBDJO 3P (SBOEF QSJNFSP
FO 5FYBT
Z MB EFS1BDIFDPZ%BWJE
EFBQFMMJEPEFTDPOPDJEP6OBPEFTQVT
0QFSBDJO (VBSEJO EFTQVT
FO $BMJGPSOJB
FM HPCJFSOP NBUBSPOBQFESBEBTBMIPOEVSFP*TNBFMEFMB$SV[
FTUBEPVOJEFOTFDPOTUSVZVOBCBSSFSBGTJDBZWJSUVBMFOTV 1BSBFMKFTVJUBTFGVFFMQBSUFBHVBTFOTVNJTJO4VQP
GSPOUFSBTVS
RVFEFTEFFOUPODFTIBFNQVKBEPBMSPNJHSBUP FOUPODFT RVF FM DBNJOP QBSB MPT NJHSBOUFT TFSB BO NT
SJPQPSDBNJOPTDBEBWF[NTQFMJHSPTPT EJGDJM
&TFMPTEFTQFEJEPTEFMBTNJOFSBTGVFSPOMBTQSJNFSBT
WDUJNBT.JMFTTFRVFEBSPOFOMBGSPOUFSBTJOEJOFSP
DPNJEB
PSFGVHJP1BOUPKBFTUBCBFO&BHMF1BTT
5FYBT
ZSQJEBNFOUF (
DPOTJHVJQFSNJTPQBSBJOTUBMBSFO$JVEBE"DVB
$PBIVJMB
VOBMCFSHVFQBSBMPTWBSBEPT .JHSBDJOTJOQBQFMFTZWJPMFODJBTPOVOBWJFKBNF[DMB
QFSP
-B DBTB GVF FM DJNJFOUP EFM QSPZFDUP 'SPOUFSB Z %JHOJ FOFMDBTPEF.YJDPIBMMFHBEPBOJWFMFTFYUSFNPT&MQBT
EBE
VOB JOJDJBUJWB TPDJBM RVF QSFUFOEB OP TMP BVYJMJBS B BTFHVSB+PSHF#VTUBNBOUF
FYSFMBUPSFTQFDJBMTPCSFMPTEFSF
68 69
DIPTEFMBTQFSTPOBTNJHSBOUFTEFMB0/6
FTiFMDBNQFO i4BCBNPTRVFQBSBJOUFSQSFUBS
DPNQSFOEFSFMDBNJOPEF
NVOEJBMwFOBCVTPT MBNJHSBDJO
OPCBTUBCBVOBDBTB5FOBNPTVOBWJTJONVZ
:BMPQSFTFOUBOFOMB%JDFTJTEF4BMUJMMP
RVFDPODFOUS BNQMJBEFRVFMBNJHSBDJOUJFOFNVDIBTWFSUJFOUFTw
DVFOUB
TVUSBCBKPDPONJHSBOUFTOPFOMBGSPOUFSB
TJOPFOMBDBQJUBM NJFOUSBTPCTFSWBEFSFPKPMBTQBOUBMMBTEFUFMFWJTJO
EF$PBIVJMB &M UJFNQP
Z MB HVFSSB DPOUSB FM OBSDPUSDP
MF EJFSPO
&OTVPDJOB
GSFOUFBVOBTFSJFEFQBOUBMMBTEFUFMFWJTJODPO MBSB[O
MPTRVFNPOJUPSFBOMBBDUJWJEBEEFMBQPTBEB
1FESP1BOUPKBSF
DVFSEBMPTQSJNFSPTEBTi7JNPTRVFFSBVSHFOUFFTUBCMFDFSVO
BMCFSHVF
ZBOPUBOUPQBSBRVFMPTNJHSBOUFTDPNBO
EVFSNBO
-
EFTDBOTFO
TJOPQBSBRVFOPMPTNBUBSBOw
SFDVFSEB
/PGVFVOQSPDFTPGDJM-BEJDFTJTQSFTUVOBDBTBRVF "PT EFTQVT EFM OBDJNJFOUP EFM BMCFSHVF #FMO
FM QB
GVODJPOBCB DPNP CPEFHB
NJFOUSBT M Z WBSJPT TBDFSEPUFT QFMEFMPTNJHSBOUFTIBDBNCJBEP"OUFTFSBOQFSTPOBTFO
DPOTFHVBO DPNJEB i5VWJNPT RVF DPNFO[BS DPO VOB QP USOTJUPB&TUBEPT6OJEPTRVFQBTBCBOEFTBQFSDJCJEBTQBSB
CSF[BFYUSFNB
TJOBZVEB
TJODPNJEBQPSRVFMBVSHFODJBFSB
MBNBZPSBEFMPTNFYJDBOPT"IPSBTFIBODPOWFSUJEPFO
TPCSFUPEP
MBWJEBEFMPTNJHSBOUFTw NFSDBODBQBSBMPTDSUFMFTEFOBSDPUSDP
FTQFDJBMNFOUF
&MEJOFSPFSBTMPQBSUFEFMQSPCMFNB&O4BMUJMMPMPTNJHSBOUFT -PT;FUBT
UBNQPDPTPOCJFOWJTUPTQPSMBDPNVOJEBE-PTQPMJDBTMPDBMFT &MHSVQPDSJNJOBM
DSFBEPQPSFYTPMEBEPTEFMJUF
WJWBGVO
TVFMFOEFUFOFSMPTTJONPUJWP%FTQVTVOPTWFDJOPTSFBMJ[BSPO EBNFOUBMNFOUFEFMUSDPEFESPHBQFSPBMSPNQFSTVBMJBO[B
QSPUFTUBTQBSBFYJHJSFMDJFSSFEFMBMCFSHVF DPOFM$SUFMEFM(PMGPTFWJPPCMJHBEPBCVTDBSOVFWBTGVFOUFT
1BOUPKB EJDF RVF GVFSPO BUBRVFT iJOUFODJPOBMFTw PSHBOJ EFJOHSFTP:MPTNJHSBOUFTGVFSPOMBQSFTBGDJM
[BEPTQPSQFSTPOBTBKFOBTBMBDPNVOJEBE
QVFTMBEJDFTJT &O QPDP UJFNQP DPOUSPMBSPO B UPEBT MBT CBOEBT EF USB
IBCBIFDIPVOBMBCPSJOUFOTBFOUSFMPTFMFTQBSBRVFBDFQ DBOUFTEFQFSTPOBTFO5BNBVMJQBT
TVQSJODJQBMDFOUSPEF
UBSBOFMSFGVHJP PQFSBDJO
ZTFUSBTMBEBSPOEFTQVTBUPEPFMOPSFTUFZTVSFTUF
&M USBCBKP SJOEJ GSVUPT
QSFTVNF FM TBDFSEPUF
QVFT TF NFYJDBOP
GPSNVOBSFEEFTPMJEBSJEBERVFIBTJEPGVOEBNFOUBMQBSB -BEFMJODVFODJBPSHBOJ[BEBFODPOUSEJOFSPFOFMTFDVFTUSP
NBOUFOFSDPOWJEBBMBQPTBEB ZFOMBWFOUBEFNVKFSFTDPNPFTDMBWBTTFYVBMFT
QFSPUBNCJO
1FSPRVJ[MBDMBWFEFTVTPCSFWJWFODJBFTRVF1BOUPKB DBSOFEFDBOQBSBTVTUSJODIFSBTFOMBHVFSSBDPOUSBPUSPT
Z TV FRVJQP TVQJFSPO RVF BZVEBS B MPT JOEPDVNFOUBEPT DSUFMFT
TJHOJDBNTRVFPGSFDFSDPNJEB
BHVBZVOBDBNBQBSB i#VTDBOWDUJNBTNTWVMOFSBCMFT
ZFOUPODFTTFBWJFO
EPSNJS UBOTPCSFMBNJHSBDJO/PMFTDVFTUBOBEB/PUJFOFORVF
70 71
FOGSFOUBSTFDPOFMFKSDJUP
MBQPMJDBGFEFSBM
WJFOFOSBDJNPT &M NVDIBDIP EFDJEJ FTDPOEFSTF DPO VO QSJNP FO -PT
EFHFOUFIVNBOB
FTVOBHBOBODJBBMBNBOPw
EJDF1BOUPKB OHFMFT
-PT;FUBTOPTMPDPOUSPMBSPOFMUSDPIVNBOP
UBNCJO i.FBHBSSFMUSFOQFSPFO7FSBDSV[TFDBZVODPNQBRVF
BQMJDBSPOTVFTUSBUFHJBEFUFSSPSZDSVFMEBERVFBQSFOEJFSPO WFOB DPO OPTPUSPT -F DPSU MBT QJFSOBT Z HSJUBCB
HSJUBCB
DPOHSVQPTQBSBNJMJUBSFTZFYDPNCBUJFOUFTEFMBTHVFSSBTDJ -VFHPFO"QJ[BDPNBUBSPODPOVOQBMPBPUSPRVFOPTFEFK
WJMFTFO$FOUSPBNSJDB TVCJSBVOBQJDLVQ.JQSJNPTFBTVTUNVDIPZFOFM%'TF
&O FM BMCFSHVF FTQFSBCBO VO DSFDJNJFOUP EF MB WJPMFODJB
TJHVJFOCVT:POPUFOHPMFNQJSBTOJEMBSZQPSFTPTVC
QFSPOPBMPTOJWFMFTRVFQSPOUPBQBSFDJFSPO"MBTQVFSUBTEF BMUSFOIBTUBBRVw
MBQPTBEBFNQF[BSPOBMMFHBSNJHSBOUFTTJOIFSJEBTBQBSFOUFTFO &TVOEJMPHPMFOUP-BTGSBTFTBQBSFDFOEFTQBDJUP
DPNP
FMDVFSQP
QFSPDPOFMBMNBEFTHBSSBEBQPSMBTFYQFSJFODJBTEFM TJFMBEPMFTDFOUFMBTQFOTBSBEFNBTJBEP/PFTFTP"3BNO
DBNJOP UPEBWBMFDVFTUBFOUFOEFSMPRVFWJWJZ
QFPSBO
BDFQUBS
.VDIPTIBOTJEPFODFSSBEPTFODBTBTEFTFHVSJEBE
BWF MPRVFTJHVF
DFTDPOPUSPTTFDVFTUSBEPT"RVJFOFTTFSFITBOBFOUSFHBSFM 5JFOFNJFEPEFTFHVJSBEFMBOUFQPSRVFTBCFRVFGVFSBEFM
ONFSPUFMFGOJDPEFGBNJMJBSFTRVFQPESBOQBHBSTVMJCF BMCFSHVF
MBTDBMMFTEF4BMUJMMP
MBTWBTEFMUSFOZMPTLJMNF
SBDJO
MPTQMBHJBSJPTMPTBTFTJOBOBHPMQFTGSFOUFBMPTEFNT USPT RVF TJHVFO IBTUB MB GSPOUFSB
TPO UFSSJUPSJP EF DBDFSB
"PUSPTMPTNVUJMBO
PMPTDVFMHBOEFTOVEPTEFMPTQJFTQBSB QBSB-PT;FUBT
HPMQFBSMPTDPOUBCMBT.VDIBTNVKFSFTTPOWJPMBEBT
ZBMHVOBT /PQVFEFSFHSFTBSQPSRVFTVNBESFTFSBBTFTJOBEBQPSMPT
TFDPOWJFSUFOFOFTDMBWBTTFYVBMFTEFMKFGFEFMBCBOEB QBOEJMMFSPT1BSB3BNOMPTQSYJNPTEBTTPOMPNJTNP"
$VBOEP FTDBQBO MPT NJHSBOUFT TF MMFWBO FM JOFSOP DPO EPOEFTFNVFWBTFSVOBQSFTB
FMMPT&OMBQPTBEB#FMOTFDSFVOSFBEFBUFODJOQTJDP
MHJDBQBSBBZVEBSMPTBSFDPOTUSVJS
FOMPQPTJCMF
TVBMNB
)BDFO MP RVF QVFEFO 3BNO
VO FTQJHBEP BEPMFTDFOUF .
EFBPTDPOPKPTBMNFOESBEPTRVFMMFWBUSFTNFTFTFOFM
BMCFSHVFFTVOFKFNQMP$VBOEPMMFHQFSNBOFDBFOTJMFO )BDJBFMOPSUFEF4BMUJMMP
FOMPBMUPEFVODFSSPTFDPZHSJT
DJP
BMHVOPTQFOTBCBORVFFSBNVEP5SBTWBSJBTTFNBOBTEF TFWFVOBFOPSNFFTUBUVBEF+FTTEF/B[BSFUIDPOMPTCSB[PT
UFSBQJBFNQF[BIBCMBS
ZBDPOUBSTVIJTUPSJB BCJFSUPT
)VZFEF)POEVSBTQPSRVFTVGBNJMJBFTUBNFOB[BEBEF 6O HFTUP RVF QBSFDFSB DPOUSBEJDUPSJP DPO MB SFBMJEBE
NVFSUF4VIFSNBOPNBZPSFTNJFNCSPEFMB.BSBZBOB "QFOBTBMTBMJSEF4BMUJMMPMPTNJHSBOUFTTFFODVFOUSBOFOFM
MFTEFTVNBNSFDJCJVONFOTBKFPTFMBSHBCBOEFM UFSSJUPSJPNTDPOUSPMBEPQPSMBTCBOEBTEFUSBDBOUFTEFQFS
QVFCMPPUPEPTTFSBOBTFTJOBEPT TPOBT
RVFUSBCBKBOQBSB-PT;FUBT
72 73
'VFFOVOTJUJPEFFTUB[POB
BMFTUFEFMBFTUBUVB
EPOEF
QFSTPOBTJOEPDVNFOUBEBTGVFSPOBTFTJOBEBTFOVOSBODIPEF
-
4BO'FSOBOEP
5BNBVMJQBT
1FESP 1BOUPKB TVFMF EFDJS RVF .YJDP FT VO DFNFOUFSJP
EFNJHSBOUFT:UBMWF[UFOHBSB[O
QPSRVFMPTTFDVFTUSPTZ
BTFTJOBUPTEFQFSTPOBTJOEPDVNFOUBEBTOPDFTBO
%BOJFMB1BTUSBOB
1FSPUBNQPDPTFBQBHBMBMV[EFFTQFSBO[BRVFSFQSFTFOUB
FMTBDFSEPUFKFTVJUBZPUSPTRVF
DPNPM
EJBSJBNFOUFTFNF
UFOBMJOFSOPQBSBBSSBODBSEFMPTDSJNJOBMFTBTVTWDUJNBT
&OMBGSPOUFSBOPSUFFMHPCJFSOPEF&TUBEPT6OJEPTMFWBOUB
NVSPT QBSB USBUBS EF JNQFEJS FM VKP EF QFSTPOBT %FM PUSP
MBEP
FO .YJDP
MBT QVFSUBT EF MPT BMCFSHVFT TJFNQSF FTUO
BCJFSUBTQBSBSFDJCJSMPT
"QFTBSEFUPEP
EJDF1BOUPKBi4JBMHVJFOQFOTRVFMBWJP
MFODJB
BTFTJOBUPTZBNFOB[BTTFSBODPNPVOFKFNQMPEFMP
RVFOPTQPESBQBTBS
TFFRVJWPDw
BTFHVSBi'VFBMSFWT/J
BNOJBOBEJFEFMFRVJQPOPTDSFVOBCBSSFSB
VOPCTUDVMP
RVFOPTBNFESFOUFw
74
Daniela Pastrana es periodista independiente, especializada en
derechos humanos, movimientos sociales y poltica social. Tra-
baj en los diarios Reforma, La Jornada y El Centro. Actual-
mente colabora en peridicos y revistas de Espaa, Brasil y El /FQPNVDFOP .PSFOP /F[ MMFWBCB EBT CVTDBOEP
Salvador, y es corresponsal para la agencia Inter Press Service BTVIJKP+PSHF.BSJPDVBOEPTVQPRVFFOFMFTUBEPEF.P
(IPS), con sede regional en Uruguay. SFMPT
BVOPTNJMLJMNFUSPTBMTVSEFTVDBTB
IBCBVO
Es coautora de los libros 7BNPTBQPSUBSOPTNBM-BQSPUFTUB QPFUBRVFQFEBKVTUJDJBQBSBTVIJKPBTFTJOBEP
TPDJBMFO"NSJDB-BUJOB(Fundacin Friedrich Ebert, 2011), &SBFMEFNBZPEF&MTPOPSFOTFEFBPT
WFO
)PSBT*OGBVTUBT-BUSBHFEJBEFM/FXT%JWJOF (Ririki, 2009) EFEPS EF DBNBSPOFT
WJP FO MB UFMFWJTJO B VO IPNCSF EF
y del manual de periodismo &TDSJUPTJOE4VHFSFODJBTQBSBVO TPNCSFSP
MFOUFTZDIBNBSSBEFCPSSFHP
MMBNBEP+BWJFS4J
QFSJPEJTNPTJOFUJRVFUBT(Conapred, 2010). DJMJB
RVFDBNJOBCBIBDJBMBDJVEBEEF.YJDPBDPNQBBEP
Ha sido becaria de la Fundacin Nuevo Periodismo Iberoame- EFVOBTEPTDJFOUBTQFSTPOBTMBTUJNBEBTQPSMBWJPMFODJB
ricano y de la Fundacin Prensa y Democracia. Es profesora de &O VO DJCFS DPOTJHVJ BZVEB QBSB FTDSJCJS B MB 3FE QPS
crnica y reportaje en la Escuela de Periodismo Carlos Septin MB1B[ZMB+VTUJDJB
PSHBOJ[BDJODJVEBEBOBRVFTFHFTUBCB
Garca y ha sido jurado de la beca para periodistas que otorga el FO.PSFMPT
ZQFEJSJOGPSNFTEFMBSVUBRVFTFHVJSBOMPT
Programa Prensa y Democracia de la Universidad Iberoameri- DBNJOBOUFT1JEJQSFTUBEPQBSBDPNQSBSVOCPMFUPBMBDB
cana. Desde 2006 participa, junto con otras colegas, en el sueo QJUBMEFMQBT/PDPOTJHVJQBSBFMQBTBKFEFSFHSFTP4FTVN
colectivo de la Red de Periodistas de a Pie, del que es secretaria BMBDBNJOBUBBMEBTJHVJFOUF
FO5PQJMFKP
ZBFOFMQFSNFUSP
ejecutiva. EF MB DBQJUBM 1BSB FOUPODFT
MB NBSDIB TVNBCB B VOBT NJM
77
QFSTPOBT"MBDBCF[BJCBOFMQPFUB4JDJMJBZ+VMJO-F#BSO
QPMJDBTNVOJDJQBMFT&TUPTNVDIBDIPTBOEBONVZNBM
TPO
MEFSEFMBDPNVOJEBENPSNPOBRVFMMFWBFMOPNCSFEFTV EFMPT#FMUSO-FZWB:BVOPRVFBOEBNPTCVTDBOEPFTIJKP
GBNJMJB
FO$IJIVBIVB
ZRVFQFSEJBDJODPEFTVTNJFNCSPT EFM%PTNJM
VONBPTPRVFBOEBCBDPOMPT;FUBTw
MFEJKP&M
QPSFOGSFOUBSTFBMPTHSVQPTDSJNJOBMFTEFMBSFHJO DPNFSDJBOUFUSBUEFFYQMJDBSRVFFSBVOFSSPS
RVFVOPEFMPT
&OMBNBBOBEFMEFNBZP
/FQPNVDFOPEFBNCVMBCB KWFOFTFSBIJKPEFMEPDUPS%B[
EJSFDUPSEFTBMVENVOJDJQBM
TPMPFONFEJPEFMEFTDBNQBEPRVFBMPKBMPTDBNJOBOUFT EF)FSNPTJMMP
RVFPUSPFSBIJKPEF%PO(PZP
UBRVFSPFO
$BSHBCBDPNPFTUBOEBSUFVOBDBSUVMJOBDPOMBTGPUPHSBGBT MBVOJWFSTJEBEi)BHBNPTVOBDPTBJOUFSSVNQJFMIPN
EFDVBUSPKWFOFT#BKPTVDIBNBSSBHVBSEBCBVOTPCSFBNB CSF%FOPTNJMQFTPTZMPTTPMUBNPTw
SJMMPDPONTJNHFOFTZFMFYQFEJFOUFEFTVIJKP
+PSHF.B i$POTFHV FM EJOFSP Z MFT IBCMw
DVFOUB /FQPNVDFOP
SJP .PSFOP -FO
EF BPT
EFTBQBSFDJEP EFTEF FM EF i.FEJKFSPORVFFTQFSBCBOBVODPNBOEBOUFZNFQBTBSPOB
KVMJPEF
KVOUPDPOEPTEFTVTBNJHPT+PT'SBODJTDP NJIJKP.FEJKPA&TUPZCJFOBQ
OPUFNPSUJRVFT
EJMFBNJ
.FSDBEP0SUFHBZ(JPWBOOJ0UFSP.BSJP&OSJRVF%B[
FM BNRVFFTUPZCJFO
RVFBIMFDBJHPB)FSNPTJMMPNTUBSEF
DVBSUPKPWFOEFMDBSUFM
GVFBTFTJOBEP .FRVFEUSBORVJMPZMFIBCMBNJFTQPTB1FSPOVODBNF
TUBGVFMBIJTUPSJBRVFDPOUFMEFKVOJPEF
WPMWJFSPOBDPOUFTUBSw
+PSHF .BSJP TBMJ DPO TVT BNJHPT B EJWFSUJSTF B $JVEBE &M WFOEFEPS EF DBNBSPOFT TF DPOWJSUJ FO EFUFDUJWF 4F
0CSFHO
BVOPTLJMNFUSPTEFTVDBTBFO)FSNPTJMMP
NBOJGFTU GSFOUF BM 1BMBDJP EF (PCJFSOP
EFOVODJ BOUF MB
4POPSB'VFMBMUJNBWF[RVFMPWJPWJWP%FTQVTEFFTP
QSFOTB $POTJHVJ FM SFHJTUSP EFM UFMGPOP EF TV IJKP Z BT
TMP FTDVDI TV WP[ i"Q
OPT DPSSFUF MB QPMJDB
OP T TVQPRVFMBMUJNBMMBNBEBSFDJCJEBFOTVDFMVMBS
BMBT
EOEFFTUOMPTEFNTNVDIBDIPT
BRVFTUPZFOVOPYYPw
IPSBT EFM EF KVMJP
GVF EFTEF MB QSPDVSBEVSB EFM FTUBEP
MF EJKP MB NBESVHBEB EFM EF KVMJP
DVBOEP MF MMBN Z MF 1FSPOBEJFMFIJ[PDBTP
FYQMJDRVFVOBVUPNWJMMPTJOUFSDFQUBMTBMJSEFVOBOUSP &TBNBBOBGSBFO5PQJMFKP
/FQP
NFDPOURVFUPEBWB
-PTKWFOFTDPSSJFSPOBMNPOUF&OTVIVEB
+PSHF.BSJP EFTQVTEFNFTFTEFTJMFODJP
NBSDBCBBMDFMVMBSEFTVIJKP
FODPOUSVOBUJFOEBZVOBNVDIBDIBMFSFHBMTBMEPQBSB DPOMBFTQFSBO[BEFRVFMFDPOUFTUBSB
IBCMBSBTVDBTB
i/P UF NVFWBT EF BI
WPZ B NBOEBS B VO BNJHP EF
(VBZNBTBRVFUFSFDPKBw
MFEJKPFMQBESF1FSPOPIVCPUJFN -
QP.JFOUSBTIBCMBCBDPOTVIFSNBOB
+PSHF.BSJPBEWJSUJ
i`ZBWJFOFOQPSNwZDPSUMBMMBNBEB/FQPNVDFOPWPMWJ &MEFNBS[PEFGVFMPDBMJ[BEPFO5FNJYDP
.PSFMPT
FM
BNBSDBS
EFTFTQFSBEP%FTQVTEFWBSJPTJOUFOUPTMFDPOUFTU DVFSQPEF+VBO'SBODJTDP4JDJMJB
EFBPT
ZPUSBTTFJTQFSTPOBT
VOIPNCSFi"RVMBTQSFHVOUBTMBTIBDFNPTOPTPUSPT
TPNPT 4FHOMBQPMJDB
MPTNBUBSPOQPSSFDMBNBSVOBDNBSBQFSEJEB
78 79
FOVOCBSQSPUFHJEPQPSFMDSUFMEFM1BDDP4VS
VOBEFMBTPDIP &O$PBKPNVMDP
MBQSJNFSBQFSOPDUB
MPTQPCMBEPSFTFOUSFHB
PSHBOJ[BDJPOFTDSJNJOBMFTNTQPEFSPTBTEF.YJDP+BWJFS4JDJMJB SPOB4JDJMJBVODVJMPUF
FMUSPODPEFMBPSEFMNBHVFZ
TNCPMP
DPMBCPSBEPSEFMTFNBOBSJP1SPDFTPFTUBCBFO'JMJQJOBT
BEPO EFMBSFTJTUFODJBEFFTFQVFCMPJOEHFOB"MEBTJHVJFOUF
FOMB
EFGVFBMFFSQPFTB"ITFFOUFSEFMBNVFSUFEFTVIJKP+VBOFMP QMB[BEF5PQJMFKP
FMQPFUBFTDVDIQPSQSJNFSBWF[FMUFTUJNP
4VBTFTJOBUPTFTVNBPUSPTNJMRVF
QBSBFMRVJOUP OJPEF/FQPNVDFOP.PSFOP
FMTPOPSFOTFEFHSVFTPNPTUBDIP
BPEFHPCJFSOPEF'FMJQF$BMEFSO
FSBOFMTBMEPNTWJTJCMF ZDBCFMMPDBOP
RVFMFWBOUBCBMPNTBMUPRVFQPEBTVFTUBO
EFMBiHVFSSBGSPOUBMDPOUSBFMDSJNFOPSHBOJ[BEPwEFDMBSBEB EBSUFQBSBRVFUPEPTMPWJFSBO$VBOEPBDBCEFIBCMBS
FM
QPSFMQSFTJEFOUFFOEJDJFNCSFEF QPFUBMPBCSB[-MPSBSPO
4JDJMJB
VOIPNCSFQSPGVOEBNFOUFDBUMJDPZNVZJEFO
UJDBEP JEFPMHJDBNFOUF DPO MPT NPWJNJFOUPT TPDJBMFT Z FM
[BQBUJTNP
DBNCJMBQPFTBQPSFMBDUJWJTNPZDPOFMHSJUP i/w
EFi`FTUBNPTIBTUBMBNBESFwDPOWPDBMBTPDJFEBEBVOB
NPWJMJ[BDJOOBDJPOBMQBSBFYJHJSBMBTBVUPSJEBEFTDBNCJBS *OTUBOUOFBEFMEPNJOHPEFNBZPEFEFTQVTEFBOEBS
MBQPMUJDBEFTFHVSJEBEZGSFOBSMBWJPMFODJBi&ODBEBQMB[B DVBUSP EBT
MMFHBNPT BM ;DBMP DPO USFT IPSBT EF SFUSBTP -B
EFMQBTEFCFIBCFSVOBNFNPSJBEFOVFTUSPTNVFSUPTFOFTUB NBSDIBTFBMBSHBBONTFOMBMUJNBQBSUF
DVBOEP4JDJMJBZ
HVFSSBJNCDJM
VOBNFNPSJBEFOVFTUSPIPMPDBVTUPw
EJKP
BO MPTNJMFTEFTFHVJEPSFTJOUFOUBOFOUSBSQPSVOBFTUSFDIBDBMMFB
UFTEFFNQSFOEFSVOBDBNJOBUBEFLJMNFUSPTBMB$JVEBE MBQMB[B
RVFTFDPOWJFSUFFODVFMMPEFCPUFMMBDPOFNQVKPOFT
EF.YJDP KBMPOFPT
BSBB[PTZQBUBEBTFOUSFQFSJPEJTUBTZBDUJWJTUBT
*OTQJSBEBFOMB.BSDIBEFMB4BM
RVFFOMJEFSFOMB i4POVOPTJSSFTQPOTBCMFT
EFCJFSPOIBDFSVOBWBMMBBOUFT
*OEJB.BIBUNB(BOEIJ
MBi$BNJOBUBEFMTJMFODJPwDPNPMF EFMMFHBSBRVw
SFDMBNBVODBNBSHSBGPBVOTVEPSPTPIPN
MMBNFMQPFUB
TBMJEF$VFSOBWBDBFMEFNBZP"MGSFOUF CSFRVFGPSNBQBSUFEFMDPSEOEFTFHVSJEBE
JCBO4JDJMJBZ-F#BSO
DBSHBOEPVOBCBOEFSBEF.YJDP&O i4
QFSP OPTPUSPT OP TPNPT QPMUJDPT
NBOP
TPNPT TP
MB NBSDIB TF GVFSPO TVNBOEP QBESFT Z NBESFT RVF MMFHBSPO DJFEBEDJWJM6TUFEFTNFKPSBZVEFOZ`IHBOTFBVOMBEPw
EFTEF5JKVBOB
$JVEBE+VSF[
"DBQVMDPP$BODO
DPOFMNJT SFTQPOEFDPOFOGBEPFMBMVEJEP
KVTUPDVBOEPMBCVSCVKBEF
NPPCKFUJWPQFEJSKVTUJDJBQBSBTVTIJKPT$BNJOBSPOFMQSJNFS QSPUFDDJO TF SPNQF Z DBFNPT BQMBTUBEPT TPCSF 4JDJMJB
-F
EB LJMNFUSPT EF TVCJEB
TPCSF FM BTGBMUP BSEJFOUF .T #BSOZFMTBDFSEPUF"MFKBOESP4PMBMJOEF
SFDPOPDJEPEFGFOTPS
RVF QSPUFTUB
QBSFDB VOB QSPDFTJO i&M TJMFODJP FT VO BSNB EFNJHSBOUFTRVFTFTVNBMBNBSDIBIBDBVOBTIPSBT4P
NVZQPEFSPTB
RVFQFSNJUFEFDJSMPJOEFDJCMFw
NFFYQMJDFO CSFNJDBCF[BWFPBMEPNJOJDP.JHVFM$PODIB
TFQUVBHFOBSJP
VOBQBSBEBFMIJTUPSJBEPSZBDUJWJTUBQPSMBQB[
1JFUSP"NF EFGFOTPSEFEFSFDIPTIVNBOPT
DPNPTJFTUVWJFSBFOVOslam
HMJP1BUFMMB
BNJHPQFSTPOBMEFMQPFUB "MHVOPTEFTGBMMFDFOZTPOSFTDBUBEPT1PSO
EFTQFJOBEPZ
80 81
DBTJTJOMFOUFT
+BWJFS4JDJMJBTVCFBMFTUSBEPZDPNJFO[BBSF /PFTQPDPMPRVFTFNVFWFFTUFEFNBZP%FTEFVOB
QBSUJSHSJUPT
GVSJPTPQPSFMDBPT QFRVFBNPOUBBEFBTGBMUP
NVDIPBOUFTEFMMFHBSBM;DBMP
i/PT SFCBT MB DBOUJEBE EF HFOUF /VODB FTQFSBNPT MP TFWFOFOMB$JVEBEEF.YJDPEPTNBSDIBTNVMUJUVEJOBSJBT
RVFQBTw
NFEJDF
NFTFTEFTQVT
(FSBSEP(NF[
FMIPN BNCBTFYUFOEJEBTIBTUBFMIPSJ[POUFMBRVFWBEFUSTEF4JDJ
CSFEFMDPSEOEFTFHVSJEBE
QSPGFTPSEFNFEJDJOBOBUVSJTUB MJBZMBRVFWBBMGSFOUF
MPTRVFTFBEFMBOUBSPO&OEJTUJOUPT
&MMMBNBEPEFMQPFUBEFTQJFSUBFMNQFUVEFVOBTPDJFEBE QVOUPTEFMDBNJOPMBHFOUFFTQFSBQBSBBQMBVEJS
MMPSBS
TPMJEB
DJWJMBHPUBEB)BCBEBEPGVFSUFTCBUBMMBTFO
FMMUJNP SJ[BSTFDPOFMQBESFRVFTVGSF
QBSBNPTUSBSTVQSPQJPDPSBKF
BPEFMHPCJFSOPEFPDVSSFODJBTEFMBQBSFKBQSFTJEFODJBMEF 1JFDPOQJFBWBO[BOMPTGBNJMJBSFTEFQFSTPOBTBTFTJOBEBT
7JDFOUF'PYZ.BSUIB4BIBHORVFMMFWBMQBTBMMPEFMB PEFTBQBSFDJEBTFOMBHVFSSBDBMEFSPOJTUB
MPTBDUJWJTUBTPSH
HPCFSOBCJMJEBE1FSPMBGBMUBEFSFTQVFTUBTJOTUJUVDJPOBMFTBMBT OJDPT
MPTTBDFSEPUFTQSPHSFTJTUBT
MBTNBESFTEFNVKFSFTBTFTJ
EFNBOEBTDPOTVNJMBTSFTFSWBTEFMBSFTJTUFODJBPSHBOJ[BEB OBEBTPEFTBQBSFDJEBTFO$JVEBE+VSF[
MPTDBNQFTJOPTEF
{$VOUPTTPOBIPSB *NQPTJCMFTBCFSMP&M;DBMPTFMMFOB "UFODP RVF TVGSJFSPO VOB SFQSFTJO QPMJDJBM RVF EFK EPT
WBSJBTWFDFT
BOUFFMSFUSBTPEFMBDBSBWBOB
FMDBMPSZFMNBM NVFSUPTZNVKFSFTWJPMBEBT
MB1PMJDB$PNVOJUBSJBEF(VF
TPOJEP
NVDIPTTFWBO
EFKBOEPQBTPBPUSPTRVFWBOZWJF SSFSP
MPTJOEHFOBTQVSQFDIBTEF$IFSORVFTFBUSJODIFSB
OFONJFOUSBTEFDFOBTEFWDUJNBTTVCFOBMUFNQMFUFBDPOUBS SPOQBSBEFGFOEFSTF
MPTIVJDIPMFTRVFTFPQPOFOBVOBNJOFSB
TVEPMPSQPSQSJNFSBWF[ FOTVUJFSSBTBHSBEB
MBTSFTFSWBTEFMPUSPSBQPEFSPTP4JOEJDBUP
6OB NVKFS EFOVODJB RVF QPS FYJHJS KVTUJDJB QPS MB WJP .FYJDBOPEF&MFDUSJDJTUBT
MPTNJHSBOUFT
MPTQBESFTEFMPT
MBDJOEFTVIJKBDPOEJTDBQBDJEBE
FMQSPDVSBEPSEF+BMJTDP OJPTDBMDJOBEPTFOMBHVBSEFSB"#$
MPTBDUJWJTUBTUVJUFSPT
MBBNFOB[6OQBESFDVFOUBRVFTVIJKPGVFTFDVFTUSBEPFO MPTFTUVEJBOUFTZMPTTPCSFWJWJFOUFTEFMBNBTBDSFEFJOE
.POUFSSFZ
BEPOEFGVFBFTUVEJBS6OBBCVFMBQJEFBZVEB HFOBTEF"DUFBM
QBSB FODPOUSBS B TV OJFUP EFTBQBSFDJEP FO 3FZOPTB 0USB -B QSPUFTUB TF SFQMJDB FO QBTFT Z FO DJVEBEFT EFM
KPWFOBGJSNBRVFTVFTQPTPZDPNQBFSPTEFUSBCBKP QBT-BNTOVNFSPTBFTFO4BO$SJTUCBMEFMBT$BTBTEPO
UPEPTWFOEFEPSFTEFQJOUVSBEFTBQBSFDJFSPOFO1JFESBT EF TF NPWJMJ[BSPO NJM [BQBUJTUBT
TV QSJNFSB SFBQBSJDJO
/FHSBT
EFTQVTEFTFSEFUFOJEPTQPSQPMJDBTKVEJDJBMFT4JMWJB QCMJDBEFTEFi&TUBNPTBRVQBSBEFDJSMFTBFTBTCVF
&TDBMFSB
FTQPTBEFMFNQSFTBSJP/FMTPO7BSHBT
DMBNBBMPTTF OBT QFSTPOBT RVF FO TJMFODJP DBNJOBO RVF OP FTUO TPMPT
DVFTUSBEPSFTZBTFTJOPTEFTVIJKBiHOFOTFVOQPDPEFQFSEOZ 2VFFTDVDIBNPTFMEPMPSEFTVTJMFODJPDPNPBOUFTMBEJHOB
EFWVFMWBOMPTDVFSQPT
SFHSFTFOBMPTWJWPTw SBCJBEFTVTQBMBCSBTw
EJDFFMDPNBOEBOUF%BWJE
RVJFOMFF
%VSBOUFWBSJBTIPSBTTFIJMBONTEFUFTUJNPOJPTEF FMDPNVOJDBEPEFMHSVQPSFCFMEF
EPMPSZEFSBCJB
JOUFSSVNQJEPTDVBOEPMMFHBOMPTDBNJOBO &OFM;DBMP
MBBDUJWJTUBKVBSFOTF
0MHB3FZFT
RVJFODBS
UFTEF$VFSOBWBDB HBBDVFTUBTFMBTFTJOBUPEFTFJTGBNJMJBSFT
Z1BUSJDJB%VBSUF
82 83
NBESF EF "OEST "MPOTP
WDUJNB EF MB OFHMJHFODJB FO MB i+BWJFS OP RVJTP SPNQFS DPO TV WJEB QBTBEB /BEJF MP
(VBSEFSB"#$
MFFOVOEPDVNFOUPQPMUJDPSFEBDUBEPQPS QVFEFDSJUJDBSQPSFTP
QFSPEFTEFVOBQUJDBQPMUJDBGVF
BDBENJDPTZEJSJHFOUFTEFPSHBOJ[BDJPOFTDFSDBOPTB4JDJMJB
VONPNFOUPFOFMRVFOPRVJTPBTVNJSMBEJSFDDJOEFBMHP
DPNPFMFYQSFTJEFOUFEFMB$PNJTJOEF%FSFDIPT)VNBOPT NBZPSw
NF EJDF
NVDIP UJFNQP EFTQVT
.BHEJFM 4O
EFM%JTUSJUP'FEFSBM
&NJMJPMWBSF[*DB[B DIF[
VOKPWFOMTPGPEFBPT
ZVOPEFMPTQJMBSFTEFM
&M1BDUP/BDJPOBMQSPQPOF
SFTDBUBSMBNFNPSJBEFMBT HSVQPEVSBOUFFM
WDUJNBTEFMBWJPMFODJB
DBNCJBSMBFTUSBUFHJBNJMJUBSQPS -BDPOWJWFODJBFOUSFMVDIBEPSFTTPDJBMFT
BDUJWJTUBTZWD
VOBEFTFHVSJEBEDJVEBEBOB
DPNCBUJSMBJNQVOJEBE
DP UJNBT
OPFTTFODJMMB&M.PWJNJFOUPQPSMB1B[DPO+VTUJDJBZ
SSVQDJOZFMJNJOBSFMGVFSPEFMPTGVODJPOBSJPT
DPNCBUJS %JHOJEBEDPNPOBMNFOUFTFBVUPOPNCSBFMDPMFDUJWP
MBTOBO[BTEFMDSJNFO
SFDVQFSBSFMUFKJEPTPDJBM
GPSUB TFDPOTUSVZFTPCSFVOFOUSBNBEPEFJOUFSFTFTEJWFSTPT
RVF
MFDFSMBEFNPDSBDJBQBSUJDJQBUJWBDPOQMFCJTDJUP
DBOEJEBUVSBT OPMPHSBODPJODJEJSFOBHFOEBDPNO
DJVEBEBOBTZSFWPDBDJOEFNBOEBUP -PT QSJNFSPT QSPCMFNBT TVSHFO EBT EFTQVT EF MB NBS
&MQPFUBBOVODJBVOBDBSBWBOBB$JVEBE+VSF[
iFMFQJ DIBBM;DBMP&MBDBENJDP+PIO"DLFSNBOZFMHSVQPEF
DFOUSPEFMEPMPSw
QBSBSNBSFMQBDUPZSFDPHFSUFTUJNPOJPT DBSJDBUVSJTUBTRVFEFTEFFOFSPEFJNQVMTBMBDBNQBB
EFWDUJNBTFODJVEBEFTB[PMBEBTQPSMBWJPMFODJB&OVOJN i/PNTTBOHSFwQBSBGSFOBSMBWJPMFODJB
SFDIB[BODVBMRVJFS
QVMTP
TPSQSFOEFBUPEPTDPOMBFYJHFODJBEFMBSFOVODJBEFM EJMPHPDPOMBTBVUPSJEBEFTZTFCBKBOEFMCBSDPDBSBWBOFSP
TFDSFUBSJPEF4FHVSJEBE1CMJDB'FEFSBM-BQMB[BSFTQPOEF &EVBSEP(BMMP
FNQSFTBSJPDPOWFSUJEPFOBDUJWJTUBEFTEFFM
DPOVOHSJUPJOFTQFSBEPi'VFSB$BMEFSOw BTFTJOBUP EF TV IJKB
FO KVMJP EF
Z RVF BDPNQB B
"M OBM EFM EB NF FODVFOUSP DPO /FQPNVDFOP .PSF 4JDJMJBFOMBDBNJOBUBBM%'
EFDJEFOPTFHVJSMPB+VSF[QPS
OP $BNJOB TPMP
DPO TV JOTFQBSBCMF DBSUFM 5JFOF FM SPTUSP RVF OP BQSVFCB TV FTUSBUFHJB 0USBT PSHBOJ[BDJPOFT DJWJMFT
DPMPSBEPQPSFMTPMZBOEBBQVSBEP
EFCFDPOTFHVJSEJOFSP EF EFSFDIPT IVNBOPT
TF EJTUBODJBSO QSPHSFTJWBNFOUF
USBT
QBSBSFHSFTBSB4POPSBi4
WBMJMBQFOBFMWJBKFw
NFBMDBO[B DVFTUJPOBSMBWFSUJDBMJEBEFOMBUPNBEFEFDJTJPOFT
RVFTFDPO
BEFDJS DFOUSBOFOFMFRVJQPNTDFSDBOPEFMQPFUB
)BZPUSPT
FODBNCJP
RVFMMFHBOQBSBRVFEBSTF$JVEBEB
*** OPT DPNVOFT
DPNP (FSBSEP (NF[
RVJFO GVF NBFTUSP EF
"QFTBSEFMBEFNBOEBEFNJMFT
4JDJMJBOPFODFOEFSMBTBO +VBOFMP$VBOEPTVQPEFMBTFTJOBUP
TFTVNBMBDBNJOBUB
UPSDIBTRVFBOVODJBOUFTEFTBMJSEF$VFSOBWBDB-BHFOUF DPOTVGBNJMJBZBQBSUJSEFFOUPODFT
UPEBFMMBFTQBSUFEF
TFRVFEBSFTQFSBOEPMBEFTPCFEJFODJBDJWJMZSFGVOEBDJO MBMPHTUJDBEFMNPWJNJFOUP
EFMQBTRVFBOVODJBFODBEBFOUSFWJTUB&ODBNCJP
BDFQUB i.VDIPT EF MPT RVF OPT JOUFHSBNPT SBNPT DJVEBEBOPT
MPTHVJPTEFMFKFDVUJWPGFEFSBMQBSBEJBMPHBS RVFFTUCBNPTFOOVFTUSBTDBTBTZOPUFOBNPTOJOHVOBFY
84 85
QFSJFODJBFOFTUPSFNFNPSB&MEBEFM;DBMP
MBHVBSEJB TFMPTTFDVFTUSPT
MBTFYUPSTJPOFT
MPTBTFTJOBUPT
QPSFMNJFEP
EFTFHVSJEBEMBGPSNCBNPTNJFTQPTB
NJTIJKBT
NJIJKP
B MPT EFMJODVFOUFT Z B MBT BVUPSJEBEFT 5PEPT MMPSBNPT FTB
BNJHPTZVOPTFTUVEJBOUFTEFMB6/".
DPOVOMJTUOw OPDIF)BTUBMPTDPOEVDUPSFTEFMPTBVUPCVTFTDPOUBSPOMBT
0USPTTPOMPTQBESFTZNBESFTIVSGBOPTEFTVTIJKPTRVF IJTUPSJBTEFUFSSPSWJWJEBTFOMBTDBSSFUFSBTUPNBEBTQPSDSJ
FODVFOUSBOFOTVTQBSFTVOBTFHVOEBGBNJMJB&TPVOFBQFS NJOBMFT-PTEFDBQJUBEPTFOMB"VUPQJTUBEFM4PM
MPTSFUFOFT
TPOBTUBOEJTUJOUBTDPNPFMSFDJPZNBMIBCMBEPDBNBSPOFSP DMBOEFTUJOPT
MBTFYUPSTJPOFTBUSBOTQPSUJTUBT
MPTiIBMDPOFTw
EF4POPSB
Z5FSFTB$BSNPOB
VOBNVKFSNFOVEJUB
RVFTF FOMBTDBSSFUFSBT
FMBTFTJOBUPEFVODPMFHB
EJTUJOHVFFOUSFMPTPUSPTQPSRVFTJFNQSFMMFWBVOBPSZVOB %FTEF MB QSJNFSB NBSDIB DPOWPDBEB QPS FM QPFUB
FM
QBODBSUBDPOMBGPUPEFTVIJKP+PBRVO
BTFTJOBEPFOMB$JV EFBCSJM
4JDJMJBIBTVNBEPBTVDBVTBBDJFOUPTEFWDUJNBT
EBEEF.YJDP&MMBDPNP/FQPTFVOJBMBDBSBWBOBEFM RVF SPNQJFSPO FM TJMFODJP Z IBO QVFTUP BM QBT GSFOUF B VO
QPFUBEFTEFMFKPT
$BODO
EPOEFEFKBUSTTVWJEB FTQFKPEFIPSSPS:BOPTFMFTFQBSB.BSB)FSSFSB
MBNVKFS
EFTHBSSBEBQPSMBQSEJEBEFDVBUSPIJKPTRVFFONVEFDJMB
QMB[BEF.PSFMJB/PFTMBOJDB$BEBUFTUJNPOJPUJSBQPS
- MBCPSEBMBBSNBDJOEFMQSFTJEFOUFEFRVFMBTNVFSUFTEF
DJWJMFTJOPDFOUFTTPOFMQPSDJFOUP
.POUFSSFZTFWVFMWFVOMVHBSEFQBSBEPKBT"RVOPIBZCVF i&M EF BCSJM OP TMP BTFTJOBSPO B VO KPWFO JOPDFOUF
OPTOJNBMPT5PEPTTFNBUBO:UPEPTMMPSBO&TDVDIBNPT EFTUSVZFSPO B VOB GBNJMJBw
SFTQPOEF FO .POUFSSFZ FM FN
BQBESFTRVFEFOVODJBOBQPMJDBTQPSEFTBQBSFDFS
UPSUVSBS QSFTBSJPMBHVOFSP0UJMJP$BOU
DVZPIJKPGVFBTFTJOBEPQPS
Z NBUBS B TVT IJKPT &OUSFWJTUBNPT B FTQPTBT P NBESFT EF NJMJUBSFTRVFMVFHPQSFUFOEJFSPOJODSJNJOBSMP
QPMJDBTEFTBQBSFDJEPT &M NJUJO FO MB DBQJUBM SFHJB UFSNJOB B MB NFEJBOPDIF Z
-B$BSBWBOBEFM$POTVFMP
BTMMBNBEPFMQFSJQMPEFWD FM QPFUB BOVODJB VOB NBSDIB B MB 1SPDVSBEVSB EF +VTUJDJB
UJNBTIBDJBFMOPSUF
QBTBQPSBRVFMEFKVOJPEF
USFT &TUBUBM&MHSVQPDBNJOBQPSDBMMFTPTDVSBT
TFHVJEPQPSOFS
EBTEFTQVTEFBSSBODBSEFMDFOUSPEFMQBT WJPTPTQPMJDBT$POMPTGBNJMJBSFTFOUSBOBMBSFVOJO+BWJFS
-BQBSBEBQSFWJB
FO%VSBOHP
GVFDBUSUJDB%FDFOBTEF 4JDJMJBZ&NJMJPMWBSF[*DB[B
HFTUPSEFMFODVFOUSP-PTDBSB
QFSTPOBTTBMJFSPOBMBTDBMMFTBHSJUBSEFBOHVTUJBBOUFMBMMFHBEB WBOFSPTTFJOTUBMBOFOMBTFTDBMFSBT&MFODVFOUSPTFQSPMPOHB
EFMPTBVUPCVTFTZWFIDVMPTRVFGPSNBOMBDBSBWBOB NTEFEPTIPSBT
.VDIPTFTQFSBSPOFOMBDBSSFUFSB/PBMDBO[BCBOMBTNBOPT "GVFSB
FMTJMCJEPEFVOBBVUBTFNF[DMBDPOMPTUBNCP
EFMPTBDUJWJTUBTQBSBSFHJTUSBSMBTEFOVODJBTZMBTMJCSFUBTEF SFT/JDPMFZ.FSBMZ(NF[
EPTOJBTRVFWJBKBODPOTVT
MPTQFSJPEJTUBTTFDPOWJSUJFSPOFOIPKBTEFSFHJTUSP&SBMBQSJ QBESFT
DBOUBOTVIJNOPiMPTDBSBWBOPTMMFHBSPOZBZMMF
NFSBWF[RVFIBCMBCBOFOQCMJDPBOUFTUVWJFSPORVFUSBHBS HBSPOEJDJFOEPCBTUBZBCBTUBZB
CBTUBZB
CBTUBZBOPRVFSF
86 87
NPTMBHVFSSB
TMBQB[w&M.JNP:BZP
VOQBZBTPBDVDIPEF QPFUB-BNVKFSFTDPOPDJEBQPSRVFEFTQVTEFRVFTVTEPT
QFMPFTQPOKBEP
BOJNBVOCBJMFRVFUFSNJOBSFOQBDIBOHB IJKPTGVFSPOBTFTJOBEPTFOVOBFTUBFO7JMMBTEF4BMWSDBS
7FPBMDIJIVBIVFOTF+VMJO-F#BSONPWJOEPTFBMSJUNP BMQPOJFOUFEFMBDJVEBE
FODBSBMQSFTJEFOUF$BMEFSOZMF
EFi(VBOUBOBNFSBwZQJFOTPRVFZBOPJNQPSUBMPPDVSSJEP SFDMBNRVFMPTDVMQBSBEFQBOEJMMFSPT/PGVFMBQSJNFSB
BEFOUSP-BIJTUPSJBFTUFOFTUBSFCFMJOBMEPMPSZBMNJFEP OJMBOJDBWF[RVFFMNBOEBUBSJPDVMQBBMBTWDUJNBTEFTV
1PSRVFEFTQVTEFMMPSBSUBOUP
FOFTUBNBESVHBEBSFHJB QSPQJBNVFSUF
TMPDBCFMBSJTBZFTUBJNQSVEFOUFJSSFWFSFODJBRVFOPTMMFW 1FSPBMHPGBMMBFO+VSF[-BTNFTBTEFEJTDVTJO
JEFBEBT
BDBNJOBSBNFEJBOPDIFQPSVOBEFMBTDJVEBEFTNTQFMJ QBSBEFOJSMBSVUBFTUSBUHJDBEFDBEBVOPEFMPTQVOUPTEFM
HSPTBTEFMQBTi/PTPUSPTWBNPTBHBOBSQPSRVFBOVFTUSP 1BDUP/BDJPOBMQSPQVFTUPFOFM;DBMPFMEFNBZP
DVFTUJP
EPMPSZBMFQPEFNPTBHSFHBSBMFHSB:FTBTEPTDPTBTKVOUBT OBOMBSFMBDJOEFMNPWJNJFOUPDPOFMQSFTJEFOUF$BMEFSO
TFMMBNBOWJEBw
EJDF-F#BSOBMEBTJHVJFOUF
FOVONJUJO -B PQPSUVOJEBE RVF 4JDJMJB EB BM EJMPHP DPO BVUPSJEBEFT
FO5PSSFO
DJVEBEDPODJFOUPTEFQFSTPOBTEFTBQBSFDJEBT BNFOB[BMBSVQUVSB
i{4BCFO QPS RV FTUPZ NT TFHVSP RVF OVODB EF RVF MB &OFMMBSHVTJNPEPDVNFOUPEFUSBCBKPEFQVOUPTRVF
WJEBMFWBBHBOBSBMBNVFSUF 1PSRVFBZFSFOMBOPDIF
EFT TFMFFDPNPSFMBUPSBFTUFEFKVOJP
QBTBDBTJEFTBQFSDJCJEB
QVTEFNJMLJMNFUSPTEFDBNJOP
BFTUBDBSBWBOBMFTBMJF MB-FZEF7DUJNBT
QSJPSJEBEEFMNPWJNJFOUP
ZTFPNJUFMB
SPOBMBTy{%OEFFTUBCBFMNJFEPBOPDIF -BHVFSSBTFGVFB USBHFEJBEFMPTEFTBQBSFDJEPT&ODBNCJP
MPTNFEJPTEFTUB
EPSNJSEVSBOUFBMHVOBTIPSBT2VFMFWBOUFMBNBOPFMTJDBSJP DBOMBEFTNJMJUBSJ[BDJOJONFEJBUBZFMKVJDJPQPMUJDPB'FMJ
RVFFTUFOUSFOPTPUSPT{/BEJF {"MHOTFDVFTUSBEPS "VO QF$BMEFSO
RVFMVFHP4JDJMJBEFTNFOUJS
RVFMPIVCJFSBOPTFBUSFWFSBBMFWBOUBSMBNBOPw
JOTJTUF 1BSBBUFNQFSBSMPTOJNPT
4JDJMJBFMJHFFMQPFNBiUBDBw
/FQPNVDFOP.PSFOPMPFTDVDIBBUFOUP
TFOUBEPFOMBTHSBEBT EFM HSJFHP ,BWBT i5FO TJFNQSF FO UV NFOUF B UBDB -B
EFMUFBUSPBMBJSFMJCSFEPOEFTFSFBMJ[BFMNJUJOi&TF-F#BSOFT MMFHBEBBMMFTUVEFTUJOP1FSPOPBQSFTVSFTUVWJBKFFOBC
CVFOP
ZPRVJTJFSBIBCMBSBTDPNPMw
EJDF
FOUPOPSFFYJWP TPMVUPw
"QBSUJSEFBIPSB
FMNPWJNJFOUPEFWDUJNBTNBMBCBSFB
FOUSF MB NPWJMJ[BDJO TPDJBM RVF JNQVMTBO BDUJWJTUBT DPNP
- 1JFUSP"NFHMJPP.JHVFMMWBSF[(OEBSB
EJSFDUPSEF4FS
WJDJPTZ"TFTPSBTQBSBMB1B[ 4FSBQB[
ZFMEJMPHPDPOFM
4JFUFEBTZNJMLJMNFUSPTEFTQVTEFTBMJSEFMB$JV HPCJFSOP
RVFQSPNVFWFOBDBENJDPTDPNP"MWBSF[*DB[BZ
EBE EF .YJDP
MB DBSBWBOB MMFHB B $JVEBE +VSF[
EPOEF $MBSB+VTJENBO
EFTUBDBEBJOWFTUJHBEPSBEFQPMUJDBTPDJBM
DJFOUPTEFQFSTPOBTTBMFOBMBTDBMMFTQBSBBUFTUJHVBSFMNP 4JDJMJBFYQMJDBSWBSJBTWFDFTRVFBNCBTFTUSBUFHJBTTPOMPT
NFOUP FO FM RVF -V[ .BSB %WJMB MF DPMPDB VO SPTBSJP BM EPTQJFTEFM.PWJNJFOUPQPSMB1B[ZRVFTUFBWBO[BDVBOEP
88 89
BOEBOBMNJTNPSJUNP4JVOPWBNTEFQSJTB
FMFTGVFS[P -PT SFDMBNPT EF MPT EFVEPT QBTBO B TFHVOEP USNJOP
iWBMESNBESFw DVBOEPFMQPFUB
FOVOHFTUPFTQPOUOFP
CFTBBMQSFTJEFOUF
1BSBCJFOZQBSBNBM
FMQPFUBUJFOFTJFNQSFMBMUJNBQB -PT SFFDUPSFT DBNCJBO EF PCKFUJWP
Z MB EJTDVTJO QCMJDB
MBCSB:QBSBNVDIPT
FMNPWJNJFOUPTFDPOWJFSUFFOFMFTUB EFMBTQSYJNBTTFNBOBTFTUBSFOFMCFTP
RVFQBSBNVDIPT
EPEFOJNPEF+BWJFS4JDJMJB FT DPNP FM iCFTP EF +VEBTw 4JDJMJB
IPNCSF EF QSPGVOEBT
i/PIBZUJFNQPQBSBDPOTUSVJSVOMJEFSB[HPDPMFDUJWP: DPOWJDDJPOFTDBUMJDBT
MPEFGFOEFSBQBSUJSEFMDPOTQJSBUJP
NFOPT VO SFMFWPw
FYQMJDB $BSMPT $SV[
EJSFDUPS EF $BVDF FTFJOUFSDBNCJPEFBMJFOUPTEFMBQSJNFSBMJUVSHJBDSJTUJBOB
$JVEBEBOP
VOBEFMBTPSHBOJ[BDJPOFTMBJDBTNTBDUJWBT
*** -
%FTQVTEF+VSF[
FMHSVQPTFDPODFOUSBFOQSFQBSBSFMEJ
MPHPQSPQVFTUPQPSFMQSFTJEFOUF$BMEFSO
RVFTFQSPHSBNB /FQPNVDFOP.PSFOPMMFHBBQSFTVSBEPBMSFTUBVSBOUFZTFTJFO
QBSBFMEFKVOJPFOFM"MD[BSEFM$BTUJMMPEF$IBQVMUFQFD UBFOMBNFTB4FWFBOJNBEP-PBDBCBOEFFOUSFWJTUBSMPTEF
&TVOFODVFOUSPJOTMJUP%FVOMBEP
FMQPFUB
FMSBODIFSP &NFSHFODJB.9
VO DPMFDUJWP EF KWFOFT VOJEP FTQPOUOFB
OPSUFPRVFQFSEJBVOIFSNBOP
MBNVKFSRVFCVTDBBDVBUSP NFOUFBMNPWJNJFOUPQBSBEPDVNFOUBSMBTDBSBWBOBT
IJKPT
MBNBESFEFVOQPMJDBEFTBQBSFDJEP
FMSFQSFTFOUBOUFEFM i4
FTUPZDPOUFOUPw
EJDF
NJFOUSBTBMNVFS[BVOPTDIJMB
QVFCMPJOEHFOBBDVBSUFMBEPQBSBEFGFOEFSTFZMBNBESFEFVOB RVJMFTDPOCJTUFD
KPWFOBTFTJOBEBFO+VSF[%FMPUSP
FMQSFTJEFOUFDPOTVFTQPTB &MMPDBM
FOMBDBSSFUFSBRVFDSV[BFMQVFCMPEF&M$BNBSO
ZWBSJPTTFDSFUBSJPTEF&TUBEP/PFTUFMKFGFEFM&KSDJUP FO0BYBDB
FTUDBTJWBDP&TFMEFTFQUJFNCSF
DVBSUPEB
/BEJF MF IB EJDIP B VO QSFTJEFOUF EF .YJDP MP RVF MF EFMBTFHVOEBDBSBWBOBEFWDUJNBT
BIPSBSVNCPBMTVS
EJDFOFODBEFOBOBDJPOBMRVJFOFTIBOFOUFSSBEPBTVTIJKPT
.JFOUSBTFTQFSBNPTMBDVFOUB
/FQPNFNVFTUSBEFOVF
RVJFOFTOPUJFOFOVOBUVNCBEPOEFMMPSBSTVTNVFSUPT
RVJF WPMBTGPUPHSBGBTEFTVIJKP&TVOBNBOB$PNPTJBMFOTF
OFT OP EVFSNFO QPS FM NJFEP B TFS BTFTJOBEPT "RVFMMPT B BSMBTQVEJFSBFYPSDJ[BSTVEPMPS
RVJFOFTMMBNiCBKBTDPMBUFSBMFTw $VBOEPMBTHVBSEBMFQSFHVOUPBMHPRVFIBDFEBTNFEB
'SFOUF B MB EFGFOTB BQBTJPOBEB EF $BMEFSO EF MB TFHVSJ WVFMUBT
EBENJMJUBS
-F#BSOMFSFDVFSEBRVFiMBWJPMFODJBOPUFSNJOB {:TVFTQPTB
EPO/FQP
OVODBDPOWJPMFODJBwZMFQJEFSFDUJDBS
QBSBOPTFSiSFDPS &MMBOPWJFOF
FTUPMFIBQFHBEPNVDIP
BWFDFTOJTJ
EBEPDPNPFMQSFTJEFOUFEFMPTNJMNVFSUPTw%FQBTP
MP RVJFSBRVJFSFTBMJSEFMBDBNB
JOWJUBBVOJSTFiTJONTDBSBTZTJOBSNBTwBMB$BSBWBOBQPS %FTQVTEFDJODPNFTFTEFDBNJOBSKVOUPBMPTEFVEPT
MB1B[
RVFBIPSBBOVODJBJSBMTVS FMBDUJWJTNPEFMPTQBESFTFTBMHPRVFMMBNBMBBUFODJO-BT
90 91
NBESFTFTUOZQBSUJDJQBO1FSPMPTQBESFTTPOQSPUBHPOJT i5w
UBT&TDPNPTJ4JDJMJB
BMNPTUSBSTVEPMPS
MFTIVCJFSBEBEP
QFSNJTPEFMMPSBSBPUSPTQBESFT $IJBQBTFTDMBWFQBSBMBPSHBOJ[BDJOEFWDUJNBT%FTEFFM
4POWBSJPTMPTRVFCVTDBO&MWFSBDSV[BOP$BSMPT$BTUSP BM[BNJFOUP[BQBUJTUBEF
OPTFIBCBWJTUPVOBBDUJWJEBE
DBNJOBFOMBTNBSDIBTDPOVOBFOPSNFNBOUBRVFNVFTUSB UBOGVFSUFDPNPBIPSB&O0DPTJOHP
FMEFTFQUJFNCSF
MBTGPUPHSBGBTEFDVBUSPNVKFSFTTVFTQPTB
+PTFOB$BNQJ GSBZ(PO[BMP*UVBSUF
IFSFEFSPEFMBMVDIBEF4BNVFM3VJ[
MMP
TVTEPTIJKBT
+PBOBZ$BSMB
Z"SBDFMJ6USFSB
USBCBKBEPSB PGSFDFVOBDFSFNPOJBFOU[PU[JM&OMBWTQFSB
FOFM5FBUSPEF
EPNTUJDBi`3FHSTFONFBNJGBNJMJBw
TFMFF6OEBWPMWJ MB$JVEBEEF4BO$SJTUCBMEFMBT$BTBTTFFODPOUSBSPOFM
BDBTBZFMMBTIBCBOEFTBQBSFDJEP EPMPSEFMOPSUF
QPSMBFTUBEFTBOHSFEFMTFYFOJP
DPOFMEPMPS
&M OFPMFPOT 3PCFSUP (BMWO CVTDB B TV IJKP
3PCFSUP EFMTVS
QPSMBWJPMFODJBRVFQSPWPDBFMBCBOEPOPJOTUJUVDJP
(BMWO-MPQ
VOBKFESFDJTUBEFBPTEFTBQBSFDJEPFOFOF OBM
SPEF
USBTTFSEFUFOJEPQPSQPMJDBT*EFOUJDBEPQPS 6OBDPNJUJWBEFWDUJNBTFODBCF[BEBQPS-F#BSOWBB
TVHSBOBMUVSBZUSBUPBNBCMF
(BMWOOPGBMMBBVOBDJUBEFM "DUFBM
MBDPNVOJEBEEPOEFGVFSPONBTBDSBEPTJOEHF
NPWJNJFOUPZFT
RVJ[
RVJFOEFOFDPONTDMBSJEBEMBJN OBTFOEJDJFNCSFEF0USPHSVQPTFRVFEDPO4JDJMJB
QPSUBODJBEFMNPWJNJFOUPEFWDUJNBTi"OUFTEFFTUBSBRV
QBSBFODPOUSBSTFDPOMB+VOUBEF#VFO(PCJFSOPEF0WFOUJD
FMFYQFEJFOUFEFNJIJKPFSBVOBDVBSUJMMB"IPSBUJFOFNT /FQPNVDFOP.PSFOPFTUFOFTUFHSVQPZBOUFTEFFOUSBS
EF5PEBWBOPFODVFOUSPBNJIJKP
QFSPBMNFOPT
ZBMPT DVFOUBMBIJTUPSJBEFTVIJKPEFTBQBSFDJEPBMPT[BQBUJTUBTRVF
QVTFBUSBCBKBSw
EJDFFO*HVBMB SFTHVBSEBOFMBDDFTPEFMDBSBDPM
5BNQPDPGBMMBFMNFYJRVFOTF.FMDIPS'MPSFT
QBESFEFMBS &M TPOPSFOTF OVODB JNBHJO DPOPDFS FTUF PUSP .YJDP
UJTUBBNCVMBOUF.FMDIPS'MPSFT)FSOOEF[
&M7BRVFSP(BMD "OUFT
MPT[BQBUJTUBTFSBOVOPTFODBQVDIBEPTRVFWFBFOMBT
UJDP
EFUFOJEPZEFTBQBSFDJEPQPSQPMJDBTNVOJDJQBMFTFO.PO OPUJDJBT "IPSB
/FQP TBMF EFM FODVFOUSP JNQSFTJPOBEP QPS
UFSSFZ%VFSNFFOFMTVFMP
DPNFUPSUBTEFKBNOZTFCBBDPO TVEJHOJEBEZQSFTVNFVOBTGPUPTFMMPTDPOQBTBNPOUBBT
M
NBOHVFSBFOMPTFTQBDJPTIBCJMJUBEPTDPNPEPSNJUPSJPT DPOTVDBSUFM
&OMPTUSBZFDUPT
3PCFSUP(BMWO
.FMDIPS'MPSFTZ/F 1FSPIBZVOBNCJFOUFFYUSBPFOFTUBDBSBWBOBBMTVS"
QPNVDFOP.PSFOPTFIBOIFDIPBNJHPT&MDBSDUFSGSBODP NFEJPDBNJOP
OPFTDMBSPFMPCKFUJWPEFFTUBSVUB:MBDP
EFMTPOPSFOTF
BDJPOBEPBMPTDIJTUFTiQFMBPTw
MPTIBDFSFS CFSUVSBNFEJUJDBCBKB
FONFEJPEFMEPMPS &O$JVEBE)JEBMHP
4JDJMJBFOGVSFDFDPOMBTQSFHVOUBT
i&MNPWJNJFOUPOPTIBIFDIPGVFSUFTw
NFEJDF/FQP
FOMB EFEPTSFQPSUFSPTi"RVBOBEJFTFMFUSBFBMBGVFS[BTJMFT
QBSBEBEF&M$BNBSO QBSFDFRVFTPNPTNBKBEFSPTQVFEFOJSTF
OPTPUSPTOPMPTJO
WJUBNPTw
MFTHSJUBOUFMBTDNBSBT-BJNBHFOTFSFYQMPUBEB
92 93
IBTUBFMDBOTBODJPFOMBUFMFWJTJO4JDJMJBOFDFTJUBBMPTNF i%JPTOPMPRVJFSB
QFSPDBTJOVODBNFFRVJWPDPNFWBOBNBUBS
EJPTQFSPEFUFTUBRVFMPBDPTFOi/PTPZ-BEZ(BHBw
SFDMBN NVZQSPOUPw
VOBWF[BMPTGPUHSBGPTRVFMPQFSTFHVBODPNPQBQBSB[[JT -BQMUJDBTFEFUJFOFNJFOUSBTTFMJNQJBMBTMHSJNBT4BCF
1PSRVF4JDJMJBOPFTTMPVOQBESFRVFMMPSBPVOQPFUBRVF RVFFOFTUFQBTFYJHJSKVTUJDJBQVFEFTFSDPOEFOBEFNVFSUF
DBMMB&TVOMEFSRVFOPRVJFSFTFSMEFSEFVONPWJNJFOUP i1TFNFMPRVFNFQBTFOPWPZBEFKBSEFQFMFBSy/PFTWJEB
QPMUJDPRVFOPRVJFSFTFSQPMUJDPi5BNCJOTPZWDUJNBw
UFMFWBOUBTZQJFOTBT&OUPEPFMEBOPEFKBTEFQFOTBS:PBOEP
SFDMBNBDPOTUBOUFNFOUF DPOFMMPTUPEPFMUJFNQPFO)FSNPTJMMPMPTUSBJHPFOFMDBSSP
MPT
MMFWPBMBNJTB
QMBUJDPDPOFMMPTywEJDFSFSJOEPTFBMPTNVDIB
DIPTRVFMMFWBFOFMDBSUFMi&TNVZEVSP
OPMPEFTFPBOBEJF
- 1FSPBIWPZBFTUBS
OPMFIBDF
TJNFWPZDPOM
QVFTOPMFIBDFw
-BNJDIPBDBOB.BSB)FSSFSBPSHBOJ[BBMPTQBESFTZNBESFT
QBSBDBOUBSBTVTBVTFOUFTi"NPSFUFSOPw
EF+VBO(BCSJFM 1
-VFHP
BEBQUBMBMFUSBEFi-BCFMMB-PMBwBTVOVFWBWJEB5P
EPTDBOUBOFOFMDBNJOi:OPTPUSPTMPTDBSBWBOFSPTIFNPT -BCBTFEFMOHFMEFMB*OEFQFOEFODJB
FOMB$JVEBEEF.YJ
IFDIPVOCBSRVJUPEFSVFEBTQBMVDIBSTPCSFMBDBSSFUFSB DP
FTUDPOWFSUJEBFODBNQPTBOUP$JODPNJMDSVDFT
PSFTZ
QVFTZBOPTFQVFEFWJWJSFOMBHVFSSBw WFMBEPSBTDVCSFOFMTNCPMPEFMBOBDJONFYJDBOBJOEFQFO
&OFMMUJNPBTJFOUPEFMBVUPCT
/FQPSFQJUFBVOPTSF EJFOUF
FOMBUSBEJDJPOBMFTUBEFNVFSUPT%FTEFFTBWFMBEB
QPSUFSPT MB SFDPNFOEBDJO RVF IBDF B RVJFO MP FOUSFWJTUB MEJDPFTQJSJUVBMTFFTDVDIBFMDBOUPEFEPTNVKFSFTJTMNJDBT
iDVBOEPQVCMJRVFTEFNJIJKP
NFNBOEBTVODPSSFP:MVF RVFBOUFDFEFOBVOQBTUPS
HPMFFTDSJCFTBMHPCFSOBEPSEF4POPSBRVFZBTBCFTMPRVF -P RVF B DPOUJOVBDJO TF WF FO FM 1BTFP EF MB 3FGPSNB
QBTy{/PTFUFPMWJEB 5BMWF[TJWFORVFNTHFOUFTBCFMP QPESBTFSVOTVFPCVVFMJTUBFMGPOEPEFMBFTDFOBFTDPN
RVFQBT
NFEJHBOEOEFFTUNJIJKPw QBSUJEPFOUSFFMOHFMBMBEPJOEFQFOEFOUJTUBZFMDPSQPSBUJWP
"OUFT EF TVNBSTF BM NPWJNJFOUP OJOHO QFSJPEJTUB FO CBODBSJPEF)4#$"OUFFMNPOVNFOUP
EFDFOBTEFBDUJWJT
4POPSBMFIBDBDBTP:EFTQVTEFWBSJPTNFTFTEFQSPUFTUBT UBTIJODBEPTTPCSFFMBTGBMUP
NJFOUSBTFMTBDFSEPUFDBUMJDP
FO)FSNPTJMMP
IJ[PTVQSPQJBFODVFTUBQBSBTBCFSRVJODP BSSJCB EFM UFNQMFUF DBNCJB FM iMCSBOPT EF UPEP NBMw QPS
OPDBEFMDBTPEFTVIJKP/BEJFTBCBOBEB iMCSBOPTEFMTJMFODJPDNQMJDFw
)BCMBEFMBTQFSTFDVDJPOFTZIPTUJHBNJFOUPTTVGSJEPTQPSFYJ -BTJNHFOFTEFFTUFEFPDUVCSFEFTPOQPTJCMFT
HJSKVTUJDJB"TVIJKPNBZPSMPFODBSDFMBSPOJOKVTUBNFOUFZTVIJKB HSBDJBTBMBT*HMFTJBTQPSMB1B[
VOBFTQFDJFEFDPODJMJPFDV
EFCJEFKBSTVUSBCBKP$BTJBMOBM
DPOFTBVOQSFTFOUJNJFOUP NOJDPRVFIBBDPNQBBEPMBTNPWJMJ[BDJPOFT
94 95
4JMBHVSBEFQBESFEPMJFOUFEF4JDJMJBFYQMJDBMBJODPS QMB[B
GSFOUFBM1BMBDJPEF(PCJFSOPEF.PSFMPT
3PDBUP#BCMPU
QPSBDJOEFPUSPTDPNPM
TVBCJFSUPDBUPMJDJTNPSFBDUJWFM BNJHPZFEJUPSEFMQPFUB
QSFQBSVOBMBSHBKPSOBEBEFBDUJWJEBEFT
OJNPEFHSVQPTSFMJHJPTPTQSPHSFTJTUBT
RVFEBOCBTFPSHB ZMPTJOUFHSBOUFTEFMNPWJNJFOUPMMPSBOQPSMPTNJMFTEFBTFTJ
OJ[BUJWBBMBTDBSBWBOBTQPSMBQB[ZBDPNQBBOMFHBMNFOUFB OBEPTZEFTBQBSFDJEPTEFMTFYFOJPBMPUSPFYUSFNP
EFDFOBTEF
MBTWDUJNBT3QJEPOPTBDPTUVNCSBNPTBWFSTPUBOBT
DSV QFSTPOBTQBTFBOZSFO
BKFOBTBMBEFTHSBDJBZBMBPSHBOJ[BDJO
DFTZFTDBQVMBSJPT
ZFTDPUJEJBOBMBQSFTFODJBEFSFMJHJPTPTEF 4JDJMJBIBDFVODPSUFEFDBKBFOVOBP
FMNPWJNJFOUP
MBUFPMPHBEFMBMJCFSBDJO SFBMJ[NTEFBDDJPOFT
RVFJODMVZFODBSBWBOBT
EPT
:IBZVOBUFSDFSBEJNFOTJOEFMNPWJNJFOUPEFWDUJNBT FODVFOUSPTDPOFMFKFDVUJWP
VOPDPOFMMFHJTMBUJWPZVOBBV
MJHBEBOUJNBNFOUFBMBQFSTPOBMJEBEEF4JDJMJBMBBSUTUJDB EJFODJBBOUFMB$PNJTJO*OUFSBNFSJDBOBEF%FSFDIPT)V
i&TUFNPWJNJFOUPFTEFMBSHPQMB[P
QPSRVFMPRVFTFFTU NBOPT5JFOFQSFTFODJBFOFTUBEPTZPUSBTDJVEBEFTEF
CVTDBOEP FT VOB USBOTGPSNBDJO QSPGVOEB
RVF SFBMNFOUF QBTFT
DPOBDDJPOFTBQPZBEBTQPSPSHBOJ[BDJPOFTDJWJMFT
UPRVFMPTDPSB[POFTEFMBHFOUFw
BTFHVSBFMBDUPS%BOJFM(J ZDPMFDUJWPTMPDBMFTFJOUFSOBDJPOBMFTEFBDUPSFT
DSFBEPSFT
QF
NOF[$BDIP
VOPEFTVTQSJODJQBMFTBMJBEPT SJPEJTUBT Z EPDVNFOUBMJTUBT "EFNT
FTU FO DVSTP MB -FZ
-BTNBOJGFTUBDJPOFTBSUTUJDBTIBOBDPNQBBEPBMPTDB (FOFSBMEF7DUJNBTZTFQSFQBSBQBSBBHPTUPVOBDBSBWBOB
SBWBOFSPTFOTVMVDIBQPSMBKVTUJDJB"SUJTUBTBOOJNPTPBD B&TUBEPT6OJEPTQBSBEFNBOEBSBMHPCJFSOPEFFTFQBTVO
UJWJTUBTTPMJEBSJPTSFQBSUJFSPOHSVMMBTQPSMBQB[
QJOUBSPOEF NBZPSDPOUSPMFOFMUSDPEFBSNBT
SPKPTBOHSFMBTGVFOUFT
CPSEBSPOMPTOPNCSFTEFMPTBVTFOUFT i/PEFKBSFNPTEFDBNJOBSw
BEWJFSUFFMQPFUB
PDPMHBSPONVFDPTEFUSBQP
FOSFQSFTFOUBDJOBMPTBTFTJ .TRVFMBOVNFSBMJB
MBQSJODJQBMWJSUVEEFMNPWJNJFOUP
OBEPTEFMTFYFOJP
FOQVFOUFTEF.POUFWJEFPZ#BSDFMPOB GVFQPOFSFOMBBHFOEBEFMQBTBMBTWDUJNBTEFMBHVFSSB
&ODBEBQMB[BTFMFZFSPOQPFNBTZTFDBOUBSPODBODJPOFT 3PNQFSTVTJMFODJP-BNPWJMJ[BDJOEFMPTEFVEPTDPMPDFO
&OFOFSPEF
FMNPWJNJFOUPQSFTFOUMBDBNQBBi&O FMDFOUSPEFMEFCBUFMBFNFSHFODJBZWPMWJBNPWJMJ[BSBDP
MPT[BQBUPTEFMPUSPw
VOBTFSJFEFTQPUTEPOEFSFDPOPDJEPTBDUPSFT
MFDUJWPTZDJVEBEBOPTRVFFTUBCBOBMFUBSHBEPT:BOPQVEP
DPNP(JNOF[$BDIP
QSFTUBOTVSPTUSPQBSBEBSFMUFTUJNPOJP POPRVJTPJSNTMFKPT
EFBMHVOBWDUJNB&OUSFFMMPT
FMEF/FQPNVDFOP.PSFOP &OGFCSFSPEF
-F#BSO
RVJFOIBCBTJEPQJMBSEFM
HSVQP
IJ[PQCMJDBTVEFDJTJOEFEFTWJODVMBSTFEFMNPWJ
NJFOUPQPSDPOTJEFSBSRVFBCBOEPOFMNUPEPFGFDUJWPEFMB
- NPWJMJ[BDJODJVEBEBOBZTFDPOWJSUJFOJOUFSMPDVUPSEFQBS
UJEPTQPMUJDPTZHPCJFSOPT
&TUFEFNBS[PEF
DVBOEPTFDVNQMFVOBPEFMBTF i4J KVFHBT DPO BMHVJFO Z OVODB MF QVFEFT HBOBS QPSRVF
TJOBUPEF+VBO'SBODJTDP4JDJMJB
FTVOEBEFDPOUSBTUFT&OMB TJFNQSFIBDFDIBQV[BTPTPCPSOBBMPTSCJUSPT
MBTPMVDJOFT
96 97
OPKVHBSw
FYQMJDBFMDIJIVBIVFOTFi&YJHJSMFBMBBVUPSJEBE MBKVTUJDJBQBSBTV+PSHF.BSJP%BTBOUFTIBCBEJDIPRVF
FTDPNPEBSMFMBUJHB[PTBVOBNVMBNVFSUBPCPSSBDIB/P QFOTBCBJSTFB5JKVBOB
QPSRVFIBCBOBSSFDJBEPMBTBNFOB
TF NVFWF
QPSRVF OP QVFEF &MMPT MPT HPCFSOBOUFT
TPO FM [BTQPSTVTEFOVODJBT
QSPCMFNBw /FQP OP IB TJEP MB OJDB QSEJEB EFM NPWJNJFOUP QPS
0USPRVFZBOPTFHVJSEFTQVTEFFTUFEBFT.BHEJFM4O MBQB[%FTQVTGVFSPOBTFTJOBEPT1FESP-FZWBZ5SJOJEBE
DIF[i&MNPWJNJFOUPPQUQPSMBHFTUJOEFMPTDBTPTEFMBT EF MB $SV[
MEFSFT DBNQFTJOPT EF 4BOUB .BSB 0TUVMB
FO
WDUJNBT.FQBSFDFMJNJUBEPQBSBFMUBNBPEFMBFNFSHFODJB .JDIPBDO-PTFDPMPHJTUBT&WB"MBSDOZ.BSDJBM#BVUJTUB
ZQBSBMBTQSPQJBTFYQFDUBUJWBTRVFIBCBHFOFSBEP
QFSPBTTF FTUOEFTBQBSFDJEPT/JOHODBTPTFIBSFTVFMUP
EFDJEJw %VSBOUFFMDBTJBPZNFEJPRVFCVTDBTVIJKP
/FQPSF
&MQSPCMFNB
SFDPOPDFOMPTQSPQJPTJOUFHSBOUFTEFMDPMFD QJUJBRVJFORVJTPPSMPVOQFOTBNJFOUPBUSJCVJEPB#FSUPME
UJWP
FTMBGBMUBEFDBQBDJEBEQBSBBUFOEFSFMESBNBOBDJPOBM #SFUDIi1SJNFSPTFMMFWBSPOBMPTKVEPT
QFSPDPNPZPOP
&MQSPQJP4JDJMJBMPBENJUFFOVOBPTFSFHJTUSBSPONTEF FSBKVEP
OPNFJNQPSU%FTQVTTFMMFWBSPOBMPTDPNVOJT
DBTPT
BTFMFTFTUEBOEPTFHVJNJFOUPZTMPVOPFM UBT
QFSPDPNPZPOPFSBDPNVOJTUB
UBNQPDPNFJNQPSU
EFMFTUSFTVFMUP -VFHPTFMMFWBSPOBMPTPCSFSPT
QFSPDPNPZPOPFSBPCSFSP
&OFMQBTOPIBZUSFHVB%FTEFFMIPNJDJEJPEF+VBOFMP
UBNQPDPNFJNQPSU.TUBSEFTFMMFWBSPOBMPTJOUFMFDUVB
TFTVNBSPONJMBTFTJOBUPTBMTFYFOJPEFMBNVFSUF MFT
QFSPDPNPZPOPFSBJOUFMFDUVBM
UBNQPDPNFJNQPSU
"IPSBWJFOFOQPSN
QFSPZBFTEFNBTJBEPUBSEFw
***
-BMUJNBWF[RVFWJB/FQPNVDFOP.PSFOPGVFFOVOBSFV
OJOEFMNPWJNJFOUPQPSMBQB[
EBTEFTQVTEFMTFHVOEP
FODVFOUSPEFMBTWDUJNBTDPO$BMEFSO
&TFEFPDUVCSFEF
/FQPTFBDFSDBMQSFTJEFOUFZ
BOUFMBTDNBSBTEFUFMFWJTJO
MFFOUSFHVOBDPQJBEFMFYQF
EJFOUFEFTVIJKPi1PSEFOVODJBSBMBTBVUPSJEBEFTEFMFTUBEPEF
4POPSBBIPSJUBUFOHPBMPTTPMEBEPTBGVFSBEFMBDBTBw
MFEJKP
BOUFT EF NPTUSBSMF MB GPUPHSBGB EF +PSHF .BSJP $BMEFSO
BQFOBT MB NJS
Z QSPNFUJ SFWJTBS FM BTVOUP /P MP IJ[P
:EBTEFTQVT
BQMFOBMV[EFMEBZBVOBTDVBESBTEFM
QBMBDJPEF(PCJFSOPEF4POPSB
MFEJTQBSBSPOBRVFNBSSPQB
4JFUFEJTQBSPTDFHBSPOTVWJEB'VFBTFTJOBEPTJORVFMMFHBSB
98 99
5
.BSDFMB5VSBUJ
Marcela Turati es una periodista que escribe desde una mirada
social y con enfoque de derechos humanos. Es reportera de la
revista Proceso. Es cofundadora de la Red de Periodistas de a
Pie. Autora del libro 'VFHP$SV[BEPMBTWDUJNBTBUSBQBEBT
FOMBHVFSSBEFMOBSDP (Grijalbo) y co-autora de los libros colec-
tivos .JHSBDJPOFTWFNPTJOGBODJBTOPTBCFNPT (Ririki), -B
HVFSSBQPS+VSF[ (Planeta), NJHSBOUFT (Almada, frontera
press), -BMFZEFMDVFSOP (Puntocero), -PTHFOFSBMFT(Planeta),
/VFTUSBBQBSFOUFSFOEJDJO (Grijalbo) y BPTQPSUPEBTMBT
NVKFSFT (GIRE). Fue finalista del premio Nuevo Periodismo de
la FNPI y Cemex con una serie sobre la muerte de 14 migrantes BBKPMBTPNCSBEFVOGSPOEPTPSCPM
FOFMKBSEOEFMBDBTB
en el desierto de Arizona. Coordin la serie sobre nios jornale- EFSFUJSPTFTQJSJUVBMFTFOMBTBGVFSBTEFM%JTUSJUP'FEFSBM
VO
ros que gan el premio Amrica Latina y los Objetivos de Desa- HSVQP EF NBESFT DPO IJKPT EF EFTBQBSFDJEPT
Z VO QBS EF
rrollo del Milenio, del PNUD y la agencia IPS. Gan el Premio WBSPOFT
DPNQBSUFOTVTGSVTUSBEBTFYQFSJFODJBTEFCTRVFEB
Alemn de Periodismo Walter Reuter por dos reportajes sobre ZNBMEJDFOFMNVSPEFMBOFHMJHFODJBHVCFSOBNFOUBMDPOFM
familias que se organizan para buscar a sus familiares desapa- RVFIBOUPQBEP"MSFDPOPDFSTFIVSGBOPTEFBVUPSJEBEFTTF
recidos. Ha sido becaria de las fundaciones FNPI (Colombia), BCSFQBTPVOBQSPQVFTUB
Avina (Brasil), Prensa y Democracia (Mxico) y Dart Center 4BCFNPTRVFIBZDBWFSOBT
TJFSSBT
TFNCSBEPT
CPEF
(EU). Sus textos han aparecido en diversas antologas latinoa- HBTEPOEFUJFOFOTFDVFTUSBEBTBNVDIBTQFSTPOBTZBVORVF
mericanas. En 2004 y 2005 recorri redacciones de Latinoa- TF EB BWJTP B MB BVUPSJEBE
OP IBDF OBEB &T NPNFOUP EF
mrica en busca de las claves para hacer un periodismo que no QMBOFBSVOUSBCBKPEFDBNQPQBSBJSUPEPTBSFTDBUBSMBT
se quede en la denuncia, que abra caminos de esperanza y vas -B JEFB BUJ[B MBT CSBTBT EF MPT DPSB[POFT EF MBT NVKFSFT
para transformar la realidad, de cuyos apuntes naci el blog QSFTFOUFT
Periodismo de esperanza. El presente libro, del cual es motor y /PRVFEBEFPUSBMBTGBNJMJBTWBNPTBUFOFSRVFJSCBKP
coordinadora, es un intento por materializar ese periodismo que OVFTUSPTSFDVSTPTZOVFTUSPQSPQJPSJFTHPBSFTDBUBSMPT
BVORVF
explora lo posible. MPTRVFMPTUJFOFOFTUOBSNBEPT
103
-PQSPQPOFVOIPNCSFRVF
DPNPUPEBTBRV
IBTFHVJ VCJDBDJOFYBDUBEFMIJKPTFDVFTUSBEPZBVORVFEVSBOUFDVBUSP
EP MPT SBTUSPT RVF MPT BVTFOUFT EFKBSPO USBOTJU MB DBSSFUF NFTFT QJEJ BZVEB QBSB SFTDBUBSMP B MBT BVUPSJEBEFT NVOJ
SBEPOEFEFTBQBSFDJFSPOBUSFTEFTVGBNJMJBDPOVOHSVQP DJQBMFTZFTUBUBMFT
BMB1(3
MB.BSJOB
MB1PMJDB'FEFSBM
EFBNJHPTVCJDFMSBODIPEPOEFTVTDBQUPSFTMPTUVWJFSPO FM&KSDJUPZIBTUBMB1SFTJEFODJBEFMB3FQCMJDB
KBNTGVF
DPODFOUSBEPTQFJOMPTQVFCMPT
DFSSPTZCSFDIBTRVFFTUO FTDVDIBEPi`7FOJNPTQPSUJ
DPNQBw
FTDVDIBOUFTEFNP
FO MB QBTBEB DPOUBDU B UFTUJHPT QJEJ BZVEB JOUJMNFOUF SJSSBGBHVFBEP-BNJTNBTVFSUFDPSSJEFTQVTFMTPOPSFOTF
BQSPDVSBEPSFT
HPCFSOBOUFT
NJMJUBSFTZQPMJDBTIVSHFO /FQPNVDFOP.PSFOP
%PO/FQP
BTFTJOBEPQPSEFOVODJBS
GPTBT DPNVOFT EF EPOEF UPN GSBHNFOUPT EF IVFTPT RVF
BMPTDBQUPSFTEFTVIJKP
DVBOEPUFOHBEJOFSP
NBOEBSQBSBTVBOMJTJTHFOUJDPBVO {2VJOEFBRVOPIBIFDIPIBTUBMPJNQPTJCMF {2VJO
MBCPSBUPSJP4VFTGVFS[P
BOTJOSFTVMUBEPT OP TF IB NFUJEP FO MB DVFWB EFM MPCP `5PEPT EJDF VOB
/FDFTJUBNPTBTFTPSBTPCSFRVJOQVFEFBDPNQBBSOPT NVKFSEFMHSVQPBUBKBOEPBMNJFEP
QBSB MMFHBS B FTBT CPEFHBT TJO BSSJFTHBSOPT TVHJFSF FOUV 2VJFOFTSFDPSSFOMBTSVUBTEFMBEFTBQBSJDJOGPS[BEBFO
TJBTNBEBVOBEFMBTNBESFT .YJDP IBO FTDVDIBEP TPCSF MBT DBTBT EF TFHVSJEBE EPO
0USB TFPSB
RVF MMFWB TJFNQSF BGFSSBEB B MB TPMBQB EF TV EFMBHFOUFEJDFRVFMPTOBSDPUSBDBOUFTUJFOFOTFDVFTUSB
CMVTB
DFSDBEFTVDPSB[O
VOQSFOEFEPSDPOMBGPUPEFTVIJKP EBTBTVTQSFTBT
MPTDBNQPTEFDVMUJWPEPOEFMPTPCMJHBOB
VO KPWFO RVF IFSFE TVT NJTNBT DFKBT UVQJEBT JOUFOUB TFNCSBSNBSJIVBOBDPNPFTDMBWPT
MBTCPEFHBTEPOEFMPT
EFWPMWFSMFTMBDPSEVSB DPODFOUSBO DPNP NFSDBODB FO UBOUP EFDJEFO TV EFTUJOP
4JZBUFOFNPTBVOGBNJMJBSEFTBQBSFDJEP
{WBNPTBFY MBT SFQSFTBT
UJSPT EF NJOB
CBSSJMFT DPO DJEPT P UFSSFOPT
QPOFSBMPTPUSPT `4JWBNPTZOPTEFTBQBSFDFOSFTVMUBSQFPS CBMEPT EPOEF TF EFTIBDFO EF MPT DBEWFSFT 4BCFO EF MPT
{2VPUSPQJODIFNUPEPEFCTRVFEBIBZ `/PIBZ DFOUSPTEFUPSUVSBEPOEFFM&KSDJUPDPODFOUSBBTPTQFDIP
FNCJTUFFMJODVCBEPSEFMBJEFB TPT
EFMPTFOUJFSSPTDMBOEFTUJOPTFOMPTDVBSUFMFTNJMJUBSFT
-BDFSUF[BEFTBCFSTFTJOTBMJEBTMFHBMFTBCPOBMBMMVWJBEF 1FSPTJFTUOBRV
FOFTUFFODVFOUSP
FTQPSRVFTJFOUFORVF
JEFBT"MHVOBTVHJFSFDPHFSQBMBTZFYDBWBSEPOEFTFEJDFRVF TVGBNJMJBSFTUWJWP
IBZGPTBTDMBOEFTUJOBTQBSBBWFSHPO[BSBMHPCJFSOPZPCMJHBS 6OBOPSUFBBSSFCBUBEBRVFTFIBDPMBEPBQFOBMFTEFBMUB
MPBBDUVBSPUSBIBCMBEFDPOWPDBSBUPEPTMPTNFYJDBOPTEF TFHVSJEBEBQSFHVOUBSBTJDBSJPTQPSFMQBSBEFSPEFTVIJKPZ
CVFOB WPMVOUBE QBSB JS KVOUPT B SFTDBUBS B MPT NVDIBDIPT RVFBQBUBEBTTFBCSFQVFSUBTQBSBIBDFSTFFTDVDIBSFOP
BMHVOBNTQSPQPOFJOWJUBSBQFSJPEJTUBTQBSBBSNBSVOFT DJOBTEFQPMUJDPTZIBTUBFOMBEFMBFTQPTBEFM1SFTJEFO
DOEBMPJOUFSOBDJPOBM UF
TFJNBHJOBMBBDDJODPMFDUJWB:EFTQVTEFNBOPTFBS
1SFPDVQBEB
VOBTFPSBFWPDBFMUSHJDPEFTUJOPEF-FPQPM VOSBUPFOMBNFOUFMBJEFBEFFOUSBSFOUVSCBBVOBEFFTBT
EP7BMFO[VFMB&TDPCBS
%PO1PMP
FMEVSBOHVFOTFRVFTBCBMB HVBSJEBTEFTJDBSJPTTVHJFSF
104 105
{:TJBQSFOEFNPTQSJNFSPUJSPBMCMBODPQBSBEFQFSEJEB EBUPRVFBMHVOPTMPFTUJNBOFONJMZPUSPTFONJM
EFGFOEFSOPTDVBOEPOPTNBUFO OPUJFOFVOGVOEBNFOUPDJFOUDP$VBMRVJFSDJGSBFTEBEB
4JMFODJP -B EJTDVTJO BDBCB EF BHPUBSTF 4BCFO RVF OP QPSWMJEBQPSMPDPNOEFFTUBQSDUJDBEFDBQUVSBSHFOUFZ
BQSFOEFSOUJSPBMCMBODPOJFOUSBSOKVOUPTBSFTDBUBSBOB BSSBODBSMBQBSBTJFNQSFEFTVQSPQJBWJEB
PMFWBOUBSMB
DPNP
EJF"VORVFMPEFTFBO"VORVFSVNJFOFTBJEFB
FOVOBZ TFEJDFFOFMBSHPUEFMOBSDP:BT
TJONT
EFVOTFHVOEP
PUSBSFVOJO
DBEBWF[RVFUPDBOMPTMNJUFTEFMBEFTFTQFSB BPUSPVOWFUFSJOBSJPEFKBEFFTUBS
VOPTIJKPTTFRVFEBOTJO
DJO$PNPIPZ$PNPTJFNQSF NBN4FFTGVNBOUPEPTMPTWBSPOFTEFVOBGBNJMJB
UPEPT
MPTQBTBKFSPTEFVOBVUPCTPMPTTJOEJDBMJ[BEPTEFVOBQB
SBFTUBUBM
& 1PSRVFMMFWBSTFHFOUF
FTGVNBSMB
iMFWBOUBSMBw
FTVOBFTUSB
UFHJBEFHVFSSB
.JMFTTPOMBTNBESFTPFTQPTBTRVFUPEPTMPTEBTTFMFWBOUBO &MNUPEPOPFTOPWFEPTP&OMBHVFSSBTVDJBEFMPTBPT
FWPDBOEP BM GBNJMJBS BVTFOUF /P QBTB EB TJO RVF FMMBT TF FSBOEFTBQBSFDJEPTMPTPQPTJUPSFTQPMUJDPT
KWFOFTFOTV
QSFHVOUFOTJFTUPSUVSBEPTJDPNJ
TJiMPFTUOBQSPWFDIBO NBZPSB &O MB BDUVBM
TPO FTGVNBEPT MPT WBSPOFT FO FEBE
EPw&OMPTEBTEFMMVWJBi{TFFTUBSNPKBOEP w
ZBMBNB QSPEVDUJWBZHFOFSBMNFOUFTJOMJBDJPOFTQPMUJDBT/PTFTBCF
BOB TJHVJFOUF i{BNBOFDJ FOGFSNP w &O OPDIFT USJTUFT MBT QBSBRV5FPSBTIBZNVDIBTQBSBFOHSPTBSMPTNFSNBEPT
BUPSNFOUBQFOTBSFOTVDVFSQPUJSBEPFODVBMRVJFSNPOUF0 FKSDJUPTEFOBSDPT
QBSBUSBCBKPTJMDJUPTGPS[BEPT
QBSBUSBDBS
TJFMFKSDJUPMPUPSUVSIBTUBMBBHPOBPMPUJFOFFOVOBDSDFM DPO TVT SHBOPT
QBSB BQSPWFDIBNJFOUP TFYVBM
QBSB TBDBS
DMBOEFTUJOB1BHBOGPSUVOBTBFTUBGBEPSFTRVFMFTQSPNFUFO EJOFSPFOFYUPSTJPOFT
QBSBMJNQJBSFMQBTEFEFMJODVFOUFT
SFTDBUBSMPT P SFDVSSFO B WJEFOUFT Z CSVKBT QBSB TBCFS DNP QBSB EFKBS B MB DPNVOJEBE FO DPOGVTJO
QPS NFUFSTF DPO
FTUO%FTEFRVFFMTFSBNBEPOPMMFHBDBTBTFDPOWJSUJFSPO RVJFOOPEFCBO
QPSFTUBSFOFMMVHBSFRVJWPDBEPBMBIPSB
FOONBEBT.PWJEBTQPSMBTMFZFTEFMDPSB[O
SFDPSSFOFM FSSOFBP
BNBOFSBQSFWFOUJWB
QBSBRVFOPFOHSPTFOMBTMBT
QBTQFJOBOEPQSPDVSBEVSBT
DBSSFUFSBT
IPTQJUBMFT
DSDFMFT
EFBMHODSUFMFOFNJHP
NPSHVFT
DFNFOUFSJPT
CBMEPTZGPTBTDPNVOFT1FSPOPMPT %VSBOUFMPTQSJNFSPTBPTEFMTFYFOJP
MBTNBESFTQBSF
FODVFOUSBO DBOVOB1JFEBEJODPNQMFUBMMPSBOEPFOMPTSJODPOFTQPSFM
$BMDVMBSMBT FO NJMFT OP FT FYBHFSBEP 4F FTUJNB RVF IJKPRVFOPQVFEFOUFOFSFOCSB[PT&TDPOEJEBT
QPSRVFMPT
NJM QFSTPOBT IBO TJEP EFTBQBSFDJEBT FO .YJDP EVSBOUF FM EFTBQBSFDJEPT TPO TPTQFDIPTPT EF TV EFTUJOP 1PSRVF DBEB
TFYFOJPFOFMRVF'FMJQF$BMEFSOEFDMBSMBHVFSSBDPOUSB WF[ RVF BDVEFO B MB QSPDVSBEVSB FTDVDIBO QSFHVOUBT RVF
FMOBSDPUSDP
NBOEBVOJGPSNBEPTBDB[BSEFMJODVFOUFT QBSFDFOTBDBEBTEFVONJTNPNBOVBMQBSBDVMQBCJMJ[BSMBT
FOMBTDBMMFTZMBWJPMFODJBTFEFTBUDPNPCFTUJBBTFTJOB&M i4FPSB
{FO RV BOEBCB NFUJEP TV IJKP {/P MP WJP DPO
106 107
NVDIPEJOFSP 4FHVSPTVFTQPTPMBEFKQPSPUSBNTCVF .
OBy-PTRVFMPUJFOFOMFIBOEFFTUBSQBHBOEPCJFOBTRVF
OPDIJMMFy4JEFOVODJBTFMMFWBSOBTVTPUSPTIJKPT
NFKPS 5JKVBOB
#BKB$BMJGPSOJB
NBZPEF1PDPBQPDP
BGVF
DVJEFBMPTRVFMFRVFEBOy"DFQUFFTUPTIVFTPTBVORVFOP SB EFM UFSSFOP CBMEP TFMMBEP DPNP FTDFOB EFM DSJNFO
WBO
TFBOEFMRVFZBPUSPTRVJTJFSBOUFOFSVODVFSQPRVFFOUF BQBSFDJFOEP DSVDFT Z WFMBEPSBT Z GBNJMJBT RVF FMFWBO SF[PT
SSBSyw-BDSVFMEBEDPNPNUPEPEFJOWFTUJHBDJO ZNJSBOIBDJBBEFOUSP&TFMMPUFEPOEFPQFSBCBFMUFNJCMF
&MEFNBZPEFDJFOUPTEF1JFEBEFTNBSDIBSPOKVO i1P[PMFSPw
FMIPNCSFRVFDPOGFTIBCFSEJTVFMUP
QPSJOT
UBT QPS MBT BWFOJEBT EF MB $JVEBE EF .YJDP
SFDMBNBSPO B USVDDJPOFT EF OBSDPUSBDBOUFT
B DJFOUPT EF QFSTPOBT DPDJ
HSJUPTMPTIJKPTSPCBEPTEFMOJEP
IBSUBTEFQFEJSBMBKVTUJDJBRVF OBEBTDPODJEPTFOUBNCPTNFUMJDPT-BTGBNJMJBT
EFTEF
JOWFTUJHVFZEFTVSUJSQJTUBTBMPTTDBMFT1BSFDBOVOJGPSNBEBT FOUPODFT
OPEFKBSOEFNPWJMJ[BSTF
WJTUJFOEPMBDBNJTFUBZMBQBODBSUBDPOMBGPUPEFMNVDIBDIP
EFMBKPWFODJUBDPOTVTNJTNBTGBDDJPOFT)BCMBCBODPOVO 4BMUJMMP
$PBIVJMB
EJDJFNCSFEF&TUBUBSEF
FOMBTP
MFOHVBKFIJMWBOBEPDPONFODJPOFTBDPSB[POFTSPUPT
WJFO DJOBTEFMBEJDFTJT
TFSFOFOQPSQSJNFSBWF[DVBUSPGBNJMJBT
USFTWBDPT
EPMPSFTEFMBMNB
DBNJOPTSFHBEPTDPOMHSJNBT
RVFCVTDBOBQFSTPOBTFYUSBWJBEBTFOFMFTUBEP6OVOJWFS
WJEBTIFDIBTQFEB[PT-MPSBCBOIBTUBDVBOEPEFTQPUSJDBCBO TJUBSJPCVTDBBVOIFSNBOPZBVOTPCSJOPVOBNBFTUSBBTV
DPOUSBFMHPCJFSOPRVFRVJFSFWFSMBTFOMPRVFDJEBT FTQPTP
BTVIJKPEFPDIPBPTZBEPTDVBEPTVOPTIPN
&MFODVFOUSPOPPDVSSJFTFEBEFMBTNBESFT4FFNQF[ CSFTBMPTWFOEFEPSFTNFYJRVFOTFTEFQJOUVSBPUSPQBESF
BCPSEBSEFTEFBPTBOUFTFOEJGFSFOUFTSFHJPOFTEFMQBT
DPO BEPTDPNFSDJBOUFTEFPSPKBMJTRVJMMPT-BTDPOWPD#MBODB
EJTUJOUBTQSPUBHPOJTUBTRVFSFDPSSJFSPOMPTNJTNPTMBCFSJOUPT .BSUOF[
MB EJSFDUPSB EFM $FOUSP EF %FSFDIPT )VNBOPT
CVSPDSUJDPTMMFOPTEFQVFSUBTGBMTBTEPOEFTFGVFSPOFODPO 'SBZ+VBOEF-BSJPT
EFMBEJDFTJTFODBCF[BEBQPSFMPCJTQP
USBOEP%FTQVTEFDPOUBSTFVOBTBPUSBTTVTIJTUPSJBTZEF 3BM7FSB
RVJFOMFQJEJBUFOEFSBMBTBOHVTUJBEBTGBNJMJBT
FTDVDIBSMBTVOBZNVDIBTWFDFT
DPODMVZFSPORVFFO.YJDP RVFTFMFBSSJNBCBOBMOBMEFMBTNJTBT
MBEFTBQBSJDJOGPS[BEBFTBNQBSBEBQPSFM&TUBEP2VFMPT &O FM FODVFOUSP
USBT SFDPOPDFS FO MPT PUSPT MB NJTNB
NFDBOJTNPT EF MB JNQVOJEBE HBSBOUJ[BO RVF FM EFMJUP TJHB IFSJEBZFMNJFEPQBSBMJ[BOUFRVFJNQJEFEFOVODJBS
DPOFM
DPNFUJOEPTF%FTEFFOUPODFTJEFBOKVOUBTFTUSBUFHJBTQBSB FTQSJUVFOWBMFOUPOBEPEFDJEFOi/PQPEFNPTTFHVJSDBMMB
SFFODPOUSBSTFDPOMPTTVZPT$PNPMPIJDJFSPOBOUFTEFCBKP EPTIBZRVFIBDFSMPQCMJDP4PNPTNVDIPT
{RVNTOPT
EFFTFSCPMZMPIBSOBMPMBSHPEFFTUFDBQUVMP QVFEFORVJUBS w
$POWPDBO B MB QSFOTB B VOB DPOGFSFODJB
MF TJHVFO DPO
QMBOUPOFT TFNBOBMFT BGVFSB EFM 1BMBDJP EF (PCJFSOP
FY
QPOFO TV TJUVBDJO FO MBT NJTBT EPOEF QJEFO MB QBMBCSB
108 109
QFSTJHVFOBMHPCFSOBEPSFOBDUPTQCMJDPTIBTUBPCMJHBSMPB &TWMJEPSFOFHBSMF
OPUFTJFOUBTNBMMFEJDFPUSB
JOTUBMBSNFTBTEFUSBCBKPDPOMBTDBMBEFKVTUJDJB$VBOEP " N %JPT NF EJDF iEBNF UJFNQPw Z ZP MF EJHP iQFSP OP
TFEBODVFOUBEFRVFOBEBTJSWFZRVFDSFDFFMONFSPEF UBSEFTw
DBTPTFNQSFOEFOVOBNBSDIBBMBDBQJUBM
IBTUBMBPDJOBEFM $PNJFO[BOBNFODJPOBSDJUBTCCMJDBT
DPNPBRVFMMBRVF
QSFTJEFOUF%FSFHSFTPBTVUJFSSB
OVGSBHPTEFSFTVMUBEPT
EJDFiCVTDBZFODPOUSBSTw
QBSBFMMBTVOHVJPDFMFTUJBM
Z
EFDJEFO GVOEBS VOB PSHBOJ[BDJO 4F CBVUJ[BO DPNP 'VFS EFBIQBTBOBEFTFOUSBBSPUSBTTFBMFTZBFYDBWBSFOTVT
[BT6OJEBTQPS/VFTUSPT%FTBQBSFDJEPTFO$PBIVJMBTPOVO TVFPT
FKSDJUPTPTUFOJEPQPSNBNT 4PRVFNJIJKPNFBCSB[BCB
DPSSB
NFEFDBiNB
i-MFWBCBEPTBPTTPMBQSFHVOUBOEPBMBTBVUPSJEBEFTRV ESFwZZPNFEFTWBOFDB
QBTBCBZOVODBUFOBOOPUJDJBTEFNJIJKP:BOPUFOBFTQF )BZRVFUFOFSNVDIBGPSUBMF[BQBSBRVFFMEBRVFSF
SBO[B
OPTBCBRVIBDFSZPTPMBZBVORVFIBDBMPRVFQPEB HSFTFOPTFUFTVCBFMB[DBSOJUFEMBDIJSJQJPSDB
TFOUBRVFOPIBDBOBEB$VBOEPFODPOUSBMBTDPNQBFSBT 3FODPOFMDPNFOUBSJP
TFOUFTQFSBO[B
TPONJGBNJMJB
NFDPNQSFOEFOZKVOUBTIF &ODBEBSFVOJOFODVFOUSBOOVFWBTQBVUBTQBSBFMBOMJ
NPTMPHSBEPNVDIBTDPTBTw
FYQSFTBMBNBESFEFMWFJOUFBFSP TJT4BCFO
QPSFKFNQMP
RVFFO
FO$PBIVJMB
TFEFTBU
EFTBQBSFDJEP*TSBFM5PSSFT
BVORVFQPESBIBCFSTJEPDVBMRVJFSB VOiNBSBUOEFMPTEFTBQBSFDJEPTw2VFWBSJPTNVDIBDIPT
/PTMPTVQFSMBDVMQB
UBNCJOFODPOUSBQPZPi-BRVF GVFSPO MFWBOUBEPT FO MPT NJTNPT USBNPT DBSSFUFSPT 2VF
FTUCJFOFTUQFOEJFOUFEFMBRVFFTUFOGFSNB
OPTFOUFOEF IVCPVOBSBDIBEFDBQUVSBTEFUDOJDPTFJOHFOJFSPTFOUF
NPTQPSRVFUFOFNPTFMNJTNPEPMPSw
EJDFBMTBMJSEFVOBEF MFDPNVOJDBDJPOFT 2VF MPT QPMJDBT NVOJDJQBMFT IBO TJEP
MBTSFVOJPOFTEFMBPSHBOJ[BDJO DNQMJDFT EF MPT TFDVFTUSBEPSFT 1PESBO JODMVTP EJCVKBS B
&O FTPT FODVFOUSPT IB EFTDVCJFSUP RVF
EFTQVT EF MB DJFHBTVONBQBEFFTPTiUSJOHVMPTEFMBT#FSNVEBTwEFOUSP
EFTBQBSJDJOEFVONJFNCSP
MBTGBNJMJBTTFEJWJEFO
MPTSPMFT EFMFTUBEP
DBNCJBO
MBFDPOPNBEPNTUJDBNFSNB
MBFOGFSNFEBEIBDF
OJEP -B FYQFSJFODJB MBT IBDF DBSHBS VO CPUJRVO B TVT SFV $IJIVBIVB
$IJIVBIVB
OPWJFNCSFEF-BDBTBEFSFUJ
OJPOFT4POUBOUBTMBTFNPDJPOFTRVFUPDBODVBOEPTFKVOUBO SPTFTQJSJUVBMFTFOMBTBGVFSBTEFMBDJVEBEBMCFSHBVOFODVFO
RVFOPGBMUBBRVJFOMFBUBRVFMBHBTUSJUJT
MFBVNFOUFMBQSFTJO
USPEFNVKFSFT%VSBOUFMBQSFTFOUBDJO
EFUBOUPFTDVDIBS
MFEVFMBMBDBCF[BPMFTVCBFMB[DBS MBSB[OQPSMBRVFUPEBTFTUOBRV
MBTHBSHBOUBTTFIBDFO
:BFTUPZEFTFTQFSBEB1PSNTRVFMFSFOJFHPB%JPTZ OVEP
MFQSFHVOUPRVRVJFSFTEFN
ZBIJDFUPEPMPRVFQVEF
ZB &MFRVJQPPSHBOJ[BEPSJNQSPWJTBVOFKFSDJDJPEFSFTQJSBDJO
UPQBNPTDPOQBSFEyQFSPUUJFOFTMBMUJNBQBMBCSBMB QBSBRVJUBSMBQFTBEF[BMBJSF%FQPSTMBTNVKFSFTWFOJEBTEF
NFOUBVOBKPWFOBCVFMBBDBSHPEFTVTOJFUPT /VFWP -FO
$PBIVJMB Z #BKB $BMJGPSOJB IBCBO WJBKBEP
110 111
OFSWJPTBTQPSTBCFSRVFFODPOUSBSBOBPUSBTTPCSFWJWJFOUFTEF "T
HVJBEPT DPO FTB UDOJDB
MPT QTJDMPHPT MFT QJEFO
MBNJTNBUPSUVSB6OBBODJBOBEFQMBOPQBTMBOPDIFFOWFMB DPNQBSUJSMBTFNPDJPOFTRVFNTMFTQFTBO&MMBTBCSFOTV
Z BNBOFDJ DPO KBRVFDB -B NBZPS BOHVTUJB EF MBT NVKFSFT BMNB
FTRVFFMQSPHSBNBJODMVZF
BEFNTEFMBDIBSMBTPCSFDNP y.FEBCBQFOBEFDJSFOFMQVFCMPMPRVFNFQBTBCBy
FYJHJS SFTVMUBEPT B MB KVTUJDJB
JNQBSUJEB QPS WFUFSBOBT EF y4FRVFEBVOPTJOUSBCBKP
TJOBNJHPT
TJOGBNJMJB
DPNP
+VSF[RVFMPHSBSPOFODPOUSBSBTVTIJKBTNVFSUBT
PUSBTPCSF BQFTUBEP
DSFFORVFTJFNQSFWBVOPBQFEJSMFTBMHPy
MBFYIVNBDJOEFSFTUPT y-BTDVMQBTEJWJEFOBMBGBNJMJB
UPEPTTFSFDSJNJOBOy
%FJNBHJOBSMBQPTJCJMJEBEEFFODPOUSBSBMIJKP
BMBIFS y4FNFDBSHUPEPUVWFRVFTBDBSBNJTIJKPTEFMBFTDVF
NBOB P BM FTQPTP TJO WJEB BMHVOBT FOUSBO FO DSJTJT 7BSJBT MB
TPZQBESFZNBESFy
MMPSBO-BTQFSTPOBTEFMPTEJTUJOUPTDFOUSPTEFEFSFDIPTIV y4PNPT DPNP FTBT FTUSFMMBT FO FM DJFMP
MB NB FT VOB
NBOPTMBTSFOFOQBSBBOBMJ[BSMBTFNPDJPOFTRVFMFTTVSHFO FTUSFMMBPQBDBRVFFTUBQBHBEBy
DPOFTFUFNB y&MBS[PCJTQPNFEJKPiUUVWJTUFMBDVMQBQPSRVFOPMP
0USBJODPNPEJEBEFTMBDIBSMBQTJDPMHJDBBOVODJBEBFO FEVDBTUFCJFOwy
FMQSPHSBNBQPSRVFRVJFOFTFTUOBRVIVZFSPOEFMPTQTJD y.FEJKFSPORVFTFHVSPMPTMFWBOUBSPOQPSRVFNJIJKP
MPHPTQVFT
FOWF[EFBZVEBSMBT
MFTEJDFOiEFMPQPSNVFSUP
MMFWBCBVOQBOUBMODBNVBEPy
DPOGSNFTF DPO MPT IJKPT RVF MF RVFEBOw &MMBT OP QVFEFO "MFTDVDIBSTF
MBTNVKFSFTTFEBODVFOUBRVFMBDVMQBDP
NTRVFSFDPSEBS
RVFTJHOJDBiUSBFSEFOVFWPw SF
BMiDP SSPF
QBSBMJ[B
BTMB
PDVQBFMMVHBSEFMTJOTFOUJEP&OUJFOEFO
SB[Ow DPSEJT
DPNPBRVMFTFYQMJDBORVFTVTSFBDDJPOFTTPOOPSNBMFT
-BKVBSFOTF.BSB-VJTB7BMEF[
RVFCVTDBBTVIJKP+VBO BOUFTJUVBDJPOFTBOPSNBMFT%FTQVTEFSFFYJPOBSVOSBUP
.JHVFMZBVOTPCSJOPMFWBOUBEPTFO7FSBDSV[QPSQPMJDBT EFDJEFORVFFTFMHPCJFSOP
ZOPFMMBT
FMRVFEFCFDBSHBSMB
GFEFSBMFT
FYQMJDBTVSFOVFODJBBMBTUFSBQJBTi4PZNBESFEF "DPNPEBOTFOUJNJFOUPT
TJFUF
ZUPEPTMPTEBTNFMFWBOUPZSFQJUPNFTJHVFGBMUBOEP &OMBTFHVOEBGBTF
MPTQTJDMPHPTMFTQJEFORVFDPNQBSUBO
VOP{$NPQVFEFOQFEJSNFEFTDBOTBS w TVTGPSUBMF[BT2VFTFEJCVKFO:FOMBTIPKBTWBOBQBSFDJFO
1FSP MPT QTJDMPHPT RVF EJSJHFO FTUB TFTJO MVDFO EJTUJO EPDPSB[POFTIFSJEPTQFSPSFTJTUFOUFT
QBJTBKFTMMVWJPTPTDPO
UPT1BSFDFRVFMBTFOUJFOEFO6TBOVONUPEPMMBNBEPQTJ BSDPJSJT
DBTBT TPNCSBT EF EPOEF TBMFO DBNJOPT EFMHBEPT
DPTPDJBM RVF TF VUJMJ[ FO &M 4BMWBEPS EVSBOUF MB SFQSFTJO DPNPWCPSBTRVFJOEJDBOBMBVTFOUFMBWBQBSBFMSFHSFTP
EFMPTBPTZTFDPOWJSUJFOQBUSJNPOJPEFMBTWDUJNBTEF SCPMFTTFDPTRVFEBOGSVUPTBNPSPTPT"MFYQSFTBSDPNJFO
EJTUJOUBTWJPMFODJBT"ZVEBBRVFMBHFOUF
FODPNVOJEBE
MF [BOBFOEFSF[BSTF-PTQVMNPOFTTFJOBOEFFTQFSBO[B
FODVFOUSFTFOUJEPBMPRVFMFPDVSSFZIBMMFGPSUBMF[BTJOEJWJ i.FGPSUBMFDFMBWJWFODJBEFDBEBVOB
QPSRVFFTUQBTBOEP
EVBMFTZDPNVOFTQBSBPSHBOJ[BSTFZTFHVJSMVDIBOEP MPNJTNPZMBVOJOIBDFMBGVFS[B:WPZBTBMJSBEFMBOUF:BMBT
112 113
EF+VSF[OPTQVTJFSPOFMFKFNQMPw
EJDFDPOUFOUBMBSFHJPNPO MBGVFS[B
FMSFMBUPEFMUFTUJHP
MBMJTUBEFMMBNBEBTIFDIBTEFTEF
UBOB(MPSJB"HVJMFSB
RVFCVTDBBTVNBSJEPZEPTIJKPTBHFOUFT TVDFMVMBSEFTQVTEFDBQUVSBSMP
MBTDPPSEFOBEBTRVFNBSDBFM
EFUSOTJUP
BRVJFOFTEFKEFWFSFMNJTNPEBEF (14EFEPOEFGVFMFWBOUBEP
FMNFOTBKFEFUFYUPRVFMBWDUJNB
TUBFTMBUFSDFSBSFVOJOEFNBESFTDPOIJKPTEFTBQBSFDJ BMDBO[BNBOEBSBWJTBOEPRVJOFTPEOEFMPUFOBOSFUFOJEP
EPTFOFMOPSUF&OMBQSJNFSB
FO4BMUJMMP
TFDPOUBSPODNP &TDVDIOEPMBTRVFEBDMBSPRVFBMPTEFTBQBSFDJEPTOPTF
MBUSBHFEJBMFTQBSUJMBWJEB&OMBTFHVOEB
FO.POUFSSFZ
MPTMMFWBFMWJFOUP/PTFMPTUSBHBMBUJFSSB/PEFTBQBSFDFO
JOUFSDBNCJBSPOFYQFSJFODJBTEFMVDIBZEFUFDUBSPORVFQPS EFMBOBEB/PTPOQFSTPOBTBRVJFOFTBMDBO[VOCSPUFDPO
NTQMBOUPOFT
IVFMHBTEFIBNCSFPNFTBTEFUSBCBKPMPHSB UBHJPTPEF"M[IFJNFSZPMWJEBOFMDBNJOPBDBTB"MHVJFOTF
EBTDPOMPTEJTUJOUPTHPCJFSOPTFTUBUBMFTZGFEFSBM
MBSFTQVFT MPTMMFWBZFMMPTHFOFSBMNFOUFEFKBOQJTUBT1FSPRVJFOFTFTUO
UBDPNOGVFMBCVSMBJOTUJUVDJPOBMJ[BEB&OFTUBUFSDFSB
FO PCMJHBEPTBJOWFTUJHBSMBTOPMPIBDFO
$IJIVBIVB
DPNQBSUJFSPO FM BQSFOEJ[BKF MFHBM EF MBT WFUF &TUBI(MPSJB"HVJMFSB
QJEJFOEPSFTQVFTUBTQPSTVFTQP
SBOBT
DPNFO[BSPO B WBMJEBS TVT TFOUJNJFOUPT Z DSFBSPO MB TP+VMJO6SCJOB5PSSFTZTVTIJKPT+VMJO&EXJOZ(FPWBOOZ
3FE EF %FGFOTPSBT Z %FGFOTPSFT EF %FSFDIPT )VNBOPT Z MPTBHFOUFTEFUSOTJUPEFTBQBSFDJEPTFMNJTNPEB%VSBOUF
'BNJMJBTEF%FTBQBSFDJEPTEFM/PSUF TFNBOBTRVFEOPRVFBEBFODBNB
TJOEFTFPTEFDPOUFTUBSFM
&MEPNJOHPQPSMBUBSEFTFEFTQJEFODBOUBOEPFODSDVMP UFMGPOPIBTUBRVFTJOUJRVFTVNJTJOFSBCVTDBSMPT&OFTP
BMSFEFEPS EF VO DJSJP QBTDVBM FODFOEJEP DPNP TNCPMP EF IBBOEBEPEFMBNBOPEF$JVEBEBOPTFO"QPZPBMPT%F
FTQFSBO[B"SSPQBEBTFOVOBMMVWJBEFBCSB[PTVOBTBPUSBTTF SFDIPT)VNBOPT $BEIBD
DFOUSPEJSJHJEPQPSMBSFMJHJPTB
EJDFOBMPEPMBNJTNBGSBTFOPUFSJOEBT $POTVFMP.PSBMFT
ZEFTVTDPNQBFSBT
NVDIBTDPNPFMMB
NBESFTZFTQPTBTEFQPMJDBTP
QPSFMDPOUSBSJP
EFWDUJNBT
.POUFSSFZ
/VFWP-FO
.BZPEF&MDBMPSTFDPQFHB EFTBQBSFDJEBTQPSQPMJDBT
JOUFOTP TPCSF MBT FTDBMJOBUBT BGVFSB EF MB 1SPDVSBEVSB EF i7JOJNPTBQVOUVBMJ[BSMPRVFTFEFCJIBCFSJOWFTUJHB
+VTUJDJB EFM FTUBEP
EPOEF TF QMBOUBO EFDFOBT EF GBNJMJBT EPZOPTFIJ[P&ONJDBTPEJKFFOMBQSPDVSBEVSBEOEF
VOJGPSNBEBT DPO DBNJTFUBT CMBODBT FO MBT RVF MMFWBO JN QPEBOCVTDBSMPTQPSRVFNJFTQPTPNFDPOUBCBDPTBTEFTV
QSFTBTMPTSPTUSPTEFMPTTFSFTRVFSJEPTZMBQSFHVOUBi{EOEF USBCBKPZIBTUBEPTBPTEFTQVTEJ[RVFGVFSPOBCVTDBSMPT
FTUO w Z
DMBSP
ZBOPFODPOUSBSPOBOBEJF"OFYBMFYQFEJFOUFFM
"EFOUSP
FOMBPDJOBEFMQSPDVSBEPS
GBNJMJBTFOSFQSF SFDJCPEFMUFMGPOPEFVOPEFNJTIJKPTDPOMBTMMBNBEBTRVF
TFOUBDJOEFMSFTUPFYIJCFOVODVBESPTJOQUJDPRVFNVFTUSB TJHVJFSPO IBDJFOEP
QFSP OP MBT JOWFTUJHBSPO 6O EB NF
MBTTJTUFNUJDBTPNJTJPOFTEFMBEFQFOEFODJBFOMBTQFTRVJTBT BUSFWBMMBNBSBVOPEFMPTONFSPTZTNFDPOUFTUBSPO
4POMBTQJTUBTTJOSBTUSFBS-BTQMBDBTEFMBDBNJPOFUBFOMBRVF QFSPZBOPJOUFOUNT
QBTUPEPBMBQSPDVSBEVSBw
SFMBUB
TFMMFWBSPOBMBVTFOUF
FMWJEFPRVFNVFTUSBRVJOFTMPTBDBOB MB NVKFS NFOVEJUB
EF HFTUP EVMDF RVF IB QBSUJDJQBEP MP
114 115
NJTNPFOIVFMHBTEFIBNCSF
RVFFOFODVFOUSPTDPOPUSBT .YJDP%'
+VMJP&OFMTBMOEFSFVOJPOFTEFMBPS
NBESFTFO$IJIVBIVB
EPOEFTFQSPNFUJFSPOOPDMBVEJDBS HBOJ[BDJOEPOEFBDBNQBSOFTUBOPDIFTFWFODBSBTMBSHBT
&TUB NBBOB
DVBOEP TBMJ IBDJB MB QSPDVSBEVSB NBS PKPTUSJTUFT%FDFOBTEFGBNJMJBTEFMJOUFSJPSEFMQBTIBCBO
DIBOEPDPOTVTDPNQBFSBT
(MPSJBFTUBCBOFSWJPTBQFSPFT WJBKBEPJMVTJPOBEBTBMBSFVOJOQBSBIBCMBSDPOFMTFDSFUBSJP
QFSBO[BEBEFRVFFDIBOEPNPOUOQPESBONPWJMJ[BSBMPT EF(PCFSOBDJO
'SBODJTDP#MBLF
ZDPOMBQSPDVSBEPSBHFOF
BHFOUFT1MBUJDBCBRVF
BVORVFTFQSPNFUFOPMMPSBSFOQCMJ SBMEFMB3FQCMJDB
.BSJTFMB.PSBMFT
BRVJFOFTQMBOUFBSBO
DPBMEBSTVUFTUJNPOJP
TJFNQSFMBUSBJDJPOBFMEPMPS"IPSB
TJFUFSFDMBNPT1FSPUPEPTFTBMJEFDPOUSPM
DVBUSP IPSBT EFTQVT
BM TBMJS EF MB PDJOB EFM QSPDVSBEPS
i"MNFOPTOPOPTCBUFBSPOw
JOUFOUBNBUJ[BSVOKPWFOEF
MVDFUSJTUF%FDBNJOPB$BEIBD
FODPHJEBEFIPNCSPTDP $PBIVJMB
NJFOUSBT WBSJPT TF SFDMBNBO QPS FM GSBDBTP EF MB
NFOUB iOPT QJEJFSPO RVF MFT EFNPT VO NFT NT QBSB RVF SFVOJO6OBTWDUJNBTRVFOVODBIBCBOIBCMBEPBOUFBV
FNQJFDFOBCVTDBSMPTw UPSJEBEFTDPNFO[BSPOBFYQPOFSTVTIJTUPSJBTZFMTFDSFUBSJP
&O MBT PDJOBT EF MB PSHBOJ[BDJO SFBMJ[BO VO DPOWJWJP BTUVUP
QJEJRVFPUSBTDPOUBSBOTVTUSBHFEJBT
NJFOUSBTMPT
QBSBJOGPSNBSTFEFMPPDVSSJEP-BNBZPSBMVDFUSBORVJMB
EFNTOPUBCBOBOHVTUJBEPTRVFMBDJUBMMFHBCBBTVO'VF
FODBNCJP
+VMJBMBDPNQBFSBRVFCVTDBBVOIJKPDBQUV DVBOEPBMHVOBT
EFTFTQFSBEBT
JOUFSWJOJFSPOQBSBDPOUBSTVT
SBEPQPSQPMJDBTEFTEFIBCMBBHSJUPTQPSUFMGPOP DBTPT"QFOBTQVEJFSPODFOUSBSTFFOQMBOUFBSMFMBOFDFTJEBE
FOVONPOMPHPJOUFSNJOBCMFi`EHBMFBMTFPSQSPDVSBEPS EFDSFBSVOBTDBMBOBDJPOBMEFEJDBEBBCVTDBSQFSTPOBT
VO
RVFOPTFCVSMF
RVFNFEJHBRVIBOIFDIP
RVFNFKPSNF CBODPEFEBUPTHFOUJDPEFMBTGBNJMJBT
VOBCBTFEFJOGPS
EJHBRVFOBEB`/PNTFTUOBQBSFOUBOEP{1BSBFTPMFQB NBDJOOBDJPOBMEFDBTPTZVOQSPHSBNBEFCTRVFEBDPO
HBOBMTFPSRVFOPTBUFOEJ `5SFTBPTZTJFUFNFTFTZOJ QSPUPDPMPTFTUBCMFDJEPT
TJRVJFSBIBMFEPFMFYQFEJFOUF{$SFFRVFTPZFTUQJEB :B -BEJTDVTJODPOUJOB
NFDBOT
`USFTBPTZTJFUFNFTFTTVQMJDOEPMFQPSGBWPS
QPS 2V EFDFQDJO )BTUB TF NF TVCJ FM B[DBS EJDF
GBWPS
QFSPOPNTTFCVSMBO`.FMFWPZBIBDFSVOBIVFMHBEF VOBOPSUFBTFOUBEBFOVOSJODO
FMDBOTBODJPFOFMSPTUSP
IBNCSFIBTUBRVFNFNVFSB
IBTUBRVFNFNVFSBw /POPTGVFUBONBM
MPHSBNPTFWJEFODJBSRVFOPIBO
$VFMHBDPOSBCJB5SBUBEFCBMCVDFBSBMHPQFSPOPQVF IFDIPOBEBSFTQPOEFVOBCPHBEP
EF4MPBUJOBBFODPHFSTFFOVOTJMMOQBSBMMPSBS-BIFS {1PSRVFTUBWF[OPMPIJDJNPTCJFO
DPNPDVBOEPMPT
NBOB$POTVFMPTFTJFOUBBTVMBEP
MBBCSB[B
MBBDBSJDJBDPNP EFMB0/6WJOJFSPOBWFSOPT 4JDBEBRVJFOFTUIBCMBOEP
BVOBIJKB
MFEJDFRVFBQSFOEBBOPJSTPMBBMBTSFVOJPOFT
TJONUPEPOPTWBOBHBOBSFMQBSUJEPQPSRVFMPTQPMUJDPT
QVFTUPEBTFTUOQBSBBDPNQBBSTF
RVFTFUSBORVJMJDF
RVF TMPRVJFSFOBQSPWFDIBSTFSFQFMBFMVOJWFSTJUBSJP
TFHVJSOCVTDBOEPBTVIJKP
RVFOPEFTDBOTBSOIBTUBTBDBS -BTSFDSJNJOBDJPOFTDPOUJOBO6OBNVKFSQJEFEJTDVMQBT
BUPEPTEFEPOEFMPTUJFOFO "MHVOBT TF JODPNPEBO QPS MPT SFDMBNPT -B EFTFTQFSBDJO
116 117
DVOEFBMWFSEFTWBOFDFSTFPUSPPBTJTFOFTUFMBSHPQFSFHSJOBS UBEP BQPZB MBT EFTBQBSJDJPOFT DBEB WF[ RVF OP MPT CVTDBO
QPSMPTSJEPTDBNJOPTEFMBCTRVFEBEFVOTFSRVFSJEP DBEBRVFOPTPUSPTEFOVODJBNPTMPTSFUFOFTPMPTQVOUPTFO
$PO UBOUBT QVFSUBT RVF OPT FTUO DFSSBOEP WBNPT B MBT DBSSFUFSBT EPOEF EFTBQBSFDFO Z OP IBDF OBEB DVBOEP
UFOFSRVFIBDFSMPRVFQSPQPOFOMBTDPNQBFSBTEF4POPSB
OPDPNCBUFBMDSJNFOPSHBOJ[BEPDVBOEPOPJOWFTUJHBMBT
RVFEJDFORVFMBTFTUOPCMJHBOEPBBHBSSBSVOBQBMBZTBMJSBM EFOVODJBT DVBOEP OJFHBO RVF FM EFMJUP FYJTUB DVBOEP OP
NPNFOUPBCVTDBSMPT{2VMFTDVFTUBBFMMPTCVTDBSMPTTJZB RVJFSFO EBSOPT JOGPSNBDJOy )PZ GVFSPO OVFTUSPT IJKPT
UPEPTTBCFNPTEOEFMPTEFTBQBSFDFO TFBMBJNQBDJFOUF NBBOBQVFEFOTFSPUSPTw
VOBNVKFS -BJEFBEFBSNBSMBDBSBWBOBEFTEF$JVEBE+VSF[IBTUBMB
1FSP FT CJFO SJFTHPTP 5FOFNPT RVF QFOTBS CJFO
OP DBQJUBMEFMQBTTVSHJUSBTMBQSFTFOUBDJOEFMJOGPSNFRVFIJ[P
OBEBNTRVFTBMHBNPTFOMBMPDVSBEFMEPMPSBMNPOUF5F MB 0/6 TPCSF MB EFTBQBSJDJO GPS[BEB FO .YJDP RVF WBMJE
OFNPTRVFPSHBOJ[BSOPTNFKPSJOUFOUBUSBORVJMJ[BSMPTVOB MPTSFDMBNPTEFMBTGBNJMJBTi{2VNTQPEFNPTIBDFS w
TF
BTFTPSB QSFHVOUBSPOBMOBM
iTJZBOPTTFOUBNPTGSFOUFBMQSFTJEFOUF
0USBWF[UPQBSPODPOQBSFE/PTFSTVMUJNBEFDFQDJO $BMEFSO
TJ ZB OPT DSFBSPO VOB TDBMB QBSB CVTDBSMPT
TJ
FOFTUFKVFHPEFTFSQJFOUFTZFTDBMFSBT%FTQVTFMTFDSFUBSJP ZBMPHSBNPTRVFDBNCJBSBOMBTMFZFT
TJZBMB0/6OPTEJP
#MBLFZFMTVCTFDSFUBSJP'FMJQF;BNPSB
RVFIBCBOQSPNFUJEP MBSB[O{2VNT wi{:TJIBDFNPTVOQMBOUOFMEBEF
BZVEBSMBT
NPSJSBO FO VOBDDJEFOUF BSFP -VFHP TFFOUFSB MBTNBESFT w
TVHJSJBMHVOB
ZFOUPODFTEBMF
QPOUFBWFO
SBOQPSMBTOPUJDJBTEFRVFFMIFSNBOPEFMTDBMEFKVTUJDJBEF EFS SPQB VTBEB FO MB DPDIFSB EF MB DBTB
B PGSFDFS DPNJEB
$PBIVJMB
+FTT5PSSFT$IBSMFTZMBTVCEFMFHBEBEFMB1(3
MPTEPNJOHPTBGVFSBEFNJTB
BDPOGFDDJPOBSNBOVBMJEBEFTZ
$MBVEJB(PO[MF[-QF[
BRVJFOFTDPOBSPOMBTJOWFTUJHBDJP PSHBOJ[BSSJGBTQBSBKVOUBSQBSBFMWJBKF
OFT
FTUBCBOFOMBONJOBEFVOPEFMPTDSUFMFTEFMBESPHB -BT EF $IJIVBIVB
PSHBOJ[BEBT QPS FM $FOUSP EF %F
SFDIPT )VNBOPT EF MBT .VKFSFT $FEIFN
Z +VTUJDJB QBSB
-FO
(VBOBKVBUP
.BZPEF%FMPTBVUPCVTFTSFDJO /VFTUSBT )JKBT
MMFOBSPO VO DBNJO DPO NVKFSFT EF UPEBT
MMFHBEPT CBKBO NBESFT OPSUFBT RVF WJBKBO DPO EFTUJOP BM MBTHFOFSBDJPOFTBCVFMBTRVFIBDFBPTCVTDBOBTVTIJKBT
%'
EPOEF BOUJDFMFCSBSO FO VO QMBOUO PUSP EF NBZP DPNQBSUFO BTJFOUP DPO IFSNBOBT
FTQPTBT Z OJFUBT EF QFS
BMFKBEBTEFTVTIJKPT TPOBT NVKFSFT
MBNBZPSB
EFTBQBSFDJEBT"OUFTEFTVCJSTF
&OMBEFTBSSPQBEBNBSDIBSVNCPBMDFOUSPEFMBDJVEBE
BTJTUJFSPOBVOUBMMFSEPOEFNFTVSBSPOTVTFYQFDUBUJWBTQBSB
FOMBRVFQBSUJDJQBOQPDPTDJVEBEBOPT
OHFMFT-QF[
BD OPEFQSJNJSTFDPNPDBEBWF[RVF
EFTQVTEFVOBNBOJGFT
UJWJTUB EFM DFOUSP EF EFSFDIPT IVNBOPT 'SBZ 'SBODJTDP EF UBDJO
OPFODVFOUSBOSFTQVFTUB&O4BMUJMMPZ5PSSFOMBT
7JUPSJB
WPDJGFSBQPSFMBMUBWP[iIBZVOBQPMUJDBEFEFTBQB NBESFTIJDJFSPODFSFNPOJBTEFFOWPBMBTDPNQBFSBTRVF
SJDJOGPS[BEB
VOBQPMUJDBBQPZBEBQPSFM&TUBEPy&M&T SFQSFTFOUBSBOBMSFTUP-FTJNQVTJFSPOMBTNBOPT$BEBVOB
118 119
UPN VOB WBSJUB EF USJHP
GSHJM Z RVFCSBEJ[B
MB VOJ DPO DJPOBM
DPOMHJDBQSPQJBZVO&TUBEPDNQMJDFEFMPTDBQUPSFT
MBTEFNTQBSBTJNCPMJ[BSRVFKVOUBTTPONTGVFSUFT
JOEP ZBTFBQPSPNJTJO
DPMBCPSBDJOPDPNPQFSQFUSBEPS
CMFHBCMFT&OFTUBFTDBMB
NJFOUSBTTFEFTFOUVNFOZFTQFSBO i$VBOEPDPOPDBMBPSHBOJ[BDJONFJOWPMVDSEFMMFOP
FMEFTBZVOP
VOBUSBCBKBEPSBTPDJBMMFTQJEFDFSSBSMPTPKPT
FSBMBQPTJCJMJEBEEFIBDFSBMHP4VQFRVFMPEFNJIJKPOPFSB
UPNBSBJSFZBCSB[BSDPOFMDPSB[OBMTFSRVFSJEP&OUPODFT VOTFDVFTUSPTJOPVOBEFTBQBSJDJO
QFSPZBOPQPEBSFDV
DPNJFO[BOBFTDVDIBSTFMPTTVTQJSPTFOUSFDPSUBEPT"MHV QFSBSFMUJFNQPQFSEJEPEFIBCFSFTUBEPTMPMMPSBOEP&OFTUF
OBT NBESFT NVFWFO MPT MBCJPT &TUO QMBUJDBOEP DPO TVT UJFNQPIFDSFDJEPw
DPNQBSUFMBTBMUJMMFOTF%JBOB*SJT
NB
IJKPT{$VOUPTBVTFOUFTFTUBSOQSFTFOUFTFOFTUBWJFKBGCSJ ESFEF%BOJFM$BOU
BRVJFOCVTDBEFTEFIBDFNFEJBEDBEB
DBTJOUFDIP 4J%PB&NNB
MBBODJBOBTFOUBEBFOMBTJMMB
)BDFDJODPBPT
BMEBSTVQSJNFSBFOUSFWJTUB
%JBOBQJEJ
QFSEJBPDIP
UPEBMBTJNJFOUFNBTDVMJOBEFTVGBNJMJB4JMBT RVFHSBCBSBOTMPTVTNBOPTZEJTUPSTJPOBSBOTVWP[
QFSPIPZ
HFNFMBT"MWBSBEPQFSEJFSPOBTVNBNZBTVTUPT{$VOUPT WFODJEPFMNJFEP
FTMBQSJNFSBFOUPNBSFMNJDSGPOPEVSBO
EFTBQBSFDJEPTFTUOTJFOEPBCSB[BEPT
TJFTUBTNVKFSFTSFQSF UFMBTNBOJGFTUBDJPOFT
BVORVFTJFNQSFUFSNJOBMMPSBOEP4V
TFOUBOBPUSBTNVDIBT BDUJWJTNPMFWBMJFMEJWPSDJP"MIBCMBSDPOTVNBSJEPEFMPT
USNJOPTEFMBTFQBSBDJOMFIJ[PVOBOJDBQFUJDJOiTJZP
MMFHPBGBMUBS
UDPOUJOBTMBCTRVFEBEFOVFTUSP%BOJFMw
. 7PMDBEBBMBPSHBOJ[BDJO
BZVEBBMBTPUSBTNVKFSFTRVFMMF
HBOBQFEJSBZVEB$PNPMBTEFNT
EFNBESFTFUSBOTGPSN
+VOUPBMQJ[BSSOEFMTBMOFOFM%JTUSJUP'FEFSBMEPOEFTF FOEFGFOTPSBEFEFSFDIPTIVNBOPT$PNPMBTEFNT
FYQFSJ
MMFWBBDBCPVOOVFWPFODVFOUSPFTUVOB3FQCMJDB.FYJDB NFOUBVOBNBUFSOJEBEDPMFDUJWBi4J%BOJFMZBOPUJFOFWJEB
OBNBMEJCVKBEB5JFOFNBSDBEPTMPTIPZPTOFHSPTFOEPO RVJFSPRVFNJWJEBWBMHBMBQFOBQBSBFODPOUSBSBMPTEFNJT
EFTFMMFWBOBMBHFOUF&MNBQBEFMBEFTBQBSJDJOGPS[BEB DPNQBFSBTw
TF EFTQMB[B QPS 5BNBVMJQBT
/VFWP -FO
$PBIVJMB
$IJ -BT EJTUJOUBT PSHBOJ[BDJPOFT EF EFSFDIPT IVNBOPT RVF MBT
IVBIVB
#BKB$BMJGPSOJB
4JOBMPB
4BO-VJT1PUPT
;BDBUF BDPNQBBOMFTIBOEBEPIFSSBNJFOUBTQBSBDPNPEJDFBMHVOB
DBT
(VBOBKVBUP
+BMJTDP
.JDIPBDO
(VFSSFSP
2VFSUBSP
QPSBRViTBMUBSEFMAQPCSFDJUBTRVFTPNPT
BMATPNPTQPTFFEP
%'P.PSFMPT:TJHVFBCSJFOEPIVFDPT SBTEFEFSFDIPTZBMNJTNPUJFNQPRVFMMPSBNPTTBCFNPTFYJHJS
-BTNVKFSFTZFMQVBEPEFIPNCSFTSFVOJEPTIBOBQSFO MPTw5PNBOOPUBEFMBTFYQFSJFODJBTEFMVDIBEFMBTNBESFTEF
EJEPBMJEJBSDPOFMEPMPSEFMBBVTFODJBZMBJODFSUJEVNCSF $PMPNCJB
EF(VBUFNBMB
EF"SHFOUJOB
PMBTEPBTNFYJDBOBT
%JTFBSPOTVTQSPQJBTFTUSBUFHJBTEFBGSPOUBNJFOUP&OUSBSPO EF&VSFLB4VTNBFTUSBT
TVTBODFTUSBT
TVTIFSNBOBT
BVOQSPDFTPDPMFDUJWPEFCTRVFEB$SFBSPOSFEFTEFBQPZP &OFMFODVFOUSP
FMQTJDMPHPWBTDPRVFWJBKBQPSFMNVOEP
NVUVP4BCFORVFMBEFTBQBSJDJOGPS[BEBFTVOGFONFOPOB FYQPSUBOEPFMNUPEPQTJDPTPDJBM
MFTIBCMBEFMBJNQPSUBO
120 121
DJBEFTBMJSEFMBDPOGVTJORVFQSFUFOEFOJNQPOFSMFTRVJFOFT CBKBSQBSBMPTOBSDPT iUFOHPBTDP
TFCVSMBSPOEFOPTPUSBTw
RVJFSFOJONPWJMJ[BSMBT "3PCFSUB
DVBOEPOPMFRVJTJFSPOFOUSFHBSFMDVFSQPEFTV
iTUBFTVOBMVDIBDPOUSBMBJNQPUFODJB
UPEPFTUQVFTUP IJKPBOEPTNFTFTEFTQVTEFIBMMBEP iMFTQSFHVOURVFEF
QBSB QPOFSOPT PCTUDVMPT -B CTRVFEB FTU MMFOB EF QVFS RVMFTTFSWB
RVFQBSBFMMPTFSBOIVFTPT
QBSBNNJIJKPw
UBTRVFMMFWBOBOJOHOTJUJP
DPNPVOMBCFSJOUP1PSRVFFM "T
DBEBVOBWBEFTFONBTDBSBOEPMBTFTUSBUFHJBTEFM&T
QSPCMFNBEFMBEFTBQBSJDJOFTRVFQBSFDFRVFOPIBZSFT UBEP
QPOTBCMF
RVFOPTFTBCFRVJOGVF
QPSRV
PDNP1FSPMPT y5F IBDFO TFOUJS RVF UF IBDFO VO GBWPS
DVBOEP FT VO
GBNJMJBSFTUJFOFORVFTFSDPOTDJFOUFTEFRVFGPSNBQBSUFEFVOB EFSFDIPy
FTUSBUFHJBEFFTUJHNBUJ[BDJO
EFDVMQBCJMJ[BDJO
EFBJTMBNJFOUP y"CSFOWBSJPTFYQFEJFOUFTEFVONJTNPDBTPQBSBDBO
TPDJBM
EFQSJWBUJ[BDJOEFMEBP
FOFMRVFUPEPTUFIBDFOTFOUJS TBSOPTZDPOGVOEJSOPTy
DVMQBCMFZUFOFNPTRVFWFSDNPQSPUFHFSOPTEFFTPw
FYQMJDB y.FEJKFSPOATFPSB
OPMPCVTRVF
TFMPUSBHMBUJFSSBy
BMHSVQP y&OGSFOUBOBMBTGBNJMJBTZNFUFOJEFBTDPOUSBTVTBTF
i1PS FTPw
DPOUJOB
iDPOTUSVJNPT MBT WJWFODJBT DPMFDUJWBT
TPSFTy
BQSPWFDIBNPT MB FYQFSJFODJB EF UPEPT QPSRVF
BM DPNQSFOEFS y"UPEPMPRVFQFEJNPTEJDFORVFT
QFSPFOMBQSDUJDB
FM GFONFOP EF MB EFTBQBSJDJO TBMJNPT EFM DBTP JOEJWJEVBM Z MPOJFHBOy
FNQF[BNPTBUFOFSVOBSFFYJODPMFDUJWBRVFOPTBZVEFBFO y%FTBQBSFDFOFYQFEJFOUFTy
GSFOUBSMP
BTBMJSEFMBQBSMJTJTw -MFWBOBMBHFOUFTPMJUBBMBTFYDBWBDJPOFTTJOQSFQBSBSMBT
4JFOUFO BMJWJP DPO FTUBT QBMBCSBT 3FDPOPDFO RVF TJ TF ZBMBNJUBEMBTTVTQFOEFOTPODSVFMFTy
IBOTFOUJEPFOMPRVFDJEBT
TJMBHFOUFMBTFWJUBDPNPTJFT y2VFOPUJFOFTEFSFDIPEFBCSJSFMBUBEOJQBSBEFTQF
UVWJFSBOBQFTUBEBTPTJMBTJOWFTUJHBDJPOFTOPBWBO[BO
UJF EJSUFEFMDVFSQPEFUVIJKB
ZUFRVFEBTDPOMBEVEBEFTJBFMMB
OFSFMBDJODPOMBTFTUSBUFHJBTBQMJDBEBTQPSFM&TUBEPQBSB GVFBMBRVFFOUFSSBTUFPTJTJHVFWJWBy
NBOUFOFSMBTFOMBDPOGVTJO'PSNBQBSUFEFMPTNFDBOJT y5FJOUJNJEBOQPSJOWFTUJHBS
EJDFORVFWBOBBDVTBSOPT
NPTEFMBJNQVOJEBE QPSVTVSQBDJOEFGVODJPOFTy
&TUPIBDFSFDPSEBSB$MBVEJB
MBNBESFEFVOQPMJDBEFTBQB y4VFTUSBUFHJBOPTMPFTMBEFTBQBSJDJO
UBNCJOFTMB
SFDJEP
FMNPNFOUPFOFMRVFMBTBVUPSJEBEFTMBMMFWBSPOTPMB OFHBDJOEFMBKVTUJDJBy
B WFS VOB FYIVNBDJO iZB OP TBCB TJ RVFSB TFHVJS
QFSP y4POFYQFSUPTFOFOWPMWFSUFZFOOPIBDFSOBEB/PNT
BI FTUBCBw
" 3PTB
NBN EF VOB BEPMFTDFOUF BTFTJOBEB
TFIBDFOQFOEFKPT
DVBOEPMBPCMJHBSPOBSFDJCJSIVFTPTRVFOPFSBOEFTVIJKB &TDSJUBTTVTFYQFSJFODJBTFOFMQJ[BSSO
UPNBGPSNB
UB
iRVFQPSDVFTUJPOFTEFTBMVCSJEBEOPQPEBWFSMBw
"-VQJUB NBPZDVFSQPFMNPOTUSVPRVFFOGSFOUBO%FNPNFOUPTF
DVBOEPMMPSFOFMIPNCSPEFMBGVODJPOBSJBRVFSFTVMUUSB FTGVNBFTBTFOTBDJOEFFTUBSBDJFHBT
122 123
i"T WB B TFS NT EJGDJM RVF OPT RVJFSBO IBDFS UPOUBTw
i:BSFQSFTFOUBNPTBPUSBTWDUJNBTw
GFTUFKBBMHVOB "MOBM
VOBEFMBTDPNQBFSBTUPNBMBQBMBCSBZFYQSFTB
4FJT NFTFT EFTQVT
MB QSYJNB WF[ RVF MBT NBESFT Z MBT TV TFOTBDJO EF BNCJWBMFODJB i"VORVF TPT TPO MPHSPT OP
PSHBOJ[BDJPOFTTFFODVFOUSFOEFOVFWPFOFM%JTUSJUP'FEFSBM TJHOJDBO SFTVMUBEPT
QPSRVF BO OP IFNPT SFDVQFSBEP B
QBSBBOBMJ[BSFMDBNJOPBOEBEPZMPTSFUPTRVFTFBWFDJOBODPO OVFTUSPTIJKPTw
FM O EFM TFYFOJP
EFKBSO FM QJ[BSSO MMFOP EF GSBTFT DPSUBT 4JOFNCBSHP
TFMFTOPUBUSBOTGPSNBEBT&TUOSFWFTUJEBT
4POQBMBCSBTRVFOPSFQSFTFOUBOFMUBNBPEFMPTMPHSPTRVF EFVOBEJHOJEBERVFOBEJFMFTRVJUB6OBNBESFOPBHVBOUB
WBOFOVODJBOEPFOWP[BMUBDVBOEP
VOBQPSVOB
EJDFMP MBTHBOBTEFQBTBSBMGSFOUFBMFFSMBDBSUBEFBNPSRVFFTDSJ
RVFDBNCJMPTMUJNPTNFTFT CJQBSBTVIJKPZMBTEFNTMBBDPNQBBODPOTVMMBOUP/P
i"QSFOEJNPTBNBOJGFTUBSOPTTJONJFEPw GBMUBRVJFODJFSSFMPTPKPTFJNBHJOFRVFFMSFFODVFOUSPQVFEF
i%FKBNPTEFTFSJOWJTJCMFTw TFSNTSQJEPZTVFFDPOFMEBFORVFQPESOFOUSBSBMBT
i-PTQFSJPEJTUBTZBOPTIBDFODBTPw DBTBTEFTFHVSJEBE
MBTCPEFHBT
MBTDVFWBT
MPTTFNCSBEPT
i-PHSBNPTUSBFSBMB0/6w MBTDSDFMFTEPOEFUJFOFOFTDMBWJ[BEPTBMPTTVZPT
ZSFTDBUBSMPT
i/PTJOWJUBSPOBIBCMBSFOFMFYUSBOKFSPw
i-BHFOUFZBOPIBCMBEFMFWBOUBEPT
IBCMBEFEFTBQBSFDJEPTw
i.BSDIBNPTKVOUBTFMEFNBZPw
i$BEBNFTOPTSFVOJNPTDPOMBQSPDVSBEVSBQBSBWFSFM
BWBODFEFDBTPTw
i$SFBNPTVOBMFZEFWDUJNBTRVFFMQSFTJEFOUFWFU
QFSP
TFHVJNPTQFMFBOEPw
i4FIJ[PVOQSPUPDPMPQBSBRVFFM.JOJTUFSJP1CMJDPTFQB
RVIBDFSMBTQSJNFSBTIPSBTDVBOEPSFDJCFEFOVODJBTw
i$POPDFNPTMPTNUPEPTRVFVTBFM&TUBEPQBSBDPOGVO
EJSOPTw
i&O $IJIVBIVB TF SFTDBUBSPO DJODP KWFOFT WJWBT Z VOB
FO7FSBDSV[w
i&TUBNPT BRV GBNJMJBT Z PSHBOJ[BDJPOFT EF WBSJPT FTUB
EPT
PSHBOJ[OEPOPTw
i$VBOEPMBTBVUPSJEBEFTWFORVFMMFHBNPTTFQPOFOBUSB -PTOPNCSFTEFBMHVOBTQFSTPOBTRVFBQBSFDFOFOFTUBIJTUPSJBGVFSPO
CBKBSw DBNCJBEPTBQFUJDJOEFFMMBTNJTNBT
124 125
5
+PIO(JCMFS
$VBOEP1FESP5POBOU[JOTBMJEFTVPDJOBZWJPVOIF
MJDQUFSP EF MB .BSJOB TVTQFOEJEP FO FM BJSF
OP UFOB MB
NFOPS JEFB EF MP RVF WFOESB $VFSOBWBDB FO EJDJFNCSF
EFM UPEBWB OP TVGSB MPT QFPSFT BDPOUFDJNJFOUPT EF
John Gibler es autor de .PSJSFO.YJDP sur+, 2012), QPF MBMMBNBEBOBSDPHVFSSB-PTSFQPSUFSPTEFOPUBSPKB
DPNP
NBTQBSBTFSMFEPTFOVOBCBMBDFSB (sur+, 2012) y .YJDP 5POBOU[JO
DPSSFTQPOTBM EF &YDMTJPS
$BEFOB Z 6OJWJ
3FCFMEF (Debate, 2011), y colabor en el libro 1BTEFNVFSUPT TJO
ZB DVCSBO BMHVOBT FTDFOBT EF QFSTPOBT BTFTJOBEBT
DSOJDBTDPOUSBMBJNQVOJEBE (Debate, 2011). Es un periodista DVZPTDBEWFSFTIBCBOTJEPEFQPTJUBEPTFOMBWBQCMJDB
independiente que vive en Mxico desde 2006, escribe artculos DPONFOTBKFTFTDSJUPTFODBSUVMJOBTZSNBEPTQPSFM$SUFM
y reportajes sobre poltica nacional y regional. Ha colaborado 1BDDP 4VS
P $14 1FSP MBT CBMBDFSBT FO QMFOB DJVEBE
en diversos medios impresos estadounidenses y mexicanos, como MBT NBTBDSFT FO MVHBSFT QCMJDPT
FM UFBUSP DBMMFKFSP EF MB
Left Turn, Z Magazine, In These Times, Common Dreams, TBB
UBODPNOZBFOMVHBSFTDPNP$VMJBDO
5JKVBOBZ
Yes! Magazine, ColorLines, Democracy Now!, Milenio Sema- $JVEBE+VSF[
FSBWJTUPDPNPQBSUFEFVOBMFKBOBSFBMJEBE
nal y Contralnea. Se gradu en filosofa en la Universidad de OPSUFB6OBSFBMJEBERVFMPTQFSJPEJTUBTEF.PSFMPTOPEJ
Texas y estudi la maestra en filosofa poltica en la London NFOTJPOBCBOOJFOUFOEBO"MHVOPTDPOFTBOBIPSBIBCFS
School of Economics. TFOUJEPHBOBTEFDVCSJSMP
129
1FESP5POBOU[JOMNFMIFMJDQUFSPNJFOUSBTNBSJOPT %FTEF EJDJFNCSF EFM
DVBOEP 'FMJQF $BMEFSO
CBKBCBO B SBQFM
VOP USBT PUSP
IBDJB MPT DPOEPNJOJPT EF NBOEBMFKSDJUPBMBTDBMMFTFOTVMMBNBEBiHVFSSBDPOUSB
MVKP "MUJUVE .PNFOUPT EFTQVT M Z VO DPMFHB DPSSJFSPO FM OBSDPUSDPw
VO FTUJNBEP EF NJM QFSTPOBT IBCBO
IBDBMPTEFQBSUBNFOUPT TJEPBTFTJOBEBT
IBTUBFTFFOUPODFT-B1SPDVSBEVSB(FOF
&OMBTTJHVJFOUFTIPSBTBNVDIPTSFQPSUFSPTEF$VFSOB SBMEFMB3FQCMJDBOPJOWFTUJHBCBFMQPSDJFOUPEFFTPT
WBDBMFTUPDBSBUJSBSTFBMTVFMPFOUSFMBTCBMBT
JEFOUJDBSTF DBTPT1SFWBMFDBVOBMHJDBFYQMDJUBEFDVMQBSBMNVFSUPEF
BOUFTPMEBEPTRVFMPTFODBPOBCBO
UPNBSJNHFOFTEFFY TVEFTUJOPZBTSFJOBCBMBJNQVOJEBE&OFMNJTNPMBQTP
QMPTJPOFT EF HSBOBEBT
CBMBDFSBT
EFUFOJEPT Z NVFSUPT 6O QFSJPEJTUBT GVFSPO BTFTJOBEPT /JOHVOP EF FTPT DBTPT
QPDPBOUFTEFMBNFEJBOPDIFTVQJFSPORVFGVFS[BTFTQFDJBMFT FTUBCBSFTVFMUP
EFMB.BSJOBBQBSFOUFNFOUFBQPZBEPTQPSFMFNFOUPTEFMB &O
MMFHBS FO MB NBESVHBEB B UPNBS JNHFOFT EF
BHFODJBFTUBEPVOJEFOTFBOUJESPHBT
MB%&"IBCBONBUB DVBUSPIPNCSFTDPMHBEPTEFVOQVFOUFOPTMPFSBFOGSFOUBS
EPBMDBQPEFMOBSDPUSDP"SUVSP#FMUSO-FZWBZBWBSJPT FMUFSSPSEFMPTIFDIPT
SFQSFTFOUBCBVOSJFTHPEFNVFSUF
EFTVTBDPNQBBOUFT 0NTRVFVOSJFTHP
NVDIPT
"TMMFHMBMMBNBEBOBSDPHVFSSBB$VFSOBWBDB
VOEBEF &TU MB BNFOB[B DPOTUBOUF EF iMPT 4FPSFT EF MBT EJGF
EJDJFNCSF
DPNPEFMBOBEB SFOUFT PSHBOJ[BDJPOFT RVF TF EJTQVUBO MB QMB[Bw
QPS DJUBS
i4BCBNPT RVF JCB B UFOFS DPOTFDVFODJBTw
EJKP 1FESP MB DBSUB QVCMJDBEB FO QSJNFSB QMBOB EFM %JBSJP EF +VSF[
5POBOU[JO TPCSF FM PQFSBUJWP EF MB .BSJOB
iZ BQBSFDJ MB CBKP FM UJUVMBSi{2VRVJFSFOEFOPTPUSPT wFOTFQUJFNCSFEFM
QSJNFSBOBSDPNBOUBVOPTEBTPVOBTFNBOBEFTQVTw&TUB USBTEBTEFMBTFTJOBUPEFTVGPUPQFSJPEJTUB
-VJT$BS
NBOUB
SFFYJPO
EFDMBS VOB HVFSSB
iOP VO BKVTUF EF MPT4BOUJBHP
ZBDBTJEPTBPTEFMBTFTJOBUPEFTVSFQPSUF
DVFOUBT
VOBHVFSSBw SP "SNBOEP 3PESHVF[ -B DBSUB FEJUPSJBM TJHVJ BT iMB
1BTBSPOVOQBSEFTFNBOBTEFDBMNBFYUSBBFO.PSFMPTZ QSEJEBEFEPTSFQPSUFSPTEFFTUBDBTBFEJUPSBFONFOPTEF
EFTQVTFNQF[BSPOBBQBSFDFSFOMBTOPDIFTZFOMBTNBESV EPTBPTSFQSFTFOUBVORVFCSBOUPJSSFQBSBCMFQBSBUPEPTMPT
HBEBTMPTDVFSQPTEFTUSP[BEPT
MFOHVBKFEFMUFSSPSFTDSJUPDPO RVFMBCPSBNPTBRVZ
FOQBSUJDVMBS
QBSBTVTGBNJMJBT)B
TFSFT IVNBOPT EFDBQJUBEPT
EFTNFNCSBEPT
EFTHVSBEPT
DFNPT EF TV DPOPDJNJFOUP RVF TPNPT DPNVOJDBEPSFT
OP
DPMHBEPTEFMPTQVFOUFT&OFMFTUBEPEF.PSFMPT
BVOBIPSB BEJWJOPT 1PS UBOUP
DPNP USBCBKBEPSFT EF MB JOGPSNBDJO
EFM%JTUSJUP'FEFSBM
FTFMFOHVBKFFSBOPUJDJB-PTNFEJPTEF RVFSFNPT RVF OPT FYQMJRVFO RV FT MP RVF RVJFSFO EF OP
DPNVOJDBDJOFYJHBOMBOPUBZTPCSFUPEP
MBJNBHFO-PT TPUSPT
RV FT MP RVF QSFUFOEFO RVF QVCMJRVFNPT P EFKF
SFQPSUFSPTBDPTUVNCSBEPTBDVCSJSJODFOEJPT
BTBMUPTZDIP NPTEFQVCMJDBS
QBSBTBCFSBRVBUFOFSOPT6TUFEFTTPO
FO
RVFT
TFFODPOUSBSPOEFQSPOUPBOUFFTDFOBTEFJODBMJDBCMF FTUPTNPNFOUPT
MBTBVUPSJEBEFTEFGBDUPFOFTUBDJVEBE
QPS
CSVUBMJEBE RVFMPTNBOEPTJOTUJUVJEPTMFHBMNFOUFOPIBOQPEJEPIBDFS
130 131
OBEBQBSBJNQFEJSRVFOVFTUSPTDPNQBFSPTTJHBODBZFOEP
FO.PSFMPTRVFTFEJSJHBBVOBDPCFSUVSBQPSMBNBESVHBEB
BQFTBSEFRVFSFJUFSBEBNFOUFTFMPTIFNPTFYJHJEPw &TUBCBOQFSEJEPTZQBSBSPOBVOBDBNJPOFUBRVFWFOBIBDJB
/BEJFMFTDPOUFTU FMMPT
MFTQJEJFSPOPSJFOUBDJO.JFOUSBTMFTEBCBOJOEJDBDJP
i/PTPUSPTCVTDBNPTVOBSFTQVFTUBOBMNFOUFEFMHPCJFS OFTQFSDJCJFSPORVFMPTUSJQVMBOUFTWFOBOEFFTFNJTNPMV
OP
Z FO MVHBS EF FTP TBMJFSPO NVZ B MB EFGFOTJWBw
FYQMJD HBSZBOEBCBOBSNBEPT0FMDBTPEFPUSPTDPNQBFSPTRVF
1FESP 5PSSFT
TVCEJSFDUPS EFM EJBSJP 1SDUJDBNFOUF EJFSPO VOBNBESVHBEBGPUPHSBBCBOBWBSJPTIPNCSFTDPMHBEPTEF
DBSQFUB[PBMBTJOWFTUJHBDJPOFT VOQVFOUF6OBDBNJPOFUB)VNNFSMMFHBMMVHBS
VOUJQP
:FTBGBMUBEFSFTQVFTUBFTQBSUFJOUFHSBMEFMBBNFOB[BOPTMP CBKEFFMMBZDPNFO[BHSBCBSBMPTSFQPSUFSPTDPOVOBIBO
FTRVFiMPT4FPSFTEFMBTEJGFSFOUFTPSHBOJ[BDJPOFTRVFTFEJTQV EJDBN/JMPTQPMJDBT
OJMPTQFSJUPTQSFTFOUFTEJKFSPOOBEB
UBOMBQMB[BwUJFOFOFMQPEFSEFGVFHPZMBDBQBDJEBEPSHBOJ[BUJWB %FTQVTTFFOUFSBSPORVFFMIPNCSFFSB+VMJP3BEJMMB
BMJBT
EFNBUBS
TJOPRVFRVJFOFTEFCFOQSPUFHFSUFPQPSMPNFOPTIBDFS &M/FHSP
BDVTBEPEFMBTFTJOBUPEFTFJTQFSTPOBT
JODMVZFOEP
KVTUJDJBFODBTPEFVOBBHSFTJO
OPMPIBDFO1BSBMPTSFQPSUFSPT B+VBO'SBODJTDP4JDJMJB
FMIJKPEFMQPFUB+BWJFS4JDJMJB
MBBNFOB[BTFIBDFQSFTFOUFBMNPNFOUPEFFTDSJCJSMBOPUBP 0FTUFMSJFTHPEFTBMJSBCVTDBSVOBOPUBZMMFHBSFOQMFOB
NBOEBSMBJNBHFO
FTDPNPVOUFMOEFGPOEP
PTDVSP
JOEF BDDJO#SFOEB3BNSF[
DPSSFTQPOTBMEF6OP57FO$VFS
OJEP
QFSPTJFNQSFEFUSTEFMPRVFTFQSFTFOUFFOFMFTDFOBSJP OBWBDB
DVFOUB RVF DPO VOB DPNQBFSB TF FODPOUS FO MB
i&M OBSDP NBOEB FO NVDIPT MVHBSFT EFM QBT
DPOUSPMB DBMMFDPOQBUSVMMBTEFQPMJDBTZNJOJTUFSJBMFT
EFDJEJFSPOTF
HPCJFSOPTw
NFEJKP+BWJFS7BMEF[$SEFOBT
DPGVOEBEPSEF HVJSMBTZMMFHBSPODFSDBEFMFQJDFOUSPEFVOBCBMBDFSB
3PEPDFZDPSSFTQPOTBMEF-B+PSOBEBFO4JOBMPBi"TFMOBS 5BNCJOFTUFMSJFTHPEFFODPOUSBSTFGSFOUFBGSFOUFDPO
DPNBOEBFOMBTSFEBDDJPOFT$VBOEPUFTDSJCFTVOBOPUB MPTBTFTJOPT6OEB
FO$VMJBDO
MPTSFQPSUFSPTZQPMJDBTMMF
TPCSFFMOBSDP
OPQJFOTBTFOFMFEJUPS
OPQJFOTBTFOFMKFGF HBSPOBMTJUJPEPOEFBDBCBCBOEFTFDVFTUSBSBVOBQFSTPOB"
EFJOGPSNBDJO
OPQJFOTBTFOFMMFDUPSQJFOTBTFOFMOBSDP
MPTQPDPTNJOVUPTSFHSFTMBDBNJPOFUBDPOMPTTFDVFTUSBEPSFT
TJ MF WB B HVTUBS
P TJ MP WF DPNP VO QSPCMFNB P TJ UF WB B VOPTCBKBSPOZFODBPOBSPOBMPTGPUHSBGPTNJFOUSBTEFDBO
BNFOB[BS
P TJ FTUBS FTQFSBOEP QBSB AMFWBOUBSUF &M OBSDP iOBEBEFGPUPT
FIw
MVFHPTFMMFWBSPOBPUSBQFSTPOB&OFTB
NBOEBFOMBSFEBDDJO/PFTOFDFTBSJPRVFBMHVJFOMMFHVF DJVEBE&SOFTUP.BSUOF[
GPUHSBGPEF1SJNFSB)PSB
BUFTUJ
ZUFBNFOBDF
FTUBTJUVBDJOFTZBVOBBNFOB[B&TDPNPTJ HVDNPVODPNBOEPBSNBEPMMFHBMB$SV[3PKBQBSBTBDBS
BMHVJFOUFFTUVWJFSBBQVOUBOEPTJFNQSFw BVOIFSJEPEFCBMB
RVJFONJOVUPTBOUFTTPCSFWJWJBVONVM
1FSP QBSB MPT SFQPSUFSPT RVF BDVEFO B MPT MVHBSFT EF MPT UJIPNJDJEJP%FTQVTBQBSFDJNVFSUP.BSUOF[MPHSDBQUBS
IFDIPT
IBZNVDIPTSJFTHPTNT VOQBSEFJNHFOFTNJFOUSBTTFUJSBCBBMQJTP
&TUFMEFMMFHBSBMBFTDFOBEFVODSJNFOZUPQBSUFDPO -BQSPQJBQPMJDBUBNCJOFTVOSJFTHP1VFEFHPMQFBSP
MPTEFMJODVFOUFT
DPNPGVFFMDBTPEFVOHSVQPEFSFQPSUFSPT RVJUBSFMFRVJQPEFUSBCBKPBMPTQFSJPEJTUBT
PJODMVTPUSBCB
132 133
KBS QBSB MBT PSHBOJ[BDJPOFT EFMJDUJWBT : FTUO MPT MMBNBEPT ***
IBMDPOFT
FNQMFBEPTSBTPTEFMDSJNFOPSHBOJ[BEP
RVFCJFO &MEFKVMJPEFGVFSPODPMPDBEBTDVBUSPNBOUBTFO
TPO UBYJTUBT P NJSPOFT DPO DFMVMBSFT P SBEJPT FO MB NBOP
QVFOUFTQFBUPOBMFTZQPSUPOFTEFMPTNVOJDJQJPTEF$VBVUMB
QBSBJOGPSNBSTPCSFRVJOFTMMFHBOZRVIBDFO +PKVUMB
+VJUFQFDZ:BVUFQFD
.PSFMPT&TDSJUPTTPCSFTCBOBT
&TU FM SJFTHP EF VO DPOJDUP DPO MPT GBNJMJBSFT EF MBT DPOVOBDBMJHSBGBJNQFDBCMFFOUJOUBTOFHSBZSPKB
MPTNFO
WDUJNBTEFVOBTFTJOBUPiTFFTFMQSJODJQBMGBDUPSEFJOTFHV TBKFTBDVTBSPOBWBSJBTQFSTPOBTEFiDPMPDBSMPTOBSDPNFOTBKFT
SJEBEwBMNPNFOUPEFBDVEJSBMBFTDFOBEFVODSJNFO
EJKP QBSBEJTUSBFSBMBDJVEBEBOBw&OMBTNBOUBTTFMFBUBNCJO
1FESP5POBOU[JO
iFMIFDIPEFRVFIBZBGBNJMJBSFT:TPCSF RVFiMBTBVUPSJEBEFTRVFMBCPSBOFOFTUB[POBFTUODPNQSB
UPEPDVBOEPMBTWDUJNBTTUJFOFOBMHPRVFWFSDPOMBEFMJO EBTQPS&EHBS7BMEF[7JMMBSSFBM #BSCZ
w:BIFMNFOTBKFTF
DVFODJB
FTPFTDVBOEPFTNTBHSFTJWBMBDPTBw EJSJHBB7BMEF[7JMMBSSFBMiTBCFNPTEFMBTJOUFODJPOFTRVF
:FTUFMHSBOSJFTHP
JNQSFHOBEPQPSUPEPMPBOUFSJPS
RVF UJFOFT DPOUSB MPT SFQPSUFSPT Z RVF QSPOUP QJFO[BT SFBMJ[BS
SFQSFTFOUBMBDVMUVSBEFMDIBZPUF
FTFMFHBEPEFMPTBPTEFM13* QFSPBOUFTEFRVFFTUPTVDFEBWBNPTQPSVTUFEFTFTDVFTUJO
EPOEFUPEBOPUJDJBUJFOFQSFDJP&MTPCPSOPTFNBOJFTUBFO EFUJFNQPQBSBRVFUFSNJOFODPMHBEPTEFVOQVFOUFDPNP
MBTNFOTVBMJEBEFTRVFQSPQPSDJPOBBMHOGVODJPOBSJPQBSB MPTUSBJEPSFTRVFTPOw"CBKP
MBSNBi"55$14w
UFOFSTJFNQSFFMZBMBPSEFOBMSFQPSUFSP&TUFSJFTHPUPN i$VBOEPMBWFP
EFWFSEBENFDPSSFVOGSPUFSSJCMFw
EJKP
PUSBEJNFOTJODVBOEPSFQSFTFOUBOUFTEFMDSJNFOPSHBOJ[BEP %BWJE.POSPZ
DPSSFTQPOTBMEF.JMFOJPZ"'1FO$VFSOB
BWFDFTEFTQBDIBOEPEFTEFFTDSJUPSJPTHVCFSOBNFOUBMFTTF WBDB.POSPZBHBSSTVUFMGPOPZNBSDB+VTUJOP.JSBOEB
FODBSHBSPOEFSFQBSUJSFMEJOFSP DPSSFTQPOTBMEF&M6OJWFSTBMi&TUPFTUNVZHSBWFw
MFEJKP
-PT SJFTHPT TF IBO USBEVDJEP FO BHSFTJPOFT &O KVMJP iUFOFNPTRVFPSHBOJ[BSOPTQBSBWFSRVWBNPTBIBDFS"WFS
EFM
-BVSB"OHFMJOB#PSCPMMB
UJUVMBSEFMB'JTDBMB DNPWBNPTBSFTQPOEFSZDNPOPTWBNPTBEFGFOEFSw
&TQFDJBMJ[BEBFO"UFODJOB%FMJUPTDPOUSBMB-JCFSUBEEF 4FDJUBSPOFOFM4BOCPSOTEFMDFOUSPEF$VFSOBWBDB$PO
&YQSFTJO
EJKPRVFEFTEFEJDJFNCSFEFM
QFSJP WPDBSPOBUPEPTTVTDPNQBFSPTQFSJPEJTUBTBVOBSFVOJO
EJTUBT GVFSPO BTFTJOBEPT Z EFTBQBSFDJEPT -B GVODJP i{2VUFEBBFOUFOEFS wEJKP&OSJRVF5FKFEB
DPSSFTQPOTBM
OBSJB
RVFTFHO&M6OJWFSTBMHBOBNTEFVONJMMOEF EF/PUJNFY
FOSFGFSFODJBBMNFOTBKF
iRVF-B#BSCJFBUFOUBCB
QFTPT BOVBMFT Z DVFOUB DPO NJMMPOFT EF QFTPT QBSB MB FODPOUSBEFMPTQFSJPEJTUBTZRVFFM$14OPTJCBBEFGFO
PQFSBDJOEFMBTDBMB
OPIBSFTVFMUPVOTPMPDBTPEFTEF EFS&TFFTFMEFUPOBOUF5PEPTGVJNPTBM4BOCPSOTw
FM 1PSFTBTGFDIBTEFM
7BMEF[7JMMBSSFBM
BMJBT-B#BSCJF
1PSUPEPTFTUPTSJFTHPT
BHSFTJPOFTFJNQVOJEBE
.YJDP FSBBDVTBEPEFTFSVOPEFMPTNTTBOHVJOBSJPTBTFTJOPTBTVFM
TFDPOWJSUJFOFMQBTNTQFMJHSPTPQBSBQFSJPEJTUBTFOFM EPFOFMNVOEPEFMOBSDPUSDP GVFEFUFOJEPQPSMB1PMJDB
NVOEPFOMPTBPTZ 'FEFSBMFOBHPTUPEFM
/PTFQPEBJHOPSBSMBQPTJCJMJEBE
134 135
EFRVFDPOUBSBDPOVOQMBOFODPOUSBEFQFSJPEJTUBT/JRVF TFHVSJEBEQBSBQFSJPEJTUBTRVFQPESBTFSSNBEPZBTVNJ
VOHSVQPBVUPEFOPNJOBEPDPNPDSUFMBOVODJBSBTVJOUFO EPQPSFMHPCJFSOPEFMFTUBEP
DJOEFBDUVBSFOEFGFOTBEFMBQSFOTB-BTJUVBDJOFTUBCB
DPNQMJDBEB
TPCSFUPEPQPSFMQPEFSEFGVFHPEFMPTHSVQPT ***
EFMJDUJWPTZMBJNQVOJEBEEFTVTDSNFOFT &TUSFMMB1FESP[B
SFQPSUFSBEF&M3FHJPOBMEFM4VS
RVJFODV
i$VBOEPOPTSFVOJNPT
QSPOUPDBNPTFOMBUFSSJCMFSFBMJ CSFMBTGVFOUFTEFNPWJNJFOUPTTPDJBMFT
EFSFDIPTIVNBOPT
EBEEFRVFOBEJFQPESBIBDFSOBEBQPSOPTPUSPTw
EJKP.PO ZFMQPEFSFKFDVUJWPEFMFTUBEP
GVOHJDPNPNPOJUPSBQPS
SPZi/JMBTFNQSFTBTEVFBTEFMPTNFEJPTOJMPTEJGFSFOUFT NTEFTFJTNFTFT%FTEFTVDBTBMMFWVOBCJUDPSBEFMPT
OJWFMFTEFHPCJFSOPUFOBOQSPHSBNBTFTQFDJBMFTOJTJRVJFSB NPWJNJFOUPTEFMPTSFQPSUFSPTRVFTBMBOFOMBOPDIFPNB
QSPUPDPMPTEFTFHVSJEBEQBSBSFQPSUFSPTUSBCBKBOEPFO[POBT ESVHBEBBDVCSJSFWFOUPTSFMBDJPOBEPTBMDSJNFOPSHBOJ[BEP
EFSJFTHPw $VBOEPBMHOQFSJPEJTUBTFFOUFSBCBEFBMHPPDVSSJEP
MF
i/PT FODPOUSBNPTw DPOUJOV
iBOUF MB SFBMJEBE EF RVF NBSDBCBB1FESP[B
RVJFOBWJTBCBBMPTEFNTQBSBTBCFSTJ
MPOJDPRVFQPEFNPTIBDFSFSBBVUPQSPUFHFSOPT%JKJNPT
BDVEJSBOPOP&MMBBOPUBCBDVBMRVJFSNPWJNJFOUPEFRVJF
CVFOP
{DNPMFIBDFNPT w OFTJCBOBDVCSJSMBOPUJDJB-FTNBSDBCBDBEBPNJOV
4VSHJFSPO QSPQVFTUBT RVF JCBO EFTEF DPNQSBS DIBMFDPT UPTQBSBDPOSNBSDNPFTUBCBO
DVMFTFSBOMBTDPOEJDJPOFT
BOUJCBMBTIBTUBDPOUFTUBSMFBM$14DPONBOUBTEFMPTQFSJP EFTFHVSJEBEFOMB[POB
ZFODVOUPUJFNQPSFBMJ[BSBOMB
EJTUBT EFDMBSBOEP MB JNQBSDJBMJEBE 1FOTBSPO RVF OJOHVOB DPCFSUVSB5PEPRVFEBCBSFHJTUSBEPFOTVMJCSFUB
FSBUJM i1SDUJDBNFOUF FSB DPNP TJ ZP GVFSB DPO FMMPT
QPSRVF
&TFEFKVMJP
MPTSFQPSUFSPTFO$VFSOBWBDBTFUPQBSPO ZP UFOB RVF FTUBS EFTQJFSUB %JHP
NF EBCB NJT QFTUBJ
DPOTVTPMFEBEGSFOUFBMBWJPMFODJBZFMGSBDBTPEFM&TUBEP UBT
QFSP UFOB MB QSFPDVQBDJOw
EJKP 1FESP[B i&MMPT NF
&TUBCBOTPMPT
T
QFSPFTPMPTMMFWBSBBCVTDBSGVFS[BFOPUSP USBOTNJUBOFTFNJFEPRVFMMFHBCBOBTFOUJS
FTBBOHVTUJB0
DBNQPEJTUJOUPBMEFMPTDBSSPTCMJOEBEPT QPSFKFNQMP
FOBMHVOPTEFMPTMVHBSFTBEPOEFFMMPTJCBO
TF
&O MB SFVOJO TVSHJ MB JEFB EF DSFBS VOB SFE RVF QV QFSEB MB TFBM &OUPODFT FSB VOB MPDVSB QPSRVF ZP ZB OP
EJFSBSPNQFSMBTWJFKBTFOWJEJBTFOUSFSFQPSUFSPTZBTFOUBS TBCBTJFTUBCBQBTBOEPBMHPPTMPFSBMBTFBMw
VOBFTUSVDUVSBQBSBMBBVUPQSPUFDDJO
MPRVFTFSBEFTQVT /PUPEPNBSDIBCBTJFNQSFTFHOFMQMBO6OBWF[TFRVFE
MB3FE.FYJDBOBEF3FQPSUFSPT%FDJEJFSPOQSJNFSP
ZEF EPSNJEB/PQBTOBEB
MPTSFQPSUFSPTOPMFBWJTBSPODVBO
JONFEJBUP
DSFBSMBHVSBEFNPOJUPSQBSBMBTDPCFSUVSBT EP JCBO EF SFHSFTP QFOTBOEP KVTUBNFOUF RVF ZB FTUBSB EFT
EFSJFTHPTFHVOEP
ZEVSBOUFMBTTJHVJFOUFTTFNBOBT
DBQB DBOTBOEP &MMB EVSNJ VOB P EPT IPSBT Z EFTQFSU EF HPMQF
DJUBSTFQBSBUSBCBKBSFO[POBTEFQFMJHSPZUFSDFSP
ZNTB %FTFTQFSBEB
FNQF[BNBSDBSMFT
QFSPOPMFDPOUFTUBCBO1PS
MBSHPQMB[P
EFTBSSPMMBSZQSPNPWFSVOQSPUPDPMPFTUBUBMEF OVOPMFDPOUFTUZMFEJKP
iOPUFQSFPDVQFT
ZBFTUBNPTFODBTBw
136 137
1FSPTPCSFUPEPFSBVOBQPZPi&NQF[BCBBIBCFSBDDJP 1BSB FTF FOUPODFT QPS MP NFOPT SFQPSUFSPT Z DVBUSP
OFTFOEPOEFMPTNJTNPTQPMJDBTMPTRVFSBOHPMQFBS
PMFT USBCBKBEPSFT EF NFEJPT IBCBO TJEP BTFTJOBEPT EVSBOUF TV
RVFSBORVJUBSTVNBUFSJBM
wDPOU1FESP[B NBOEBUP
ZOJOHODBTPSFTVFMUP:NTEFNJMQFSTPOBT
&OFTUPTDBTPTMPTSFQPSUFSPTMMBNBCBOB1FESP[BZMFJCBO IBCBONVFSUPFOUPEPFMQBTFOIFDIPTTVQVFTUBNFOUFWJO
JOGPSNBOEPTPCSFMBTJUVBDJOFOMBFTDFOB&OBMHVOPTPUSPT DVMBEPTBMDSJNFOPSHBOJ[BEPPBTVDPNCBUF
ZNFOPTEFM
IJDJFSPO FWJEFOUF TVT QMUJDBT QPS UFMGPOP BOUF BMHO DP USFTQPSDJFOUPEFFTUPTIPNJDJEJPTFTUBCBOTJFOEPJOWFTUJHB
NBOEBOUFEFMBQPMJDBQBSBEFNPTUSBSMFRVFBMHVJFOFOPUSP EPTQPSFMHPCJFSOPGFEFSBM7JPMFODJBEJBSJB
UFSSPSZUSBVNB
MVHBSMPTFTUBCBDVJEBOEP TPDJBM
ZVOBUBTBEFJNQVOJEBEEFMQPSDJFOUP&OFTUF
DPOUFYUPOPIBDFGBMUBCBMBODF
IBDFGBMUBKVTUJDJB
*** 0DIP EBT EFTQVT EFM EJTDVSTP EF $BMEFSO
MPT QSJO
&OTFQUJFNCSFEF
VOQBSEFNFTFTEFTQVTEFRVFMPT DJQBMFTNFEJPTDPNFSDJBMFTEFMQBT
JODMVZFOEPB5FMFWJTB
QFSJPEJTUBTEF.PSFMPTDPNFO[BSPOBPSHBOJ[BSTF
$BMEFSO 57"[UFDB
&YDMTJPSZ&M6OJWFSTBM
SNBSPOVOiBDVFSEP
TFDPNQSPNFUJBDPNCBUJSMBJNQVOJEBEBOUFFM$PNJUQBSB QBSBMBDPCFSUVSBJOGPSNBUJWBEFMBWJPMFODJBw
MMBNBOEP
FO
MB1SPUFDDJOEFMPT1FSJPEJTUBTEJDJFOEPRVFVOTDBMFTQFDJB USFPUSBTDPTBTBiOPJOUFSGFSJSFOFMDPNCBUFBMBEFMJODVFODJBw
MJ[BEPFODSNFOFTDPOUSBQFSJPEJTUBTMMFWBSBBMPTDVMQBCMFT DPNPTJFTPGVFSBFMQSPCMFNB&MEBTJHVJFOUF
-VJT&NBOVFM
BOUFMBKVTUJDJB&OGFCSFSPEFM.JLF0$POOPS
SFQSF 3VJ[$BSSJMMP
SFQPSUFSPEF-B1SFOTBFO.POUFSSFZ
GVFBTFTJ
TFOUBOUFFO.YJDPEFM$PNJU
FTDSJCJFOVOJOGPSNFRVF OBEP/PIBZOJOHOBWBODFFOFMDBTP
i$BMEFSOZTVBENJOJTUSBDJOGSBDBTBSPOFODBTJDBEBQBTPw i-BDSUJDBFO.YJDPBMHPCJFSOP
FOQBSUJDVMBSBMGFEFSBM
FT
3FDPOPDJ RVF MB BENJOJTUSBDJO UPN DJFSUBT BDDJPOFT FO JOUFOTBw
EJKP$BMEFSOFOBHPTUPEFMi:RVCVFOPRVFMP
iQFSPTJOOJOHOBWBODF
EFKBOEPBMPTQFSJPEJTUBTTJO TFBFOUSNJOPTEFOVFTUSBEFNPDSBDJBZEFOVFTUSBQMVSBMJEBE
SB[POFT QBSB QFOTBS RVF FM DMJNB EF JNQVOJEBE DBNCJBS QFSPFTPOPEFCFMMFWBSOPTBPNJTJPOFTFOMBOBSSBUJWBEFMQSPCMF
QSPOUPw NB
FOFTBOBSSBUJWBIBZVOBWFSEBEFMFNFOUBMRVFOPQPEFNPT
&O FTUF DPOUFYUP EF BTFTJOBUPT
BHSFTJPOFT
F JNQVOJEBE
FM QFSEFSFMWFSEBEFSPFOFNJHP
MBBNFOB[BBMBTPDJFEBETPOMPT
QSFTJEFOUF$BMEFSO
FOVOEJTDVSTPBOUFFM'PSP.YJDPFM DSJNJOBMFT
OPFTFMHPCJFSOP
QPSMPNFOPTOPFOFTUFDBTPw
EFNBS[PEFM
EJKPiTJZPOPIVCJFSBTJEPQPMUJDP
BMPNFKPS 2VJOFTiDSJNJOBMwZRVJOOPFTBMHPFYUSFNBEBNFO
IBHP
NFEFEJDPBMQFSJPEJTNP
RVFUBNCJONFHVTUB
FTVOB UFEJGDJMEFEFTDJGSBSFOFTUPTMUJNPTBPT4FHOMBMHJ
QSPGFTJORVFSFTQFUP1FSPIVCJFSBIFDIPVOQFSJEJDPRVFTF DBEF$BMEFSO
TJFTUTNVFSUPFTQPSRVFFOBMHPBOEBCBT
MMBNBSB#BMBODF
{OP :FOMBQSJNFSBQMBOBQPOESB
EFVOMBEP
FTEFDJS
GVJTUFDSJNJOBM
ZTJFTUTMMFWBOEPVOVOJGPSNFEF
UPEBTMBTOPUJDJBTNBMBT
MBTNTJNQPSUBOUFT
ZEFMPUSPMBEPEF QPMJDB P TPMEBEP
FOUPODFT BOEBT CJFO
OP QVFEFT IBDFS FM
MBQSJNFSBQMBOB
UPEBTMBTOPUJDJBTCVFOBT
MBTNTJNQPSUBOUFTw NBM 6OP EF MPT QSJODJQBMFT SFUPT EFM QFSJPEJTNP EVSBOUF
138 139
FMTFYFOJPEF$BMEFSOIBTJEPQSFDJTBNFOUFEFSSVNCBS
DPO MBGPSNBFORVFDVCSJNPTMBOPUJDJBw
EJKP2VJOUFSPZTFBM
JOWFTUJHBDJPOFT Z EPDVNFOUBDJO EF IFDIPT DPODSFUPT
FTUB PUSPQVOUPDMBWFFOMBBVUPDSUJDBIBDJBMBWJPMFODJBEFMMFO
GBMTBEJTUJODJO HVBKFFNQMFBEBFONVDIPTNFEJPTRVFJNQMDJUBPFYQMDJUB
1FSP$BMEFSORVJFSFRVFMPTQFSJPEJTUBTBQPZFOEFFOUSB NFOUFWVFMWFBWJDUJNJ[BSBQFSTPOBTBTFTJOBEBTiFMHPCJFSOP
EBBMHPCJFSOP DPOFTPTFMJNQJBMBTNBOPTw
i1BSBNFTNVZEJGDJMIBDFSQFSJPEJTNPUPNBOEPQBSUJEP i-MFHVBTBCFSRVFJOWPMVOUBSJBNFOUFSBNPTQPSUBWPDFTEFMB
EFBOUFNBOPw
NFEJKP-VJT1FUFSTFO
EJSFDUPSEF.VMUJNF EFMJODVFODJBPSHBOJ[BEBw
EJKPi-FDSFBTVOBJNBHFOEFQP
EJPTFO.POUFSSFZ
FOFMi1BSFDFRVFBRVTFUJFOFRVF EFS1PSRVFUBNCJOFTVOBFTUSBUFHJBNFEJUJDBMBRVFFMMPT
IBDFSZFMUPNBSQBSUJEPFTVOBJOTUJUVDJORVFFTUFOSJFTHP VUJMJ[BCBO /PTPUSPT OP TBCBNPT DNP DVCSJS MPT IFDIPT
&MFTUBEPNFYJDBOPFTUFONBOPTEFHFOUFOPSFQSFTFOUBUJWB WJPMFOUPT &OUPODFT
B QBSUJS EF BI OPTPUSPT FNQF[BNPT B
RVFMPOJDPRVFUJFOFFTDBQBDJEBEEFGVFHP5PEBFTUBMVDIB DBQBDJUBSOPTw
NFYJDBOB EF BPT QPS MB EFNPDSBDJB Z MB BQFSUVSB
FTP 1FTFBMBEFTDPOBO[BIBDJBMBTBVUPSJEBEFTMPTSFQPSUFSPT
ZB OP FYJTUF {2VJO FKFSDF MB TPCFSBOB {%OEF FTU FM EFMBSFEEFDJEJFSPOQSPNPWFSBOUFFMHPCJFSOPEFMFTUBEPVO
QPEFS &TU FO NBOPT EF FTB HFOUF <OBSDPT> {-B QPMJDB QSPUPDPMPEFTFHVSJEBEQBSBSFQPSUFSPT2VFSBOPCMJHBSMPB
*OMUSBEB5JFOFOVOBCVFOBQBSUFEFMBQPMUJDBJOMUSBEB EFOJSNFEJEBTEFTFHVSJEBEDPOMBHFTUJOEFVOQSPUPDPMP
/PTPUSPT OP QPEFNPT IBDFS QFSJPEJTNP {1PS RV 1PSRVF .BDJFM$BMWP
SFQPSUFSBEF-B6OJOEF.PSFMPT
FTEF
UFOFNPTRVFUFOFSVOBPQJOJOQSFWJBw MPTNJFNCSPTEFMBSFERVFIBUSBCBKBEPFMQSPUPDPMPBQBSUJS
EFQSFHVOUBTDPNP{RVIBDFSTJVOQFSJPEJTUBSFDJCFVOB
*** BNFOB[BEJSFDUBEFMDSJNFOPSHBOJ[BEP {0TJTFDVFTUSBOP
&OTFQUJFNCSFEFMFNQF[BSPOBPSHBOJ[BSZUPNBSUBMMFSFT QSJWBOEFTVMJCFSUBEBVOSFQPSUFSP {$NPSFTQPOEFSBOUF
EFQFSJPEJTNPZTFHVSJEBE$BSMPT2VJOUFSP
VOSFQPSUFSPRVFFO VOBTJUVBDJOBT
FTFFOUPODFTUSBCBKBCBQBSBFMQSJODJQBMQFSJEJDPEFOPUBSPKB i$PO FM HPCJFSOP EFM FTUBEP T IVCP EJTQPTJDJO : DPO
FO.PSFMPT
&YUSB
GVFVOPEFFMMPT"QBSUJSEFMPTDVSTPTEFDJEJ FM $POHSFTP EFM FTUBEP T OPT UPQBNPT DPO QBSFE QPSRVF
EFKBSEFTBMUBSMPTDPSEPOFTQPMJDJBMFTRVFFODFSSBCBOMBFTDFOBEF OPT EFDBO DBTJ DBTJ
AFT PCMJHBDJO EF VTUFEFT WFOJS B QSF
VOBTFTJOBUP
ZNPEFSBSFMMFOHVBKFRVFVTBCBFOTVTOPUBT$BN TFOUBSOPT FM QSPZFDUP Z B WFS TJ MP BQSPCBNPT 4 GVF NVZ
CJMBQBMBCSBiFKFDVUBEPwQPSiWDUJNBw
MBQBMBCSBiMFWBOUBEPw SFOVFOUF
JODMVTP BMHVOPT MFHJTMBEPSFT GVFSPO NVZ HSPTFSPT
QPSiQSJWBEPEFMBMJCFSUBEw
ZiTJDBSJPwQPSiQFSTPOBBSNBEBw A6TUFEFT
{BRVJOFTMFTJNQPSUBO {1BSBRVRVJFSFOVOQSP
i&SBOUSNJOPTRVFFMOBSDPUSDPIBCBJNQVFTUPZOP UPDPMP 6TUFEFT OP TPO FTQFDJBMFT
TPO USBCBKBEPSFT DPNP
TPUSPT FTUCBNPT DPOUSJCVZFOEP DPO FMMPT 'JOBMNFOUF NF UPEPT/POFDFTJUBOVOUSBUBNJFOUPFTQFDJBM
OJVOBMFZFT
EJ DVFOUB RVF OPTPUSPT UFOFNPT NVDIB SFTQPOTBCJMJEBE FO QFDJBMw
SFDVFSEB$BMWP
140 141
1BSBEFNPTUSBSMBVSHFODJBEFVOQSPUPDPMP
BUSBWTEFMB VOBBTBNCMFBZWPUBS6OHSVQPTVCJMBDPOWPDBUPSJBQBSB
SFE EPDVNFOUBSPO WBSJPT DBTPT EF DPNQBFSPT RVF IBCBO MB BTBNCMFB B TV DVFOUB EF GBDFCPPL Z BHSFH VOB FTQFDJF
SFDJCJEPBNFOB[BTPTVGSJEPBMHVOBBHSFTJO EF iWPUB QPS OPTPUSPTw &M PUSP HSVQP TF FOPK Z UBNCJO
6OP EF MPT DBTPT GVF FM EF VOB KPWFO SFQPSUFSB EF MB TVCJTVTQSPQVFTUBTZMBQFUJDJOEFWPUPBMBSFETPDJBM%FM
6OJOEF.PSFMPT
FOFMTVSEFMFTUBEP$VBOEPGVFBDV JOUFSOFU B MBT MMBNBEBT UFMFGOJDBT %F MBT QSPQVFTUBT B MBT
CSJS VO BTBMUP FMMB JEFOUJD B VOP EF MPT DSJNJOBMFT
RVF BDVTBDJPOFTZMPTJOTVMUPT-BNBZPSBEFMPTQBSUJDJQBOUFTNF
SFTVMU TFS VO DPNBOEBOUF EF MB QPMJDB EF $VFSOBWBDB DPOUBSPOTVWFSTJOEFMEFTFODVFOUSP
QFSP&TUSFMMB1FESP[B
-F DBZFSPO WBSJBT BNFOB[BT EJSFDUBT QPS UFMGPOP
FO MBT FOVOBGSBTFSFTVNJMBTEJGFSFOUFTQPTJDJPOFTiFOVOEBTF
RVF MF EJKFSPO iUF WBNPT B NBUBS
TBCFNPT EOEF WJWFTw GVFBMDBSBKPUPEPw
&MMBOVODBJNBHJOMBEJNFOTJOEFTVOPUBZFOUSFOQ /VODBTFSFBMJ[MBBTBNCMFB-BNJUBEEFMPTQFSJPEJTUBT
OJDP4VTBNJHPTZDPMFHBTJOUFOUBSPOQSPUFHFSMBZBZVEBSMB TBMJEFMB3FE.FYJDBOBEF3FQPSUFSPTBVORVFTFHVBOPS
BUSBORVJMJ[BSTF-BTBNFOB[BTOPQBTBSPOBVOBBHSFTJO HBOJ[BEPTFOUSFFMMPT-BPUSBNJUBETFRVFEDPOFMOPNCSF
GTJDB
QFSPMBFYQFSJFODJBSFTBMUMBOFDFTJEBEEFFMBCPSBSZ EFMB3FE-PTEPTHSVQPTTFHVBOQSPNPWJFOEPFMQSPUPDP
FTUBCMFDFSNFEJEBTEFTFHVSJEBECTJDBTQBSBTJUVBDJPOFTEF MPEFTFHVSJEBE
NVDIPSJFTHP &OFTUPTMUJNPTBPTPUSPTSFQPSUFSPTEFBQJFEFSFHJP
i&O .PSFMPT FTUCBNPT IBDJFOEP VO USBCBKP QBSB RVF OFTQFMJHSPTBTDPNFO[BSPOBPSHBOJ[BSTFFOUSFFMMPT
BTBCJFO
OPQBTBSBMPRVFFOPUSPTFTUBEPTw
NFEJKP$BMWPi*ODMVTP EBT EF RVF OJ TVT FNQSFTBT OJ FM HPCJFSOP WFMBSBO QPS TV
IJDJNPTFMFTGVFS[PEFWFOEFSMFTMBJEFBBMHPCJFSOPEFRVF TFHVSJEBE &O $JVEBE +VSF[ Z FO $IJIVBIVB SFEFT SFDJO
.PSFMPTGVFSBFMDPOPBOJWFMOBDJPOBMQPSMBEJTQPTJDJO DSFBEBT PSHBOJ[BSPO UBMMFSFT EF TFHVSJEBE QBSB DPCFSUVSBT
EFMUFNBEFOPTPUSPT
OPTPMBNFOUFFOMBMJCFSUBEEFFY SJFTHPTBT &O $IJBQBT TF DSF VO CMPRVF EF SFQPSUFSPT RVF
QSFTJO TJOP RVF IVCJFTF NFEJEBT EF TFHVSJEBE EFM QSPQJP USBTDBQBDJUBSTFFOQFSJPEJTNPEJHJUBMVTBSPOFMUVJUFSZMPT
FTUBEPQBSBQSPUFHFSBTVTQFSJPEJTUBT1FSPOBMNFOUFEJKJ CMPHT QBSB EJGVOEJS JOGPSNBDJO DFOTVSBEB &O 7FSBDSV[
NPTRVFFTTVPCMJHBDJOMFHBM/PFTRVFTFBNPTFTQFDJBMFT EFTQVTEFDJODPBTFTJOBUPTEFQFSJPEJTUBTFONFOPTEFVO
)BZMFZFTRVFOPTQSPUFHFOZVTUFEFTUJFOFORVFQPOFSUPEB NFT
VOHSVQPEFSFQPSUFSPTQPMJDJBDPTFMBCPSBSPOVOQSPUP
FTBEJTQPTJDJOw DPMPQBSBBDUJWBSFODBTPTEFFNFSHFODJB
$POFMOEFQSPNPWFSFMQSPUPDPMPWBSJPTNJFNCSPTEFMB "NFEJPBPEFMBEJWJTJOEFMPTQFSJPEJTUBTEF.PSFMPT
SFEGPSNBSPOVOBBTPDJBDJODJWJMZVOBNFTBEJSFDUJWBQBSB TFIBCBODBMNBEPMBTBHVBT
MB3FEFTUBCBFTUBODBEB
QFSP
EFMFHBSMBSFQSFTFOUBDJOEFMHSVQPBOUFFMFTUBEP0USPTOP TVT NJFNCSPT TFHVBO PSHBOJ[OEPTF EF GPSNB JOGPSNBM
FTUVWJFSPOEFBDVFSEP)BCBEPTHSVQPTCVTDBOEPMPTQVFT -FTQSFHVOU
{RVQBTDPOFMQSPDFTPEFPSHBOJ[BDJOFO
UPTEFMBEJSJHFODJB"DPSEBSPOOPIBDFSDBNQBB
DPOWPDBS MB3FE
142 143
i{2VFTMPRVFNTTFIBRVFEBEP 1VFT
MPTDPOPDJNJFO GPUHSBGP EF 1SPDFTP &O FM DPDIF MF QSFHVOU TJ MB HVFSSB
UPTw
EJKP%BWJE.POSPZi&ONJDBTPZPOPWFPVOBDPCFSUV TFHVB
ZCBKPDVMFTEJONJDBT
SBJHVBMRVFBOUFT"OUFTCVTDBCBUPEPTMPTEFUBMMFT
QFSPIBZ i-BHVFSSBBRVFTQPSMBWFOUBw
EJKP5POBOU[JOi&MOBS
DPTBTRVFDPOMPTDVSTPTOPTIFNPTEBEPDVFOUBRVFQSJNFSP DPNFOVEFPBRVFTBMUTJNP)BZVOOJWFMEFDPOTVNPDPNP
OP WBMFO MB QFOB
Z TFHVOEP
IBDFT WDUJNBT B MBT QFSTPOBT FO$JVEBE+VSF[ZBIPSBFNQJF[BBIBCFSBEJDUPTBMBIFSP
DVBOEPMBTFYQPOFT:BOPIBHPMBTNJTNBTJNHFOFTRVFBO OB
MPRVFOPTFWFBBOUFTw
UFT*OUFOUPDVJEBSVOQPDPFMOHVMPTJOQFSEFSFTBMJCFSUBE
&OFMDBNJOP
NJFOUSBTMMFHCBNPTBMBFTDFOBEFMDSJNFO
TJOQFSEFSFTBFTFODJBEFJOGPSNBSEFMPRVFFTUQBTBOEP:P MMBNQPSUFMGPOPBVOQBSEFDPNQBFSPTQBSBBWJTBSMFTEFM
NFRVFEPDPOFTP
DPOMPRVFIFNPTBQSFOEJEPQBSBBVUPQSP EFTDVCSJNJFOUPEFMBGPTBDMBOEFTUJOB
UFHFSOPT
QBSBOPTFSUBOBHSFTJWPTDPOMBTPDJFEBEw i)JDJNPTNVDIPIJODBQJw
NFEJKP
iNVDIPOGBTJTFO
&ONVDIPTMVHBSFTEFMQBT
NFEJKP.BDJFM$BMWP
IBZ[POBT RVFFO.PSFMPTOPIBZRVFDFEFSBMTJMFODJP&OPUSPTFTUB
EFTJMFODJPEPOEFMPTSFQPSUFSPT
QPSNVZEJTUJOUBTSB[POFT
iFO EPT
DPNQBFSPTDBZFSPOQPSFSSPSFTFOFMTJMFODJPZDPOFM
TVNPNFOUPOPTFPSHBOJ[BSPO
OPTFQSPUFHJFSPOZUFSNJOBSPO TJMFODJPMBWJPMFODJBTFQVFEFQPOFSQFPS:PDSFPRVFQBSUF
TJFOEPDBMMBEPTZEPNJOBEPTUBOUPQPSFM&TUBEPDPNPQPSMBT EFMBJODPOGPSNJEBETPDJBMRVFTFTJFOUFQPSMPRVFFTUQB
PSHBOJ[BDJPOFTDSJNJOBMFTw TBOEPFTQPSOPIBCFSDBEPFOFMTJMFODJPw
i%JKJNPT
QVFTIBZRVFIBDFSFMFTGVFS[PEFPSHBOJ[BSOPT
-MBNBVODPNQBFSPZMFQSFHVOUi{QPSEOEFWBT w
QPSRVFTJEFKBNPTRVFMBBQMBOBEPSBQBTFQPSOPTPUSPT
EFT &TUCBNPTZBFOMBPSJMMBEF$VFSOBWBDB
DFSDBEFMMVHBS
QVTOPTWBBQBTBSFYBDUBNFOUFMPNJTNPw
EJKP$BMWPi:EF EPOEFFOUFSSBSPOMPTDVFSQPT&MDPOUSBTUFDPOFMDFOUSPUV
IFDIP
DSFPRVFTMPHSBNPTFMPCKFUJWP
BQFTBSEFMBTEJGFSFO STUJDPEFMBDJVEBEOPQVEPTFSNBZPS4FQBSFDBNTBMBT
DJBTZMBTCSPODBTRVFIFNPTUFOJEP
BMDBO[BNPTFTFPCKFUJWP PSJMMBTEF&DBUFQFDPBMBTMUJNBTDBTBTEFVOBFYUFOTBGBWFMB
EFMPHSBSRVFOPOPTDBMMBSBOw EF3PEF+BOFJSP
$BNJOBOEPIBDJBMBDBTBEPOEFFODPOUSBSPOMPTDVFSQPT
*** .BSHBSJUP1SF[TFNFBDFSD7FBNPTMBTDPMJOBTDPODBTBT
&OMPTQSJNFSPTEBTEFNBZPEFMBDPNQBB1FESP QFRVFBTZQSFDBSJBTIFDIBTEFDPODSFUPZMPOB
CBKPFMTPM
5POBOU[JOBTVTKPSOBEBTEFUSBCBKPMFTVOPEFMPTSFQPSUF GVFSUTJNPZTPCSFMBUJFSSBTFDB
RVFNBEB1SF[NFDPNFOU
SPTEF.PSFMPTRVFNTTBMFBMPTMVHBSFTQBSBDVCSJSIFDIPT TPCSFMBEJGFSFODJBFOUSFMBTiDBMMFTCPOJUBTwEFMDFOUSPEF$VFS
EFWJPMFODJB%PTIPSBTEFTQVTEFIBCFSMMFHBEPBTVPDJOB OBWBDBZMPTCBSSJPTNBSHJOBEPTDPNPTUF
EFMBDPOEJDJO
MF MMFH MB OPUJDJB EFM IBMMB[HP EF VOB OBSDPGPTB RVF JCBO QFTBEBEFMBWJEBZMBDPODFOUSBDJOEFMBWJPMFODJBFOFTUB
BFYIVNBS4BMJNPTFODBNJOPKVOUPDPO#SFOEB3BNSF[
[POB
FMDBNBSHSBGPTDBS3BM-QF[5PSSFTZ.BSHBSJUP1SF[
i:PMPVCJDPDPNPBMHPTPDJBMNFOUFNVZEFOJEPw
EJKP
144 145
i.VDIPT EF MPT FWFOUPT RVF DVCSJNPT FTUO FO DPMPOJBT
QPQVMBSFTDPNPTUB7FT
BRVTFEBOMPTFOGSFOUBNJFOUPT
-
EFBRVTPOMPTNVFSUPT
BRVDPOTVNFOMBESPHB5BMWF[FT
NVZGVFSUFFTPEFMJNQJF[BTPDJBM
QFSPyw
-MFHBNPTGSFOUFBMBDBTBEFVOQJTP
QJOUBEPEFBNBSJ
MMP
TFODJMMBQFSPVOQPDPNTDVJEBEBRVFPUSBTEFMCBSSJP
&TUBCBOWBSJPTQPMJDBTZQFSJUPTFOMBSFKBEFFOUSBEB%FTEF
MB DBMMF EF UFSSBDFSB BMDBO[BNPT B WFS MPT IPZPT EF EPOEF 7BOFTTB+PC
IBCBO TBDBEP EPT DVFSQPT 6O BHFOUF EF MB QPMJDB NVOJ
DJQBMFNQF[BCBBBQVOUBSMPTOPNCSFTEFWBSJPTQFSJPEJTUBT
QSFTFOUFTFOVOBMJCSFUB-MFHBSPOTPMEBEPTZMPTGPUHSBGPTZ
DBNBSHSBGPTCVTDBCBOMBJNBHFOEFMPTNJMJUBSFTFOGSFOUF
EFMBDBTB
%FSFQFOUF
NJFOUSBTFTUBCBOHSBCBOEPBMPTNJMJUBSFTZMB
DBTB
MPTQFSJUPTFNQF[BSPOBSFUJSBSTF5POBOU[JOMFHSJUB
TDBS5PSSFT
iFI
`BI
WFDNPTFWBO(SBCBDNPTFWBOw
.FEJKPiIBZVOBQPMUJDBEFMHPCJFSOPEFMFTUBEPEFPDVM
UBSMBJOGPSNBDJO
QPSFTPTFFTUOZFOEP
QPSRVFOPTPUSPT
FTUBNPTBRV&TUOTVTQFOEJFOEPVOBEJMJHFODJBw
MIBCBFTDVDIBEPRVFBMHVJFOMFEJKPBVOQFSJUPQPSSBEJP
iMBPQFSBDJOTFWBFOQPSMBQSFTFODJBEFMPTNFEJPTw&MO
NFSPRVJFSFEFDJSDBODFMBEP
5SBTDJODPNJOVUPTEFIBCFSMMFHBEP
MBDBTBFTUBCBTPMB
/P EFKBSPO OJOHO DPSEO
OJOHVOB HVBSEJB 6O QPMJDB
EJKPTPMBNFOUFiQVUPFMRVFFOUSFw
i$VBOEPMBBVUPSJEBERVJFSFTJMFODJPw
EJKP5POBOU[JO
ZBEFSFHSFTPFOMBPGJDJOB
iFTQPSRVFFTUJOWPMVDSBEB
&TSFHMB$VBOEPVOBBVUPSJEBEQJEFTJMFODJPOPIBZPUSB
FYQMJDBDJONTRVFMBDPNQMJDJEBEw
146
Vanessa Job es reportera especializada en temas polticos, socia-
les y derechos humanos. Durante ms de tres aos form parte
del equipo de la revista Emeequis y ahora labora en el programa
Punto de Partida con Denise Maerker. A lo largo de su trayec- 1
toria ha escrito en el peridico ABC (Espaa), las revistas Pie
Izquierdo (Bolivia), Este Pas y Cambio. Adems en el peri-
dico El Pas (Colombia), el suplemento Petroleum de Reforma, 2VFOVODBMPTWPMVOUBSJPTDVFOUFOBVOPEFNJTQBESFT
NJT
el peridico Libertas, el suplemento Letra S de La Jornada, El BNJHPT
NJGBNJMJB/VODB:PFODPOUSB3VCO
+BWJFS
+VBO
Grfico de El Universal, la revista Obras de Grupo Expansin, .BOVFM
$BSMPT
3BGBFM
3VCO
"CSBIBN
/PFM
'SBOTIFTDB
y durante tres aos fue corresponsal de Time Inc. en la revista 3JDBSEP
-VJT"MCFSUP$VBUSPDJFOUPTUSFJOUBZOVFWFDVFSQPT
People en Espaol. EFIPNCSFT
NVKFSFTZOJPTBTFTJOBEPTFOMBTFNBOBRVFNF
Es licenciada en Ciencias de la Comunicacin por la Universi- VOBMCMPH.FOPT%BT"RV
EPOEFMPTDJVEBEBOPTTFPGSF
dad Intercontinental en la Ciudad de Mxico. Adems estudi DFODPNPFNCBMTBNBEPSFTDJCFSOUJDPTZEVSBOUFTJFUFEBT
el diplomado en Anlisis Poltico en el CIDE, y otro en Dere- SBTUSFBOMPTDBEWFSFTEFMBTQFSTPOBTBTFTJOBEBTFOMBHVFSSB
chos Humanos impartido por la Universidad Iberoamericana DPOUSBFMOBSDPUSDP
y la Comisin de los Derechos Humanos del Distrito Federal. -PTOPNCSBO
MPTDVFOUBO
TFBMBOFMMVHBSZFMEBRVF
En la sptima edicin del Premio Nacional Rostros de la Discri- BQBSFDJFMDVFSQP
CVTDBOEBUPTEFDNPFTUBCBOWFTUJEPT
minacin 2011 obtuvo una mencin honorfica por el reportaje TJUFOBOVOUBUVBKFPVOBDJDBUSJ[RVFBZVEFBVOGBNJMJBS
Todos los caminos de Mier conducen a Roma, Texas publicado BFODPOUSBSMPT-PTIBOMPDBMJ[BEPZIBZIJTUPSJBTEPOEFMPT
en Emeequis. GBNJMJBSFTDPNQBSUJFSPOFMOPNCSFEFTVEJGVOUPQBSBVOJSMP
149
BFTUFBMUBSEFMBNFNPSJB"TMPIJ[PMBIFSNBOBEF+VBO NTEFNJMNVFSUFTQPSWJPMFODJBFO.YJDP4JIJDJSBNPT
1BCMP/F[.BO[BOP
WDUJNBEFMBWJPMFODJB VODMDVMPEFMUJFNQPJOWFSUJEPFOFTUBUBSFBIBCSBRVFQFOTBS
"MPTWPMVOUBSJPTMFTFOWBOMBTJOTUSVDDJPOFTQPSDPSSFP RVFDBEBQFSTPOBEFTUJOBBMSFEFEPSEFIPSBTTFNBOBMFTQBSB
iBOUFT RVF OBEB RVFSFNPT BHSBEFDFSUF RVF IBZBT RVFSJEP SFBMJ[BSMBCTRVFEBFOWBSJPTQFSJEJDPTFTUBEPQPSFTUBEP
TVNBSUFBFTUFFTGVFS[PDPMFDUJWPUFOFDFTJUBNPT
BTDPNP &MMVOFTRVFMMFHNJUVSOPTFOUWSUJHPBOUFFTUFEVFMP
OFDFTJUBNPTBDVBMRVJFSBRVFRVJFSBJOWPMVDSBSTFFOOVFTUSB QBSUJDJQBUJWPZTPDJBM$POUMPTDBEWFSFTEFQFSTPOBTFN
MVDIB DPOUSB MB JOEJGFSFODJB &TUF USBCBKP OP FT GDJM
FYJHF CPMTBEBT
EFTDVBSUJ[BEBT
UPSUVSBEBT
BDSJCJMMBEBT
DVFSQPTFO
UJFNQPZDVJEBEP
QPSFTPUFQFEJNPTRVFTFBTDPOTDJFOUFEF FTUBEPEFQVUSFGBDDJO
QFSTPOBTZPTBNFOUBTFODPOUSBEBTFO
RVFIBTBERVJSJEPVODPNQSPNJTPDPOFMCMPH
DPORVJFOFT GPTBTDMBOEFTUJOBTFOWBSJPTFTUBEPT
EFDBQJUBEPT
HFOUFBTFTJ
MPWJTJUBO
DPOOVFTUSPTNVFSUPTZDPO.YJDPw OBEBEFTQVTEFVOTFDVFTUSPZWBSJPTNVFSUPTQPSHSBOBEBT
&MJOTUSVDUJWPJODMVZFVOBMJTUBEFNTEFGVFOUFTEF /P FSB DPOTDJFOUF EF UPEBT MBT QFSTPOBT RVF DBEB TFNBOB
JOGPSNBDJOFOUSFCMPHT
NFEJPTEFDPNVOJDBDJOMPDBMFTZ QJFSEFOMBWJEBBOUFFMQPEFSEFMBTFTRVJSMBT
OBDJPOBMFTQBSBRVFMPTWPMVOUBSJPTFTDBSCFOFOUSFMBTOPUBT 6O EB USBT PUSP FT FM NJTNP EFSSBNBS EF TBOHSF
QFSP
QVCMJDBEBT Z EFTFOUJFSSFO FM ONFSP EF QFSTPOBT BTFTJOB IBZBMHVOPTJOTUBOUFTQFPSFTDPNPFMEFNBS[P
DVBOEP
EBT MBWPMVOUBSJB"OB(BCSJFMB+JNOF[DPOUFMDVFSQPEFVOB
1PSMBOPDIFMPTWPMVOUBSJPTSBTUSFBOBMBTWDUJNBTZMBT CFCJUBEFNFTFT
BRVJFOMFNVUJMBSPOMBTNBOPT
TVNBOBVOBCBTFEFEBUPTDPOTUSVJEBDPMFDUJWBNFOUFBUSB
WTEFMCMPH4VTOPNCSFTTPOEFTHSBOBEPTVOPBVOPBUSBWT
EFMBDVFOUB!NFOPTEJBTBRVJ 4
-BBQVFTUBBGVUVSPFTMPHSBSVONFNPSJBMRVFSFDVQFSF
FMOPNCSFEFMBTNJMFTEFQFSTPOBTNVFSUBTFOFTUBHVFSSB &MQBTTFEFTJOUFHSB
QFSPIBZHFOUFiUSBCBKBOEPQPSTVFPT
6O IPNCSF EF BPT EF FEBE
EF NFUSPT EF WJWJFOEPSFBMJEBEFTw%FFTPTBCFNVDIP!.S$SV[4UBS
RVF
FTUBUVSB
DPNQMFYJOSFHVMBS
PKPTDBGDMBSP
GVFCBMFBEPZ QBTBTVTEBTCJFOQMBOUBEPFOFMTVFMPEF5BNBVMJQBT4VT
BSSPKBEPBMBQSFTB5PSSFPODJMMPTEFM.VOJDJQJPEF7JMMB.B DBTJNJMTFHVJEPSFT QFSTPOBTRVFNPOJUPSFBOTVTNFOTBKFT
UBNPSPT
$IJIVBIVB FOUVJUFS
MPDPOPDFODPNP$IVZ
#SJEBO (BCSJFM i/w
EF VO BP Z NFTFT EF FEBE &ODVBOEPFOUSBMNVOEPEFMUVJUFSNPTUSBCBTV
NVSJBDPOTFDVFODJBEFMBTIFSJEBTRVFTVGSJBGVFSBEFVO OPNCSFZSPTUSPFOTVBWBUBS JNBHFOQBSBSFDPOPDFSBDBEB
DFOUSPDPNFSDJBM
FOMBDJVEBEEF/VFWP-BSFEP VTVBSJP
QFSPVOBPNTUBSEF
DVBOEPUPEPFOFMFTUBEP
.FOPT%BT"RVZTVTWPMVOUBSJPTJOJDJBSPOMBMBCPSFM TF WPMWJ QMPNB[PT B EJFTUSB Z TJOJFTUSB
QSFSJ HVBSEBS FM
EFTFQUJFNCSFEFZDBTJEPTBPTEFTQVTIBODPOUBEP BOPOJNBUP
150 151
&SBFMUJFNQPDVBOEPMBHFOUFQPEBDPMFDDJPOBSMPTDBT i)BZNVDIBHFOUFBMBRVFMFEBNJFEPUVJUFBSMPTSFQPSUFT
RVJMMPTEFEJGFSFOUFTDBMJCSFTSFHBEPTQPSMBTDBMMFTEFTQVTEF ZNFDPNQBSUFOMBJOGPSNBDJOQPSNFOTBKFTEJSFDUPT
MMB
MPTFOGSFOUBNJFOUPTFOUSFFMDSUFMEFM(PMGPZ-PT;FUBT&SB NBEBTUFMFGOJDBTPQPSDPSSFP)BZGVODJPOBSJPT
FNQMFBEPT
FMUJFNQPFOFMRVFMBTBVUPSJEBEFTIBCMBCBOEFVOFTUBEPFO EFMNVOJDJQJP
HFOUFRVFOPQVFEFIBDFSOBEBEFNBOFSB
QB[
NJFOUSBTRVFMPTSFQPSUFTFOMBTSFEFTTPDJBMFTFSBOEFTDBMJ PDJBM
QFSPRVFUJFOFOHBOBTEFBZVEBS
FOUPODFTNFQB
DBEPTDPNPQBSUFEFVOBiTJDPTJTTPDJBMw TBOMPTSFQPSUFTZZPMPTQVCMJDP-PIBHPQPSQSPUFHFSOPT
!.S$SV[4UBS FT VOP EF MPT NJFNCSPT EF MB SFTJTUFODJB DPNPDJVEBEBOPT5FOHPGBNJMJBZOPRVJFSPRVFMFTQBTF
DJCFSOUJDBZIBFNJUJEPDFSDBEFNJMUVJUT NFOTBKFTEF OBEBZFTUPTSFQPSUFTTFHVSPRVFIBOTBMWBEPWJEBTw
EJDF
DBSBDUFSFT
%FEJDBCVFOBQBSUFEFTVUJFNQPBBDUJWBS WBTLZQF
BMFSUBTEFTFHVSJEBEBUSBWTEFTVDVFOUB &M KPWFO
OBDJEP FO VOB GBNJMJB EF DPNFSDJBOUFT EF MB
-PT DJVEBEBOPT DPOGBO FO M 4BCFO RVF VO BWJTP EF $JVEBEEF.YJDPZBIPSBEVFPEFVOBUJFOEBFO3FZOP
CBMBDFSB
FOGSFOUBNJFOUP P EJTUVSCJP FNJUJEP EFTEF TV TB
MMFWBVOBCJUDPSBEFHVFSSB&OFMCMPHIUUQDIVZOFXT
timeline MOFBEFUJFNQPEPOEFTFMFFOMPTNFOTBKFT
FTU CMPHTQPUNYTVCFFMSFHJTUSPEFMBTBMFSUBTRVFFNJUFZOVUSF
WFSJDBEP EF JOGPSNBDJO FM TJUJP "T EPDVNFOUB MP TVDFEJEP FO MBT
5BNCJOJODMVZFSFQPSUFTEFMBTJUVBDJOFOMBTDBSSFUFSBT [POBTNTDPOJDUJWBT
QPSRVFUJFOFDPOUBDUPTDPOMPTDBNJPOFSPTZVOBSFEEF !.S$SV[4UBSOPFTFMOJDPFOEBSBMFSUBTEFTFHVSJEBE
VTVBSJPT RVF B USBWT EF BMFSUBT EF CMBDLCFSSZ NPOJUPSFBO FYJTUFOPUSPTDJVEBEBOPTDPNP!ZFIVBJRVFEFTEF$JVEBE
EJGFSFOUFTTFDUPSFTEF3FZOPTB .BEFSPJOGPSNBMFTVOKPWFOEFBPTRVFTFEFEJDBBMBT
-BFTDFOBTFEBNTPNFOPTBT WFOUBTZBOEBQPSMBDJVEBENPOUBEPFOVOBNPUPDJDMFUB
-BHFOUFBOUFTEFTBMJSEFMUSBCBKP
EFMBFTDVFMBPEFTV i5FOHP DPNP VOB EF MBT SFHMBT OVODB EBS JOGPSNBDJO
DBTBDIFDBMPTSFQPSUFTRVFUVJUFSPTDPNP!.S$SV[4UBSQV BDFSDBEFMBVCJDBDJOEFMBTGVFS[BTBSNBEBTZFNJUJSTMPMBT
CMJDBOQBSBJEFOUJDBSMBT[POBTEFUSOTJUPTFHVSBT BMFSUBTRVFFTUOWBMJEBEBT5FOHPMBGBDJMJEBEEFNPWFSNF
35!$4*3&:/04"1SFDBVDJOHFOUFFOMBTSFBTEF FONJNPUPZDIFDBSMBTJUVBDJO.FTMBDJVEBEDPNPTJ
+BSBDIJOBTVSZTVTBMSFEFEPSFTCBMBDFSBFODVSTPQPSWBSJBT GVFSBVOB(VB3PKJZMFTQVFEPEFDJSBMPTDJVEBEBOPTRV
SFBTSFZOPTBGPMMPXSFZOPTB4%3 SVUBTBMUFSOBUJWBTUPNBSw
!.S$SV[4UBSSFQPSUFHSBOBEB[PFOBHFODJB$IFWSPMFU !ZFIVBJ ZB SFDJCJ BNFOB[BT QPS TV MBCPS
MF EJKFSPO
FO.BUBNPSPT5BNBVMJQBT RVFFTVOTPQMO
VOIBMDOMOPTFBNFESFOUB
QFSPEFCF
!.S$SV[4UBS$BNJPOFUBB[UFLFOTFOUJEPDPOUSBSJP UFOFSDVJEBEP:BFOTFQUJFNCSFEFMFO5BNBVMJQBTBTF
DBMMF1PSSJP%B[FTRVJOBGFSSPDBSSJM
MBBCBOEPOBOZTFNF TJOBSPOBVOBUVJUFSBDPOPDJEBFOMBTSFEFTTPDJBMFTDPNPMB
UFOBDVBSUFSB3FZOPTBGPMMPX /FOB%-BSFEP
152 153
-BQFSJPEJTUB&MJ[BCFUI.BDBT$BTUSPFSBMBNPEFSBEPSB 3PZBMF"OB3FOU
VOBQPQVMBSUVJUFSBRVFEJGVOEFBMFSUBT
ZBENJOJTUSBEPSBEFMTJUJPEFOPUJDJBTJOEFQFOEJFOUFXXX EFTFHVSJEBE
FTUBCBBIDFMFCSBOEPFMDVNQMFBPTEFVOBEF
OVFWPMBSFEPFOWJWPFTUMRVFUFOBNTEFNJMWJTJUBOUFT TVTBNJHBT
"ITFIBDBDBSHPEFMPTDIBUTDPOEFOVODJBTDPOUSBHSVQPT !"OB3FOU
ZBFONJDBTB
TMPHPMQFTZMBIPSSJCMF
EFMOBSDPUSDP"EFNTEFMBQHJOBUFOBVOBDVFOUBFO FYQFSJFODJBWJWJEBFOFM$BTJOP3PZBMFGVFVOBUBRVF5&
UVJUFS
EPOEFUBNCJOTFIBDBOEFOVODJBTBOOJNBT 3303*45"
&MWJFSOFTEFTFQUJFNCSFBMTBMJSEFMBSFEBDDJOEFM .VDIBTQFSTPOBTCVTDBSPOBTVTGBNJMJBSFTBUSBWTEFUP
QFSJEJDP 1SJNFSB )PSB
EPOEF USBCBKBCB
MB QFSJPEJTUB EPTMPTNFEJPT
JODMVZFOEPUVJUFS
TFBQPZBSPOFONUZGPMMPX
EFTBQBSFDJ&TUFEJBSJPFTQSPQJFEBEEFMBMDBMEFEF/VFWP FMIBTIUBH FUJRVFUBUFNUJDB
EPOEFMPTSFHJPTTFDPNQBSUFO
-BSFEP
#FOKBNO(BMWO(NF[ JOGPSNBDJOEFTJUVBDJPOFTEFSJFTHP
&OUSFMPTMUJNPTUVJUTRVFFNJUJFOMBQHJOBEFJOUFSOFU !&EXBSE@#MBDL"OOBEBEFOPUJDJBTTPCSF+PT+BJ
/VFWP-BSFEP&O7JWPTFMFBVOGFTUFKPQPSMBiDBDFSBwEF NF'VFOUFT0WJFEP1PSGBWPSQBTFOFTUFUXFFU!"OB3FOU
[FUBT HSBDJBTEFBOUFNBOPNUZGPMMPX$BTJOP3PZBMF
$BDFSJBEFSBU[[[TJWFOBEPOEFLPSSFOFTPT%&// !"OB3FOUJEFOUJDBNPTB3VCO.PSBMFT$BTUJMMP
T
$*&-04YGB GBMMFDJ
FMWJFSOFTMPWFMBSFNPT
UFOBBPTZFSBTVQSJNFS
%FTEFMBDVFOUBFOUVJUFS!OVFWPMBSFEPWJWPTFFTDSJCJ EBFOFTFUSBCBKP
OVFWPMBSFEP1SFDBVDJOFODPM0SBEFMZ$BNQBOBSJP !BOBPTUSJDI+FOOZ"MFKBOESB(BSDB5PMFEBOPFTUBCB
DBDFSBEFMBDSBTFOFTBTDPMPOJBTTFSFQPSUBOEFUPOBDJPOFTB FOFM$BTJOP3PZBMFIPZQPSGBWPSTJBMHVJFOTBCFBMHPBWJ
MBTBN TF35QPSGBWPS!"OB3FOU!%FTEF-B3JTDB
OVFWPMBSFEP 3&%"%" %& -" 10-*$*" '&%& "TVTBPT"OB3FOUUJFOFNTEFNJMTFHVJEPSFT
3"- $033&5&"/%0 '"-404 53".*5"%03&4 ZIBFNJUJEPDBTJNJMUVJUT-BHFOUFMBSFDPOPDFFOMB
10316&/5&**
:"&3")03"1. DBMMF
MFBHSBEFDFTVMBCPS
BWFDFTMFJOWJUBMBDVFOUBPIBTUB
&MDVFSQPEFMB/FOB%-BSFEPBQBSFDJDPOVONFOTBKF MF QJEF SFUSBUBSTF DPO FMMB i$POGBO FO N QPSRVF UFOHP
i"RVFTUPZQPSNJTSFQPSUFTZMPTTVZPTw1BSBBMHVOPTTF VOBSFEEFDPOUBDUPTFOUSFQFSJPEJTUBT
CPNCFSPT
QPMUJDPT
FRVJWPDBMUPNBSQBSUJEP
QBSBPUSPTFSBVOBIFSPOB QBSBNEJDPTRVFNFEBOJOGPSNBDJORVFFMMPTOPQVFEFO
&O.POUFSSFZ
FMKVFWFTEFBHPTUPEF
FTUBTSFEFT EJGVOEJSw
FYQMJDBWBTLZQF
EFDJCFSOBVUBTEFNPTUSBSPOTVVUJMJEBEBOUFMBFNFSHFODJB "OB3FOUOPIBTBMJEPJMFTBEFUPEBFTUBMBCPSRVFSFBMJ[B
&TB UBSEF FM QBT FTUBCB EF MVUP QPS MB NVFSUF EF QFS BMJOGPSNBSEFMBWJPMFODJB1PSFMFTUSTOPQPEBFYUFOEFSOJ
TPOBT
FOUSF FMMPT EPT NVKFSFT FNCBSB[BEBT
WDUJNBT EFM NBOUFOFSMBTQJFSOBTRVJFUBT
UFOBGVFSUFTEPMPSFTEFDBCF[B
JODFOEJP QSPWPDBEP QPS VO DPNBOEP EF [FUBT BM $BTJOP WNJUPTZIBCBQFSEJEPQBSDJBMNFOUFMBWJTUB
154 155
"IPSB
ZBSFDVQFSBEB
DPOUJOBTVUSBCBKPWPMVOUBSJPEFT &OFTFNPNFOUPFMHPCJFSOPFTUBCBTVNJEPFOFMTJMFODJP
EFMBTSFEFTTPDJBMFT
DPOWFODJEBEFRVFOPRVJFSFTFSiEFTFS BQBSFOUBOEP VOB TVQVFTUB QB[
MPT NFEJPT OP JOGPSNBCBO
UPSBEFMBFTQFSBO[Bw EFMBWJPMFODJBZMPTDJVEBEBOPTTMPUFOBOBTVBMDBODFMBT
IFSSBNJFOUBTWJSUVBMFTQBSBFOUFSBSTFEFMPRVFTVDFEB
$JFSUPFTRVFFOFTBWPSHJOFEFMBTSFEFTTPDJBMFT
MBJO
( GPSNBDJOOPFTUBCBWFSJDBEBZBMHVOPTGBMTPTSVNPSFTTF
FTQBSDBOTJONFEJSMBTDPOTFDVFODJBT"EFNTEFRVFFMDSJ
.BSVDIJUJFOFNJFEP$VBOEPJOUFOUBTIBCMBSDPOFMMBTP NFOPSHBOJ[BEPVUJMJ[BCBMBSFEDPNPIFSSBNJFOUBEFQSP
CSF MPT EBT RVF QBT FO MB DSDFM BDVTBEB EF DJCFSUF QBHBOEB QBSB EJGVOEJS WJEFPT DPO TVT BKVTUFT EF DVFOUBT Z
SSPSJTNP
TFQPOFOFSWJPTB&TUTFHVSBEFRVFMBFTQBOB BDDJPOFTWJPMFOUBT
USBWTEFTVUFMGPOP
TVTNFOTBKFTEFDPSSFPZMBTQMUJDBT -B OPDIF EFM KVFWFT EF BHPTUP EF
FO MBT OPUJ
FOFMDIBU DJBT.BSVDIJFTDVDIBM1SPDVSBEPSEF+VTUJDJBEF7FSBDSV[
" .BSB EF +FTT #SBWP 1BHPEB
DPOPDJEB DPNP .BSV 3FZOBMEP&TDPCBS
BDVTBSBBMHVOPTiJOUFMFDUVBMFTwEFQSP
DIJ
ZB(JMCFSUP.BSUOF[7FSB
FMHPCJFSOPEF7FSBDSV[MPT WPDBSFMDBPTTPDJBM%FTEFMBWFSTJOPDJBMZEFMPTNFEJPT
BDVT EF UFSSPSJTNP Z TBCPUBKF QPS EJGVOEJS FO GBDFCPPL Z EFDPNVOJDBDJO
MPTUVJUTHFOFSBSPOTJDPTJT
MPTQBESFTDP
UVJUFSJOGPSNBDJOGBMTBEFVOBUBRVFEFHSVQPTEFMDSJNFO SSJFSPOBUFNPSJ[BEPTQPSTVTIJKPTBMBTFTDVFMBTZBVNFOUB
PSHBOJ[BEPBFTDVFMBT SPOMPTBDDJEFOUFTBVUPNPWJMTUJDPT&MGVODJPOBSJPBNFOB[
-PTNFEJPTEFDPNVOJDBDJOSFFSFORVF.BSVDIJFTDSJ DPOFODBSDFMBSMPT
CJFOTVNVSPi1PSGBWPSWBZBOQPSTVTIJKPT4FEFOBTVHJF i"MEBTJHVJFOUFNJIJKBNFMMBNQBSBEFDJSNFRVFIB
SFZPSEFOBFMEFTBMPKPEFMBTFTDVFMBTw CBOJEPVOPTIPNCSFTBTVDBTB
QBSBRVFTBMJFSBMFRVJUBSPO
/PFSBMBQSJNFSBWF[RVFQSFWFOBBTVTBNJHPTFOGBDFCPPL FMNFEJEPSEFMBMV[
MVFHPMBBCPGFUFBSPOZMFQJEJFSPORVF
TPCSFBMHVOBTJUVBDJOEFSJFTHPBOUFMBJOTFHVSJEBEEFMFTUBEP NFEJKFSBRVFTJOPNFDBMMBCBMBNBUBSBO4VIJKPEFTFJT
.BSVDIJDPNFO[BVTBSMBTSFEFTTPDJBMFTQPSEJWFSTJO
BPTRVJTPEFGFOEFSMB
MPBWFOUBSPODPOUSBMBQBSFEZTFHPM
QFSPEFTQVTTFEJPDVFOUBRVFGSFOUFBMBWJPMFODJBHFOFSBEB QFMBDBCF[Bw
QPSFMOBSDPUSDP
QPEBOTFSVOJOTUSVNFOUPEFQSPUFDDJO .BSVDIJQPTUFFOTVGBDFCPPLMPTVDFEJEPZBOVODJRVF
DJVEBEBOBNVZQPEFSPTP"VORVFQSFTVNFDPNPDJFSUPTMB OPQVCMJDBSBNT4BMJBMBDBMMFCVTDBOEPUSBORVJMJ[BSTFZ
NBZPSB EF TVT SFQPSUFT
BDFQUB RVF BMHVOPT DBSFDBO EF BIMBBQSFIFOEJFSPOVOPTIPNCSFTWFTUJEPTEFDJWJM
TVTUFOUP&TUPBCPOBMEFCBUFOBDJPOBMTPCSFMBQPDBNBEV .T P NFOPT BM NJTNP UJFNQP FO RVF .BSVDIJ QVCMJ
SBDJOEFMBTIFSSBNJFOUBTWJSUVBMFTDPNPJOTUSVNFOUPTEF DTPCSFFMTVQVFTUPEFTBMPKPEFFTDVFMBT
(JMCFSUP.BSUOF[
JOGPSNBDJOWFSB[ 7FSB
VO QSPGFTPS EF NBUFNUJDBT EF BPT
EJGVOEJ FM
156 157
QSFTVOUP TFDVFTUSP EF BMVNOPT
MVFHP EF RVF TV DVBEB MF DVBUSPBPTEFQSJTJOZNVMUBEFBNJMEBTEFTBMBSJP
IJ[PFMDPNFOUBSJPQPSUFMGPOP BRVJFOJODVSSBFOFMEFMJUPEFiQFSUVSCBDJOEFMPSEFOQ
i$POSNPFOMB&TD+PSHF"SSPZPEFMB$PM$BSSBO[B CMJDPw
RVFJODMVZFMBEJGVTJOEFSVNPSFTQPSSFEFTTPDJBMFT
TFMMFWBSPOOJPT
HSVQPBSNBEP
QTJDPTJTUPUBMFOMB[POBw
-BMFHJTMBDJOGVFCBVUJ[BEBDPNP-FZ%VBSUF
UVJUFEFTEFTVDVFOUB!HJMJVT@
RVJFOFOFTFNPNFOUP %FTEFFMDJCFSFTQBDJP
MPTDJVEBEBOPTSFBDDJPOBSPOBMJO
UFOBTMPTFHVJEPSFTZIBCBFOWJBEPUVJUT UFOUPEFSFQSFTJO
MEJDFRVFFMNFOTBKFFOWJBEPBMSFEFEPSEFMBTEFMB !FM@HSFDP 4BCFT2VF&M(PCJFSOP.JFOUF$VBOEP OP
NBBOBGVFNPEJDBEP
QVFTOVODBEJPQPSDPOSNBEPFM RVJFSFORVFUFFOUFSFTEFMBTCBMBDFSBTMFWBOUPOFTZOBSDP
IFDIP
OJIBCMEFMBTJDPTJTHFOFSBM ZIBDFOMB-FZ+BWJFS%VBSUFWFSGPMMPX
&MEBEFTVEFUFODJO
IPNCSFTWFTUJEPTEFDJWJMMMFHBSPO 1BSBMB$PNJTJO/BDJPOBMEFMPT%FSFDIPT)VNBOPTFTB
IBTUB EPOEF JNQBSUB DMBTFT QBSB BQSFIFOEFSMP 7JBKBCBO B OPSNBUJWBBUFOUBDPOUSBMBMJCFSUBEEFFYQSFTJOZDSJNJOB
CPSEPEFUSFTDBNJPOFUBTZTFMPMMFWBSPOTJOFYQMJDBDJO MJ[BFMVTPEFMBTIFSSBNJFOUBTWJSUVBMFT-BMFZIBTUBBIPSB
i:PQFOTRVFFSBVOMFWBOUO
TMPDPNQBSBSPONJDBSB TJHVFWJHFOUF
DPOMBEFVOBGPUPRVFUSBBOZNFMMFWBSPOEF#PDBEFM3P &MEFTFQUJFNCSF.BSVDIJZ(JMCFSUPGVFSPOMJCFSBEPT
B9BMBQB.FJOUFSSPHBSPOQPSDBTJIPSBTw%VSBOUFFTF .BSVDIJTFEFKBCSB[BSQPSTVIJKP
FMFYEFMBOUFSPEFMPT5J
UJFNQPFMQSPGFTPSTVGSJJOUJNJEBDJPOFTQPSQBSUFEF3FNJ CVSPOFT3PKPT
HJP0SUJ[
UJUVMBSEFMB%JSFDDJO(FOFSBMEF1SFWFODJOZ "(JMCFSUPMPFTQFSBCBTVNBESFBGVFSBEFMBQSJTJO"IP
3FBEBQUBDJO4PDJBM
QBSBSNBSVOEPDVNFOUPDVZPDPOUF SBFTUDPNQMFUBNFOUFSFDVQFSBEP
QVFTDPNPQSPEVDUPEFM
OJEPOPQVEPDPOPDFS FTUSTEFMBEFUFODJOTVGSJVOBQBSMJTJTGBDJBM
)BTUBPDIPIPSBTEFTQVTEFTVEFUFODJOB(JMCFSUPMFEF &TFEBFMUSJOBSEFUVJUFSTFIJ[PQSFTFOUFDPOMPTNFOTBKFT
KBSPOIBDFSVOBMMBNBEBQBSBBWJTBSEOEFTFFODPOUSBCB4V EFVTVBSJPTBMFSUBOEPTPCSFFMBCBOEPOPEFEPTDBNJPOFUBT
NBESFZBMPIBCBWJTUPFOMBUFMFWJTJO
QVFTMBTBVUPSJEBEFT DPODBEWFSFTFOMBWBQCMJDB
EJFSPOBDPOPDFSMBOPUJDJBEFMBDBQUVSBEFMPTUVJUFSPT i&WJUFO1MB[BEFMBT"NSJDBTwi)BZIPNCSFTBSNBEPTw
(JMCFSUPZ.BSVDIJQFSNBOFDJFSPOQSFTPTDBTJVONFT
DPO i/PTPOTPMEBEPTPNBSJOPT
TVTDBSBTFTUODVCJFSUBTw
JO
MBBNFOB[BEFTFSDPOEFOBEPTBBPTEFDSDFMBDVTBEPTEF GPSNBCBOBOUFTEFRVFMPTQPMJDBTPMPTQFSJPEJTUBTMMFHBSBO
UFSSPSJTNP BMMVHBS
DFSDBEFMBTFEFEFM&ODVFOUSP/BDJPOBMEF1SFTJ
1PSQSFTJPOFTTPDJBMFTZQPMUJDBT
FMQSJJTUB+BWJFS%VBSUF EFOUFTEF5SJCVOBMFT4VQFSJPSFTZ1SPDVSBEPSFT(FOFSBMFTEF
BOVODJWBUVJUFSRVFTVHPCJFSOPEFTJTUBEFQSFTFOUBSMPT +VTUJDJB
RVFTFJOBVHVSBSBNJOVUPTEFTQVT
DBSHPTEFUFSSPSJTNP
QFSPBDBNCJPFM$POHSFTPEFMFTUBEP !FMWFSHPO !+BWJFS@%VBSUF &4504 /0 40/
BQSPCVOBOVFWBHVSBEFMJDUJWBRVFQFOBMJ[BDPOVOPB i36.03&4w %& 58*55&304w5&3303*45"4w
158 159
$"%7&3&4 &/ 16&/5& 7*"- &/ 7&3"$36; MBQSPQVFTUBEFIBDFSVOBDBNQBBQBSBRVFMBHFOUFDPOP
WFSGPMMPX DJFSB MPT UFTUJNPOJPT EF MBT WDUJNBT EPDVNFOUBEPT QPS FM
!PNPOESB%JDFORVF!+BWJFS@%VBSUFWBBEFNBOEBSBMPT DPMFDUJWP&NFSHFODJB.9
DBEWFSFTEF1MB[BMBT"NSJDBTQPSQFSUVSCBSFMPSEFOQCMJDP &OUPODFTOPJNBHJOBCBOFMOPNCSFEFMBBHSVQBDJOOJ
RVFTVYJUPTFMPHSBSBHSBDJBTBMBTSFEFTTPDJBMFT
ZOPBMB
UFMFWJTJO
DPNPMPTVQVTJFSPO
& &NQF[BSPOMBTKVOUBTFUFSOBT
VOBQFSTPOBTVNBMBPUSB
IBTUBRVFEPTNFTFTEFTQVTMMFHFMEBEFHSBCBSMPTEPMPSFT
-BOPDIFFORVFDPOPDBUSFTEFMPTJOUFHSBOUFTEFMBDPNJ EFMBTWDUJNBTFOWP[EFGBNPTPTDPNP%JFHP-VOB
%FNJO
TJOEFSFEFTTPDJBMFTEF&M(SJUP.T'VFSUFFOUFOEFMQPS #JDIJS
0GFMJB .FEJOB
)DUPS #POJMMB
&MZ (VFSSB
5JBS
RVEFMBGVFS[BEFMBDBNQBBFOMPT[BQBUPTEFMPUSP-BBD 4DBOEB
USJ[4PQIJF"MFYBOEFS
MBQSPEVDUPSBEFDJOF,BSMB#VLBOU[ i4FUSBUBEFFOUFOEFS
OPEFSFQSFTFOUBSw
EJDF4PQIJF
RVJFO
ZFMBDBENJDP+PSHF-JOBSFTEFTCPSEBOFOFSHB BEFNTEFTFSVOBEFMBTSFTQPOTBCMFTEFSFEFTTPDJBMFT
QBSUJ
-BTJEFBTMFTVZFOZIBTUBQBSFDJFSBRVFEJFSPOVOOVF DJQFOMBDBNQBBi-PTBDUPSFTFOUSBSPOFOVOBWFSEBEFSB
WPTFOUJEPBTVTWJEBTBUSBWTEF&M(SJUP.T'VFSUF TFOTBDJO EF FNQBUB $VBOEP TBM EFM GPSP TFOUB DPNP TJ
$PNP DPMFDUJWP FTUO QSFPDVQBEPT QPS MB WJPMFODJB IVCJFSBTBMJEPEFVOWFMBUPSJPBEPOEFGVJTUFBEBSUVBQPZP
4FHO TVT DMDVMPT TJ HVBSESBNPT VO NJOVUP EF TJMFO BVOBNJHPw
DJPQPSDBEBNVFSUPEFFTUBHVFSSBFTUBSBNPTEBTTJO -PTBDUPSFTQSFTUBSPOTVWP[BMBTWDUJNBT
NJFOUSBTFOFM
QBMBCSBT GPSPMPTGBNJMJBSFTPCTFSWBCBOMBHSBCBDJODPOMBTGPUPTEF
4JMFODJP4JMFODJP4JMFODJP TVTTFSFTRVFSJEPTFOUSFMBTNBOPT
1FSPFMMPTFTUOBRVEJTQVFTUPTBHSJUBSQBSBIBDFSDPO &OMPTBOVODJPTTFFTDVDIBCBOUFTUJNPOJPTDPNPTUF
DJFODJB EF RVF MPT DVFSQPT EF UPEPT MPT BTFTJOBEPT QVFEFO .JOPNCSFFT.FMDIPS'MPSFT
TPZEFM&TUBEPEF.YJDP
MMFOBSFM'PSP4PMFOMB$JVEBEEF.YJDP .JIJKPFT.FMDIPS'MPSFT)FSOOEF[
NFKPSDPOPDJEPDPNP
"MPTBSUJTUBT
DJOFBTUBT
GPUHSBGPTZQSPEVDUPSFTRVF FM7BRVFSP(BMDUJDP
FTBSUJTUBQFSGPSNFS&MEFGFCSFSPEF
GPSNBOFMDPMFDUJWPWJODVMBEPBM.PWJNJFOUPQPSMB1B[DPO GVF TFDVFTUSBEP QPS MB QPMJDB SFHJB
QPS MBT QBUSVMMBT
+VTUJDJBZ%JHOJEBE
FODBCF[BEPQPSFMQPFUB+BWJFS4JDJMJB
TF
Z-FWBOUMBEFOVODJBZOVODBNFIBOIFDIP
MFTBDBCMBBQBUBZRVJFSFOUFSNJOBSDPOMBHVFSSB DBTP
QFSPZPTJHPBRVCVTDBOEPKVTUJDJB
"IPSBTPOHSJUPOFT %VSBOUFMPTEBTEFHSBCBDJO
BTFTJOBSPOB/FQPNVDFOP
-B QSJNFSB JEFB QBSB PSHBOJ[BSTF MB UVWJFSPO MPT BDUPSFT .PSFOP
VOPEFMPTBDUJWJTUBTEFM.PWJNJFOUPQPSMB1B[RVF
*MTF4BMBTZ%BOJFM(JNOF[$BDIP$POWPDBSPOBPUSPTDPO QFEBKVTUJDJBQPSMBEFUFODJOJMFHBMZEFTBQBSJDJOEFTVIJKP
160 161
"OBTTJHVJFSPOZFMTQPU
RVFZBUJFOFNJMFTEFWJTJUBTFO TJFSPO FO DPOUBDUP B WDUJNBT DPO QFSTPOBT RVF QPEBO
ZPVUVCF
DPODMVB BZVEBSMPT
DPNP VO DPMFDUJWP EF QTJDMPHPT WPMVOUBSJPT
"NTFNFRVJUBFMNJFEPDVBOEPDBNJOBNPTUPEPT RVFBZVEBOBMBHFOUFBTPCSFMMFWBSTVEVFMP
KVOUPT
TFTJFOUFGVFS[B:PMVDIPQPSRVFMPRVFNFQBTB i&ODPOUSBNPTRVFBIPSBTPNPTNTMPTRVFRVFSFNPT
NOPUFQBTFBUJOVODB:PTVFPQPSVOMVHBSFOEPOEF IBDFSBMHP
MPTRVFUFOFNPTNQFUVSFWPMVDJPOBSJP
QFSP
QVFEBODSFDFSOVFTUSPTIJKPT6TUFEFTOPTDPOUBHJBOMBGVFS OPTBCFNPTDNPFODPOUSBSOPTw
EJDF,BSMB
[BDVBOEPTFOUJNPTRVFZBOPQPEFNPT-PTOFDFTJUBNPT
&TDVDIFO
WBOPT
QBSFNPTFTUBHVFSSB
%FTQVTEFMEFFOFSPEF
DVBOEPGVFMBQSFTFO /
UBDJOEFMBDBNQBBFOFM5FBUSPEFMB$JVEBE
TFRVFEB
SPOBTPNCSBEPTQPSMBSFTQVFTUBEFMBHFOUFBQFTBSEFRVF &SBMBOPDIFEFMEFFOFSPEF"MNFOPTHBUJMMFSPT
OJ5FMFWJTBOJ57"[UFDBBDDFEJFSPOBQBVUBSFOTVQSPHSB FOUSBSPOEJTQBSBOEPBVOBFTUBEFDVNQMFBPTFO7JMMBTEF
NBDJOMBDBNQBB 4BMWSDBS
$JVEBE+VSF[
ZBTFTJOBSPOBFTUVEJBOUFT
$POFMBQPZPEFUVJUFSPTZEFGFOTPSFTEFEFSFDIPTIVNBOPT %FTQVT
EJTQBSPTEFDBSBDUFSFTGVFSPOQFSNFBOEPFM
DPNP +FTT !SPCMFTNBMPPG Z %BOJFM (FSTIFOTPO !BMDPOTV DJCFSFTQBDJP-PTUVJUFSPTFOMB$JVEBEEF.YJDPTFPSHBOJ
NJEPSMBDBNQBBFOMBTSFEFTTPDJBMFTTFIJ[PWJSBM [BSPO
EFDJEJFSPOTBMJSEFTVTDBTBT
EJSJHJSTFBMOHFMEFMB
i-PT DPSSFPT FMFDUSOJDPT EFM NPWJNJFOUP TF TBUVSBCBO
*OEFQFOEFODJB
MMFWBSMBTJNHFOFTEFMPTKWFOFTBTFTJOBEPT
IBCBNVDIBTSFBDDJPOFTFOGBDFCPPLZNVDIBTNFODJPOFTFO Z DVCSJS MB FTDBMJOBUB EFM NPOVNFOUP DPO WFMBEPSBT $BEB
UVJUFSw
EJDF4PQIJFNJFOUSBTEBVOTPSCPBTVDBG IPSBEFMBWJHJMJBFTUBCBEFEJDBEBBVOPEFFTUPTFTUVEJBOUFT
5FOBORVFPSHBOJ[BSTFQSPOUPQBSBBUFOEFSBUPEPTFTPT NBTBDSBEPTBDBTJEPTNJMLJMNFUSPTEFEJTUBODJB
DJVEBEBOPT RVF BZVEBO B FODPOUSBS QFSTPOBT EFTBQBSFDJ -BJOEJHOBDJODPNFO[BQSPQBHBSTFFOMBTDVFOUBTEF
EBTDPNQBSUBOTVEFTPMBDJOQPSFMEVFMPEFBMHOGBNJMJBS !STOVOF[
!11NFSJOPZ!SPCMFTNBMPPGZQSPOUPTFTVNBSPO
NBOJGFTUBCBO TVT HBOBT EF BZVEBS B GSFOBS MB WJPMFODJB NVDIPTNTQBSBMMFWBSMBTDPOTJHOBTEFUVJUFSBMBDBMMFZTFS
F
JODMVTP
MPTDVFTUJPOBCBO QBSUFEFMBWJHJMJBQBSBIPOSBSMBNFNPSJBEFMPTKWFOFT
{:BNFQVTFFOFOMPT[BQBUPTEFMPUSPZBIPSBRV
MFBO i!"SBN#BSSB-FQSFOEVOBWFMBB&EHBS.BSUO%B[
FOBMHVOPTNFOTBKFT .BDBTRVFUFOB
IBDFEBT
NJFEBEYw
TFMFBFO
i:PTFOUBBOHVTUJB)BCBNVDIPTHSJUPTEFTFTQFSBEPTFO VOPEFMPTNJMFTEFUVJUT
MBTSFEFTTPDJBMFTw
DPOFTB4PQIJFBMSFDPSEBSMBFYQFSJFODJB %FTEF
+BQO
EPOEF TF FODPOUSBCB EF HJSB
FM QSFTJEFOUF
&OUPODFT TF EFEJDBSPO B WJODVMBS B MBT QFSTPOBT RVF 'FMJQF$BMEFSOEFDMBSRVFMPTKWFOFTNBTBDSBEPTFSBOJOUF
UFOBOMBJORVJFUVEEFIBDFSQSPZFDUPTFOMPTFTUBEPT
QV HSBOUFTEFQBOEJMMBT
BVORVFEFTQVTSFDPOPDJTVJOPDFODJB
162 163
!EBOZDSVZY/JFO+VSF[OJFOOJOHOMVHBS 3FZOPTB
$JVEBE 7JDUPSJB
4BMUJMMP
(VBZNBT
)FSNPTJMMP
EFMNVOEP
FMNJFEPZMBWJPMFODJBOPQVFEFOTFHVJSBWBO 7FSBDSV[
/BZBSJU
1VFCMBZ4FBUUMF
[BOEP
BM[BMBWP[ZTFIBSMBMV[ i'PSNBNPT VO DPMFDUJWP
BQSPWFDIBOEP MBT OVFWBT
!EJPT@QBESF%JPT%FKFNPTMBJSPOBVOSBUPZBQPZF UFDOPMPHBT
DPO MB JEFB EF RVF FO FM BDUVBM DPOUFYUP EF
NPTMBWJHJMJBQPS+VBSF[ZYQBSBRVFFTUBDJVEBEEFK WJPMFODJB
MB JOGPSNBDJO EFCF BQPSUBS B MPT DJVEBEBOPT
EFTFSFM*OFSOPFOMBUJFSSB IFSSBNJFOUBT QBSB FOUFOEFS MP RVF QBTB
TPCSF UPEP BOUF
$PNPTFOBSSBFOFMMJCSP$JVEBEBOPTNY
EFTEF0BYBDB
MPTQFMJHSPTRVFBGSPOUBFMQFSJPEJTNPUSBEJDJPOBMw
DVFOUB
MBBCPHBEB,BSJOB$PSUT!LBSJOB
EFTFVOJSTFBMB 3PCMFT.BMPPG
QSPUFTUBZDBNCJTVBWBUBSQPSVOBWFMBEPSB1JEJRVFPUSPT $PNP DPOUJOHFOUF IBO SFBMJ[BEP BDDJPOFT QBSB FYJHJS
IJDJFSBOMPNJTNPZFOQPDPUJFNQPVOHSBOONFSPEFUVJ MBQSPUFDDJOBEFGFOTPSFTEFEFSFDIPTIVNBOPTEFNBO
UFSPTGPSNBSPOQBSUFEFVOBNBOJGFTUBDJOWJTVBMZTPMJEBSJB EBS KVTUJDJB QPS FM JODFOEJP EF MB HVBSEFSB "#$ EPOEF
DPOMPTQBSJFOUFTEFMBTWDUJNBT NVSJFSPOOJPTZQPSFMBTFTJOBUPEFMBBDUJWJTUB.B
i2VFSBNPTRVFMPTGBNJMJBSFTTFTJOUJFSBOBDPNQBBEPT SJTFMB &TDPCFEP
RVJFO QFSTJHVJ BM IPNJDJEB EF TV IJKB
FOTVEPMPS5BNCJOTJSWJQBSBQBTBSEFMUVJUFSBMBDBMMF
3VC Z FYIJCJ MB JODBQBDJEBE HVCFSOBNFOUBM QBSB IB
TFHVJSDPOTUSVZFOEPDJVEBEBOBZPCMJHBSBMPTNFEJPTDPO DFSMP 5BNCJO IBO UFKJEP TPMJEBSJEBE DPO NPWJNJFOUPT
WFODJPOBMFTBIBCMBSEFMBNBTBDSFw
SFDVFSEB!BMDPOTVNJEPS DPNP-PT2VFSFNPT7JWPT
RVFBM[MBWP[QPSBHSFTJPOFT
&OUPODFTQBSFDBRVFBMHPQPEFSPTPFTUBCBUSJOBOEPBMM BQFSJPEJTUBT
Z-B$BSBWBOBEFM$POTVFMP
RVFDSV[FM
BSSJCB OPSUF EFM QBT QBSB FODPOUSBSTF DPO MPT GBNJMJBSFT EF MBT
-PT UVJUFSBDUJWJTUBT %BOJFM (FSTIFOTPO Z 3PCMFT .B WDUJNBTEFMBHVFSSB
MPPGTPOPQUJNJTUBT
BVORVFTBCFORVFUVJUFSTJHVFTJFOEP &M DPOUJOHFOUF FT TFHVJEP QPS NT EF NJM QFSTPOBT
FMFTQBDJPEFVOBNJOPSBNPUJWBEBFJOGPSNBEB
QFSPNJ RVJFOFTUSBCBKBO
DPNPEJDFO
QBSBGPSNBSDJVEBEBOBFJO
OPSB UFOUBSVODBNCJPFOFTUFQBT
)BOFNQMFBEPTVQPEFSEFDPOWPDBUPSJBFOFTUBSFEDJ
CFSOUJDBQBSBJOUFOUBSEFSSJCBSFMPCTUDVMPGTJDPQBSBMB
PSHBOJ[BDJOTPDJBM*NBHJOBOMBSFEDPNPDBKBEFSFTPOBO /
DJB QBSB FYQSFTBS FM EFTDPOUFOUP -B WFO DPNP VO NFEJP
EFDPNVOJDBDJOBMUFSOBUJWP
UJMQBSBIBDFSBDUJWJTNPFO &OMBWJEBIBZNPNFOUPTRVFTBDVEFOZUFFODVFOUSBTCBKP
MOFBZVOBWBEFQSFTJODPMFDUJWB EPTPQDJPOFTPUFRVFEBTNJSBOEPFMEFSSVNCFPBTVNFT
)PZTFIBDFOMMBNBS!DPOUJOHFOUFNY
VOHSVQPDPNQVFT IBDFS BMHP QPS DBNCJBSMP " MB DBUBMBOB -PMJUB #PTDI FTB
UP QPS ODMFPT DPO WJEB QSPQJB FO .POUFSSFZ
(VBEBMBKBSB
EJTZVOUJWBMFMMFHVONFTEFBHPTUPDVBOEPFTUBCBFO&T
164 165
QBBZTVQPRVFFO.YJDPVOPTDSJNJOBMFTTFDVFTUSBSPOB i-PRVFIBDFNPTDPOFTUFFTGVFS[PFTDPNPNBOEBSNFO
NJHSBOUFTEF$FOUSPZ4VEBNSJDB
JOUFOUBSPOFYUPSTJPOBSMPT
TBKFTFOCPUFMMBTBUSBWTEFMBSFE
TJFNQSFQFOTBOEPFORV
SFDMVUBSMPTZBMOPMPHSBSMP
MFTEJTQBSBSPOQPSMBFTQBMEB4VT FTMPNTVSHFOUFRVFMFTVDFEFBMQBT:FTUPZDPOWFODJEBEF
DVFSQPTGVFSPOBQJMBEPTFOVOBCPEFHBBCBOEPOBEB
FOFMNV RVFMPRVFIBDFNPTHFOFSBFTQFSBO[Bw
OJDJQJPEF4BO'FSOBOEP
5BNBVMJQBT 4VUSBCBKPIBEBEPSFTVMUBEPT
-PMJUBOPWFMJTUBZMTPGB
BCSJTVDPSSFPFMFDUSOJ 3FBMJ[BSPO
BUSBWTEFUFYUPT
VONBQBEFMBWJPMFODJBFO
DPZNBOEVONFOTBKFBMPTBNJHPTZDPOPDJEPTRVFIJ[P FMDPOUJOFOUF
USBUBSPOEFFWJUBSFMDJFSSFEFMBMCFSHVFQBSB
DVBOEPWJWJZTFFOBNPSEF.YJDP NVKFSFT EF MB QFSJPEJTUB -ZEJB $BDIP MBO[BSPO VO OVFWP
{$VOUPT TPNPT Z RV QPEFNPT IBDFS QSFHVOU QSPZFDUPEPOEFMBHFOUFDVFOUBTVTQFTBEJMMBTEFHVFSSBZ
DPOWFODJEB EF RVF MP PDVSSJEP EFCB SFTPMWFSTF EFTEF EJGF DPOWPDBSPOBQSPUFTUBTFOWBSJPTQBTFTFVSPQFPTDPOVOMMB
SFOUFTQVOUPTEFWJTUB NBEPBEFUFOFSMBTBOHSFRVFDPSSFFO.YJDP
&ODPOUSNVDIBHFOUFEFTFPTBEFTBDVEJSTFMBQFSQMFKJEBEZ 5BNCJO
JOTQJSBEPTFOMBDPMPNCJBOB3BEJP$BSBDPMRVF
SFFYJPOBSTPCSFMBHVFSSBDPOUSBFMOBSDPBUSBWTEFMBFTDSJUVSB NBOEBNFOTBKFTBMPTTFDVFTUSBEPT
BCSJFSPOVOFTQBDJPBUSB
-PMJUBMFTQJEJRVFVOJFSBOTVTQMVNBT
EPOBSBOTVUJFN WTEFDBSUBTQBSBEBSWP[BMPTGBNJMJBSFT
BNJHPTZDPMFHBT
QPZDPOTUSVZFSBOKVOUPTVOCMPH
RVFDPOFMQBTPEFMUJFNQP EFQFSTPOBTEFTBQBSFDJEBT
DSFDJ Z NVU FO QPSUBM " UPEP FTUF FTGVFS[P MF EJFSPO FM :B -PVSEFT MF FTDSJCJ B TV IJKP ,SJTUJBO ,BSJN 'MPSFT
OPNCSFEF/VFTUSB"QBSFOUF3FOEJDJOQFOTBOEPFOMBGBMUB )VFSUB&MKPWFOEFTBQBSFDJFMEFBHPTUPEFDVBOEP
EFVONFEJPEFSFDPOTUSVDDJO
EFTBIPHP
NFNPSJB
SFGVHJP
TBMJBUSBCBKBSEF7JMMB+VSF[
/VFWP-FO
SVNCPB1JF
MVDIBZSFFKPEFJOEJHOBDJO ESBT /FHSBT
$PBIVJMB
FO VOB DBNJPOFUB OJTTBO
DPO DBKB
%FBQPDPZDPONVDIPFTGVFS[P
DPNFO[BSPOBQVCMJDBS SFGSJHFSBEB
DPMPSCMBODB"RVVOGSBHNFOUPEFMBTQBMBCSBT
BSUDVMPT
DSOJDBT
DDJO
QPFNBT
FOUSFWJTUBT
FOTBZPT
UFTUJ EFTVNBESF
NPOJPTZDPMBCPSBDJPOFT i`&TDVDIFOUPEPTNJMBNFOUP
FTUPFTQBSBRVFOPKV[HVFO
&MQPSUBMGVODJPOBDPOMBTPMJEBSJEBEEFWPMVOUBSJPTQFS TJO TBCFS
OPT SPCBSPO B OVFTUSPT IJKPT Z OP TBCFNPT DNP
NBOFOUFTRVFEBONBOUFOJNJFOUPBMTJUJP
FEJUBOUFYUPT
DPPS IBDFS
TMPMFQJEPB%JPTRVFOJOHVOPEFVTUFEFTQBTFQPSFTUF
EJOBOQSPZFDUPT
IBCMBOQPSZDPOMBTWDUJNBT
USBCBKBOQPS TVGSJNJFOUPRVFEBBEBOPTFTUDPOTVNJFOEPQPSOPTBCFS
MPTEFSFDIPTIVNBOPT:PUSPTUBOUPTDJVEBEBOPTRVFBQPSUBO OBEB EF FMMPT
,SJTUJBO
BZEBNF B FODPOUSBSUF
BHSSBUF EF
TVUSBCBKPZTVUJFNQPDPNPQBSUFEFMBTBDDJPOFTEFMTJUJP MBNBOPEF%JPT
ZQJEFRVFBUPEBTMBTNBESFTRVFFTUBNPT
i&MDPTUPQSJODJQBMQBSBTPTUFOFS/"3FTMBJOWFSTJOFOUJFN QBTBOEPQPSFTUFEPMPSBOVFTUSPTIJKPTOPTSFHSFTFOIPZw
QPZBMNB
DBEBRVJFOTFPSHBOJ[BQBSBBCSJSFTQBDJPQBSBFMQSP
ZFDUPw
EJDF$PSEFMJB3J[[P
VOBEFMBTDPMBCPSBEPSBTEFMQPSUBM
166 167
: -PMJUBQSPNFUFOPQBSBSQFTFBMBNFSNBFDPONJDBRVF
/"3IBSFQSFTFOUBEPFOTVWJEB
BMEFTHBTUFFNPDJPOBMZMPT
3FDJFOUFNFOUFMBO[BSPOVOBDPOWPDBUPSJBQBSBRVFFTDSJ BMUJCBKPTQSPQJPTEFUPEPQSPZFDUP4JHVFNPUJWBEBZDSFZFO
UPSFTWPMVOUBSJPTDVFOUFOMBIJTUPSJBEFQFSJPEJTUBTZUSB EPRVFiMPTDJVEBEBOPTOPIFNPTQFSEJEP
TJOPRVFBQFOBT
CBKBEPSFTEFMPTNFEJPTBTFTJOBEPTFO.YJDP
BDPOTFDVFODJB FTUBNPTFNQF[BOEPBEFGFOEFSOPTw
EFTVUSBCBKPPEFMBWJPMFODJBFOFMQBT 1PS FTP CBVUJ[ B FTUF EJMPHP DPMFDUJWP Z WJSUVBM DPNP
4VFBODPORVFFTUFFTGVFS[P
PSHBOJ[BEPEFTEFFMDJCF /VFTUSB"QBSFOUF3FOEJDJO1BSBHSJUBSMFTBRVJFOFTOPTDSFFO
SFTQBDJP
TF DPOWJFSUB FO VO MJCSP BM RVF MMBNBSO i/P TF SFOEJEPT RVF OP MP FTUBNPT
QPSRVF VOB SFTJTUFODJB DJWJM
NBUB MB WFSEBE NBUBOEP QFSJPEJTUBTw 1BSB FTP IBDFO VOB FNFSHFBUSBWTEFMQFOTBNJFOUP
DPMFDUBWJSUVBMBOEFDPOTFHVJSFMEJOFSPQBSBRVFFMMJCSP 3FQBTPFTUBTBDDJPOFTFNQSFOEJEBTEFTEFMBTSFEFTTPDJB
OB[DBBOUFTEFOBMJ[BSFMBP MFTZQJFOTP
/PFTTVQSJNFSBQVCMJDBDJO-PHSBSPOUSBTQBTBSFMNVO )PZ
QBSB MB SFTJTUFODJB DJCFSOUJDB
FT UJFNQP EF USBOT
EPEFMBSFTJTUFODJBWJSUVBMZFEJUBSPOFMMJCSP/VFTUSB"QBSFOUF HSFEJS
MVDIBS
DSFBS DPODJFODJB EF RVF OP NFSFDFNPT FTUB
3FOEJDJODVZBTHBOBODJBTGVFSPOEFEJDBEBTBJNQVMTBS#FDBT WJPMFODJBZ
BUSBWTEFMBNFNPSJB
EFWPMWFSMBEJHOJEBERVF
QPSMB1B[FOCFOFDJPEFIVSGBOPTEFMBTNVKFSFTBTFTJOB FTUBHVFSSBJOUFOUBSSBODBSMFBMQBT
EBTFO$JVEBE+VSF[*ODMVTPFMCMPHGVFSFDPOPDJEPQPSMB 4PNPTSFTQPOTBCMFTEFBM[BSMBWP[QBSBRVFKVOUPTMPHSF
4FDSFUBSJB EF &TUBEP EF &TUBEPT 6OJEPT
)JMMBSZ $MJOUPO
NPT RVF OVODB
FOUSF MPT NVFSUPT
VOP EF MPT WPMVOUBSJPT
DPNPVOQSPZFDUPRVFCVTDBFOUFOEFSMBWJPMFODJBHFOFSBEB DVFOUFOJBNJTQBESFTOJBUVTIFSNBOPT/VODB
QPSFMDSJNFOPSHBOJ[BEP
)PZ
/VFTUSB "QBSFOUF 3FOEJDJO FT VOB BTPDJBDJO DJ
WJMDPOTUJUVJEBMFHBMNFOUFFO$BUBMVB
RVFGVODJPOBDPOFM
FTGVFS[PEFEJWFSTPTQSPGFTJPOJTUBTFO.YJDP
&TQBBZMPT
&TUBEPT6OJEPTZMBBZVEBDPOTUBOUFEFPUSPTWPMVOUBSJPT
%FTEF/"3
-PMJUBJNQVMTBRVFTFNBOBBTFNBOBVODJV
EBEBOPDVFOUFMPTNVFSUPTEFFTUBHVFSSBBUSBWTEF.FOPT
%BT"RV&MDPOUFPTJHVFZVSHFFODPOUSBSWPMVOUBSJPTQBSB
MMFWBSBMCMPHFMSFHJTUSPEFMPTNVFSUPTEFMBHVFSSB2VJFSFO
RVF FO BMHO NPNFOUP TF QVFEB FYJHJS KVTUJDJB QPS DBEB
VOBEFFTBTQFSTPOBTBTFTJOBEBT
TJOJNQPSUBSRVJOFTFSBO
PRVIBDBO
168 169
&
-ZEJFUUF$BSSJO
EO
GVODJPOBSJPT NVOJDJQBMFT SFDPSSJFSPO MBT DBMMFT
EFMOPSUFEF.POUFSSFZ#VTDBCBOQBOEJMMFSPTQBSBSFBMJ[BS
USBCBKP TPDJBM PSHBOJ[BS DPODVSTPT EF HSBUJ Z UPSOFPT EF
QPSUJWPT
GBDJMJUBSMFTFMBDDFTPBQSPHSBNBTTPDJBMFT'VFSPO
Lydiette Carrin es periodista independiente. Actualmente es BMBTFTRVJOBT
MBTDBODIBT4MPFODPOUSBSPOBVOPTDVBOUPT
columnista en El Grfico de El Universal, y tiene a su cargo NVDIBDIPTRVFKVHBCBOEFGPSNBFTQPSEJDBVOBDBTDBSJUB
una seccin semanal con historias sobre violencia contra las EFGVUCPMPTFUPNBCBOVOSFGSFTDPFOMBUJFOEBEFMBFTRVJOB
mujeres. Ha colaborado en las revistas Milenio Semanal, Da BOUFTEFFODFSSBSTFFOTVTDBTBT
Siete, Replicante, Newsweek en Espaol, Newsweek Argenti- 2VFSBOIBDFSUSBCBKPTPDJBMDPOQBOEJMMBT
QFSPMPTKWF
na, Defensor, Generacin y Bitcora. Tambin ha trabajado OFTEFTQFSEJHBEPTMFTEJKFSPORVFMBTQBOEJMMBTZBOPFYJT
en Milenio Diario, el extinto Centro y la revista Asamblea de UBOTMPIBCBVOBTPMBFMDSUFMEFMPT;FUBT
la Asamblea Legislativa del Distrito Federal, entre otros. Es )BCBOMMFHBEPEFNBTJBEPUBSEF
egresada de la Facultad de Ciencias Polticas y Sociales de la
UNAM y de la Escuela de Escritores de la SOGEM, a la que ***
ha regresado para impartir clases de periodismo narrativo. &MPSJHFOEFFTUBIJTUPSJBFTUFOUFSSBEP
Particip en los libros colectivos NJHSBOUFTy .FNPSJBMEF &M DBUBMJ[BEPS NT WJTJCMF PDVSSJ DVBOEP FM QSFTJEFOUF
$IJBQBTQFEBDJUPTEFIJTUPSJB 'FMJQF$BMEFSOEFDMBSMBHVFSSBDPOUSBFMOBSDPUSDPFO
173
MPT MUJNPT EBT EF
Z FM &KSDJUP Z MB QPMJDB GFEFSBM EFMHSBUJ
MBSPQB
FMMFOHVBKF
MPTUBUVBKFTZFMQFJOBEP
ZB
DPNFO[BSPOBQFJOBSFMQBTCVTDBOEPDSJNJOBMFT-BTDBMMFT FSBOMBNBOPEFPCSBEFMOBSDP
TFMMFOBSPOEFSFUFOFT
ZMPTNJMJUBSFTDPNFO[BSPOBFTDVMDBS :DPNFO[BSPOMBTEFNPTUSBDJPOFTEFQPEFS
DJWJMFTZBSFBMJ[BSMBCPSFTEFQPMJDB&OKVOJPEFFTUB -PT MMBNBSPO MPT UBQBEPT &O
NVKFSFT
KWFOFT Z
HVFSSBMMFHB.POUFSSFZDPONTEFNJMGFEFSBMFTZNJMJUB OJPTCMPRVFBSPOMBTQSJODJQBMFTDBMMFTEFMBDJVEBE&YJHBO
SFT%FTEFFOUPODFT
IBONVFSUPNVDIPTIPNCSFTZNVKFSFT RVFFM&KSDJUPWPMWJFSBBMPTDVBSUFMFT"MHVOPTGVFSPOEFUF
EF MBT GVFS[BT EF TFHVSJEBE
DJWJMFT Z NJFNCSPT EFM OBSDP OJEPTFJOUFSSPHBEPT%JKFSPORVFMPT;FUBTMFTIBCBOQBHB
&TUPTMUJNPTOFDFTJUBSPONTTPMEBEPTZQVTJFSPOMBNJSB EPQFTPTQPSNBOJGFTUBSTF
FOPUSPFKSDJUPFMEFMPTKWFOFTEFTPDVQBEPT
FOSJFTHP
FM /PIBTJEPMBOJDBWF[
EFMPTQBOEJMMFSPTEFCBSSJP &OKVOJPEFGVFEFUFOJEP)DUPS3BM-VOB-VOB
&MMPTTPOMBDBSOFEFDBO0SHBOJ[BDJPOFTTPDJBMFTDBM i&M5PSZw
MEFS[FUBEFMBQMB[BBMPTBPT
WFUFSBOPQBSB
DVMBORVFBMNFOPTNJMNFOPSFTEFFEBEOJPTZBEP FMQSPNFEJPEFFEBEEFMPTOBSDPUSBDBOUFT"MTFSBQSFTBEP
MFTDFOUFT IBO TJEP BTFTJOBEPT EVSBOUF MB BENJOJTUSBDJO NBOEBEFDFOBTEFKWFOFTQBSBRVF
BQVOUBEFQJTUPMB
EF
DBMEFSPOJTUB -PT KWFOFT DPOGPSNBO MB NBZPSB EF MPT UVWJFSBOZEFTQPKBSBOEFTVTDBSSPTBMPTBVUPNPWJMJTUBTFO
NJMBTFTJOBEPTQPSMBHVFSSBDPOUSBFMOBSDPUSDP
FOUPEP DBMMFTEFMBDJVEBE$POMPTBVUPTTFDVFTUSBEPT
CMPRVFBSPOFM
.YJDP
BTDPNPFO.POUFSSFZ USOTJUPQPSIPSBT
-BHVFSSBDPOUSBFMOBSDPRVJ[GVFFMDBUBMJ[BEPS
QFSP 5BNCJO IBZ BEPMFTDFOUFT Z OJPT &M EF BHPTUP EF
OPFMPSJHFOEFFTUFSFMBUPEFOJPTTJDBSJPTZKVWFOJDJEJPT
BMBTEFMBUBSEF
VODPNBOEPQSFOEJGVFHPBMB
FOENJDPTTUFRVJ[PDVSSJEDBEBTBUST
DVBOEPiFY DBTBEFBQVFTUBT$BTJOP3PZBMF
FODVZPJOUFSJPSTFFOUSFUF
QFSUPTw EFDBO RVF TF BWFDJOBCB VO CPOP iEFNPHSDPw
OBODPONRVJOBTUSBHBNPOFEBTZFMB[BS
NVKFSFT
BNBTEF
FT EFDJS
RVF .YJDP UFOESB FM NBZPS QPSDFOUBKF EF QFS DBTBZKVCJMBEPT.VSJFSPORVFNBEBTZBTYJBEBTQFSTP
TPOBTQSPEVDUJWBTEFTVIJTUPSJB
ZRVFTJiFTUPTFBQSPWF OBT-BTPDJFEBETFDPONPDJPOQPSQBSUJEBEPCMFMBQSJNF
DIBCBw
TFSBVOHSBOFNQVKFQBSBFMQBTQFSPRVFTJOPTF SB
DVBOEPTFJOGPSNTPCSFFMDSJNFOMBTFHVOEB
DVBOEPTF
QSFQBSBCBFMFTDFOBSJPQBSBEBSMFTUSBCBKPZFEVDBDJO
iFM SFWFMRVFMPTSFTQPOTBCMFTFSBONFOPSFTEFFEBEUSFTFSBO
FYDFEFOUFOPTMPTFSBEFTQFSEJDJBEP
TJOPRVFTFWPMWFSB NVKFSFT
DPNBOEBEPTQPSVOKPWFOEFBPT
VOQSPCMFNBw 6OPTQFTPTZBMHPEFESPHBCBTUBSPOQBSBFOHBODIBSTF
&TEJGDJMFTUBCMFDFSFMJOJDJPEFMBIJTUPSJB1FSPQBSB
.VDIPTUSBCBKBODPNPIBMDPOFTFTQBOMPTNPWJNJFO
FO.POUFSSFZ
MBOPSUFBQPUFODJBFNQSFTBSJBMEFMQBT
NV UPT EF MBT BVUPSJEBEFT
EF TVT QSPQJPT WFDJOPT
QBSB MPT
DIPTEFMPTKWFOFTRVFBOUFTQBTBCBOMBTOPDIFTFTDVDIBOEP DSUFMFT0USPTNTTFDPOWJSUJFSPOFONBOEBEFSPTPUSBCB
NTJDB
FOTBZBOEPSJUNPTNVTJDBMFTPTFFYQSFTBCBOBUSBWT KBOFOOBSDPNBRVJMBT
FNQBDBOEPESPHB$POGPSNFTVCFO
174 175
FMFTDBMBGO
SFDJCFONTEJOFSP
NTESPHB
VOBSNB.T EJMMFSPMPTEPTCBOEPTMPBTFEJBOMPT;FUBTMPIBOUBCMFBEP
SFTQPOTBCJMJEBEZQFMJHSP1BSBFOUPODFTZBTBCFONBUBSZ HPMQJ[BFOMBTOBMHBTDPOVOBUBCMBQBSBRVFUSBCBKFDPO
UPSUVSBS FMMPTFM&KSDJUPMPIBMFWBOUBEPQBSBJOUFSSPHBSMPBMBNBMB
"MHVOPTKWFOFTOPTPOTFEVDJEPTQPSFMDSUFM
TJOPTF
DVFTUSBEPT
MFWBOUBEPT
QBSBTFSFTDMBWPT ***
.POUFSSFZZTV[POBNFUSPQPMJUBOBFTVOBEFMBTVSCFTNT )F WFOJEP B .POUFSSFZ B CVTDBS JOEJWJEVPT Z DPMFDUJWPT
JNQPSUBOUFTEFMQBT&ODMBWBEBFOUSFNPOUBBT
TJFNQSFCSJ RVFJOUFOUFOBMFKBSBMPTKWFOFTEFMSFDMVUBNJFOUPGPS[PTPZ
MMBEFEBSFTQMBOEFDFDPOFMQPMWPEFMEFTJFSUP
EFOPDIFTF EFMBNBSHJOBDJORVFMPTJOWJUBBTVNBSTFBMDSJNFOPSHB
FOHBMBOBDPOMV[FMDUSJDB$POQPDPNTEFNJMMPOFTEF OJ[BEP)FIBMMBEPNVDIPTQSPZFDUPTRVFCVTDBOBZVEBSB
QFSTPOBTFTVOPEFMPTDFOUSPTJOEVTUSJBMFT
BDBENJDPTZFDP MPTBEPMFTDFOUFT
BMPTQBOEJMMFSPT
BMPTKWFOFTFOSJFTHP
ONJDPTNTQPEFSPTPTEFMQBT&TMB4VMUBOBEFM/PSUF6OP 6OPTTPONTHSBOEFTPUSPTNFKPSFT6OPTMPJOUFOUBOB
EF TVT NVOJDJQJPT DPOVSCBEPT
4BO 1FESP (BS[B (BSDB
FT USBWT EFM CBJMF
MB SFMJHJO
MB FYQSFTJO BSUTUJDB P FM EF
DPOTJEFSBEPFMNTSJDPEF"NSJDB-BUJOB"RVFTSBSPWFS QPSUF)FFODPOUSBEPEFDFOBTEFQFSTPOBTRVFBSSJFTHBOMB
FTBQPCSF[BFTDBOEBMPTBEFMTVSFTUFNFYJDBOP WJEBFOFTFUSBCBKP)BZISPFT
TJOEVEB1FSPFMQSPCMFNB
4JOFNCBSHPMBTQBOEJMMBTEFKBCBOFOUSFWFSPUSBSFBMJEBE FTUBOWBTUP
FMEBPFTUBOHSBOEF
RVFUPEPJOUFOUPQBSFDF
"PT BUST TF DSFBSPO QSPHSBNBT NVOJDJQBMFT QBSB EFTBSUJ TFSSFCBTBEP
DVMBSMBTBVORVFBMHVOPTFYQFSUPTBMFSUBCBORVFIBDFSMPTFSB
DPOUSBQSPEVDFOUF
TFBDBCBSBDPOFMTFOUJEPEFQFSUFOFODJB
Z MB TPMJEBSJEBE FOUSF MPT KWFOFT 1BSB
DVBOEP MPT -
GVODJPOBSJPTNVOJDJQBMFTTBMJFSPOBMBTDPMPOJBTEFMOPSUFB
CVTDBSMBT
MBEJTDVTJOFSBFTUSJMMBTQBOEJMMBTZBIBCBOFO " MPT BPT
.PV ZB IBCB WJBKBEP QPS .YJDP
DPNQP
UFSSBEPBTVTJOUFHSBOUFT
TFIBCBOEJTVFMUPPTVTNJFNCSPT OJFOEPSBQRVFIBCMBCBEFTPMFEBEZBNPSFTUSVODBEPTi.F
FTUBCBOFTDPOEJEPT WJWBHBCVOEPZFOUVFSUPFNQFBMDPSB[OQBSBQBHBSMP
&TDVDIPMBNJTNBIJTUPSJBFOMBDPMPOJB*OEFQFOEFODJB
RVFOPTFWFOEFQBSBBVTFOUBSNFEFMNVOEPBVOSVNCP
FOWP[EFEPTBEPMFTDFOUFTEFZBPTFO/VFWB&T EPOEF NF FODPNJFOEFOw &SB SFDPOPDJEP FO PUSPT CBSSJPT
QFSBO[B
&TDPCFEP
MB SFMBUB VO KPWFO EF BPT FO 5SFT QFSPFOFMTVZPDBNJOBCBDPNPPUSPEFTFDIBCMFNT
$BNJOPT
(VBEBMVQF
MB DPOSNB VO FYQBOEJMMFSP EF "NFEJBEPTEFMBPSHBOJ[BDJODJWJM$SFF4FSBCSJ
FOMB(BS[B/JFUPMPEJDFONFOPSFTEFFEBERVF
TJOFN VONEVMPFOMBDPMPOJB'PNFSSFZQBSBJNQVMTBSWB
CBSHP
DPOTFSWBOFMOPNCSFEFTVDMJLBFOMBDPMPOJBEF SJPTQSPZFDUPT
FOUSFFMMPT1B["SUF
EJSJHJEPBEBSBMUFSOB
NBS[P
VO DIJDP EF BTFHVSB RVF BVORVF ZB OP FT QBO UJWBTBMPTKWFOFT.PVGVFFMQSJNFSPRVFTFBDFSD-FT
176 177
QSPQVTP BSNBS VO UBMMFS EF SBQ %BT EFTQVT MMFW B TVT EFOPUFNJFOUP
OPTEBNJFEPTBMJSQPSRVFTJFNQSFBOEB
BNJHPTJOUFSFTBEPTFOFOTFBSCSFBLEBODFZHSBUJ FTBSB[BQPSBRV
EFMPTRVFFTUBNPTIBCMBOEP0UFMFWBOUBO
&OMBNBZPSBEFMBTDPMPOJBTEF.POUFSSFZTFFTDVDIBFMWB TUPTPUFMMFWBOMPTPUSPT/PMPTNFODJPOB
QFSPTFSFFSF
MMFOBUP
MBDVNCJBDPMPNCJBOB
OPTUBMHJBQPSVOQBTMFKBOPZ BMOBSDPZBMPTNJMJUBSFT"VORVFMBNBZPSBEFMPTWFDJOPT
DBSJCFP1FSPUBNCJOTFNJSBBMOPSUFQPSMBTJOOVNFSBCMFT TPOUSBCBKBEPSFT
OPTFIBOTBMWBEPEFTFSDPOGVOEJEPTDPO
NJHSBDJPOFTRVFWBOZWJFOFOEF&TUBEPT6OJEPT%FBIBEPQ EFMJODVFOUFTQPSFMIFDIPEFWJWJSBI
UBOFMSBQ
VOBIPMHBEBGPSNBEFWFTUJS
BMHVOPTDPMPSFTFOMB -BEFQSFEBDJOEFTJUJPTEFSFDSFBDJOFOMPTCBSSJPTQP
SPQB&OMB'PNFSSFZ
BMOPSUFEFMBDJVEBE
QSFWBMFDFFMSBQ QVMBSFT FT FOENJDB 6O FKFNQMP FT MB QSJWBUJ[BDJO EF MBT
$SFBEB QPS MPT QSPHSBNBT TPDJBMFT EF WJWJFOEB
MBT 'P DBODIBTEFGVUCPMEFMMFDIPEFMSP4BOUB$BUBSJOB
DFSDBEFM
NFSSFZ FOUSFFMMBT
MB
TFQBSFDFOBDVBMRVJFSDPMPOJB DFOUSPEFMBDJVEBE
BMBTRVFBTJTUBOMPTWFDJOPTEFMBDFO
QPQVMBSEFMQBTNVDIPDPODSFUP
VOQBJTBKFHSJTBMBBMUVSB UFOBSJBDPMPOJB*OEFQFOEFODJB
BDUVBMNFOUFDPOTJEFSBEBVO
EFMPTPKPT"MPMFKPT
MBTNPOUBBT CBTUJOEFMPT;FUBT
"OPDIFDF&TGFCSFSPZFO$SFF4FSUJFOFOFMUJFNQPDPO &O
MBTBVUPSJEBEFTEFDJEJFSPOEBSFMUFSSFOPFODP
UBEP/BEJFTFRVFEBEFTQVTEFMBTOVFWF-PTWFDJOPT
RVF NPEBUP B MB FNQSFTB 4JHMP 99*
EF 57 "[UFDB
QBSB RVF
BDPTUVNCSBCBODPOWJWJSIBTUBUBSEF
ZBOPMPIBDFO4FIB DPOTUSVZFSBDBODIBTEFQBTUPTJOUUJDP
VONJOJHPMGZDPCSB
WVFMUPQFMJHSPTP1FSP3PCFSUP.BSUOF[
MEFSEFMQSPZFDUP SBBMPTVTVBSJPT%FKBSPOVOPTDVBOUPTUFSSFOPTBCBOEPOB
1B["SUF
ZMPTDIBWPTFTUOBOBOEPMPTMUJNPTEFUBMMFTZ EPTFOMBQFSJGFSJB-BHFOUFTFTJOUJJOTVMUBEB&O
FM
TMP UJFOFO MBT OPDIFT QBSB USBCBKBS &O VOPT EBT DPNFO IVSBDO"MFYBSSBTDPOUPEP
[BSO MPT UBMMFSFT -MFWBO NFTFT QMBOFOEPMPT .PV
'SFE
$POMBFNFSHFODJBEFMBJOTFHVSJEBEFOMBDJVEBE
BMHVOPT
+BQZPUSPTIBONPOUBEPFYIJCJDJPOFTFOMBTQMB[BTZFM$P GVODJPOBSJPTFNQSFOEJFSPOFMQSPZFDUPTPDJBMNTBNCJDJPTPEF
OBMFQEFMB[POB
QBSBBOJNBSBPUSPTBBQSFOEFSVOBUDOJDB MBTMUJNBTEDBEBT
ZFOTFQUJFNCSFEF
FOMB*OEFQFOEFO
ZVOBGPSNBEFFYQSFTBSTFTJOWJPMFODJB DJBDSJTPMEFMBTDVMUVSBTEFMOPSUFZVOPEFMPTQSJNFSPT
.PVTBDBVOBTTJMMBTZOPTTFOUBNPTGSFOUFBMBQVFSUBEFM MVHBSFTBMPTRVFMMFHQBSBRVFEBSTFMBNTJDBDPMPNCJB
DVCDVMP.JSBNPTDNPTFPTDVSFDFOMBTDBMMFTMTFGVNBVO OB TF JOBVHVS FM NBDSPDFOUSP DPNVOJUBSJP FOPSNFT
DJHBSSP&TEFMHBEP.PSFOP-MFWBFMQFMPDPSUTJNP
DBTJSBQBEP JOTUBMBDJPOFT
DPODBODIBT
UBMMFSFTDVMUVSBMFT
DBQBDJUBDJO
-FQSFHVOUPTJBMMPIBOIPTUJHBEPMPTOBSDPTPFMFKS QBSBFMUSBCBKP
CBDIJMMFSBUPFOMOFB
DJUP4VTSFTQVFTUBTTPODBTJJOBVEJCMFT6OUNJEPT.JSB &M NBDSPDFOUSP GVF JOBVHVSBEP FO TFQUJFNCSF EF
IBDJBPUSPMBEP$BNCJPEFUFNB DPOVOBJOWFSTJOEFNJMMPOFTEFQFTPT&ODBSBNBEPFO
{2VFTMPRVFRVJFSFOMPTKWFOFT FMDFSSP
QBSFDFVONJSBEPSEFMVKP
&TQBDJPT 5PEPT RVFSFNPT FTQBDJPT 6O FTQBDJP EPO 1FSPMBTBVUPSJEBEFTEBOZRVJUBO
178 179
1PS FM CBSSJP EF .PV FYJTUB FM HJNOBTJP QPQVMBS -PT NFYJDBOPTRVFUJFOFOFOUSFZBPTEFFEBE5BNCJO
$BNQFPOFT-BTNVKFSFTJCBOBCBJMPUFSBQJBMPTIPNCSFT
FTUFOUSFFTPTNTEFNJMMPOFTEFKWFOFTRVFOPWBOB
BM CPY &M &KSDJUP DFSS FM MVHBS FO QBSB VUJMJ[BSMP MBFTDVFMBZOPUJFOFOFNQMFPGPSNBM&OTVMUJNPUSBCBKP
DPNPDVBSUFM$FSDBEFBI
BJOJDJPTEF
MBBENJOJT TFQBSBCBCBTVSBQBSBVOBFNQSFTBEFSFDJDMBKF1FSUFOFDFB
USBDJOJOBVHVSVOBTDBODIBT)BZDPMPOJBTDVZPTFTDBTPT MPRVFBMHVOPTCBVUJ[BSPODPNPOJOJT
QPSRVFOJFTUVEJBO
FTQBDJPTDPNVOFTKVFHBODPOTUBOUFTWPMBEPTDPOMBTQPMUJ OJUSBCBKBO
DBTQCMJDBT .PVFYQMJDBRVFFTUQFOTBOEPDNPBZVEBSBMPTEFTV
.PVFTUQPSUFSNJOBSTVDJHBSSP-FQSFHVOUPQPSRV DVBESB-MFWBVODVBEFSOPEPOEFBQVOUBQFOTBNJFOUPTRVF
RVJFSFEBSVOUBMMFSEFIJQIPQ MFTWBBEFDJSBMPTDIJDPTEFMUBMMFSBZVEFOFOMBDBTB
FTUV
1PSMBNTJDB:QBSBRVF
DVBOEPMPTDIBWPTUFOHBONJ EJFO-PRVFNTMFHVTUBEFTVCBSSJPFTTVHFOUF
QPSTPMJ
FEBE
OPFTUODPNPZP EBSJB&TBTDBMMFTTPOTVQBUSJB:RVJFSFTBMWBSMBT
.PVEFKMBTFDVOEBSJBUSVODBi/PNFTBMOJQPSESPHBT
/PIBTJEPGDJMQBSBFMFRVJQPEF$SFF4FS
OJQPSMPRVFQBTBCBFOMBDBMMF4JOPQPSRVFOPNFFOUFOEB &O NBS[P DPNFO[BSPO MPT UBMMFSFT 4F JOTDSJCJFSPO NV
ZRVFSBUJFNQPQBSBQFOTBS1FSPTNFBSSFQJFOUPCJFOHBDIPw DIPTKWFOFTRVFTFSFVOBOFOVOBQMB[B
BMDBFSMBOPDIF
QBSB
&TQSFDJTBNFOUFFOMBFEVDBDJONFEJBEPOEFJSSVNQFMBEF QSBDUJDBS SBQ
CSFBLEBODF Z HSBUJ 6O QBESF EF GBNJMJB
TFSDJONBTJWBFO.YJDP%FCJEPBVOBFEVDBDJOEFDJFOUF
RVJFO
EJDFOFOFMCBSSJP
USBCBKBQBSBVOHSVQPDSJNJOBM
BOJWFMTFDVOEBSJBFMQPSDJFOUPEFMPTNVDIBDIPTDBFFO MPTBMFSUiZBOPTBMHBOBIPSJUBQPSRVFTFWBBQPOFSNVZGFPw
MB DBUFHPSB EF BOBMGBCFUBT GVODJPOBMFT .VDIPT EFKBO MB "MPTQPDPTEBTDPNFO[BSPOBBQBSFDFSDPMHBEPTZFKFDVUBEPT
FTDVFMBFOUSFTFOUJNJFOUPTEFDVMQB4FTVNBVOBQPMUJDBEF FOMBTDBMMFT
FYQVMTJOGSFOUFBMBNFOPSQSPWPDBDJO.VDIPTZBOPSFHSFTB "IPSB
OBEJFTFRVFEBFOFMDVCDVMPEF$SFF4FSEFTQVTEF
SOBMBFTDVFMBKBNT6OBUFSDFSBQBSUFEFMPTKWFOFTEFFOUSF MBTTFJTEFMBUBSEF$FSSBSPOMPTUBMMFSFTDBMMFKFSPT3FGVHJBSPO
ZBPTEFFEBEFOFMQBTTMPMMFHIBTUBMBTFDVOEBSJB FMQSPZFDUPFOMBTFDVOEBSJB&OUSFTFNBOB3PCFSUP.BS
TUBFTVOBDJVEBEEFFTUVEJBOUFT-MFHBOEFUPEBTQBSUFT UOF[ JNQBSUF QMUJDBT TPCSF MB WJPMFODJB
DNP JEFOUJDBSMB
EFMB3FQCMJDBZEFPUSPTQBTFTBM5FDOPMHJDPEF.POUF RVPQDJPOFTIBZGSFOUFBFMMB-PTTCBEPT
.PV
+BQZ'SFE
SSFZ
MBVOJWFSTJEBEQSJWBEBNTQSFTUJHJBEBZRVJ[MBNT JNQBSUFOMPTUBMMFSFTBSUTUJDPT7BSJPTKWFOFT
MPTNTWVMOFSB
DBSBEF.YJDP"MMBEPEFMBBCVOEBODJB
TFFODVFOUSBOMPT CMFT
MPTRVFOPFTUVEJBCBOOJTFIBCBOBDFSDBEPPSJHJOBMNFOUF
EFTPDVQBEPTZMPTKWFOFTTJOFTDVFMB
FOVOBTPDJFEBERVF BM QSPZFDUP
RVFEBSPO FYDMVJEPT -BT BVUPSJEBEFT FTDPMBSFT
SFMFHBBRVJFOFTOPUJFOFOUUVMPTBDBENJDPT OPQFSNJUJFSPOFMJOHSFTPBiQFSTPOBTBKFOBTBMQMBOUFMw
.PV IB UFSNJOBEP TV DJHBSSP "QBHB MB DPMJMMB DPO FM -PTNTEFTQPTFEPTRVFEBSPO
PUSBWF[
TJOMPTFTQBDJPT
QJF Z MB SFDPHF 'PSNB QBSUF EF FTPT DBTJ NJMMPOFT EF RVFSFDMBNB.PV
180 181
$POMPTUBMMFSFT
FYQMJDB3PCFSUP.BSUOF[
MPTFTUVEJBO NJFEP /P UFOB NJFEP
QFSP ZB FTUBCB DBTBEP
UFOB RVF
UFTIBOBQSFOEJEPBJEFOUJDBSMBWJPMFODJB&TUQFOEJFOUF DBNCJBSw-BTQBOEJMMBTSNBSPO
RVFEFKFOEFBDFQUBSMBDPNPiOPSNBMw1FSPRVJ[FMDBNCJP -BQB[OPGVFJOTUBOUOFB"MUFSNJOBSMBDFSFNPOJB
EJF
NTWJTJCMFFTUFOMPTNJTNPTUBMMFSJTUBT.PVMMFWBVOBP SPOKVOUPTVOBWVFMUBQPSFMCBSSJP
QBSBDFMFCSBS&MQBTFP
DPMBCPSBOEPDPO$SFF4FS/PSFDJCFVOQFTP%JDFRVFFOTF UFSNJO DPO VO KPWFO BDVDIJMMBEP /VODB IBMMBSPO BM DVM
BSSBQMFIBDFTFOUJSRVFWBMFMBQFOBQPSMPRVFIBQBTBEP QBCMF
"IPSB FT SFDPOPDJEP FO TV QSPQJP CBSSJP &TU QPS HSBCBS +VBO1BCMPOPTFSJOEJ"MPTQPDPTEBTJOWJUBMBTQBO
PUSP EJTDP :B OP FTDSJCF EF TPMFEBE
TJOP EF JMVNJOBDJO EJMMBT EF MB /VFWB &TQFSBO[B B VO DBNQBNFOUP FTQJSJUVBM
i:PCSJMMPQPSRVFTPNPTMV[NFBDBCPEFFODFOEFSQPSRVF EFUSFTEBTFOMBTBGVFSBTEFMBDJVEBE-MFHBSPOFMWJFSOFT
DSFPFO%JPTZTRVF%JPTNFTBCFDPNQSFOEFSQPSRVFTPZ ZQBSBFMTCBEP"CFMBSEPFTUBCBNPSUBMNFOUFBCVSSJEP"M
MBTPNCSBDPOMV[QSPQJBEFVOTFSEJWJOPQPSRVFDSFPRVF MPEFMBNFEJBOPDIF
MZEPTNTTFRVFSBOJSBDBTB+VBO
EFCP
QVFEPZ
DPNP-FOOPO
MPJNBHJOPw 1BCMPMFTEJPVOBWFOUOBMBDFOUSBMDBNJPOFSB$VBOEPTF
CBKBSPOEFMBVUPZDSV[BCBOMBDBMMF
TFMFTDFSSVODBSSP
MVKPTP$POVODVFSOPEFDIJWPBQVOUOEPMFT
MPTDPOEVD
3 UPSFT MFT DVFTUJPOBSPO RV IBDBO BI i-FT DPOUBNPT RVF
WFOBNPT EF VO DBNQBNFOUP DBUMJDP /PT NBOEBSPO VO
&OKVOJPEF
FMFYQBOEJMMFSP+VBO1BCMP(BSDBMMFHB UBYJZOPTEJFSPOQFTPTQBSBQBHBSMPw
MB DPMPOJB /VFWB &TQFSBO[B
NVOJDJQJP EF &TDPCFEP $PO "CFMBSEPZBIBCBSP[BEPMBNVFSUF6OPTNFTFTBOUFTEF
VONFOTBKFEFQB[CVTDBMPTMEFSFTEFMBTQBOEJMMBTZMFT RVFDPOPDJFSB$MJLBTQPSMB1B[TFFODPOUSBCBFOVOBSJB
QSPQVTPSNBSVOQBDUPEFOPBHSFTJO"CFMBSEPUFOB BQFESBEBTDPOMPTEFTVDBMMFDVBOEPQBTVOBDBNJPOFUB
BPT
FSBQBOEJMMFSPEFTEFMPTZNPWBBTFTFOUBIVFSDPTEF EFOBSDPTBMHVJFOMFTMBO[VOBQJFESBZTFRVFCSVOWJ
MPT1PLPT-PLPT-MFWBCBEPTBPTUSBUBOEPEFBMFKBSTF
EFT ESJP-PT;FUBTOPIJDJFSPOOBEB
QFSPSFHSFTBSPOEPTIPSBT
EFRVFFTUVWPBQVOUPEFNBUBSBBMHVJFO4VFTQPTBFTUBCB NT UBSEF i" RVJFO WJFSPO WFTUJEP HVBOHP DPO SPQB IPM
FNCBSB[BEBZMDBNJOBCBDPONJFEPQPSTVCBSSJP HBEB
EFDIPMP
MPNBUBSPOw-BWDUJNBGVF0NBS7JMMBSSFBM
-BDJUBQBSBSNBSGVFFOMBDBQJMMBEFMBDPMPOJB-BHFOUF EF BPT RVF QBSBEKJDBNFOUF OVODB QFMFBCB
UPDBCB MB
RVFRVFSBQSFTFODJBSFTFNPNFOUP
IBCBEFKBEPMJCSFFMQB HVBDIBSBDBFOMPTCBJMFTZTFMMFWBCBCJFODPOUPEPT-PTNF
TJMMPDFOUSBMQBSBRVFDBNJOBSBOMPTQBOEJMMFSPTi:PMMFWBCB EJPT
QPSDJFSUP
SFHJTUSBSPOTVNVFSUFDPNPiVOBSJBFOUSF
VOBOBWBKB5PEBNJDMJLBMMFWBCBOBWBKBT%FQSPOUP
+VBO QBOEJMMBTw
1BCMPEJKPAFMRVFFTUBSSFQFOUJEP
IORVFTFZQJEBQFSEO 1FSPFMFQJTPEJPEFMUBYJBMBTBMJEBEFMSFUJSPGVFFMRVF
1PTZP
QPSRVFFTUBCBBSSFQFOUJEP
NFIJORV:OPGVFQPS DBNCJB"CFMBSEP4JOUJRVFOPMPMFWBOUBSPOQPSRVFUJFOF
182 183
VOPCKFUJWPFOMBWJEB5VWPMPRVFSFMJHJPTPTZBMHVOPTTJD &TDVFMBQBSB-EFSFTQBSBQPEFSMBCPSBSFOVOPYYPZBZV
MPHPTMMBNBOiFQJGBOBw
VOBSFWFMBDJO EBSBTVBCVFMB
BRVJFOFTTVQBESFZUPTIBOBCBOEPOBEP
$VBOEP +VBO 1BCMP MP JOWJU B MB &TDVFMB QBSB -EFSFT %FTVGVUVSP
MBQPTJCJMJEBEEFVOBFTDVFMBPVOFNQMFPNFKPS
i/BDJEPTQBSB5SJVOGBSw
TFBQVOUKVOUPDPOTVTDBNBSBEBT OJTFDVFTUJPOB
%FQBOEJMMFSPTDPODMVZFSPODVBUSP +VBO 1BCMP FTU SBQBEP &T BMUP Z SPCVTUP )JQFSBDUJWP
)BQBTBEPVOQPDPNFOPTEFVOBP"CFMBSEPUJFOF .FPGSFDFVOBWFOUO1POFFMBJSFBDPOEJDJPOBEPBMNYJ
BPT
TJHVFWJWJFOEPFOFMNJTNPCBSSJPZZBOPQFMFB4FIB NP
NBOFKB SBVEP FOUSF MBT DBMMFDJUBT EF MB EF NBS[P
NVEBEPDPOTVFTQPTBFIJKBBVOBDBMMFFOMBRVFBOUFTOP B VOPT NJOVUPT EFM DFOUSP EF .POUFSSFZ %FTDSJCF TVT
QPEBDBNJOBS1PSMBTOPDIFTBZVEBB+VBO1BCMPFOMB&T QSPZFDUPT1SJNFSP$MJLBTQPSMB1B[
FMQBDUPFOUSFQBOEJMMBT
DVFMBQBSB-EFSFT.FDVFOUBTVIJTUPSJBFOMBDPMPOJBEF DVZPPCKFUJWPFTDSFBSVOJNQBDUPFOMBWJEBEFMPTKWFOFT
NBS[P
MFKPTEFTVIPHBS
BMBTEFMBOPDIFEFVONBSUFT iRVFDSFBOFOBMHPw%FTQVTMB&TDVFMBQBSB-EFSFT
EFTJFUF
MTBCFRVFTFKVFHBMBWJEBDVBOEPTFUSBTMBEBBFTPTCBSSJPT NFTFTEFEVSBDJO
EPOEFDBEBNVDIBDIPEFCFSUSB[BSVO
BKFOPT
FOEPOEFQVFEFTFSDPOGVOEJEPDPOBMHPRVFZBOP QSPZFDUPEFWJEB&OUSFMBTBDUJWJEBEFTIBZNVSBMFT
SFGPSFT
FT&TWPMVOUBSJPDPO+VBO1BCMPQPSRVF
EJDF
TJEFQBO UBDJO
DIBSMBTTPCSFESPHBTZBMDPIPM
EJMMFSPTRVFMMFHBO
BZVEBBDBNCJBSMBWJEBEFVOP
TFTJFOUF i'VJBEJDUP
QBOEJMMFSP&TUVWFBPTNFUJEPFOESPHBT
TBUJTGFDIP ZQBOEJMMBT
DPOMPT$BDJRVFTFOMB'PNF
ZFO&TUBEPT
6OJEPTDPOMPT-BUJO,JOHTZMB.FYJDBO.BB6OBWJEB
*** DPNPMBEFMPTNVDIBDIPTDPOMPTRVFBDBCBTEFQMBUJDBSw
&MEF+VBO1BCMPP+PUBQ
DPNPMPMMBNBOUPEPT
FTVOP EJDF+VBO1BCMP"MPTBPT
ZEFTQVTEFUSFTJOUFOUPTEF
EFMPTQSPZFDUPTQBSBQBOEJMMFSPTNTBQPZBEPTQPSMPTNF TVJDJEJP
iUVWFVOBFYQFSJFODJBEF%JPTw4FWPMWJNJTJPOFSP
EJPT
MPTDSDVMPTHVCFSOBNFOUBMFTZMPTFNQSFTBSJPTMPDBMFT DBUMJDP )BDF VO BP DPNFO[ $MJLBT VOJEBT QPS MB 1B[
2VJ[QPSRVFQSPNVFWFVOPCKFUJWPDPODSFUPQBDUBSFMDFTF DPNPSFTQVFTUBBMBPMBEFWJPMFODJB
EFBHSFTJPOFTFOUSFMBTQBOEJMMBTEFVOCBSSJPNFEJBOUF$MJLBT i:B OP MFT EJHP A%JPT UF BNB "IPSB MFT EJHP
A%JPT UF
QPSMB1B[UBMWF[
QPSUFOFSVOUSBTGPOEPSFMJHJPTPPQPSDPN BNB
QFSPIBZRVFUSBCBKBS:BOUFTEFEBSMFTMBDIBNCBP
QBSUJSVOMFOHVBKFDPNODPOFMNVOEPFNQSFTBSJBMFMMJEF MBCFDB
QBSBOPRVFNBSFMDBSUVDIP
IBZRVFQSFQBSBSMPTw
SB[HP
FMUSJVOGP4FBKVTUBNT
FOSFTVNFO
BMBJEFBDMTJDB +VBO1BCMPQSPNFUFBMPTKWFOFTRVFDVBOEPTFHSBEFOEF
EFMBBTJTUFODJBTPDJBMPGFSUBSVOPTUSBCBKPTZCFDBT
JODVMDBS MB&TDVFMBQBSB-EFSFT
MPTBZVEBSBDPOTFHVJSVOUSBCBKP
DJFSUPTWBMPSFT/PTVCWJFSUFPDVFTUJPOBFMPSEFOTPDJBM4JO FOMBTUJFOEBTPYYP
PVOBCFDBQBSBDPOUJOVBSTVTFTUVEJPT
FNCBSHP
NVDIPTKWFOFTTMPUJFOFOFTPMBPQPSUVOJEBEEF 1BSFDFEFNBTJBEPQBTBSTJFUFNFTFTQBSBVOUSBCBKPEFTBMBSJP
FTPTUSBCBKPTZCFDBT6ODIJDPEFBPT
SFMBUBRVFWBBMB NOJNP
QFSP FO .POUFSSFZ IBTUB MBT UJFOEBT EF BCBSSPUFT
184 185
SFDIB[BOBMPTUBUVBEPT/BEJFDPOUSBUBBVONFOPSEFFEBE RVJMMBKFi&MQFSTPOBKFFTMPNTJNQPSUBOUFw
SFDBMDB$IBO
EFMPTCBSSJPTNBSHJOBMFT HVJUPT
VOBBEPMFTDFOUFEF
FOTFBTVTGPUPTEJTGSB[BEB7B
(VBSEBTJMFODJPVONPNFOUP:FMFWBMBWP[iZPMPRVFMFT BDBNCJBSTVQFSTPOBKF
QPSRVFIBDFSTFFMQFJOBEPMFMMFWBNV
EJHP`/PTFBONJFEPTPT7BNPTBSFTDBUBSOVFTUSPTCBSSJPTw DIPUJFNQP5BNCJOFTUO4IPXZ5JVM
EFVOPTBPT'VF
5JVMRVJFOFNQSFOEJFMQSPZFDUPPSJHJOBMNFOUF
6OBJOUFHSBOUFEF$BVDF$JVEBEBOPMFTIBUSBEPVONP
7 OPDJDMPZVOEJOFSPQBSBRVFTFNBOEFOBDPTFSTVTUSBKFT
1BSBFTUBPSHBOJ[BDJODJWJMDPOTFEFFOFM%JTUSJUP'FEFSBM
&TEFOPDIF6OPTBEPMFTDFOUFTFOUSFOBOGVUCPMFOVOQBS MPTKWFOFTRVFTPOWVMOFSBCMFTPRVFZBIBOTJEPSFTDBUBEPT
RVFEFMBDPMPOJB5SFT$BNJOPT
NVOJDJQJPEF(VBEBMVQF
EFMBEFMJODVFODJBOFDFTJUBOVOQSPZFDUPFDPONJDPRVFMFT
BMPSJFOUFEFMBDJVEBE1BTUPBNBSJMMFOUP
VODJSDVJUPQBSB QFSNJUBTPTUFOFSTF4JOP
MBEJONJDBEFMCBSSJPMPTBSSBT
DPSSFSRVFSPEFBDBODIBTZQPSUFSBTIBZWJESJPTSPUPTFOUSF USBSEFOVFWP
FMQBTUP6OBDBNJPOFUBEFQPMJDBFODJFOEFTVUPSSFUB5P %JTDVUFO 5JVM BEWJFSUF iBRVFM RVF OP BTJTUB B MPT FO
EPTFOFMQBSRVFTFDPOHFMBOVONPNFOUP
FWBMBO/PIBZ TBZPT OP UFOES EFSFDIP BM USBKF EF QBZBTPw )BO UFOJEP
QFMJHSP4JHVFOKVHBOEP BQFOBTEPTSFQSFTFOUBDJPOFTQBHBEBTZQBSBRVFFTUPGVO
#SZBO
FYQBOEJMMFSP EF BPT
UPN VO CSFWF UBMMFS DJPOFTFSFRVJFSFTFSJFEBE"MHVOPTUSBUBOEFKVTUJDBSTVT
DPOMBPSHBOJ[BDJO$BVDF$JVEBEBOP
QBSBWPMWFSBTPBS BVTFODJBT %FTQVT EF VOB MBSHB EJTDVTJO QSPNFUFO RVF
BERVJSJSEFOVFWPMBDBQBDJEBEEFJNBHJOBSZQFSTFHVJSVO OPGBMUBSO
QSPZFDUPMRVFSBKVHBSGVUCPM
BTRVFKVOUBTVTBNJHPTZ &O(VBEBMVQF
NVDIPTKWFOFTIBODSFBEPCBMMFUTEFQB
QJEJFSPOBVOWFDJOPRVFMPTFOUSFOBSB ZBTPTQBSBQSFTFOUBSTFFO97BPTZFTUBT&TDPNOWFSMPT
#SZBOJOUFSSVNQFTVFOUSFOBNJFOUPQBSBIBCMBSDPONJ TBMJSEFTVTDBTBTEJTGSB[BEPT&TUPTCBMMFUTOPUJFOFONTEF
HP&TUJNQBDJFOUF
RVJFSFTFHVJSQBUFBOEPFMCBMO
MMFWBO BPTQFSPZBTFIBODPOWFSUJEPFOVOBJEFOUJEBEDVMUVSBM
BQFOBTVOQBSEFTFNBOBT/PFTUFTUVEJBOEPQFSPRVJFSF EFMNVOJDJQJP&NNV
$IBOHVJUPTZ5JVMRVJFSFOTFHVJSFTUB
SFHSFTBSBMBFTDVFMBQBSBTFSUDOJDPFOTJTUFNBTEFBJSFBDPO USBEJDJO
EJDJPOBEP )BZ PUSBT iUSBEJDJPOFTw &O TUF GVF FM NVOJDJQJP
"EPTDVBESBTEFMQBSRVF
FODBTBEF&NBOVFM
VOIPHBS DPOVSCBEP DPO NT QBOEJMMBT EFM SFB NFUSPQPMJUBOB UFOB
IVNJMEF QFSP BNQMJP
DVBUSP KWFOFT EBO WJEB B VO TIPX EFVOUPUBMEFNJM5BNCJOFTGSFDVFOUFFMGFONFOP
EFQBZBTPT&NNV
RVJFOFTUQPSQSFTFOUBSTVFYBNFOBMB EFMPTKVWFOJDJEJPT6OBTFNBOBBOUFTEFNJWJTJUB
3PCFSUP
6OJWFSTJEBE"VUOPNBEF/VFWP-FO
NVFTUSBTVEJTGSB[ (BSDBZ+PT'SBODJTDP(BSDB
RVFOPSFCBTBCBOMPTBPT
EFQBZBTPQFMVDBTGPTGPSFTDFOUFT
QBMJBDBUFTEFDPMPSFT
NB GVFSPOBTFTJOBEPTBVOBTDVBESBTEFMBDBTBEF&NBOVFM
186 187
*** VO WFDJOP IBCB QSFTUBEP VOB DBTB B MPT KWFOFT QBSB RVF
&M PSJHFO EF $BVDF $JVEBEBOP TF FODVFOUSB FO VO IPNJ NPOUBSBO VO UBMMFS EF QJOUVSB FO BFSPTPM 6OB OPDIF
VO
DJEJP&SBFMBPFOFM%JTUSJUP'FEFSBM
$BSMPT$SV[ DPNBOEPBSNBEPMMFHBJOUFSSPHBSMPT/PQBTBNBZPSFT
UFOBBPTZEFTEFMPTIBCBFTUBEPFOQBOEJMMBTWJO QFSPFMEVFPEFMMVHBSEJKPRVFTFGVFSBO
RVFOPRVFSBVOB
DVMBEBTBMBTNBBTEFMBDJVEBE
DVZPTMEFSFTFKFDVUBCBOFM iNBUB[OEFDIBWPTw
USBCBKPTVDJPEFBVUPSJEBEFTFTDPMBSFT
ZQPMUJDPT1FSP$SV[ 1FSPUBNCJOIBZCVFOBTOPUJDJBT)BOQBTBEPTFJTNFTFT
ZBCVTDBCBVOBTBMJEBBMBWJPMFODJBZDPNFO[BCBBIBCMBSEF EFTEFRVFJOJDJFMGVUCPMFO(VBEBMVQFZVOPEFMPTNV
FMMPDPOQFSTPOBTGVFSBEFTVCBOEB&OUPODFTNBUBSPOBVO DIBDIPT
%ZMBO
ZBGVFDIBEPQPSFMFRVJQP.POUFSSFZ&M
BNJHPTVZP
$BSMPT(VBEBMVQF
EFMB1SFQBEFMB6/". HSVQP EF QBZBTPT IB DSFDJEP &NBOVFM
SFDJO JOHSFTBEP B
i4BCFT
TJFNQSFDBNJOBCBZPNVDIPFOFTBMPDVSBTJZBNB MBVOJWFSTJEBE
NFDVFOUBRVFZBTPONJFNCSPTZIBDFO
UBSPOBBMHVJFO
QVFTIBZRVFBHVBOUBSTF
QFSPMPEF$BSMPT QSFTFOUBDJPOFTBMNFOPTDBEBEBT*ODMVTPTBMJFSPOFOMB
(VBEBMVQFNFRVFCSw UFMFWJTJOMPDBMi"IWBNPTw
EJDFDPOBMFHSB
7BSJPTTFQSFQBSBCBOQBSBJSBBKVTUBSDVFOUBT$BSMPT$SV[
PSEFOiOPOPTWBNPTBWFOHBSw.TUBSEFBMHVJFOMFEJSB
iBDBCBT EF TBMWBSMF MB WJEB B BMHVJFOw 1PDP UJFNQP EFTQVT -
GVOE$BVDF$JVEBEBOP$BTJBPTNTUBSEFMBPSHBOJ
[BDJOUJFOFUSBCBKPFOWBSJBTDJVEBEFT
FOUSFFMMBT.POUFSSFZ 4BMUJMMPTFFODVFOUSBBIPSBZNFEJBEF.POUFSSFZ.VDIBT
$BSMPT QFSDJCF RVF NVDIPT CBSSJPT TF IBO DFSSBEP Z VO QFSTPOBTWJWFOFOVOBDJVEBEZUSBCBKBOFOMBPUSB"NCBTDJV
JODSFNFOUPEFTNFEJEPEFMQFMJHSP"ENJUFRVFNVDIBTWF EBEFTJOUFSDBNCJBOQFSTPOBT
CJFOFT
DVMUVSB:DPNQBSUFO
DFTTTFGBTUJEJB
TPCSFUPEPEFMJEJBSDPOBVUPSJEBEFT)BZ MBQVHOBFOUSFMPT;FUBTZFMDSUFMEFM(PMGP
EBTRVFBQBHBMBDPNQVUBEPSBZTBMFDPSSJFOEPEFTVPDJOB %F4BMUJMMPFTFM#PSSBT
RVJFOUFOBBPTDVBOEPEFDJ
)BSUP1FSPiTJFNQSFNFFODVFOUSPDPOVOBCVFOBOPUJDJB EJTFSBQSFOEJ[EFTJDBSJPQBSBHBOBSNJMQFTPTRVJODFOB
VODIBWPRVFBDBCMBFTDVFMBPMBNBNEFBMHVJFORVFNF MFT$PNFO[BUSBCBKBSCBKPFMNBOEPEFVOFYQPMJDB-B
BHSBEFDF&TPNFNBOUJFOFBRVw OPDIFEFTVQSJNFSBTFTJOBUP
TVKFGFZPUSPTNTUSFQBSPO
/PUPEPIBTBMJEPCJFO-PTNJFNCSPTEF$BVDFOPIBO BMBDBNJPOFUBBVODPOEFOBEPBNVFSUF$POEVKFSPOIBT
SFHSFTBEPB.POUFSSFZEVSBOUFNFTFTQPSGBMUBEFTFHVSJEBE UB VO QBSBKF PTDVSP Z MF EJFSPO MB PSEFO #PSSBT EJTQBS
Z
i)BCMBNPTDPOMPTDIBWPTQPSTLZQF-FTNBOEBNPTMPRVF FOTFHVJEBDPNFO[BWPNJUBS
OFDFTJUBOw
FYQMJDB3FHSFTBSOTJTFDPODSFUBVOBBMJBO[BDPO 5JSBSPOFMDBEWFSFOPUSBQBSUF&MKFGFMFPSEFORVFNF
MBTUJFOEBTPYYP
QBSBUFOFSDJFSUBDPCFSUVSBEFQSPUFDDJO" UJFSBMBTNBOPTFOFMDVFSQPZTFMMFOBSBMBTNBOPTEFTBOHSF
JOJDJPTEFPUSPQSPZFDUPTFWJOPBCBKP&O4BOUB*TBCFM
i/PUFMBTMJNQJFT
EKBMBTBTw
MFFYJHB-PMMFWBDFOBSFO
188 189
VOMPDBMKVOUPBMBDBSSFUFSBi&TUPFTQBSBRVFUFWBZBTDBVUF QPQVMBSFT&MTFHVOEPGFONFOPFTRVFFMTJDBSJBUPUBNQPDP
SJ[BOEPw"TFTDPNPTFHBOBOFSWJPQBSBNBUBSDPNJFOEP DVNQMFUPEPMPRVFQSPNFUF
ZNVDIPTEFDJEFOBMFKBSTFBOUFT
DPONBOPTFOTBOHSFOUBEBT EFBTDFOEFSFOFMFTDBMBGO&ONPNFOUPTUFNQSBOPTUPEB
5JFNQPEFTQVTFM#PSSBTSP[TVQSPQJBNVFSUF*CBDPO WBQVFEFO[BGBSTFFJOUFHSBSTFBVOBWJEBEJGFSFOUF
DPNPMB
PUSPTUSFT
DVBOEPTFFODPOUSBSPODPOMPTTPMEBEPT4FSFQMF RVFFOTFB.POUFMPOHP
HBSPOBVOPTUFSSFOPTCBMEPT&OMBDBSSFSB
DBZFOVOIPZP &MFYTFNJOBSJTUBNFSFDJCFFOMBQMBOUBCBKBEFVOBBOUJ
Z TF EFTNBZ $VBOEP WPMWJ FO T
TVT DPNQBFSPT ZBDBO HVBDBTPOBFOFMDFOUSPEF4BMUJMMP
MBTFEFEF(SBUPT1PS
NVFSUPT$BNJOBVOBDBTBEFTFHVSJEBEDFSDBOB&OSFVOJO NTEFBPTIBDPOWJWJEPDPODJFOUPTEFKWFOFTEFMPT
DPOUPEBMBFTUSVDUVSB
MPUBCMFBSPOZMPEFHSBEBSPOQPSQFSEFS CBSSJPTNBSHJOBMFT)BBDPNQBBEPBNVDIPTFOVODBN
TVBSNB'VFSFCBKBEPBIBMDOZQBTBHBOBSQFTPTTF CJPEFWJEB
BPUSPTMPTIBWJTUPQFSEFSTFFOMBWJPMFODJB&O
NBOBMFT-FBTJHOBSPOVOTJUJPEFWJHBZMFEJFSPOVOSBEJP FMQJTPEFBSSJCBMBUSFJOUFOBEFDIBWPTRVFBTJTUJFSPOFTUF
6OBUBSEF
NJFOUSBTDPNBQBQBTGSJUBTQBTVODPOWPZEFM TCBEPFTDVDIBOBVODVFOUBDVFOUPTBOUFTEFFOTBZBSTVT
&KSDJUP4JOUJRVFMPIBCBOEFTDVCJFSUP&OUFSSFMSBEJP CBJMFT
FOUSFMBTQBQBT
ZFTDPOEJMBCPMTBEFGSJUVSBTFOVOIPZP -P NT BSSBJHBEP FOUSF MPT DIVOEPT EF 4BMUJMMP
TPO MPT
)VZFOUSFDBMMFTZWBTEFMUSFO
QPSIPSBT-MFHBDBTB4VT SJUNPT DPMPNCJBOPT
Z FTB GPSNB OJDB
TJOHVMBSTJNB
EF
KFGFT MP FTUBCBO FTQFSBOEP -FT FYQMJD MP PDVSSJEP )BTUB CBJMBSMBDVNCJB1PSFTP
DVBOEPVOHSVQPEFQFSTPOBTTF
RVFDPNQSPCBSPORVFFMSBEJPFTUBCBEPOEFEFDB
MFQFSEP QSFHVOUBCBDNPBZVEBSBBEPMFTDFOUFTFOSJFTHPTFEFDJEJ
OBSPOMBWJEB RVFMPNFKPSFSBGPSNBSVOHSVQPEFCBJMFDPMPNCJBOP&O
&M#PSSBTIBCMDPOFMFYQPMJDBZMFEJKPRVFFTBWJEBOP MPT FOTBZPT BEFNT SFDJCFO UBMMFSFT EF TBMVE SFQSPEVDUJWB
FSBQBSBM4VKFGFTFDPNQBEFDJ
MFUFOBFTUJNB-PEFK BVUPFTUJNB
WBMPSFT 6TBO VO NPEFMP CBTBEP FO MB FEV
TBMJSEFMBPSHBOJ[BDJO DBDJOQPQVMBSEF1BVMP'SFJSFBMRVFMMBNBSPOEJBMHJDP
&TUPFT4BMUJMMPZMPTKWFOFT QBSUJDJQBUJWPUPEPTFEJBMPHBZMPTDIJDPTTPOMPTEVFPTEF
%VSBOUFMPTMUJNPTBPT3PESJHP.POUFMPOHP
MEFSEFM MBPSHBOJ[BDJO
QSPZFDUP(SBUPT$PMPNCJB
IBQPEJEPPCTFSWBSEPTGFO (SBUPT SFDJCF B BEPMFTDFOUFT EF B BPT 4FSO
NFOPT ZB OP IBZ MFWBOUPOFT EF NVDIBDIPT QBSB GPS[BSMPT CFOFDJBSJPTIBTUBMPT%FTQVTTMPQPESOTFSWPMVO
BUSBCBKBSDPOFMOBSDP"IPSBTPOMPTBEPMFTDFOUFTRVJFOFT UBSJPTZTFDPOWJFSUFOFOMPTQJMBSFTEFMBPSHBOJ[BDJO1PS
iIBDFOMBQBSBTFSSFDMVUBEPTw4JOBDDFTPBMUSBCBKP
MBFTDVF FKFNQMP
MBNBOPEFSFDIBEF.POUFMPOHPFT+VBO
VOKPWFO
MBPBMHOFTQBDJPFOFMRVFTFQVFEBOEFTBSSPMMBS
FMDSJNFO EFBPT
BMUPZSPCVTUPRVFEFTEFBEPMFTDFOUFJOHSFTB
PSHBOJ[BEPFTMBFTQFSBO[B&MOBSDPJNQPOFMPTHVTUPT
MBT (SBUPT1SPWFOJFOUFEFVOCBSSJPEFQJOUPSFTEFCSPDIBHPS
NPEBT
MBTOFDFTJEBEFTFOUSFMPTKWFOFTEFDPMPOJBTVSCBOP EB
FTFMQSJNFSPEFUPEBTVGBNJMJBRVFTFIBHSBEVBEPEFMB
190 191
QSFQB
ZBIPSBFTUQPSDPODMVJSVOBMJDFODJBUVSBFO*OHFOJF GFSNFSB:PNFMMBNP+POBUIBO
NFEJDFO+PIOOZ
UFOHP
SB5JFOFVOUSBCBKP
VOBOPWJBZBTJTUFUPEPTMPTTCBEPT BPT
FTUVEJPMBTFDVOEBSJB
WFOHPQBSBOPFTUBSBCVSSJEPFO
"OUFT
MBPSHBOJ[BDJOBDFQUBCBFTUVEJBOUFTQBSBRVFIJ MBDBTB.FEJDFO$IFOUF
UFOHP
OPFTUVEJP
OPUSBCBKP
DJFSBOTVTFSWJDJPTPDJBM
QFSPOPGVODJPO-PTQSFTUBEPSFT ZBOPNFKVOUPDPOOBEJF
EF TFSWJDJP TPDJBM TMP WFOBO QPS VOPT NFTFT i4F QSFTFO &TUPTKWFOFTSFQSFTFOUBOBMPTEFMQBT0MWJEBEPTFYDFQ
UBSPOQSPCMFNBTBGFDUJWPTFOUSFMPTNVDIBDIPT
TFTJOUJFSPO UPDVBOEPNBUBOZNVFSFO.FQSFHVOUP{FORVNPNFOUP
VTBEPTw
FYQMJDB.POUFMPOHP DPOTUSVJNPTVOQBTRVFEFKEFBNBSBTVTIJKPT $PNPBM
-BIJTUPSJBDBNCJBEFVOQMVNB[PNJTQSFHVOUBT{EFRV JOJDJPEFFTUFWJBKF
MBSFBMJEBETFQSFTFOUBBCSVNBEPSB-PT
UBNBPFTFMEBPBGFDUJWPFOMPTBEPMFTDFOUFTEFMPTCBSSJPT QSPZFDUPT
DPNPEJDF.POUFMPOHP
iTPOQVMHVJUBTFOVOQF
QPQVMBSFT .POUFMPOHP DVFOUB DPO IVNPS BNBSHP MB EJT SSPw:TJOFNCBSHPBIFTUO
QFRVFBTJOJDJBUJWBT
QVMHVJUBT
DSJNJOBDJORVFMNJTNPIBTVGSJEPQPSBDPNQBBSMPT4F MVDIBOEPDPOUSBVOBCBOEPOPDPMPTBM
IBO OFHBEP B BUFOEFSMPT FO SFTUBVSBOUFT iQPSRVF EBO NBM $PNJFO[BFMFOTBZP6OPQPSVOPQBTBOBCBJMBSZEFTQMJF
BTQFDUPw"MMMFHBSBVOBUJFOEBEFBCBSSPUFT
VOWJHJMBOUFMPT HBO MPT FMBCPSBEPT QBTJUPT EFM CBJMF DPMPNCJBOPTBMUJMMFOTF
FTDPMUBSIBTUBRVFTBMHBO-BTPMVDJOBMBNBSHJOBDJOZB 1PSVONPNFOUP
MBBWBTBMMBEPSBSFBMJEBEEFMBNBSHJOBDJO
MPTIPZPTOFHSPTBGFDUJWPTRVFTUBEFKBOPFTTFODJMMBOJSQJ TFIBEFUFOJEP4MPTVFOBFMBDPSEFO4MPFYJTUFMBDVNCJB
EB/PBDFQUBDVSTPTGBTUSBDL
OJDPNQSPNJTPTUFNQPSBMFT
OJBDUJUVEFTSFEFOUPSJTUBT
&OMBTQBSFEFTEFMBDBTBTFSFMBUBOMBTIJTUPSJBTEFYJUP
EF(SBUPT1SFNJPTJOUFSOBDJPOBMFTBMBMBCPSTPDJBMKWFOFT
RVFOVODBIBCBOTBMJEPEFTVCBSSJPQFSPBIPSBWJBKBOQPS
FM NVOEP QBSB EBS B DPOPDFS FM CBJMF DPMPNCJBOP BM FTUJMP
4BMUJMMP&OFMTFHVOEPQJTP
FMDVFOUBDVFOUPTIBDPODMVJEP
&TIPSBEFFOTBZBSFMCBJMF-PTDIJDPTNVFWFOMBTTJMMBT
EFT
QFKBOFMTBMO4FQSFTFOUBO
.J OPNCSF FT +PSHF
NF EJDFO :PSDI
WJWP FO #POBO[B
ZNFKVOUPDPOMPTNBPTPT
TPZVOOJOJ.FEJDFO(PZB
WJWPFO#POBO[B
UFOHP
FTUVEJPTJTUFNBTFOFM$FUJT
WFOHP
QPSRVFNFHVTUBMBDPMPNCJB.FMMBNP&OSJRVF
NFKVOUPDPO
MPTUSPMPT
WFOHPBRVQPSRVFNFHVTUBCBJMBS:PTPZ/FMMZ
NF
KVOUPDPOMBTDSFNPTJUBT
UFOHPBPTZFTUPZFTUVEJBOEPFO
192 193
-
-VJT(VJMMFSNP)FSOOEF[
Luis Guillermo Hernndez es periodista egresado de la Univer- $VBOEP FTDVDI EFDJS BM TBDFSEPUF
QPS MB UFMFWJTJO
sidad Autnoma Metropolitana, con estudios de Maestra en RVFNVDIPTKVBSFOTFTOFDFTJUBCBOBZVEBQBSBTVQFSBSTVT
Comunicacin por la UNAM. DSJTJTOFSWJPTBT
TVEVFMP
FMUFNPSBMBTCBMBDFSBTDPOTUBO
Desde 1994 su trabajo ha sido difundido en peridicos, revistas, UFT Z TVDFTJWBT
%PSB %WJMB OP TPTQFDI RVF QSPOUP TV
radio, televisin y portales digitales de Mxico y Latinoamrica, UFSBQJB PSBM
MBT iHPUJUBT DPOUSB FM NJFEPw FO MBT DVBMFT
en medios como El Universal, Reforma, Grupo Expansin y DSFB
IBCSBEFTVNBSTFBVOQFMPUOEFNVKFSFTZIPN
Grupo Televisa, entre otros. CSFTEFDJEJEPTRVFTBMESBOBTBOBSBMNBTBMBDJVEBEEF
En 2007 obtuvo el Premio Nacional de Periodismo por la serie MBNVFSUF
de entrevistas Los nios de la furia y en 2011 el reconoci- .VDIPTNFTFTMMFWBCBBUFTUJHVBOEPVOEFTDPOTVFMPNB
miento del Premio Nacional de Periodismo Cultural Fernando TJWP FO MBT DBMMFT EFM BOUJHVP 1BTP EFM /PSUF
TJO TJRVJFSB
Bentez, por la serie de reportajes La vida despus de San Fer- UFOFSVOBFYQFDUBUJWBDPODSFUBNTBMMEFDPODMVJSVODVS
nando. TPQBSBSFBMJ[BSUSBUBNJFOUPTUFSBQVUJDPTBMUFSOBUJWPT
RVF
Actualmente es periodista independiente, becario del Conacyt VOHSVQPEFNVKFSFT
QSPWFOJFOUFEFEJTUJOUBT[POBTEF
en el posgrado en Comunicacin de la UNAM, y cursa una MBDJVEBE
IBCBDPNFO[BEPSFDJFOUFNFOUFFO4BCJD
MBBTP
especializacin en periodismo literario en la Universidad Aut- DJBDJODJWJM4BMVEZ#JFOFTUBS$PNVOJUBSJP
BMBRVFFMMBTF
noma de Barcelona. IBCBTVNBEPDPNPEJSFDUJWBQPDPUJFNQPBOUFT
197
2VJ[GVFSPOMPTNJMIPNJDJEJPTEFFTFBP
&OTVTNBOPTVOGSBTDPEJNJOVUP
NCBS
DPOMBTOUFTJT
RVFSBTHVBSPOVOQSPNFEJPEFDBTJOVFWFBMEBFOUPEBMB EFTVQSPQVFTUBUFSBQJBPSBM
VOBFTQFSBO[BFOFYUSBDUPEF
DJVEBE
PTVQSPQJPNJFEP
TVQBTNPEFIBCJUBOUFBUSBQBEB NJMJMJUSPT NBDFSBEB BM TPM
EJMVEB FO BMDPIPM P CSBOEZ
FOMBDJVEBENTWJPMFOUBEF.YJDP2VJ[BMHPFOMBWP[
FO TFSFOBEBQBDJFOUFNFOUFQPSEBTZEJTQVFTUBQBSBFMBMJWJPEF
MBTQBMBCSBTVSHFOUFTEFMTBDFSEPUF"MCFSUP.FMOEF[
WJDBSJP RVJFOTVGSFEFMBTFNPDJPOFTBMUFSBEBT
EFMBNPEFTUBQBSSPRVJBEF4BOUP5PSJCJPEF.PHSPWFKP
RVF %PSBUFOBVOBDPSB[POBEBDPOUBCBDPOQBSFTEFNB
FTBOPDIFSFUVNCBSPOTPOPSBTFOVOQVOUPEFMBDPODJFODJB OPTEFNVKFSFTEJTQVFTUBTBBZVEBS
DBQBDJUBEBTFOFTFUJQP
EFFTBNVKFS EFUSBUBNJFOUPZDPOMBDFSUF[BEFRVFFOMBFTFODJBEFMBT
7JFOF NVDIB
NVDIB HFOUF B QFEJSOPT BZVEB
NVDIBT PSFTQPEBFODPOUSBSTFBMHVOBSFTQVFTUB
GBNJMJBT RVF IBO QFSEJEP VO IJKP
BM FTQPTPy MB HFOUF FTU 4POUFSBQJBTRVFDPODFOUSBOMBGVFS[BWJCSBDJPOBMEFMBT
TVGSJFOEPNVDIP
NVDIPyOPTPUSPTOFDFTJUBNPTBZVEBSMPT PSFTQBSBMBTBOBDJOFNPDJPOBMEJKP%PSBDPNPOJDBFY
&MTBDFSEPUFIBCMBCBQPSNJMFTEFIBCJUBOUFTTJMFODJPTPT
FO QMJDBDJOBMQBESF.FMOEF[
RVJFOQBSBFMEPNJOHPTJHVJFO
VOB DJVEBE KPMHPSJP RVF EFWJOP DFNFOUFSJP 4FEF JOUFSOB UF
EFTQVTEFMTFSNOEFNFEJPEB
ZBFTUBCBBWJTBOEPBMPT
DJPOBMEFMPTGFNJOJDJEJPT
EFMBJNQVOJEBE
EFMBMVDIBTJO BTJTUFOUFTRVFMBTNVKFSFTEF4BCJDJCBOBPGSFDFSVOBQMUJDB
OFOUSFMPTDSUFMFTEFMBESPHBNTTBOHVJOBSJPTEFMQBT
"QPZPUFSBQVUJDPMFMMBNFMDMSJHPQBSBUPEBT
FMUFSSJUPSJPEFMBWJVEF[DPNPFTUBEPDJWJM
DBEBWF[NTDP BRVFMMBTQFSTPOBTRVFUVWJFSBOQSPCMFNBTFNPDJPOBMFTZRVJ
NO
EPOEFFMFKSDJUPZMBTGVFS[BTQPMJDJBDBTGFEFSBMFT
RVF TJFSBOFTDVDIBS
MMFHBSPOBTJHOJDBSIBTUBNJMFGFDUJWPTKVOUPTFOVOBTPMB %FMBGFMJHSFTB
VOBTQFSTPOBTTFRVFEBSPOFOFMBUSJP
UFNQPSBEB
GVFSUFNFOUF BSNBEPT QBUSVMMBCBO
WJHJMBCBO Z EFMBJHMFTJB
VOQBUJPBNQMJP
TPMFBEP
DPOVOQBSEFSCPMFT
DFSOBOFMNJFEPBSBTEFDVFMMPFOMBOJDB[POBRVFEJTQV RVF TPNCSFBO QPRVJUP QPS MB UBSEF
DVZP BSFOBM DPOUJHVP
UBCBFMUUVMPEFNBZPSDFNFOUFSJPEFMNVOEPFOHVFSSBBMB DPOBQFOBTWFSEFT
QBSFDFGVOEJSTFDPOFMBNBSJMMPEFMBUPSSF
EFWBTUBEB*SBL EFMDBNQBOBSJP
CSJMMBOUF
DIJMMO
KVTUPBMDFOUSPEFMBDPMP
%PSB
VOBNVKFSEFDJODVFOUBZUBOUPT
DVZBWP[EFWFO OJB5PSJCJP(BSDB
FOFMOPSUFQPQVMPTPEFMBDJVEBE
UJTDBFWPDBFMUPOPEFDJFSUBTFOGFSNFSBTDPOTBHSBEBT
EFNB -BTNVKFSFTEF4BCJDMFTIBCMBSPOEFMQPEFSDVSBUJWPEF
OPTICJMFTDPNPKBSEJOFSB
PKPTWJEPT
NBSSPOFTDPNPFM MBTPSFT
EFMBFOFSHBRVFHVBSEBMBUJFSSBEFMDBNQP
EFM
BSNB[OEFTVTMFOUFT
MBCPDBVOUSB[PUFOVF
FMQFMPFOUSF QPEFSTJOUFUJ[BEPSEFMPTSBZPTEFMTPM
EFVODBNJOPBMUFS
DBOP
NVZMBDJP
TFEFDJEJFTBOPDIFBNBSDBSFMUFMGPOPZ OBUJWPQBSBFODPOUSBSMBQB[JOUFSOBFONFEJPEFMBHVFSSBZ
QFEJSVOBDJUBDPOFMDVSB MBNVFSUF
5FOFNPT FTUP
QBESF
EBOPT DIBO[B EF BCSJS BRV VO "MNJTNPUJFNQPRVFPGSFDBOTVTSFNFEJPT
DPOPDBOMBT
DFOUSPEFBUFODJOEJKPFMMB IJTUPSJBT
NVZTJNJMBSFT
EFTVTQSJNFSBTQBDJFOUFTNVKFSFT
198 199
KWFOFTNVDIBTEFFMMBT
BHPUBEBTQPSSFDVSSFOUFTZTVDFTJWBT $BEB TFTJO
NT FYUFOVBOUF
NT QSPMPOHBEB F JOUFOTB
DSJTJTOFSWJPTBT
JOTPNOFT
DBSHBEBTDPOEVFMPTOPFMBCPSB RVFMBBOUFSJPS
EFUPOBCBFOMPTDPMPOPTNBZPSFTFYQFDUBUJWBT
EPT
DPO BMUFSBDJPOFT EF QFSTPOBMJEBE QSPEVDUP EF MB WJP DBTJ EF JONFEJBUP TJHOJDBCB
FO NVDIPT EF MPT DBTPT
MB
MFODJBEFTBUBEB0BEPMFTDFOUFT
BMHVOBTDBTJOJBT
QFSPZB OJDBQPTJCJMJEBEEFBZVEBQBSBNJMFTEFQFSTPOBTTJOBDDFTP
WJVEBTZDPOGVFSUFTQSPCMFNBTEFHBTUSJUJT
EFIJQFSUFOTJO
BTFSWJDJPTNEJDPT
BFTQFDJBMJTUBTFOMBEFWBTUBDJOFTQJSJ
JODMVTP MDFSBT TBOHSBOUFT : UPEBT
TJO FYDFQDJO BMHVOB
UVBM
NPSBM
BONJDB
RVFTBDVEJBMBDJVEBE
BCBUJEBTQPSIVSBDBOFTEFBOHVTUJB
FOPKPPFTUST 4J FT DJFSUP
DPNP EJDFO MPT FYQFSUPT
RVF VOB USBHFEJB
/PT EJNPT DVFOUB EF RVF FM QSPCMFNB FSB NVZ
NVZ QVFEF UPDBS BQSPYJNBEBNFOUF B QFSTPOBT RVF EF VOB
HSBWF-MFHBCBONVKFSFT
JODMVTPOJPT
FYQVFTUPTBMBWJPMFO VPUSBNBOFSBTFSFMBDJPOBODPOMBWDUJNB
FO+VSF[
RVF
DJBSFDPSE%PSBDVBOEPIJ[PVOSFDVFOUPEFFTFUJFNQP FOUSFZQSFTFODJFMBTFTJOBUPEFDBTJNJMQFS
"MBRVFOPMFIBCBOBTFTJOBEPBMFTQPTPEFMBOUFEFTVT TPOBT
FTFVOJWFSTPGDJMNFOUFIBCSBBMDBO[BEPMBTEPTNJ
IJKPT QFRVFPT QBSB EFTQPKBSMP EF TV DBNJPOFUB
MF IBCBO MMPOFTEFBMNBT
DBTJNJMNTEFMBTRVFSFHJTUSBFMDFOTP
EFTDVBSUJ[BEP BM QBQ QPS EFEJDBSTF BM OBSDPNFOVEFP -B QPCMBDJPOBMEFMBP6ODFNFOUFSJPFNPDJPOBM
RVF OP IBCB QFSEJEP UPEP TV QBUSJNPOJP B NBOPT EF MPT "VOBEPBFMMP
BVUPFYJMJBEPTQPSFMUFNPSBMPTTFDVFTUSPT
OBODJFSPTEFMDSJNFOPSHBOJ[BEP
MFIBCBODBTJNBUBEPBM PEFTBMFOUBEPTQPSMBDBEBEFMPTTBMBSJPT
QSPEVDUPEFMYPEP
IJKPQPSSFTJTUJSTFBQBHBSQSPUFDDJO-BRVFOPDPOUBCBVOB NBTJWP EF DBQJUBMFT Z FM EFTQMPNF EF MB FDPOPNB KVBSFOTF
IJTUPSJB EF BNFOB[B
MB DPOUBCB EF WJPMBDJO
EF TFDVFTUSP
NVDIPTNEJDPTZFTQFDJBMJTUBTDMOJDPT
FOUSFFMMPTMBNBZPSB
EFHPMQFT
EFCBMBDFSBT
EFBTBMUPTFOQMFOBNBESVHBEBBMQJF EF MPT QTJDMPHPT
IBCBO UFSNJOBEP QPS IVJS B &M 1BTP
FO
EFTVQSPQJBDBNB7JEBTBMCPSEFEFMFYUSFNPQFMJHSPZMB 5FYBT
PBPUSBTDJVEBEFT
FTUBEPVOJEFOTFTPNFYJDBOBT
EPO
JONJOFODJBEFMBNVFSUF EFFMFKFSDJDJPEFTVQSPGFTJOOPTJHOJDBCBMBNVFSUFTFHVSB
"SNBEBT DPO QFRVFBT DBKJUBT DPOUFOFEPSBT EF GSBTDPT OJMBBNFOB[BDPOTUBOUF
DPOHPUFSPT
QFSPQSJODJQBMNFOUFDPOVOBHSBOQBDJFODJBZ /PTRVFEBNPTTJOFTQFDJBMJTUBT&OMPTIPTQJUBMFT
FO
EJTQPTJDJOQBSBFTDVDIBSIJTUPSJBTEFWJEB
VOBTNTUFSSJ MBTDMOJDBT
QSJWBEBTPQCMJDBT:NVDIPTDPNQBFSPTUV
CMFTRVFPUSBT
MBTNVKFSFTEF4BCJDBUFOEJFSPO
FOUSFFMQSJ WJFSPOJODMVTPRVFBQPZBSFOFTQFDJBMJEBEFTRVFOPFSBOMBT
NFSPZMPTUSFTEPNJOHPTTJHVJFOUFT
BNTEFWFDJOBTEF TVZBT
QPSRVFOPIBCBDBQBDJEBEQBSBBUFOEFSUBOUBEFNBO
MBDPMPOJB5PSJCJP(BSDB EBEJKP-FUJDJB$IBWBSSB
VOBEFMBTDBCF[BTEFMDPMFDUJWP
&SBOEFNBTJBEBTUSBHFEJBT
EFNBTJBEPTVGSJNJFOUPEF $PNJU.EJDP$JVEBEBOP
VOBEPDUPSBDVZPSPTUSP
BOHV
MBHFOUFSFDVFSEB%PSBQFOTBNPTRVFFTUPQPEBBZV MPTP
CFMMP
SFDVFSEBNTBFTBTBDUSJDFTSPNOUJDBTEFMPTBPT
EBS
{WFSEBE "VORVFGVFSBVOQPDP
BZVEBSBTBOBSUPEBFTB RVF B VOB MVDIBEPSB TPDJBM BHVFSSJEB
EFDJEJEB
FOPKBEB
BOHVTUJB DPOFMFTUBEPEFMBTDPTBTFOMBDJVEBERVFMBWJPOBDFS
200 201
0USPTDPMFHBTTFFTDPOEJFSPOFODPOTVMUPSJPTTJOBOVO FOJHMFTJBTPSFVOBOBFTUVEJBOUFTEFQTJDPMPHBQBSBBCSJS
DJPT
TJO QVCMJDJEBE
QBSB OP MMBNBS MB BUFODJO EJKP DFOUSPTEFBUFODJO
MBNBZPSBEFMBTWFDFTHSBUVJUB
PUBMMF
QPSRVFBNVDIPTMPTNBUBSPO
JODMVTPQPSBUFOEFSBMBTWD SFTEFZPHB
NFEJUBDJO
UFSBQJB[FO
EFDVBMRVJFSDPTBRVF
UJNBT&MDPNJUNJTNPIBCBTVSHJEPBT
EFMIBSUB[HPEF TJHOJDBSBDPOUFODJOEFMEFSSVNCFFNPDJPOBM
MPTNEJDPTBOUFMPTBTFTJOBUPTEFTVTDPMFHBTFOMBTFTDFOBT $PNPUPSSFOUF
MBOFDFTJEBEQSPOUPMJCFSOPTMPMBDPO
EFMDSJNFO%FMBTFKFDVDJPOFTDVBOEPQSFTUBCBOTVBZVEBB BO[BFONVDIPTPUSPTHSVQPTRVFUSBBOCBKPFMCSB[PTVT
MPTIFSJEPT
EFUFOFSRVFQBHBSDVPUBTEFWJEBBMPTTJDBSJPTP QSPQJBTBMUFSOBUJWBT
UPEBTQPUFODJBMNFOUFUJMFTQBSBBMJWJBS
DBOKFBSTVWJEBQPSMBEFTVTQBDJFOUFT MBBJDDJOEFUBOUPTFONFEJPEFMEFTBTUSF
TJOPRVFFNQF[
4JOPSEFO
OJHBSBOUBT
NVDIPTNEJDPTTFGVFSPO
DBO BTVNBSNBOPT
JODMVTPEFBRVFMMBTQFSTPOBTRVFDBSHBCBO
TBEPTEFQBHBSMBTFYUPSTJPOFTRVFMFTFYJHBODPOBNFOB[BT DPOTJHPMBQFOB
MBSBCJB
FMPEJPEFIBCFSTJEPWDUJNBTEF
DPOUSBTVTWJEBTZMBTEFTVTGBNJMJBT&OBQFOBTVOUSJFOJP
MBCBSCBSJFZFTUBCBOEJTQVFTUBTBIBDFSBMHPQPSSFDVQFSBS
B
NT EFM QPS DJFOUP EF MPT NEJDPT
FTQF TVTWJEBT
DJBMJTUBT Z DBTJ MB UPUBMJEBE EF MPT QTJDMPHPT QSPGFTJPOBMFT
FYQFSJNFOUBEPT IBCBO BCBOEPOBEP MB DJVEBE P TF IBCBO
SFQMFHBEP
Z QBSB DPNJFO[PT EF +VSF[ UFOB TMP VO 6
DBSEJMPHPFOGVODJPOFT
OJOHOPODMPHPWJWJFOEPEFKP
FOMBDJVEBEZVOBNBSDBEBTPCSFPGFSUBEFTFSWJDJPTNEJDPT &SJLBQBSFDFVOBNVKFSGVFSUF
EFSBTHPTDPOUVOEFOUFT
EF
RVF
BVORVFBCBSBUBEPT
DBTJOBEJFQPEBQBHBS DBSDUFSTMJEP
RVFDPOMBNJSBEBEPNJOBMBDNBSBBOUFMB
1PSFMMP
MPRVFFOPUSPTUJFNQPTQVEPTJHOJDBSVONVSP DVBMDVFOUBTVIJTUPSJB
JOGSBORVFBCMF
DPNP QSPQPOFS VO USBUBNJFOUP BMUFSOBUJWP :PWFOBFODFOJ[BT
QFOTBCBFOFMTVJDJEJPyEJDF
DPOTJEFSBEPTVQFSDIFSB
DBTJSFEVDJEPBMBDBUFHPSBEFQMB ZTVTPKPT
OFHSPTDPNPQMVNBTEFDIBOBUF
TFDMBWBOFOMPT
DFCPQPSMBDJFODJBGPSNBM
UFSNJOQPSHFSNJOBSFOVOUF PKPTEFRVJFOMBNJSBBUSBWTEFMNPOJUPS
DPNPTJQVEJF
SSFOPWJEP
OFDFTJUBEPEFDVSB
DPNPFSBDJVEBE+VSF[FO SBOBUSBWFTBSMPTDSJTUBMFT
WJWPT%FTFSNBNEFUJFNQP
FMNPNFOUPRVF%PSBZMBTNVKFSFTEF4BCJDQMBOUBSPOFOMB DPNQMFUP
QBTBTFSNBESFZQSPWFFEPSB
BEFKBSBNJTIJKPT
HFOUFTVTPSFTEF#BDI TPMPT MB NJUBE EFM EB 7FOB UPUBMNFOUF DPO MB BVUPFTUJNB
-BOFDFTJEBEFSBNBZTDVMB
TJOQSFDFEFOUFTFOVOBDJV QPSFMTVFMP
OPUFOBMBGPSUBMF[B
SFOFHBCB
OPBMDBO[BCBB
EBERVFOPFTUBCBQSFQBSBEBQBSBVOEFTBGPFNPDJPOBMEF DPODFCJSNJWJEBTJONJFTQPTP
OPMPFOUFOEB5PEBWBIBZ
FTFUBNBPTVSHBOUFSBQJBTEFUPEBOEPMFQPSUPEPTMBEPT
EBTRVFOPMPFOUJFOEPEJDF
QFSPOJOHVOBTFEBCBBCBTUPQBSBBUFOEFSMBEJNFOTJOEFMB 4FOUBEBFOVOBEFMBTFTRVJOBTEFTVDPNFEPS
IBCMBEF
USBHFEJB"MHVOBTNVKFSFTJNQSPWJTBCBOUBMMFSFTEFTBOBDJO TV FYQFSJFODJB DPNP WDUJNB EF MB WJPMFODJB 3FDVFSEB
TJO
202 203
MHSJNBTQPSRVFZBTFMFBHPUBSPO
VOSFQPSUFEFQFSJEJDP
BSEJFOUFDPSBKF
DPOFSBWBMFOUB"USBWJFTPMBPTDVSJEBEEFM
GFDIBEPFOKVOJPEF
FOFMRVFRVFEBSFHJTUSBEPFMQFPS NVOEPDPOMBFTQBEBEFMBWFSEBEw
NPNFOUPEFTVWJEBTVFTQPTP
TDBS(BSDB
VODIPGFSEF 1PSFTPNFEFDJEBTFSUFSBQJTUB
QPSRVFTFOUVOBMJWJP
USJMFSRVJFOEVSBOUFBPTDVCSJMBTEJTUJOUBTSVUBTEF+V RVFOPIBCBTFOUJEPIBTUBFTFNPNFOUPEJDF"MJHVBMRVF
SF[IBDJBMBDBQJUBMEFMFTUBEPEF$IJIVBIVB
VOBOPDIFFT DBTJ UPEBT MBT NVKFSFT EF MB DJVEBE
FM GPOEP EF TVT PKPT FT
FODPOUSBEPNVFSUP"DSJCJMMBEPDPOUSFTUJSPTFOFMBCEPNFO
PTDVSP $PNP TJ FM BJSF EF MB GSPOUFSB DVCSJFSB EF NBUF FM
MBDBCF[BZFMDVFMMP QSFDJQJDJPEFUPEBTTVTNJSBEBTZMBTDVFODBTTFDBTEFUPEBT
$VBOEPBQBSFDJFMDVFSQP
ZPMPSFDPOPDFOFMGPSFO TVTQVQJMBT
TF.JTTVFHSPTOPQVEJFSPO
ZPMPFODPOUS
ZPMPSFDPOPDy 5PNBVODVSTPJOUFOTJWP
DPNQMFUP
ZEFDJEFTVNBSTFBM
JNHFOFTRVFRVJ[OPTFNFCPSSFOEFMBDBCF[BEJDF HSVQPEF4BCJD
RVFQBSBFOUPODFTZBFTUPEBVOBCSJHBEBEF
.TFOCVTDBEFBZVEBQBSBTNJTNBRVFDPOJOUFODJO NVKFSFTRVF
DPNP&SJLB
RVJFSFODPOPDFSFMNUPEPPSBM
EFBZVEBSBBMHVJFONT
USFTTFNBOBTEFTQVTEFMBUSBHFEJB
BSNBSUBMMFSFTEFBQSFOEJ[BKFSQJEP
QSFQBSBSMBTFTFODJBT
&SJLBBDVEJBVOBEFMBTTFTJPOFTEFUFSBQJBEFEVFMPRVFMBT "QBSUJSEFMSFDPOPDJNJFOUPEFTVTQSPQJBTUSBHFEJBT
BM
NVKFSFTEF4BCJDSFBMJ[BCBOFOMBJHMFTJBEF.PHSPWFKP
BMB HVOBT NVKFSFT JNQVMTBO MB SFDVQFSBDJO FNPDJPOBM EF MBT
RVFMMFHQPSSFDPNFOEBDJOEFTVTWFDJOBT PUSBT
TV BDPNQBBNJFOUP
MB WJHJMBODJB EF TVT FTUBEPT EF
%FTQVTEFUSFTWJTJUBT
BMPMBSHPEFEPTNFTFT
&SJLBTJOUJ OJNP*HVBMTJTPOGBNJMJBSFT
WFDJOBT
BNJHBTPHFOUFJODMV
DJFSUBNFKPSBBONJDB:BIBCMBCBNT
ZBDPNB1VEPDP TPEFTDPOPDJEBQFSPRVFSFRVJFSFJOUFSWFODJOVSHFOUF
NFO[BSFMSFFODVFOUSPFNPDJPOBMDPOTVTIJKPT
EFEPT
TFJTZ -BTKPSOBEBTTFDPOWJFSUFOQPDPBQPDPFONPNFOUPTQBSB
EJF[BPT&YQMJDBSMFTQPSRVTVQBESFTFGVF:EFRVGPSNB DPNQBSUJSFYQFSJFODJBTOUJNBTEFTVGSJNJFOUPZEFNVFSUF
$JODPHPUBTEFFTFODJBPSBMEJMVJEBTFONFEJPWBTPDPO QBSBJOZFDUBSTFWJEB
QBSBJOUFOUBSBQPZBSTFVOBDPOMBPUSB
BHVB
DBEBPDIPIPSBTFMQFTPEFMPTSFDVFSEPTGSFOUFBMFT FMEPMPSFTFMNJTNP
QFSPTFQSPDFTBEJTUJOUP
QFKP
FMDPOWFODJNJFOUPEFRVF
BOTJOTVDPNQBFSP
TJHVF &MMBT
RVFFOMPTBPTBUFTUJHVBSPOMBFYQBOTJOFDP
MBWJEB
RVFQVFEFWJWJSTFBVORVFEJTUJOUB"GFSSBEBBMQFTP ONJDBEFTVDJVEBE
MBNTEFOTBNFOUFPDVQBEBQPSMBJO
EFDPOWFSUJSTFFOFMOJDPGVUVSPQPTJCMFQBSBTVTIJKPT
EJDF EVTUSJBNBRVJMBEPSBEFFTFFOUPODFT
ZRVFFOMPTWJWJFSPO
&SJLB
QVFEFMFWBOUBSTFEFTVEFSSVNCFDPOMBTGSBTFTBSNB FM BQPHFP MBCPSBM Z DPNFSDJBM EF MB DJVEBE GSPOUFSJ[B NT
UJWBT
QBSUFEFTVUFSBQJB
RVFBDBEBNPNFOUPEFCFSFQFUJS FOKBVKB
IBCMBOEFMEFSSVNCFQMFOP
FTUSFQJUPTP
TJOWBDJMB
i*OTFHVSJEBE)PZVZPFOMBWJEBDPOGVFS[BQBSBTBMJSBEF DJO
RVFWJWFO
MBOUF5FOHPGFFORVFFMBNPSZMBCPOEBEIBCJUBOFOUPEPMP .JFOUSBT IBDFO SFDVFOUPT QFSTPOBMFT
DSUJDPT
EFM SF
RVFFODVFOUSPy*NQPUFODJB$POGPFONJGVFS[BZDBQBDJ TVMUBEP EFM USBCBKP EF BVUPSJEBEFT GFEFSBMFT
FTUBUBMFT Z
EBEEFEFDJTJO&OGSFOUPMPTPCTUDVMPTZMBBEWFSTJEBEDPO NVOJDJQBMFTQPDPJOUFMJHFOUFTFJOTFOTJCMFT
JODBQBDFTEFIB
204 205
DFSGSFOUFBMSFTRVFCSBKBNJFOUPTPDJBMNJFOUSBTTFBSSFNBO 4FNF[DMBODPOMPTNBTBKJTUBTEFUPEBTMBTUFOEFODJBTDV
HBOMBTNBOHBTQBSBDPNFO[BSBTBOBSTFFOUSFFMMBTBUSBWT SBUJWBT
EFTEF QSFIJTQOJDBT IBTUB PSJFOUBMFT
QBTBOEP QPS
EF TVT FTDFODJBT WFSUJEBT FO FTPT GSBTDPT DPMPS NCBS
MBT SFJLJTUBT
RVJFOFTJHVBMQSPQPOFONBTBKFTEFQJFTZUPCJMMPT
NVKFSFTNF[DMBOMBDPOBO[BDPOMBOFDFTJEBEEFDSFFSFO iEPOEF FTU FM SFFKP EF DBEB SHBOP EFM DVFSQPw
RVF EF
BMHP
MPTSF[PTDBUMJDPTDPOiMPTTJFUFQBTPTEFMBDVSBDJO IPNCSPTZDVFMMP
iQBSBMJCFSBSMBFOFSHBOFHBUJWBZMBBOHVT
MBQB[
MBFTQFSBO[B
MBBMFHSB
MBGF
MBTFHVSJEBE
MBTBCJEV UJBEFRVJFOEFCFDBSHBSVOHSBOQFTPTPCSFTVTFTQBMEBTw4V
SBZFMBNPSw
PCMJHOEPTFBSFQFUJSGSFOUFBMFTQFKP
DPNP HJFSFONBTBKFTFOQVOUPTFTQFDDPTEFMDVFSQP
EFMBFTQBMEB
RVJFOTFIBCMBBTNJTNPTJOOJOHOUBQVKP
MBMFUBOBEF BMBDBCF[B
MBTQJFSOBT
QBSBFRVJMJCSBSMPTDIBLSBT
DPNPTF
BSNBDJPOFTFORVFDJGSBOTVFTQFSBO[B EFOPNJOBBMPTDFOUSPTFOFSHUJDPT
$VBOEPOPIBOQBTBEPOJNFTFTEFTEFMBQSJNFSBSF 0CTFSWBO B MPT BDVQVOUVSJTUBT
DPO NBQBT FOFSHUJDPT
VOJOFO.PHSPWFKP
MBTNVKFSFTEF4BCJDZBUJFOFONTEF DPSQPSBMFTRVFEPDVNFOUBSPOMPTBOUJHVPTDIJOPT
QBSBSF
WPMVOUBSJBTFOUPEBMBDJVEBE"MHVOBTNTFOPUSBTDJV HVMBSFMVKPEFFOFSHBZTVDPSSFTQPOEFODJBDPODBEBVOP
EBEFTEFMFTUBEP EFMPTSHBOPTEFMPTKVBSFODFTBGFDUBEPTQPSBMHOESBNB
$POWPDBEBTQPSPUSBTPSHBOJ[BDJPOFTDJWJMFT
MBTNVKFSFT QFSTPOBM"VSJDVMPUFSBQFVUBT
RVFMPNJTNPQSPQPOFOVUJMJ
EF4BCJDBDVEFOBTVTQSJNFSBTTFTJPOFTQCMJDBTFOFM+BSEO [BSCBMJOFTRVFHSBOPTEFUSJHP
BSSP[
DBGJODMVTP
DPOWFO
$FOUSBMEFMBDJVEBE
IBTUBEPOEFMMFHBODJFOUPTEFNVKFSFT
DJEPTEFRVFMBTPSFKBTSFFKBOVOBJNBHFOQBSFDJEBBMBEF
IPNCSFT
OJPT 4PO SFVOJPOFT RVF IBO DPNFO[BEP NFTFT MPTGFUPTEFOUSPEFMUFSPNBUFSOP
ZQPSMPUBOUPGVODJPOBO
BUST
FOMBTDVBMFT
DPNPTJTFUSBUBTFEFVOEBEFGFSJB
DPO DPNPVOFTQFKPEFUPEPFMDVFSQPIVNBOP
WJWFOUSBCBKBEPSBTTPDJBMFTDPOQTJDPUFSBQFVUBTRVFPGSFDFO $PNP MB QMB[B QCMJDB UJFOF FTQBDJPT BNQMJPT
WBO MMF
USBCBKPTHSVQBMFTQBSBFMNBOFKPEFMEVFMPZMBTFNPDJPOFT
HBOEP UBNCJO KWFOFT EF MPT NPWJNJFOUPT DVMUVSBMFT
UBMMFSFTQBSBOBSSBSUSBHFEJBTQFSTPOBMFT
TPCSFUPEPDPOOJ DBMMFKFSPT
MPTHSBUUFSPT
MPTEJCVKBOUFT
RVFPSHBOJ[BOUB
PT Z NVKFSFT
Z IBTUB SFVOJPOFT EF DBUSTJT QBSB NBOFKBS MMFSFTEFQJOUVSBZEJCVKPQBSBOJPTZKWFOFT
BMNJTNP
TVDFTPTWJWFODJBMFTFYUSFNPT
DPNPMBTCBMBDFSBTPMBTQFSTF UJFNQPRVFMPTDIBWPTEFMDPMFDUJWP1BDUPQPSMB$VMUVSB
DVTJPOFTBUJSPEFQMPNPBQMFOBMV[EFMEB VOBBTPDJBDJORVFQMBOUFBBMUFSOBUJWBTBSUTUJDBTDPOUSBMB
"I
EPOEFFTUOUBNCJOEJTUJOUPTHSVQPTEFUBOBUMPHPT
WJPMFODJB
QSFTFOUBOSFDJUBMFTBMBJSFMJCSFDPOHVJUBSSJTUBT
FYQFSUPTPJNQSPWJTBEPTQPSUBOUBOFDFTJEBE
RVFCVTDBOBV BVUJTUBT
MBTHSBDJBTEFBMHVOPTNJNPT
BDUPSFTRVFJNQSP
YJMJBSBMBHFOUFFOFMBDPNQBBNJFOUPEFFOGFSNPTUFSNJOBMFT WJTBO BOUF MPT QSFTFOUFT NJFOUSBT QBTB MB UBSEF 5BNCJO
ZFOTPCSFMMFWBS
MPNTEJHOBNFOUFQPTJCMF
MBTNVFSUFTWJP FTDSJCJFSPOVOBPCSBEFUFBUSP
DSUJDBBMBFTUSBUFHJBEFHVF
MFOUBTEFGBNJMJBSFTPQFSTPOBTRVFSJEBT
BIQPSQSJNFSBWF[TF SSBEFMHPCJFSOPGFEFSBM
RVFGVFBDUVBEBQPSWDUJNBTEFMB
JOTUBMBOMBTNFTJUBTEFUSBCBKPEFMBTUFSBQJTUBTEF4BCJD WJPMFODJB
206 207
3FDVQFSBOKVOUPTFMFTQBDJPQCMJDPZDBEBWF[DPONB HJUBOP
MPTHSJUPTEFOJPTSFDVQFSBOEPTVWJEB
MBTFTUSP
ZPSBTJEVJEBEMPSFDPOTUSVZFOTVZP6OUSBCBKPOBEBGDJM GBTEFVOSBQPIJQIPQEF.$$SJNFOHSJUBOEPiFONJ
FOVOBDJVEBEDPONJFEPDBTJEFDBEBKVBSFOTFTIB WFDJOEBSJPMBNVFSUFSPOEBBEJBSJPDIJDPTNBMPTKVFHBOB
EFKBEPEFTBMJSEFOPDIFQPSUFNPSBMBJOTFHVSJEBE$BTJMB CVSMBSBMDPNJTBSJPDVBOEPDJMBOPDIFZMPTQFSSPTMBESBO
NJUBEEFMBDJVEBEEFKBEFBTJTUJSBMDJOFZMBNJTNBQSPQPS TJOSFQSPDIFMPTOJPTZBOPQJFOTBOFOKVHVFUFTw
DJOZBOPTBMFBDFOBSBSFTUBVSBOUFT
BUPNBSMBDPQBDPOMPT +VOUPT
DPOHSFHBEPT
JOTVMUBEPT
EPMJEPT
DPNQBSUFO TVT
BNJHPT
QBSBEFCBJMBS
TFHOMPTEBUPTEFMB4FYUB&ODVFTUB FYQFSJFODJBTZUSBUBOEFMJCFSBSTFEFTVTGBSEPTiBVOBNVKFS
/BDJPOBMTPCSF*OTFHVSJEBE MBBTFTJOBSPOEFMBOUFEFTVTIJKPTQFRVFPTQBSBRVJUBSMFTV
4FBDBCBOMBTDBNJOBUBT
TFBDBCBFMFTUBEJP
MPTOPWJB[HPT DBNJPOFUBw0USBiQFSEJUPEPTVQBUSJNPOJP
MBBNFOB[B
FOFMQPSUBM
MBTCBODBTDPOBNBOUFT
FMCVMMJDJP&MQPS SPOZMBEFTQPKBSPOEFTVTCJFOFTQPSSFTJTUJSTFBQBHBSQSP
DJFOUPEFMBHFOUFTFTJFOUFJOTFHVSBFOMBDBMMF
FOMPTQBS UFDDJOw"iVOBCSJHBEJTUBEFMB[POBEF7JMMBTEF4BMWSDBS
RVFT
FOMBTDBSSFUFSBTTFBDBCBMBWJEBTPDJBM4MPIBZNJFEP MFTFDVFTUSBSPOBMQBQVOBWF[
MPSFUVWJFSPOVOUJFNQPZ
ZOJTJRVJFSBKVTUJDJBFMQPSDJFOUPEFMPTEFMJUPTRVFEBO MVFHP
USBTMJCFSBSMP
EPTNFTFTEFTQVTMPWPMWJFSPOBTFDVFT
JNQVOFT$PNQMFUBNFOUFJNQVOFT USBS
FTUBWF[QBSBRVJUBSMFMBWJEBw"VOSBQFSPRVFiIBDB
$PNPFYQMJDB7FSOJDB$PSDIBEP
VOBEFMBTDBCF[BTWJ NBMBCBSFTFOVODSVDFSPMFNFUJFSPOCBMB[PTwi6OBOJB
TJCMFTEFMDPMFDUJWPDVMUVSBMZBSUTUJDPRVFGPSNBQBSUFEFMBT BDUSJ[DBMMFKFSBWPMWJBTVDBTB
EFTQVTEFOPDIFT
DPO
KPSOBEBTEFM+BSEO$FOUSBMBRVJFOFTTBMJFSPOBTBOBSBMNBT
WFSUJEBFODBEWFSw
DPODVBMRVJFSBEFMPTNUPEPTQPTJCMFT
MPTNVFWFTVDFSUF[B :FTFVOJWFSTPEFTVGSJNJFOUP
EFBOHVTUJB
EFNVFSUF
EF
QBSUJDVMBS EFTBTPTJFHPDPNPGPSNBEFWJEB
FTFMWSUJDFEPOEFDPOWFS
4FQVFEFMMFHBSBTFSNTGVFSUFRVFFMEPMPS HFO UPEPT MPT BDUJWJTUBT %B MP NJTNP TJ UFSBQJTUBT PSBMFT
: FOUPODFT
FOUSF MPT NBMBCBSJTNPT EF MPT TBMUJNCBO BDUPSFT P EJCVKBOUFT $PO BQFOBT SFDVSTPT
DPO VO NVDIP
RVJT EF 1BDUP QPS MB $VMUVSB Z MPT TBMNPT EF TBOBDJO EFJOPQFSBODJBPQPSMPNFOPTJOEJGFSFODJBHVCFSOBNFOUBM
EF MBT CSJHBEJTUBT EF 4BCJD
TF QVFEF FTDVDIBS GDJMNFOUF FM TJOHBSBOUBTEFTFHVSJEBE
TJOFTQBDJPTEJTQPOJCMFTQBSBTV
TTTIIIJJVVVVBHVEP
JOUFSNJOBCMF
EFMPTCPUFTEFBFSPTPMRVF BDUVBS
FO NFEJP EF BNFOB[BT
EF DBSFODJBT RVF MFT IBDFO
NBOBOB[VMFT
SPKPTPWFSEFTIBDJBMBTQBSFEFT
PMBTSJNBT EFTBQBSFDFSPFNQFRVFFDFSBOUFMPTEFTBGPT
EF VOB DBODJO EF USPWB HBSBOUJ[BOEP iNBRVJMBEPSB TMP $BEB VOP FO TV USJODIFSB
FTUBNPT IBDJFOEP USBCB
SFDVFSEPTFSBMHOEBZMBDPTFDIBUVQSPQJPGSVUPTFS KP QSPGVOEP QBSB SFDPOTUSVJS
QBSB SFWJWJS EJDF 7FSOJDB
BMHOEBZBMBEFTBQBSFDJEBMFIBSOKVTUJDJBw
PBMHVOBEF $PSDIBEP
RVJFO NF IBCMB EF NVKFSFT BDUJWJTUBT RVF SFBMJ
MBTNVDIBTGSBTFTJONPSUBMJ[BEBTQPS4IBLFTQFBSFSFDJUBEB [BO TFHVJNJFOUP B OJPT IVSGBOPT
NT EF NJM TFHO
DPOFTBTDITJMCBEBTDPNPTI
MBTDPQMBTEFVOSPNBODFSP MBTFTUJNBDJPOFTFYUSBPDJBMFT)BCMBEFIPNCSFTRVFDSFBO
208 209
UBMMFSFTEFNTJDB
EFQJOUVSB
EFCBJMF
RVFBGBMUBEFQBSRVFT i7yw
PQMB[BT
TFSFGVHJBOFODBTBT
FOQBUJPT
EPOEFSFBMJ[BOEFT
EFDPTBTNVZFTQJSJUVBMFT
IBTUBDPTBTNVZQSDUJDBT"UJFO %FTEF FM PUSP MBEP EFM 3P #SBWP
EFTEF MBT BSUFSJBT TBOBT
EFOHFOUF
IBDFOTFTJPOFTEFNFEJUBDJO
EFPSBDJO
FWFOUPT TJOIFSSVNCSFTEFHVFSSB
RVFIBDFOVJSMBWJEBFO&M1BTP
FOFSHUJDPT QPS UPEB MB DJVEBE
iJ[RVJFSEPTPTw RVF MFT MMB MBEFWBTUBEB+VSF[FTVOBDPQJBFM
DPNQMFUBNFOUFFM
EF
NBO
RVFPSHBOJ[BODPODJMJPTEFSFFYJO
EFEJTDVTJO
EF VOPEFFTPTNVSBMFTRVFMPTBDUJWJTUBTEFMDPMFDUJWP"SUF
$P
QSPZFDUPT
QBSBTBCFSTFWJWPT NVOJEBE
&RVJEBE"$
QJOUBSPOFOMB1MB[BEFM1FSJPEJTUB
&MMBNJTNB
7FSOJDB
FODBCF[BCSJHBEBTRVFQPSMBTDB FONFEJPEFVODJFMPB[VMPTP
DPSUBEPQPSDFSSPTSJEPT
TJO
MMFTEF+VSF[WBOQJOUBOEPNVSBMFT
PGSFDFOBDFSDBNJFOUP WFSEPS
TVSHFVOBDJVEBERVFCSBEB
EFHFOUFTJOTPOSJTBT
EF
BMBTBSUFT
DFSDBOBDPOMBMFDUVSB
QBSBUSBUBSEFBSSBODBSB IPNCSFTZNVKFSFTDPOSPTUSPTEFTEJCVKBEPTFOUSB[PTSBCJP
MPTOJPT
BMPTNJMFTEFKWFOFTTJOPQDJPOFT
EFMBTGVDFT TPT
UPTDPT
BDIJDIBSSBEPTQPSVONBSUJSJP
DPNPTFEFTEJCVKB
EFMPTDSUFMFTEFMBESPHB MPRVFEVFMF
MPRVFQVO[B
ZRVFTJOFNCBSHPEFKBMBUJS
BVO
&TVOFTGVFS[PFOFMRVFFTUBNPTFNQFBEPT/PTF RVF QFRVFB
VOB FTQFSBO[B QMBTNBEB FO VOB QFRVFB PS
WF UPEBWB
QFSP WB B OPUBSTF NVZ QSPOUP {T (FOUF RVF BNBSJMMBDPOFMDPSB[OSPKP.VZSPKP
USBCBKBQBSBSFDPNQPOFSFMUFKJEPTPDJBMEFOVFTUSBDJVEBE &TPJOUFOUBNPTNPTUSBSRVFFTUBNPTWFODJFOEPFMNJF
#VTDBOMBTBOBDJOEFMBTBMNBTEFMPTWJWPTZFTPMPTMMF EP
SFDVQFSBOEPMBTDBMMFT
PSHBOJ[OEPOPT
QFSPTJOPMWJEBS
WBBDPOWFSHFS
BDSFBSQSPUPDPMPTEFiBUFODJOZDPOUFODJO MPTBHSBWJPTEJDF7FSOJDB$PSDIBEP
QBSBMBTWDUJNBT
DBTPTEFFNFSHFODJB
SJFTHPTw
BSFBMJ[BS &OUSF TVT DBMMFT EF DPNFSDJPT WBDPT
EF QMB[BT FOUFSBT
BQPZP DPNVOJUBSJP NT BNQMJP
NT PSHBOJ[BEP
FO DFO EFTPMBEBT DPNP EF QVFCMP GBOUBTNB
EF HFOUPT BVTFOUFT Z
USPTTPDJBMFT
FOQBSSPRVJBT
FOFTDVFMBT
FOQMB[BTQCMJDBT SBTUSPTEFHVFSSBUJ[OBOEPMBTQBSFEFT
FO+VSF[IBZVONP
DVTUPEJBEBTQPSNJMJUBSFT
FOQBUJPTEFDBTBTPGSFDJEBTQPS WJNJFOUPTJMFODJPTP
FNFSHFOUF
RVFCVTDBSFDVQFSBSMBWJEB
MPTNJTNPTDPMPOPT EFTQVTEFMBTBOHSF
EFMEFTJFSUPBSFOPTPEFMPTMBCJPT
EFM
4FDPOWJFSUFOKVOUPTFOVOFKSDJUPRVF
FODBTJDVBUSP USFQJEBSEFMBDBSOF
EFMQOJDPQVSPZMMBOP1FSPTJOPMWJEP
BPT
EBUSBUBNJFOUPBNTEFNJMQFSTPOBT
RVFFSJHF 4JPMWJEBNPTMPPDVSSJEP
FTUBSFNPTGBMMOEPOPTDPNP
NT EF NVSBMFT HSBOEFT P QFRVFPT
RVF IBDF OBDFS TPDJFEBE4JEFTQVTEFUPEBFTUBNVFSUFWPMWFNPTBMBDP
GFTUJWBMFTEFDBOUP
EFCBJMF2VFGPSKBDJVEBEBOBOVFWBZ SSVQDJO
BMBWJPMFODJB
IBCSFNPTQFSEJEPNTRVFFOFTUB
DPOTUJUVZFMPRVF%PSB
MBEJSFDUPSBEF4BCJD
TBCFOPNCSBS HVFSSBEJDF-FUJDJB$IBWBSSB
RVJFOGVFDPOWPDBEBBTV
DPOUBOUBQSFDJTJO NBSTF B MBT NFTBT EF USBCBKP RVF TDBMJ[BO MPT BWBODFT EFM
6OBWFSEBEFSBHVFSSJMMBEFTBOBDJO HPCJFSOPFONBUFSJBEFTFHVSJEBE1BSBSFDPOTUSVJSFMUFKJEP
TPDJBMUJFOFRVFIBDFSTFVOUSBCBKPNVZQSPGVOEP
NVZEFMJ
210 211
DBEP
RVFEFTBGPSUVOBEBNFOUFOVFTUSBTBVUPSJEBEFTBDUVBMFT %PTWFDFT
USFT$JODP"QSFUBSMPTNTDVMPTEFMDVFSQP
TPM
OPTPODBQBDFTEFIBDFSyOPTDPSSFTQPOEFIBDFSMPBOPTP UBSMPTKVOUPDPOFMBJSFRVFFYIBMB"QSFUBS
TPMUBS*OIBMBS
USPTZWBNPTBTBMJS FYIBMBS
3FDVFSEPVOBEFMBTIJTUPSJBTRVFNFDPOUBSPOMBTNVKFSFT 4JOTFSUPDBEB
EFCFTFOUJSMBWJCSBDJOFOFSHUJDB&MVKP
EF4BCJD
ZTRVFIBZNVDIPEFDJFSUPFOUPEPFTP EFTVDBMPSIBDJBFMDBMPSEFMBCSJHBEJTUB-BUFSBQJBSFJLJ-B
6OBNVKFS
RVJ[BPT
EFMHBEB
MBQJFMCMBODB
FMDB TFOTBDJOEFRVFMBNTJDB
VOTJMCJEPUFOVF
DPNPMFKBOP
CFMMPMBSHPZMBDJPDPNPVOBTFEBOFHSB
MPTPKPTPDVMUPTUSBT WBJNQSFHOBOEPEFTPTJFHPFMFTUNBHPDPOWVMTJPOBEP3F
VOPT MFOUFT JONFOTPT
PTDVSPT
TF BQFB EF VOB DBNJPOFUB WVFMUPEFNJFEP
EFMMBOUBTDPNPEFUSBDUPS&OMPTCSB[PT
FOMBTPSFKBT
FOFM /P QJFOTF FO OBEB 4JFOUB TV DVFSQP
TV FTQBMEB
TV
DVFMMP
PSP.VDIPPSP2VFCSJMMBDPNPFMEFTUFMMPEFVODV DBCF[B"RV"IPSB)BCMFDPOM%HBMFRVTJFOUF
DIJMMPMPTPDVBOEPTFFOGSFOUBEFQSPOUPBMSBZPEFMTPM $PNP TPO UFSBQJBT EF DBUBSTJT MB CSJHBEJTUB JOUFOUB RVF
)BDF VOB TFNBOB RVF OP QVFEP EPSNJSy QPS GBWPSy MBNVKFSTFDPOFDUFDPOTVEPMPS
DPOUPEPTVFTQBOUP1PSRVFMB
WFOHPBRVFNFBZVEFOEJDF UFOEFODJBEFMBHFOUFFTOPUPDBSFMEPMPS
OPSBTDBSTFEPOEFMFT
1BSBFMUFSSFSPEFMBDPMPOJB-QF[.BUFPT
QBSBMPTVTPT EVFMF&WBEJS1FSPMBTFNPDJPOFTTVFMFOBDVNVMBSTF&TUBMMBS
ZDPTUVNCSFTEFVOBDJVEBERVFBQSFOEJBCBMB[PTBJEFO :FOUPODFT
FTBNVKFSTJFOUFDNPBNJOPSBFMDIBTRVJEP
UJDBSBTVHFOUF
MBNVKFSFODBKBQFSGFDUPFOVOFTUFSFPUJQP EFMBNBOECVMB
FMTPOJEPEFMPTEJFOUFTBMSFDIJOBS2VJ
EFBMHVOBNBOFSB
MJHBEBBMOBSDP [ FM FTUSFNFDJNJFOUP RVF SFFSFO BMHVOBT
RVF DPNP VOB
$PNPFMQSPDFEJNJFOUPFTTJFNQSFFMNJTNPQBSBUPEPT HPUB IFMBEB SFTCBMB QPS MPT QPSPT EF MB FTQBMEB
EFM DVFMMP
RVJFOFTTFBDFSDBODPOMBTCSJHBEJTUBTEF4BCJD
VOBEFFMMBT 2VJ[FMQSFDJQJDJPRVFTFBCSFFOMBCPDBEFMFTUNBHP
B
TFHVSBNFOUFMFQSFHVOUBQPSTVTTOUPNBT QVOUP EFM WNJUP &TF SFTQJSBS FM NJFEP EF TV BESFOBMJOB
/PQVFEPEPSNJS&TUPZBOHVTUJBEB
DPNPTJTJOUJFSB FTFTPMUBSMPTCSB[PTBCBOEPOBEPTBMUFNCMPS&MEFTJFSUPBSF
RVFFODVBMRVJFSNPNFOUPNFWBOBNBUBS OPTPEFMPTMBCJPT&TUSFNFDJNJFOUP1OJDPQVSPZMMBOP&M
{5SBFBMHVOBQSFPDVQBDJOFTQFDJBM
BMHPRVFMBBOHVT FTQPTPNVFSUP
MBTBOHSF
TFHVSBNFOUFMBTCBMBTEFTUSP[O
UJFFOQBSUJDVMBS EPMFNFEJPDVFSQP
PFMDVFSQPDPNQMFUP&MEFSSVNCFEF
)BDFVOPTEBTNFNBUBSPOBNJFTQPTP TVIPHBSIFDIPDBDIJUPTJHVBMRVFFMDVFSQPEFTVIJKP
EFTV
/PIBZNTQSFHVOUBT3FDPTUBEBFOMBDBNJMMB
DVBOEPIBZ QBESF&MBVMMJEP
FMEPMPS&MNBMEJUPEPMPS&MGVUVSPTJOO
DBNJMMB
PTFOUBEBFOVOBTJMMB
VOCBODP
MBNVKFSEFCFEFT 4MPBMOBM
DVBOEPMBUFSBQFVUBMFQSFHVOUBTJFTUFODPO
QPKBSTFEFUPEPTTVTPCKFUPTNFUMJDPT
DFSSBSMPTPKPT%FCF EJDJPOFTEFBQPSUBSVOEPOBUJWP
MBNVKFSFOKPZBEBMFDPOUFTUB
SFBMJ[BSFKFSDJDJPTEFSFTQJSBDJO6OBJOIBMBDJOQSPGVOEB
/P/PUFOHPVOQFTP.BUBSPOBNJFTQPTPZZPNF
MFOUB-BSFUFODJOEFMBJSF-BFYIBMBDJOMFOUB
TJOQSJTBT RVFEFOMBDBMMF/PUFOHPUSBCBKP/PUFOHPQBSBEBSMFEF
212 213
DPNFSBNJTIJKPT5FOHPMBUSPDB
QFSPMBFTUPZWFOEJFOEP 1PSFTPMBTBOBDJOUFOBRVFDPNFO[BSQPSMBTPSFT
5FOHPFTUBDBEFOB
TJMBBDFQUBOy QJFOTPQSFDJTBNFOUFQPSMBTPSFT
SFQSFTFOUBEBTFOMBT
/P&TUCJFOEJDFMBCSJHBEJTUB HPUBTEFMBTNVKFSFTEF4BCJDPMPTNVSBMFTEFMPTDIBWPTEFM
&TRVFRVJFSPUSBFSBNJTIJKPTUBNCJO 1BDUP QPS MB $VMUVSB 1PS MPT WFSTPT EF MPT QPFUBT MPDBMFT P
5SJHBMPT/PTFQSFPDVQF:DVBOEPUFOHBPQPSUVOJ MBTDBODJPOFTRVFUBSBSFBOTVGVSJBPSFT#PUPOFTEFWJEBSF
EBE
SFHSFTFBDPOUJOVBSTVUFSBQJB OPWBEB2VFHSJUBORVFFTUBUJFSSBFTUWJWB
RVFFTUMJTUBQBSB
: FOUPODFT MMFHB FM iHSBDJBTw NT QSPGVOEP RVF QVFEBO TFSGSUJMOVFWBNFOUF
EFTQVTEFRVFIBTJEPBSSBTBEBQPSFM
FTDVDIBS$PNPVOBPSTFRVFFOMBTDPMPOJBTEFMBQFSJGF GVFHP
SJBEF+VSF[
FOFTPTDFOUSPTEFSJRVF[BFGNFSBRVFIBDSFBEP
FM DSJNFO
EPOEF MB WJPMFODJB FT MB QSJODJQBM BDUJWJEBE
OP
FTJOVTVBM&MEFMNVOEPSPUPQPSFMOBSDPUSDP
EPOEFMB
USPDBZMBTDBEFOBT
JODMVTPMBSPQB
TPOBQFOBTFMMUJNPTVT
UFOUPEFUPEBVOBGBNJMJB1PSRVFNVFSUPFMOBSDP
TFBDBC
MBMBOB
$PNPFTDSJCF7JLUPS'SBOLM
FMQTJDPUFSBQFVUBBVTUSBDP
TPCSFWJWJFOUF EFM )PMPDBVTUP FO MB 4FHVOEB (VFSSB .VO
EJBM FT VOB VSEJNCSF EF SFDVFSEPT OUJNPT
EF QFRVFPT
NPUJWPT JOUFSOPT
MP RVF BM OBM IBDF RVF VO TFS IVNBOP
EFTQPKBEPEFUPEP
IBTUBEFTVEJHOJEBE
MPHSFBDFQUBSRVFMB
WJEBFTEJHOBZQFMFQPSWJWJSMB
"MQFSEFSMPUPEP
BMQBEFDFSMPTFYUSFNPTEFMIBNCSF
FM
GSPZMBCSVUBMJEBERVFTMPVOTFSIVNBOPFTDBQB[EFJO
JHJSBPUSP
FTMBJOUFOTJDBDJOEFMPWFSEBEFSBNFOUFJN
QPSUBOUF FO MB WJEB
FT VO CSFWF BUJTCP EF BNPS
FM NPUPS
JOTVTUJUVJCMFRVFFNQVKBBTPCSFWJWJS
.FRVFEBDMBSPDVBOEPSFDPSSPMBDJVEBEQPSMUJNBWF[
DVBOEPDPOUFNQMPFTBTDBMMFTDBTJTJOWFSEPSFT
EFHSVFTP
TBMJUSF
EFMBOUFEFMPTFTDPNCSPTEFMB1MB[BEFMBT"NSJ
DBT
DVBOEPFTDVDIPEFOVFWPFMFTUBMMJEPEFMBTWJEBTSPUBT
MBTVQFSWJWFODJBFTQPTJCMFDPNPVOBPSFOFTUFEFTJFSUP
214 215
-
%BOJFMB3FB
Daniela Rea Gmez comenz sus actividades periodsticas en AIWJFOFO1PSMBWFSFEBEFUJFSSBMPTIPNCSFTTVCFOIBTUB
Veracruz, donde escribi sobre temas indgenas, migratorios y MB DJNB EFM QVFCMP 6OP USBT PUSP B QBTPT MFOUPT
BMHVOPT
sobre la vida cotidiana del puerto. En el ao 2003 recibi el BOEBO EFTDBM[PT TF EF CSB[PT GVFSUFT Z DBNJOBS IPMHBEP
Premio de Reflexin sobre Derechos Humanos, entregado por FT5SJOJEBE
RVJFOIBDFVOPTNFTFTJOUFOUTFDVFTUSBSBVO
la CNDH. En el 2005, lleg a la Ciudad de Mxico, y a par- UBYJTUB6OPTNFUSPTNTBMMBOEBFMKPWFO3BM
EFNJSBEB
tir de ese ao trabaj para el diario Reforma en la cobertura BMUBOFSB
BOPSHVMMPTPEFIBCFSNBUBEPBVONVDIBDIPFO
de pobreza, derechos humanos, conflictos sociales y el impacto VOBSJB5BNCJOTFBDFSDB+PT
DVMQBCMFEFBTFTJOBSBVOP
social de la violencia. Ha colaborado con las revistas Replicante, RVFJOUFOUWJPMBSBTVNVKFS
Etiqueta Negra y ReVista, The Harvard Review of Latin Ameri- &OMBDJNBEFMQVFCMP
CBKPVOSCPMRVFFYUJFOEFHFOFSP
ca, as como con los portales Cosecha Roja y Anfibia. Sus textos TPTVTSBNBT
BHVBSEBOPUSPTIPNCSFTBSNBEPTDPOFTDPQFUB
aparecen en las antologas 1BTEF.VFSUPT (Debate), /VFTUSB PSJFBMIPNCSP4FNJSBOZTFTBMVEBODPODBNBSBEFSB
"QBSFOUF3FOEJDJO (Debate) y NJHSBOUFT (Almada). For- NJYUFDPT
UMBQBOFDPT
OBIVBT
NFTUJ[PT
ma parte de los Nuevos Cronistas de Indias, de la Fundacin i{$NPMFWB w
TFQSFHVOUBO
DIPDBOMBTNBOPT
TFQBM
de Nuevo Periodismo Iberoamericano. Es integrante fundado- NFBOMBFTQBMEBDPNPTJSFDJOUFSNJOBSBOVOBDBTDBSJUBEF
ra de la Red de Periodistas de a Pie. Adems, es co-coordinadora GVUCPM
QFSPMPRVFPDVSSFBRVFTFMFODVFOUSPFOUSFEFMJO
de este libro y de los videos que acompaan el proyecto. DVFOUFTZTVTWJHJMBOUFT
MPTQPMJDBTDPNVOJUBSJPT
219
$BOTBEPTEFMTJMFODJPZMBDPNQMJDJEBEEFMHPCJFSOPDPO EF (VFSSFSP
EFTDBOTB BQBDJCMF
EF QBO[B BM TPM -B HFOUF
MPTDSJNJOBMFT
MPTJOEHFOBTEFMB.POUBBEF(VFSSFSPTF TF SFGVHJB CBKP MPT UFKBEPT NJFOUSBT VOB DBSDBDIB DJSDVMB
PSHBOJ[BSPOEFTEFIBDFDBTJBPTQBSBWJHJMBSTVUFSSJUPSJP QPSMBTDBMMFTEFUJFSSBBOVODJBOEPQPSBMUBWP[MBTQSPNFTBT
&TDPHJFSPOFOUSFTVTWFDJOPTBMPTNTDBQBDFTZSFTQFUBEPT
QPMUJDBTUBOEFTHBTUBEBTDPNPFMTJTUFNBEFKVTUJDJBBMRVF
MPTBSNBSPODPOFTDPQFUBTZNBDIFUFT
ZGPSNBSPOTVQSPQJB EJFSPOMBFTQBMEB-PTJOEHFOBTEJKFSPOOPBMBGCSJDBEF
HVBSEJB%FNBOFSBQBSBMFMBDSFBSPOVOTJTUFNBEFKVTUJDJB DVMQBCMFT
BMBDPNQSBEFKVFDFT
BMBUPSUVSBDPNPUDOJDB
RVFEFTEFFOUPODFTJOUFOUBDBMNBSMBJOTFHVSJEBEZMBWJP EFJOWFTUJHBDJO
BMBDSJNJOBMJ[BDJOEFWDUJNBTQBSBJOUJ
MFODJBFOMBT[POBTNTQPCSFTEFMFTUBEP
BMTVSFTUFEFMQBT
NJEBSMBT Z PCMJHBSMBT B EFTJTUJS FO TV SFDMBNP
B MB DPSSVQ
FTFDJOUVSONBSDBEPIJTUSJDBNFOUFQPSMBNJTFSJB4POMPT DJO
BMBKVTUJDJBRVFUJFOFQSFDJP$PNPPDVSSFFOFMQBT
QPMJDBTDPNVOJUBSJPT FOUFSP
EPOEF FM QPS DJFOUP EF MPT DSNFOFT RVFEBO TJO
i4FDPOGBFOMBQPMJDBQPSRVFFTWFDJOPEFMQVFCMPZTF DBTUJHPZMPTBHSBWJBEPTTJOWFSEBE
DPOPDFCJFOw
EJDFPSHVMMPTPEPO'VMHFODJP$BTUSP
VOWJFKP 5SJOJEBE
VO KPWFO EF BPT WFTUJEP DPO NF[DMJMMB Z
JOEHFOBUMBQBOFDPRVFBQFOBTIBCMBFTQBPM
EFEJFOUFTEFT IVBSBDIFT
MMFHDPOFMSFTUPEFMPTEFUFOJEPTMVFHPEFQBTFBS
QPTUJMMBEPT
FYIJCJEPTTJOQVEPSFOVOBTPOSJTBi/POFDFTJUB VOSBUPQPSFMSPDPNPDBEBEPNJOHP
TVEBEFEFTDBOTP
DFSUJDBDJODPNPHPCJFSOPRVFQBHBNJMMPOFTZNJMMPOFTZ -MFWB USFT NFTFT EF DPNVOJEBE FO DPNVOJEBE BSSFHMBOEP
OPIBZDPOBO[B"RVT
FMEFUFOJEPTBCFRVFQPMJDBOPFT DBSSFUFSBT
FTDVFMBTPMPRVFFTUGFP4VDBTUJHPFTTBOBSDPO
CPSSBDIP
OPQFMFB
DVJEBBMQVFCMP
QVFTw TVUSBCBKPFMEBPIFDIPBMUBYJTUBRVFJOUFOUTFDVFTUSBSZBM
$FSDBEFM
TPCSFMBTQJFESBTPSFDBSHBEPTFOFMSCPM
TF QVFCMPWVMOFSBEPQPSFTFDSJNFO
BDPNPEBOMPTIPNCSFTSFDJOMMFHBEPTEFMSP
EPOEFUPNB %JDFRVFQSFFSFFTUFTJTUFNBBMPDJBM
QPSRVFFMEJOFSP
SPOVOCBP OPDPNQSBMBKVTUJDJBZBRVOPFTUFODFSSBEPUPEPFMEB
%PO'VMHFODJPFTVODBNQFTJOPBOBMGBCFUB
DPNPDBTJUP $VBOEPMPEFUVWJFSPOOPQFOTBCBBT&TUBCBFOGVSFDJEP4F
EPTMPTNBZPSFTEFMQVFCMP
RVFVOBWF[BMBTFNBOBBDVEF OFHBCBBFTDVDIBSFMDPOTFKPEFMDBNQFTJOP'VMHFODJPPEF
DPOMPTQSFTPTZMFTMMFWBFMDPOTFKPQBSBOPIBDFSNBM&TUBT NVKFSFTDBUMJDBTPFWBOHMJDBTRVFBDVEBOBMFFSMFMBCJCMJB
DIBSMBT TPO DPOPDJEBT DPNP SFFEVDBDJO EF MPT DSJNJOBMFT -VFHPBDFQUJSOPNTQBSBOPBCVSSJSTFZEFUBOUPFTDVDIBS
i/PWVFMWBOBDPNFUFSFSSPSMFTEJDF
QPSRVFEBBOB MPTFOUFOEJRVFIBCBIFDIPNBM
MBTPDJFEBERVFRVJFSFWJWJSUSBORVJMB
TJBTBMUBO
TJNBUBOOP i$VBOEPFNQFDFTFQMFJUPZEFUFODJOTFOUBDPSBKF
QFSP
DPOWJFOFQPSRVFTVGSFMBHFOUF
TVGBNJMJBZVTUFEFTUBNCJOw DVBOEPQBTUJFNQPTFOUBSSFQFOUJNJFOUP&TUPZBHBSSBOEP
&TU TFOUBEP B MB TPNCSB EFM HSBO SCPM +VOUP B M
MPT TFOUJEPRVFIJDFNBM
QFSPIBZRVFSFDPOPDFSZTFSHSBOQFS
QPMJDBTDPNVOJUBSJPTZMPTEFUFOJEPT&TEPNJOHPBMNFEJP TPOBQBSBCJFOEFOPTPUSPT
EFNJGBNJMJBw
QMBUJDBUNJEP
EBZ$BQVMO$IPDPMBUF
FTUBDPNVOJEBEEFMB$PTUB$IJDB DPOMBNJSBEBCBKBZMBTNBOPTIFDIBTOVEP
220 221
3BM
VOKPWFOEFBPT
OPQJFOTBDPNPM&TUEF ***
UFOJEPQPSRVFNBUBVOIPNCSFFOVOBSJB&TFMTFHVOEP )BDF BPT DVBOEP FM &KSDJUP ;BQBUJTUB EF -JCFSBDJO
FOTVIBCFS"MQSJNFSPMPBTFTJOBMPTBPTZGVFKV[ /BDJPOBMWJTJCJMJ[BMPTQVFCMPTJOEHFOBTZOPTQMBOUEF
HBEPFOFMTJTUFNBPDJBM4FBDFSDBFJOUFSWJFOFFOMBQMUJDB GSFOUFTVEJHOJEBE
PUSPFKSDJUPEFSFCFMEBTFHFTUBCBFO
i"MMTJQBHBTBMBGBNJMJB
FTUTMJCSF&TNTKVTUP
QPSRVFSF TJMFODJP
HSFTBTBDVJEBSBUVGBNJMJBRVFOPTFRVFEBTPMB
FMEJOFSPBZVEB &O MB $PTUB $IJDB EF (VFSSFSP
BM TVSFTUF EFM QBT
MPT
QVFTw
EJDF&OSFBMJEBE
MJCSMBQSJTJOUSBTDPSSPNQFSBMKVF[ UFSSJUPSJPT FTUBCBO NJOBEPT QPS FM PMWJEP
MB QPCSF[B Z MB
%PO'VMHFODJPQSFTVNFDPOPSHVMMPRVFTBFTMBQSJNFSB WJPMFODJB DSJNJOBM
RVF BDUVBCB DPO MB WFOJB EFM &TUBEP
EJGFSFODJB FOUSF MB KVTUJDJB DPNVOJUBSJB Z MB PDJBM -B QSJ "RVFMMPT BPT IPNCSFT BSNBEPT TPMBO EFUFOFS MBT USPDBT
NFSB BTQJSB B TFS EF UPEPT 1PS FTP FO FTUF TJTUFNB OP IBZ EFQBTBKFSPTFOMPTDBNJOPTZSPCBSBMPTJOEHFOBTMPTQP
EJOFSPOJBCPHBEPT
RVJFOEFFOEFBMEFUFOJEPFTTVGBNJMJB
DPTQFTPTPCUFOJEPTEFMBWFOUBEFDBGPNB[PFMBQPZP
WFDJOPTPUFTUJHPTRVFQVFEFOBMFHBSBTVGBWPS&OFMDBTPEF EFM HPCJFSOP FO PDBTJPOFT
NJFOUSBT BTBMUBCBO
WJPMBCBO B
5SJOJEBEGVFTVQBESFRVJFOMPSFQSFTFOU MBT NVKFSFT GSFOUF B TVT QBESFT P NBSJEPT "CVOEBCBO MPT
1BSBMB1PMJDB$PNVOJUBSJB
DPOCBTFFOTVTDSFFODJBTBO SPCPTEFWBDBTPEFDPTFDIBTFOUFSBT
MBTEFVEBTFOUSFWFDJOPT
DFTUSBMFT
TJVOBQFSTPOBIBDFEBPBPUSBFTQPSRVFMBFEV UFSNJOBCBOFOSJBTPBTFTJOBUPTFSBDPNOWFSBNVKFSFT
DBDJOFOFMIPHBSGBMMZMBDPNVOJEBEFOUFSBEFCFTBMJSBM HPMQFBEBTQPSMPTFTQPTPTBMDPIPMJ[BEPT
QBTPQBSBRVFOPWVFMWBBIBDFSNBM"T
DBEBIBCJUBOUFUJFOF $VBOEPMPTJOEHFOBTEF(VFSSFSPTVQJFSPOEFMMFWBOUB
UBSFBQPSIBDFS&OTVFTUSVDUVSBMPTQPMJDBTWJHJMBOFMDBNJOP NJFOUPFO$IJBQBTFTDSJCJFSPOBTVTIFSNBOPT[BQBUJTUBTVOB
ZEFUJFOFOBMPTEFMJODVFOUFT
PUSPTIBCJUBOUFTBDUBODPNP DBSUB RVF
TFHO $JSJOP 1MDJEP
TV SFEBDUPS
EFDB NT P
KVFDFTZEJDUBOFMUJFNQPEFDBTUJHPRVFQBTBSOEFQVFCMPFO NFOPTBTi4VEFNBOEBFTOVFTUSB
EFTQVTEFMVDIBSQPS
QVFCMP IBDJFOEP GBFOBT -PT NBZPSFT
DPNP 'VMHFODJP
TPO KVTUJDJBZOPMMFHB
OPWBNPTBFOMPRVFDFSZUJSBSBMNBS&M
MPT SFTQPOTBCMFT EF MB SFFEVDBDJO Z MBT NVKFSFT QSFQBSBO MB BSNBNTJNQPSUBOUFFTMBDPODJFODJBZMBPSHBOJ[BDJOw
DPNJEBQBSBBMJNFOUBSMPTBTVQBTPQPSFMQVFCMP.JFOUSBT -BSFTJTUFODJBDPSSBQPSTVTWFOBTZQPSMBTWFSFEBT&O
FOFMTJTUFNBUSBEJDJPOBMBBMHVJFORVFSPCVOQFTDBEPMFEBO FTUBTUJFSSBTOBDJZGVFTFQVMUBEPFMHVFSSJMMFSP(FOBSP7[
VOBPEFDSDFM
FOFTUFTJTUFNBMBDPOEFOBFTTBOBSDPOTV RVF[
RVJFOFOMBEDBEBEFMPTFODBCF[VOBMVDIBQPM
USBCBKPMBTIFSJEBTDPMFDUJWBT UJDBZBSNBEBDPOUSBMPTHPCJFSOPTDBDJRVJMFTEFMFTUBEP$PO
i4
MBKVTUJDJBFTDPNPVOBSFERVFTFUFKFFOUSFUPEPTw
FTB IFSFODJB EF SFCFMEB
MPT QVFCMPT TF PSHBOJ[BCBO QBSB
FYQMJDBSMVFHP$JSJOP1MDJEP
VOPEFMPTGVOEBEPSFTEFMB QSPUFTUBSQPSFMSPCPEFFMFDDJPOFT
MBGBMUBEFNBFTUSPT
PMB
$PNVOJUBSJB FTUBGBEFMPTBQPZPTTPDJBMFTRVFUFSNJOBCBOFOMBTBMGPSKBT
4JIBZVOPRVFOPUFKF
GBMUBQFEB[P0TJUFKFNBM
TFSPNQF EFMPTDBDJRVFT
222 223
&OKVOJPEFFMHPCJFSOPRVJTPEBSVOBMFDDJOBMPT i:B WFOBNPT EJTDVUJFOEP RV IBDFS
DNP FODPOUSBS
SFCFMEFT 1PMJDBT FTUBUBMFT FNCPTDBSPO Z NBTBDSBSPO B SFTQVFTUBT:BUFOBNPTJEFBEFMPDPMFDUJWPBVORVFOPFO
DBNQFTJOPTRVFTFEJSJHBOBVOBBTBNCMFBQPMUJDBFO"HVBT UFOEBNPT FTP EF MB BVUPOPNB 1FSP FOUFOEBNPT RVF FSB
#MBODBT4VTDVFSQPTRVFEBSPOBCBUJEPTFOMBUJFSSB
KVOUP OFDFTBSJP PSHBOJ[BSTF
EJTDVUJS RV IBDFS /PT BSSJNBNPT
BMBDBNJPOFUBEFSFEJMBTEPOEFWJBKBCBO-BTBOHSFDPSSJ WBSJBTWFDFTBMHPCJFSOPZWJNPTRVFOPEBTPMVDJO:QFOTB
FOMB$PTUB(SBOEFEF(VFSSFSP
QFSPEPMJFODBEBSJODO NPTDNPSFDVQFSBSOVFTUSPEFSFDIPDPMFDUJWP&MAOPTPUSPT
EFMFTUBEP FTUBCBQJTPUFBEPDPOMBJEFBEFMAZPRVFOPTNFUJFMHPCJFS
i"QSFOEJNPT RVF FM HPCJFSOP OP KVFHB /PT EFK DMBSP OPw%PO$JSJOPEBDUFESB"VORVFBIPSBOPUJFOFDBSHPFO
RVFOPQVFEFIBCFSDPOBO[BQPSRVFOVODBWBBSFTQPOEFS MB$PNVOJUBSJBZQFTFBTVKVWFOUVESPOEBMPTDJODVFOUB
MBTEFNBOEBTEFMBHFOUFEFBCBKP&OMBSFBMJEBEQFSTJHVF
BPT FT VOB FTQFDJF EF BCVFMP TBCJP BM RVF SFDVSSFO TVT
NBUBw
FYQMJDBEPO$JSJOP DPNQBFSPTDVBOEPQJFSEFOMBCSKVMB
$JSJOP1MDJEPFTVOIPNCSFEFNJSBEBDIJTQFBOUF
DPNP &TFPDUVCSF
BMQPCMBEPEF4BOUB$SV[EFM3JODO
MMFHB
TVTJEFBT$VBOEPBQFOBTFSBVOBEPMFTDFOUFTBMJEFMBNPOUB SPOSFQSFTFOUBOUFTEFDPNVOJEBEFTDPOMBTJEFBTZBUSBCB
BEF(VFSSFSPZMMFHBMB$JVEBEEF.YJDPWJEPEFBQSFO KBEBT
JOTUBMBSPOVOBBTBNCMFBHFOFSBMZGVOEBSPOMB1PMJDB
EFS$PNPJOEHFOBTMPFODPOUSPQPSUVOJEBEEFTPCSFWJWJS $PNVOJUBSJB
USBCBKBOEPQBSBVOBGBNJMJBRVFMFNBMQBHBCBDPOVODVBSUPZ &OBRVFMFOUPODFT
SFDVFSEBEPO$JSJOP
FSBOVOHSVQPEF
EPTDPNJEBTBMEB)BNCSJFOUP
TFFTDBCVMMBQPSMBTNBESV DBNQFTJOPTDPOTVTIFSSBNJFOUBTEFUSBCBKP
NBDIFUFDBTJUP
HBEBTBMBDPDJOB
SFNPKBCBMBTUPSUJMMBTEVSBTZMBTUSBHBCBB EPT
WJHJMBOEPFMUFSSJUPSJP1BSBIBDFSTFEFBSNBT
NVOJDJPOFT
FTDPOEJEBT
TJOIBDFSSVJEPi4JFSFTQPCSFZFSFTJOEJPIBTUB ZVOJGPSNFTDBEBQVFCMPTFMBTJOHFOJ"MHVOBTWFOEJFSPOFM
DVBMRVJFSQFSSPUFIVNJMMBw
BQSFOEJBRVFMMPTBPT6OFN TPMBSPMBQBSDFMB
PUSBTSFNBUBSPOMPTQVFSDPTRVFTJOEVFP
QMFPEFBZVEBOUFEFQBOBEFSPMPTBDEFFTBFTDMBWJUVE
MVFHP BOEBCBOQPSMPTDPSSBMFTDPNJFOEPMBDPTFDIB"QSFOEJFSPO
GVFBMCBJM
PCSFSPZVOEBMMFHBTFSQPMJDBNVOJDJQBMFOFM BVTBSMBT&TPOPGVFQSPCMFNBM
DPOMBFYQFSJFODJBEFQP
&TUBEPEF.YJDP/PMPTBCBFOUPODFT
QFSPFTFUSBCBKPMF MJDB
MFTEJPMBTQSJNFSBTMFDDJPOFT
TFSWJSBBPTEFTQVTQBSBEBSWJEBBMB$PNVOJUBSJB i-PEJGDJMGVFSPNQFSMBTVNJTJO/PTIJDJFSPODSFFS
&O
BQFOBT VOPT NFTFT EFTQVT EF MB NBTBDSF EF BPTRVFMPRVFWJFOFEFBSSJCBFTUCVFOPSBNPTJOEJPT
"HVBT#MBODBT
MBDSJTJTEFJOTFHVSJEBEDPMNBMPTQVFCMPT DBNQFTJOPTZDPTUBCBDSFFSRVFQPEBNPTBHBSSBSBMQPEFSP
DVBOEPVOBOJBEFBPTGVFWJPMBEBZBTFTJOBEB&OUPO TP
HFOUFJNQPSUBOUF
QFTBEBZMMFWBSMBBSFOEJSDVFOUBTw
TVFMUB
DFT
EPO$JSJOPZPUSPTDPNQBFSPTEFPSHBOJ[BDJPOFTDBN BOTPSQSFOEJEPQPSMBMFDDJORVFEJFSPOFOUPODFT
QFTJOBT
NBHJTUFSJBMFTFJOEHFOBT
DPNFO[BSPOBQFOTBSFO -PTEPTQSJNFSPTBPTMB$PNVOJUBSJBTMPWJHJMFMUFSSJ
PQDJPOFTQBSBDBMNBSMBJOTFHVSJEBE UPSJPZMMFWBOUFMBKVTUJDJBPDJBMBMPTEFUFOJEPT1FSPMVFHP
224 225
TUPTQBHBCBOBMHPCJFSOPDPSSVQUPZTBMBOIBNCSJFOUPTEF DJEJPT Z WJPMBDJPOFT FO FM UFSSJUPSJP
Z EF DPNVOJEBEFT
WFOHBO[B"T
SFTPMWJFSPODSFBSTVQSPQJPTJTUFNBEFKVTUJDJB FYUFOEJFSPOTVTEPNJOJPTBFONVOJDJQJPT
DPO
4FDSFMB$PPSEJOBEPSB3FHJPOBMEF"VUPSJEBEFT$PNVOJ QPMJDBTZNJMDJVEBEBOPTCFOFDJBEPT&MDPTUPIBCB
UBSJBT
EJWJEJEBBTVWF[FOUSFTSFHJPOFT$BEBVOBUJFOFB TJEPBMUP"EFNTEFMBTBDVTBDJPOFTEFTFDVFTUSPEPTQPMJDBT
USFTDPPSEJOBEPSFTRVFGVOHFODPNPKVFDFT
ZMPTDPOTFKFSPT
GVFSPOBTFTJOBEPTFOWFOHBO[B
EFTQVTEFEFKBSTVDBSHP
RVJFOFTEBOSFFEVDBDJO -B QFSFHSJOBDJO EF MPT JOEHFOBT BWBO[B B QBTP MFOUP
4JFMBQPZPBM&;-/MPTQVTPFOFMNBQBEFGPDPTSPKPT %FTEFFMBMUBWP[TFFTDVDIBTVSFDMBNPiBMHPCJFSOPEVFMF
EFMHPCJFSOP
MBDSFBDJOEFMB1PMJDB$PNVOJUBSJBMPTDPMPD RVF DBNQFTJOPT BOBMGBCFUBT IBHBO JNQBSUJDJO EF KVTUJDJB
FOMBNJSB&MHPCJFSOPOPTFBSSJFTHBSBBRVFPUSPTSFCFMEFT
DVBOEPIBZHFOUFRVFFTUVEJEFSFDIPZRVFIBDFNVZNBM
DPNPMPIJDJFSPOUSFJOUBBPTBUSTMPTHVFSSJMMFSPTDPNBOEB MBTDPTBT&TVOBWFSHFO[BQBSBM
TFEFTNPSPOBTVQPEFSZ
EPTQPS(FOBSP7[RVF[
QVTJFSBOFOKBRVFTVBVUPSJEBE: OPRVJFSFFTPw
DPNFO[BNBRVJOBSFTUSBUFHJBTQBSBEFTBDUJWBSMPT 4FEJSJHFOIBDJBMBTPDJOBTEFM.JOJTUFSJP1CMJDPEF4BO
-VJT"DBUMO
EPOEFFTUOQSFTPTMPTDPNBOEBOUFT#PSEFB
*** SPO DFSSPT
BIPSB DSV[BO DBMMFT -PT WFDJOPT EF MB QFRVFB
"MHVOPTWJFOFOBDBCBMMP
PUSPTTFBNPOUPOBOFODBNJPOFUBT DJVEBE
DPOUBOUPTIBCJUBOUFTDPNPMPTJOEHFOBTRVFWJFOFO
EFSFEJMB$BTJUPEPTBOEBOBQJF%FTDBM[PT
DPOIVBSBDIFT
NBSDIBOEP
MPTNJSBODVSJPTPT
NTCJFOBTPNCSBEPT{%F
DPOTVTCPUBTDPOTVNJEBT)PNCSFT
NVKFSFT
BMHVOPTBO EOEFTBMJFSPOUBOUPTZRVWJFOFOBCVTDBS -PTJOEHFOBT
DJBOPT$POMPTIJKPTFOVOCSB[PZMPTNPSSBMFTEFDPNJEB SPEFBOMBTPDJOBTNJOJTUFSJBMFT
FOUSBOQPSTVTDPNQBFSPT
FOPUSP"MHVOPTMMFWBOIBTUBDJODPIPSBTCBKPFMTPM
TFEJFO ZMBQPMJDBKVEJDJBMSFTQPOEFDPSUBOEPDBSUVDIP
UPT%FTEFMFKPT
MBMBEFQFSFHSJOPTEFMJOFBMPTDFSSPT7BO i%JHBODVMFTFMEFMJUPEFOVFTUSPTDPNQBFSPTw
SFDMBNBO
SVNCPB4BO-VJT"DBUMO
MBDBCFDFSBNVOJDJQBMNTJN B HSJUPT B MBT BVUPSJEBEFT 1SPUFHJEPT QPS T NJTNPT
EFTBS
QPSUBOUFFOMBSFHJO-BQFSFHSJOBDJOEFJOEHFOBTMMFHBB NBOBMPTKVEJDJBMFT%FVONPNFOUPBPUSP
MPTNJMJUBSFTZ
VOPTNJMQBSUJDJQBOUFT QPMJDBTEFMHPCJFSOPMPTDFSDBOZMFTMBO[BOVOVMUJNUVN
$PSSFFMBP$JODPDPNJTBSJPTDPNVOJUBSJPTFTUOFODBS i`UJFOFOEBTQBSBFOUSFHBSMBTBSNBT%FMPDPOUSBSJPWBB
DFMBEPT
BDVTBEPTEFTFDVFTUSPQPSFMHPCJFSOPEF3FO+VSF[$JT FOUSBSFM&KSDJUP
QPSRVFTPOJMFHBMFTw
OFSPT/PFTMBQSJNFSBWF[RVFPDVSSF
FOTVIJTUPSJBNTEFVOB &MMPT
RVFMMFWBOUPEPFMEBFOSFTHVBSEPEFTVTDPNQBF
WFJOUFOBIBOTJEPEFUFOJEPT
VOPEFFMMPTBODVNQMFVOBDPOEFOB SPT
SFDIB[BOMBQSPQVFTUBZBOVODJBOSFTJTUFODJBFOBEFMBO
EFBPT-BQSJTJODPNPFTUSBUFHJBQBSBEFTBSUJDVMBSMPT UFOBEJFWFOEFSBHVBZUPSUJMMBBM&KSDJUP
RVFBMPTUSFTEBT
-BPSHBOJ[BDJOIJ[PFMUSBCBKPEFMHPCJFSOP1BSBFOUPO TFWFSPCMJHBEPBTBMJSEFMB[POBQBSBFWJUBSDPOJDUPTQPM
DFTIBCBOSFEVDJEPFOVOQPSDJFOUPMPTBTBMUPT
IPNJ UJDPT"USBQBEPFOTVQSPQJBBNFOB[B
FMHPCJFSOPMFTPGSFDF
226 227
MJCFSBSBMPTQPMJDBT
DFSUJDBSMPTDPNPQBSUFEFM&TUBEPZEF NBFOWJBOEPBMPTDPOTVNJEPSFTBMBSFFEVDBDJOPSFWJTBOEP
QBTPFOTFBSMFTBMFFS MBTNPDIJMBTBOUFTEFFOUSBSBMBFTDVFMB/PTFFODPOUSBSPO
i"UBRVFOMBTDBVTBT
OPBMB$PNVOJUBSJBw
MFTEJDFEPO$J TPMVDJPOFT $BEB QSPQVFTUB FTDBMB B VO NBZPS QSPCMFNB Z
SJOP FO BMHVOB EF MBT NFTBT QBSB FYJHJS MB MJCFSBDJO EF MPT MBTDBVTBTEFGPOEP
FTBNJTFSJBIJTUSJDB
DPOUJOBIBDJFOEP
DPNQBFSPT
iMB$PNVOJUBSJBWBBEFTBQBSFDFSDVBOEPOPIBZB NFUTUBTJT
TFDVFTUSP
WJPMBDJO
BTBMUP
NVFSUP
RVFOPIBZBQPCSF[Bw 1BSBEPO$JSJOPTFUSBUBEFVOBOVFWBGPSNBEFSFQSFTJO
EFMHPCJFSOP4JBOUFTMPTBDVTEFHVFSSJMMFSPT
BIPSBEFOBSDPT
*** i&M&TUBEPIBCVTDBEPDJFOUPTEFGPSNBTEFSFQSFTJO
OPT
6OBNVSBMMBEFDPTUBMFTSFMMFOPTEFUJFSSB
EFTUSJQBEPTQPSFM IBBDVTBEPEFHVFSSJMMB
BIPSBEFOBSDPUSDPZDPNPOPIBDF
QBTPEFMUJFNQP
BOVODJBMBMMFHBEBBMQVFCMPEF+PMPDIJUMO OBEBQBSBEFUFOFSWJPMFODJB
ZBMMFHBMBTDPNVOJEBEFT5F
-PTIBCJUBOUFTMBDPOTUSVZFSPOQBSBQSPUFHFSTFEFMPTFYUPS OFNPTWJPMFODJBEFMOBSDPZWJPMFODJBEFMHPCJFSOPRVFOPT
TJPOBEPSFTRVF
QPSBIEFM
DPNFO[BSPOBMMFHBSBMB EJDFOBSDPTw
.POUBBBFYJHJSEJOFSPBNBFTUSPT
HBOBEFSPTZDBGFUBMFSPT &M QVOUP EF RVJFCSF PDVSSJ FO PDUVCSF EFM DVBO
BDBNCJPEFSFTQFUBSMFTMBWJEB'VFMBQSJNFSBBMFSUBEFMB EPDJODPIPNCSFTGVFSPOEFUFOJEPTFOEPTDBNJPOFUBTQPS
JODVSTJOEFMDSJNFOPSHBOJ[BEPFOMBTUJFSSBTEFMB1PMJDB USBOTQPSUBSDBTJLJMPTEFNBSJIVBOBFOFMUFSSJUPSJPCBKP
$PNVOJUBSJB TV SFTHVBSEP &SB MB QSJNFSB WF[ RVF TF FOGSFOUBCBO B VO
&OMB.POUBBEF(VFSSFSPIBFYJTUJEPVOBSFMBDJOIJT DBTP TJNJMBS /P TBCBO TJ FOUSFHBSMPT BM HPCJFSOP P KV[
USJDBDPOFMDSJNFOPSHBOJ[BEP&MFTUBEPDPONBZPSOJWFM HBSMPTCBKPTVTSFHMBT
DPNPMPIBDBOEFTEFBPTBUST
EFQPCSF[BEFMQBT
FODBCF[BUBNCJOMBMJTUBEFQSPEVD DPOMPTEFMJODVFOUFTDPNVOFT4FDPOWPDBVOBBTBNCMFB
DJOEFBNBQPMBKVOUPDPO$IJIVBIVBZ4JOBMPB"MNFOPT HFOFSBM
MMFHBSPOIBCJUBOUFT
DPPSEJOBEPSFT
DPOTFKFSPT
EFTEFFMMUJNPNFEJPTJHMP
MPTJOEHFOBTTJFNCSBOFOFSWBO BODJBOPT
IBTUB FM TFDSFUBSJP EF 4FHVSJEBE 1CMJDB FTUBUBM
UFTFOUSFTVTNJMQBT
DPOEFOBEPTBVOBEJONJDBEFFTDMBWJ "OUFFMMPT
MPTEFUFOJEPT
EFTDBM[PTZBNBSSBEPTEFNBOPTP
UVEDPOMPTOBSDPT5PEPTMPTBCFO
QFSPTFUPMFSBQPSRVFTF QJFT
DPOFMDBSHBNFOUPFYQVFTUP
SFDPOPDFDPNPMBOJDBPQDJOEFMPTQVFCMPTQBSBTPCSFWJWJS -BQSJNFSBFOIBCMBSGVFMBTFPSB)FSOOEF[
NBESFEF
"TGVFEVSBOUFNVDIPTBPT-BSFMBDJOTFNBOUFOBFO EPTKWFOFTBDVTBEPTi&TUPZBRVQPSRVFRVJFSPMMFHBS
QVFT
MPTMNJUFTEFMBTJFNCSB1FSPMB.POUBBQBTEFTFSUFSSJUP B VO BDVFSEP DPO VTUFEFT DPNP NYJNB BVUPSJEBE 1VFT
SJP EF QSPEVDDJO B [POB EF DPOTVNP TB GVF MB TFHVOEB DPNPWFO
NJTIJKPTDPNFUJFSPOFTUPTFSSPSFT&TUPZSFDPOP
BMFSUBQBSBMPTDPNVOJUBSJPT&OQPCMBEPTWJHJMBEPTQPSFMMPT
DJFOEPFMFSSPS
QFSPVTUFEFTNFQVFEFOBZVEBSQPSRVFZPMP
DPNP#VFOBWJTUB
DPNFO[BSPOBWFSKWFOFTGVNBOEPNBSJ RVFRVJFSPFTRVFNJTIJKPTMPTTVFMUFOw
EJKPFOTVDPSUBEP
IVBOB"MBSNBEPT
MPTWFDJOPTJOUFOUBSPOSFTPMWFSFMQSPCMF FTQBPM
228 229
&M OJDP BDVTBEP RVF OP FSB JOEHFOB QJEJ MB QBMBCSB -BTTFNBOBTQPTUFSJPSFTBMBBTBNCMFBMPTDPPSEJOBEPSFT
i.FMMBNP(BCSJFM0SP[DP/JFUP/PWFBOFONFTBQFS DPNVOJUBSJPTSFDJCJFSPOBNFOB[BTQPSUFMGPOP
MFTSFDMBNB
TPOB
WFBOFONVOTFSIVNBOPDPNPVTUFEFTRVFRVJFSF CBO B MPT BDVTBEPT Z MB ESPHB 4F OFHBSPO 3FGPS[BSPO MBT
HBOBSTFVOQFTP
RVFTFQJFSEF
RVFNFWFBOBBMHVJFODPNP CBSSJDBEBTZBVNFOUBSPOFMONFSPEFQPMJDBT"OMPTBDV
VOTFSRVFSJEP
OPDPNPMPRVFUSBUBOEFIBDFSRVFNFWFBOw
TBEPTFTQFSBOTFOUFODJB
FTEFDJS
VOOBSDPUSBDBOUF-VFHPBMFHRVFMPEFUVWJFSPO i&M DBTP EFM OBSDPUSDP EFNPTUS RVF MB $PNVOJUBSJB
EFNBOFSBJOKVTUBZOPMFQFSNJUJFSPOMMBNBSBTVGBNJMJB UJFOFGVFS[BZTVEFDJTJOFTSFTQFUBEBQPSFMHPCJFSOP
GVF
7FTUJEPEFCMBODPMJOPZDVTUPEJBEPQPSTVTQSPQJPTHVB VOBMJFOUPQBSBFMTJTUFNBw
EJDFPSHVMMPTPEPO$JSJOPBMSF
SVSBT
FMTFDSFUBSJPEF4FHVSJEBE1CMJDBEJKPBMPTDPNVOJUB DPSEBS BRVFM FQJTPEJP FTUB UBSEF i1FSP UBNCJO FWJEFODJ
SJPTRVFOPUFOBODBQBDJEBEQBSBUSBUBSUFNBTEFUBMTFSJFEBE EFCJMJEBEFTRVFZBIBCBNPTEFUFDUBEPw
ZQJEJRVFMFFOUSFHBSBOBMPTEFUFOJEPTZMBNFSDBODB
%FMJCFSBSPOEFNBOFSBQCMJDB-BTNBOPTTFMFWBOUBSPO
***
UPNBSPOFMNJDSGPOPiOPUFOFNPTFMOJNPEFIBDFSMFHVF #BKP MB TPNCSB EF MPT NBOHPT Z UBNBSJOEPT Z TV PMPS RVF
SSBBMOBSDPUSDP
EFNFUFSOPTFOMBWPSHJOFEFFTBHVFSSB
FTQBSDFFMWJFOUP
VOHSVQPEFIPNCSFTDPOIVBSBDIFZVOJ
QFSPOPWBNPTBQFSNJUJSDPOEVDUBTRVFBGFDUFOMBBSNPOBEF GPSNF WFSEF PTDVSP BUJFOEFO VOB DUFESB &TDSJCFO FO TVT
OVFTUSBT DPNVOJEBEFTw
MBO[ VO DPOTFKFSP iEJDFO RVF IBZ MJCSFUBT EFTHBTUBEBT DPO MFUSBT UPSDJEBT
DBTJ JOGBOUJMFT "M
RVFFOUSFHBSMPBMHPCJFSOP
QFSPFMHPCJFSOPTPNPTOPTPUSPTZ MBEP
TVTSJFTZFTDPQFUBTSFQBSBEBTDPOBMBNCSF.TQBSF
FMMPT
QBSUFEFOVFTUSBDBTBw
TVNVOPEFMPTDPPSEJOBEPSFT DFOSFMJRVJBTRVFBSNBTEFUSBCBKP
iKWFOFT
OPTPUSPT MPT RVFSFNPT
QFSP MPT RVFSFNPT SFDVQF &O 4BO -VJT "DBUMO
VOB EF MBT USFT CBTFT RVF UJFOF MB
SBEPT
MBDPNVOJEBEOPFTUDPOUSBFMOBSDP
NTCJFOFMMPT PSHBOJ[BDJOFOFMFTUBEP
TFMMFWBBDBCPVOBBTBNCMFBQBSB
FTUODPOUSBTNJTNPTw
EJKPPUSPiFMDVMQBCMFEFUPEPFTUFGF DBQBDJUBS B MPT OVFWPT HVBSEJBT Z DPNBOEBOUFT -B TFEF FT
ONFOPEFWJPMFODJBTPDJBMFTMBQPCSF[B
MBGBMUBEFFEVDBDJO
VOUFSSFOPBNQMJPDPOVOBDBTBEFDFNFOUPBNFEJPDPOT
EFPQPSUVOJEBEFT
MPTNJYUFDPTOPTPOOBSDPUSBDBOUFT
FMMPT USVJSEPOEFFTUMBPDJOBZVOBFTUBDJOEFSBEJPDPNVOBM
TMP TJFNCSBO P MB BDBSSFBOw
PQJO VO BODJBOP Z PUSP NT SFDJODSFBEB"MMBEP
VODVBSUPRVFGVODJPOBEFDSDFM
UBO
iTUBFTVOBHVFSSBEFQPCSFTDPOUSBQPCSFT
{RVJOFTFTUOEF QFRVFBRVFMPTTFJTIPNCSFTBIEFUFOJEPTTFUVSOBOQBSB
TPMEBEPT
EFQPMJDBT
EFTJDBSJPT `)JKPTEFDBNQFTJOP1PSFTP EPSNJS&OGSFOUFVOBDPDJOBEFNBEFSBZDBSUOEPOEFMPT
BMDPCBSEFMFDPOWJFOFFTUBHVFSSBQBSBEJWJEJSOPTw WJHJMBOUFTFOUVSOPEFWPSBOGSJKPMFT
UPSUJMMBT
BWFDFTVOQPDP
4FSJPZNBMFODBSBEPFMTFDSFUBSJPBUFTUJHVMBWPUBDJOMPT EFDBSOF4MPBWFDFT
DPNVOJUBSJPTEFDJEJFSPOQSPDFTBSBMPTEFUFOJEPTQPSRVF
DPNP (BCJOP(PO[MF[.FOEP[B
USFJOUBZUBOUPTBPT
WP[SF
IBDFBPT
OPDPOBCBOFOFMTJTUFNBEFKVTUJDJBPDJBM DJB Z QBSDB
TJNQUJDP
FTU QPS UFSNJOBS TV TFSWJDJP DPNP
230 231
QPMJDB%FTEFMBDSDFM
EPOEFIBDFHVBSEJB
FTDVDIBMBQM TF EBCB BQPZP B QPMJDBTw
iFM QPMJDB BSSJFTHB TV WJEB Z OP
UJDBDPOBSNBFONBOP UJFOFVOTFHVSPOJEPDUPSw
iQPSRVBDPPSEJOBEPSTFMFQBHB
{6TUFEDSFFRVFFTUBQPMJDBQPESBGVODJPOBSFOUPEP ZBQPMJDBOPw
FMQBT &MUFNBTFIBEJTDVUJEPBMPMBSHPEFWBSJPTBPT3FDJCJS
(BCJOPGSVODFFMDFPZTFBKVTUBMBFTDPQFUBBMBFTQBMEB EJOFSPEFMHPCJFSOPTFSBTPNFUFSTFBTVTSEFOFT4JOFNCBS
-B WFSEBE RVF B QFOTBS NP TJFOUP RVF OP
UPEBWB MF HP
MPTDPPSEJOBEPSFTUJFOFOVOTBMBSJPEFNJMQFTPTBMNFT
GBMUB
UJFOFNVDIBOFDFTJEBE
FTUBNPTDPOTVGSJNJFOUP
MFGBMUB FOVOMVHBSEPOEFFMJOHSFTPQSPNFEJPEFUPEBVOBGBNJMJB
SFDVSTP1FSPBIFTUMBDBNJOBEB
BTQPDPBQPRVJUPBWFS JOEHFOBOPMMFHBBMPTNJMQFTPT-BEFTDPOBO[BNFSPEFB
IBTUBEOEF {$NP NBOUFOFS VOB SFMBDJO DPO MB BVUPSJEBE TJ TUB
$VBOEP B (BCJOP MP FTDPHJFSPO QBSB FM DBSHP QPS USFT FT MB RVF TPNFUF
DPSSPNQF
IVNJMMB &T VO QVOUP RVF MB
BPT
MZTVFTQPTBUVWJFSPOVOBSFQFOUJOBBMFHSB&MOPN $PNVOJUBSJB BO OP SFTVFMWF &O BCSJM EFM FM HPCJFS
CSBNJFOUPFSBSFDPOPDFSMPDPNPVOIPNCSFUSBCBKBEPS
FO OPFTUBUBMSFDPOPDJBMBPSHBOJ[BDJOBVUOPNBFOMB-FZ
RVJFOTFQVFEFDPOBS-VFHPTFQVTJFSPOVOQPDPUSJTUFT EF$PTUVNCSFT*OEHFOBT
QFSPMPTHPMQFTCBKPTDPOUJOBO
{%FEOEFJCBBTBDBSEJOFSPQBSBNBOUFOFSBTVTIJKPT 4V FOUSFHFODPODFTJOBVOBNJOFSBFYUSBOKFSBVOQFEB[PEFM
FTQPTBUFOESBRVFUSBCBKBSFMEPCMF
FOMBDBTB
MBDPTFDIBZ UFSSJUPSJPJOEHFOB
MBDPSSVQDJONBOUJFOFBMBSFHJODPNP
MBMFB
NJFOUSBTMEBCBTFSWJDJPDBEBPDIPEBT6OBUBSEF
MBNTQPCSFEFMQBT
MPTBTFTJOBUPTZEFTBQBSJDJPOFTEFMEF
DVBOEPOPIBCBOJUPSUJMMBOJRVFMJUFQBSBDPNFS
MBFTQPTB SFTTPDJBMFTQFSNBOFDFOJNQVOFT
MFSFDMBNi{QPSRVOPHBOBT
UVIJKBOFDFTJUBDPNFS
TBMUFw &O MB BTBNCMFB MBT RVFKBT DPOUJOBO /P IBZ NFEJDJOB
:PMFEJHPRVFOP
RVFFTQFSF
{RVJOWBBDVJEBSBNJ QBSBMPTEFUFOJEPT
MBTDFMEBTQBSFDFOQFRVFPTDBMBCP[PT
MB
QVFCMP BTVNFTFSJPTVSFTQPOTBCJMJEBE KVTUJDJBTFIBDFBNFEJBTQPSRVFTFEFUJFOFBMNBMPZTFPMWJ
&MUSBCBKPDPNPQPMJDBDPNVOJUBSJP
DPNBOEBOUFPDPO EBBMBGBNJMJB
ZBFNQF[PUSBWF[FMSPCPZFMBTFTJOBUP
Z
TFKFSPFTWPMVOUBSJP
QFSPTJFMFMFHJEPOPBDFQUBFTTPNFUJEP BMHVOPTQPMJDBTIBOTJEPTFBMBEPTQPSBCVTPEFBVUPSJEBE
BSFFEVDBDJOEVSBOUFVOBP7BMFOUO)FSOOEF[
BTFTPS :IBTUBQPSUPSUVSB
NFTUJ[PEFMBPSHBOJ[BDJO
TBCFRVFTJQVEJFSBOSFDIB[BSFM /PQPEFNPTEFDJSRVFTPNPTCMBODBTQBMPNJUBT
UFOF
DBSHPMBNJUBEMPIBSBQPSMBGBMUBEFQBHPZTFHVSJEBE&T NPTBMHVOPTFSSPSFTQPSOPQSFWFOJSSFQSFOEFVOPEFMPT
UOFYQVFTUPTBTFSEFUFOJEPT
CBMFBEPTZOPUJFOFOTBMBSJPOJ DPPSEJOBEPSFT B MPT DPNVOJUBSJPT &O VO SJODO EFM QBUJP
BUFODJONEJDB
NFOPTVOTFHVSPMBCPSBM)PZQPSFMEDJU VOBTFPSBEFTDBM[BDPOTVTIJKPTBNFEJPWFTUJSTJHVFMBSFV
EFQFSTPOBMEFUFOJEPTOPSFDJCFOSFFEVDBDJO OJOEFTEFIBDFVOQBSEFIPSBT
&OMBBTBNCMFBMBTNBOPTTFBM[BOTPCSFMBQVOUBEFMPT 2VJ[ IBZB FSSPSFT
DPOUJOB FM DPPSEJOBEPS MPT
GVTJMFT2VJFSFOIBCMBSi&OMPTBPTEFJOJDJPEFFTUBMVDIB QPMJDBTBWFDFTEJDFOiBNOBEJFNFNPMFTUBQPSRVFTPZFM
232 233
DIJOHOEFFTUFQVFCMPw
FTVOFSSPSNVZHSBWFQPSRVFOP BTYJB$PNPQSVFCBMBNVKFSHVBSEBFMQBOUBMO
MBDBNJTB
TPNPT KVEJDJBMFT OJ EFM FKSDJUP
MPT RVF UPSUVSBO
MPT RVF ZMPTDBM[POFTRVFWFTUBFTFEB
TVDJPT
BDBSUPOBEPTQPSMBT
HPMQFBOZPCMJHBOMBHFOUFRVFBGVFS[BEJHBTVDVMQBCJMJEBE BHVBTOFHSBT
BVORVFOPTFBTVDVMQB -BBTBNCMFBMBFTDVDIBZTFRVFEBTJOBSHVNFOUPT"M
1BDJFOUF
MBTFPSB$POTUBOUJOB.FOEP[BFTDVDIBMBDMBTF OBM
VOBEFMBTDPPSEJOBEPSBTMFEJSRVFTVNBSJEPTFSMJCF
EFMPTOVFWPTQPMJDBTZEFKBBTVIJKP
FMNTQFRVFPRVF SBEPDVBOEPMPEFDJEBTVDPNVOJEBE
QPSRVFTPOTVTWFDJOPT
MMPSBEFIBNCSF
FYQSJNJSMFMPTTFOPTZBTJOMFDIF$VBOEP RVJFOFTMPDPOPDFOEFUPEBMBWJEBZTBCFOTJFTIPNCSFEF
MBSFVOJOWBBUFSNJOBSTFBDFSDBBMPTDPPSEJOBEPSFTZMFT CJFO
QJEFMJCFSBSBTVFTQPTP$PNPMPIBIFDIPDBEBEPNJOHP -BNVKFSTFWBBDBTBMMPSBOEPDPOMPTDIJRVJMMPTBMSFEFEPS
EFTEFRVFMPEFUVWJFSPO
USFTNFTFTBUST ZMBSFVOJOUFSNJOB"I
MFQSFHVOUPB1BCMP(V[NO
VOP
-MFWBUSFTEBTRVFZBOPDPNF
EVFMFNBOP
FTUFOGFS EFMPTDPPSEJOBEPSFT
TPCSFMPPDVSSJEP{2VJOMPTWJHJMBEF
NP/PMFEHPMQFRVFNJNBSJEPOPFTVO+FTVDSJTUPMFT DPNFUFSBCVTPT {2VJOQSPUFHFFMEFCJEPQSPDFTP
SFDMBNB&MMBOPTFTJFOUFSFQSFTFOUBEBFOFTUFTJTUFNBDPNV -BMFZDVBESBEBEFBMM EFMBTDJVEBEFT
MPTPMUBSBQPS
OJUBSJP RVF OP UJFOF QSVFCBT DPOUSB M
QFSP IB IFDIP EBP PUSBT
4JMWJOP&ODBSOBDJO
TVFTQPTP
FTUBDVTBEPEFTFSDN WFDFTSFTQPOEFDPOWFODJEP
QMJDFEFNBUBSZEFDBQJUBSBVOIPNCSF-PJODVMQFMBVUPS 1BCMPTFSFFSFBRVFIBDFBMHVOPTBPT4JMWJOPGVFEF
DPOGFTPEFMDSJNFO
$FMTP
RVFMVFHPTFSFUSBDU&SBMBOJDB UFOJEP QPS BHSFEJS B TV IFSNBOP 4V FTQPTB $POTUBOUJOB
QSVFCB FO TV DPOUSB "OUF MB BTBNCMFB EF FTUF EPNJOHP MB EFOVODJBMPTDPNVOJUBSJPTBOUFMBKVTUJDJBPDJBM
RVFMPT
FTQPTBEFMNVFSUPQJEFKVTUJDJB
QFSPEFMBCVFOB BQSFTZBDVTEFTFDVFTUSP1BSBMB1PMJDB$PNVOJUBSJBFM
$POTUBOUJOB
FODBNCJP
BDVTBBMB$PNVOJUBSJBEFIB BDUVBSEFMBNVKFSTFUSBUEFVOBSFWBODIB
CFSMPUPSUVSBEPZEFOPEBSMFBUFODJONEJDBOJQFSNJUJSMF {4JVOJOPDFOUFFTTFOUFODJBEPBRVJOBQFMB
MMFWBSMFEPDUPSQPSMBTNJHSBBTRVFQBEFDF&MMUJNPEB "RV TPNPT MJCSFT EF QFOTBS DPO FMBTUJDJEBE
BRV TF
EFMBPVOPTQPMJDBTBCPSEPEFEPTDBNJPOFUBTMMB SPNQFOMPTFTRVFNBTEFMBMFZZTFIBDFKVTUJDJB-PCVFOP
NBSPOBMBQVFSUBEFTVDBTBZFOUSBSPOQPSM&SBOQPMJDBT EFOPDPOPDFSFMEFSFDIPEFMBTDJVEBEFTFTRVFOPOPTQSF
DPNVOJUBSJPTZQPMJDBTQSJNJUJWPT DPNPMMBNBOBMB1PMJDB HVOUBNPTFTBTDPTBTEFMEFSFDIPDPOSNB1BCMPBOUFMB
.VOJDJQBM1SFWFOUJWB
USBCBKBOEPFODPPSEJOBDJO JOTJTUFODJB
-FFDIBSPOCPMTBFOMBDBCF[BEFNJFTQPTPZMFFDIBSPO 1BCMPFTFMOJDPDPPSEJOBEPSNFTUJ[PZFTPHFOFSBBMHV
BHVBOFHSBFOVOQPDJUP
EBCBONVDIPHPMQF
HSJUBCJFOGFP OBT EFTDPOBO[BT FOUSF FM SFTUP EF MPT JOUFHSBOUFT RVF WFO
NJ FTQPTP RVF MF EJFSPO UBOUP HPMQF EJDF SFSJOEPTF BM FOTVTSFFYJPOFTVOEFKPEFWFOHBO[B-BDIBSMBNFSFDVFS
NUPEPEFUPSUVSBEFTVNFSHJSBMBQFSTPOBFOBHVBIBTUBMB EB MB TBCJEVSB EF MBT QBMBCSBT EF EPO $JSJOP
RVF FWJU FM
234 235
MJODIBNJFOUPEFVOPTBTFTJOPTZWJPMBEPSFTFOFMBP
%VSBOUFNVDIPTBPTIFNPTWJTUPMBDPMBEFMHPCJFSOPZ
EJSJHJFOEPBMPTQPCMBEPSFTFTUBSFFYJOiEFCFNPTWFSOPT MBUJFOFMBSHB
MBUJFOFMBSHB.VDIBDPMBRVFMFQJTFO
QFSP
BMFTQFKPQPSRVFFMQSYJNPQVFEFTFSOPTPUSPT
OBEJFFTQFS UFOFNPT RVF WPMUFBS B NJSBS OVFTUSB DPMB
WFSMB CJFO QBSB
GFDUP Z UBSEF P UFNQSBOP QPEFNPT DPNFUFS FSSPS -PT RVF OPDPNFUFSNJTNPTFSSPSFTRVFFMMPTEJDFEPO$JSJOP1M
NBUBOOPUJFOFOPUSBDBSBRVFOVFTUSBDBSBw DJEP B MB RVJOUB UB[B EF DBG )BCBNPT SFDPSSJEP EVSBOUF
-B $PNVOJUBSJB TBCF RVF WJWF BIPSB TV QSPQJB DSJTJT EF WBSJBTIPSBT
BUSBWTEFTVNFNPSJB
FMDBNJOPBOEBEPQPS
DPOBO[B&ODJFSUPNPEP
WDUJNBEFTVYJUP MB1PMJDB$PNVOJUBSJB
-BDBEBEFOJWFMFTEFWJPMFODJBFOMPTNVOJDJQJPTEPO -BJORVJFUVEFTDPNQBSUJEBQPSMPTDPPSEJOBEPSFT
DPO
EFHPCJFSOBUVWPBMHVOPTFGFDUPTOPDPOTJEFSBEPTQPSMBPS TFKFSPT
QPMJDBT &O EJF[ BPT MPT OJPT EF BIPSB TFSO MPT
HBOJ[BDJO 1PS VO MBEP
BUSBKP FM JOUFST EF WBSJPT HSVQPT HVBSEJBOFTZUBNCJOMPTDSJNJOBMFT{$NPTFFTUOQSFQB
QPMUJDPTRVFIBOCVTDBEPDPOUSPMBSMBPSHBOJ[BDJO
MPRVF SBOEPQBSBFMMP
IBHFOFSBEPEJWJTJPOFTJOUFSOBTQPSPUSP
TVTMPHSPTOPTJHOJ %PO$JSJOPTFWFQSFPDVQBEP
QFSPOPEFSSPUBEP.FEJ
DBSPOFMSFDPOPDJNJFOUPBMBPSHBOJ[BDJOQPSQBSUFEFMPT EPFOTVTSFFYJPOFT
SFDPOPDFSJFTHPT
OPFMRVJFCSF$SJTJT
KWFOFT
RVJFOFT OBDJFSPO B MB QBS EFM QSPZFDUP Z DSFDJFSPO DPNPTUBIBOTVQFSBEPVOQBSEFWFDFTFOFMQBTBEP4BCF
FO FM SFNBOTP EF USBORVJMJEBE RVF EFK B TV QBTP 1PDP B DVMFTTPOFTPTQFEB[PTEFDPMBZDNPSFBOVEBSDBNJOP
QPDPMPTMB[PTDPNFO[BSPOBTPMUBSTFFOUSFMPTQVFCMPT-BT 1SJNFSP
MB $PPSEJOBEPSB EFCF GPSNBS DVBESPT -PT M
QSFPDVQBDJPOFTGVFSPOPUSBT
PNTCJFOMBEFTJFNQSFMBNJ EFSFT PSJHJOBMFT EF MB PSHBOJ[BDJO OP TF QSFPDVQBSPO QPS
TFSJBIJTUSJDB%FQSPOUP
FMSFMFWP
MBMVDIBSFOPWBEBBMBT FOTFBSBMPTIFSFEFSPTFMFKFEFMBKVTUJDJBDPNVOJUBSJB
DPORVJTUBTEFMPTNTWJFKPTOPMMFHBCB i-BSFTQPOTBCJMJEBEEFMPTRVFMFEJNPTWJEBFTUFORVF
&OMBBTBNCMFB
MPTGVUVSPTQPMJDBTEFCBUFORVFMBWFSEB OP QSFQBSBNPT BM QVFCMP FO QPS DJFOUP
OP GPSNBNPT
EFSBKVTUJDJBFYJHFFMJOWPMVDSBNJFOUPEFMBDPNVOJEBE"MHP DVBESP 1PS FTP MMFHB BMHVJFO RVF OP UJFOF DPODJFODJB Z TF
RVFFOMBTDJVEBEFTIFNPTPMWJEBEP EFTWB
DPNFUFFSSPSFT&TFMDPTUPRVFFTUQBHBOEPFMNP
i-BKVTUJDJBRVFJNQBSUFOOVFTUSBTBVUPSJEBEFTSFHJPOBMFT WJNJFOUP /P FTUBNPT QSFWJOJFOEP
QSFQBSBOEP MBT DPOEJ
UBNCJOTFDFOUSBFOFTUFFTQSJUVDPNVOJUBSJPFTVOBKVTUJ DJPOFT QBSB RVF OP TF DPNFUBO FSSPSFT
QPSRVF NVDIPT EF
DJBQCMJDBZDPMFDUJWB
EPOEFTPOWBSJPTMPTPKPTRVFFWBMBO OPTPUSPTFTUBNPTEFTHBTUBEPTGTJDBNFOUF
FDPONJDBNFOUF
B RVJFOFT DPNFUFO FSSPSFTw
EJDF FM SFHMBNFOUP RVF FO TVT 1FOTBNPTRVFMBTDPTBTZBTFJCBOBEBSQPSTTPMBTw
NBOPTMMFWBOFTUBUBSEFCBKPMBTPNCSBEFMPTNBOHPTZUB 4FHVOEP
MB$PNVOJUBSJBTBCFRVFFOGSFOUBFMEJWJTJPOJTNP
NBSJOEPT
FOMBBTBNCMFBEF4BO-VJT"DBUMO BMJOUFSJPSEFMPTQVFCMPT1BSBDPNCBUJSMP
FYQMJDB
EFCFOSF
UPNBSTVTQSPQJBTGPSNBTEFPSHBOJ[BDJOBMNBSHFOEFMPT
*** HSVQPTQPMUJDPTRVFRVJFSFODPPQUBSMPT&TUFBOIFMPEFNBO
236 237
UFOFSTFVOJEPTMPTFNQVKBJOJDJBSVOBOVFWBDSV[BEBSFDVQFSBS UJNB JNBHFO MB KVTUJDJB FT DPNP VOB SFE RVF TF UFKF FOUSF
TVEFSFDIPBFMFHJSNFEJBOUFVTPTZDPTUVNCSFTBTVTBVUPSJEBEFT
UPEPT
EFKBOEPEFMBEPFMTJTUFNBEFQBSUJEPT 4JIBZVOPRVFOPUFKF
GBMUBQFEB[P0TJUFKFNBM
TF
i&MQPEFSOBDFEFMQVFCMPZEFCFJOTUJUVJSTFFOCFOFDJP SPNQF
EFMQVFCMP&MTJTUFNBEFQBSUJEPTOPOPTTJSWFQBSBDSFDFS
DPNPQVFCMPT/PTDPOGSPOUB
OPTEJWJEF
OPTNBOJQVMB
OPT
DPSSPNQF
OPTVUJMJ[BZBMOBMOPTIBDFBVOMBEPw
FTDSJCJF
SPOFOVOBDPOWPDBUPSJBBMBTDPNVOJEBEFTQBSBTVNBSTFBMB
FYJHFODJBEFTVBVUPOPNB
5FSDFSP
FTUBCMFDFS MNJUFT FO MB SFMBDJO DPO FM HPCJFS
OP$VBOEPFNQF[MB1PMJDB$PNVOJUBSJBTFBMJBSPODPO
FM&KSDJUPNFYJDBOPQBSBMBDBQBDJUBDJOFOFMVTPEFBSNBT
BVORVF FO FM GPOEP IBCB VOB EPCMF JOUFODJO
QPS BN
CBTQBSUFT-PTDPNVOJUBSJPTRVFSBONBOEBSFMNFOTBKFB
MPTDBDJRVFTZEFMJODVFOUFTRVFFM&KSDJUPFSBTVBNJHP-PT
NJMJUBSFTCVTDBCBOQFOFUSBSZEFTBSUJDVMBSBMBPSHBOJ[BDJO
i/PRVFSFNPTTFSFTUSVDUVSBEFVOBDBTBRVFTFFTUDBZFO
EP
RVFSFNPTVOBFTUSVDUVSBQSPQJBEFMPTQVFCMPT4PMBNFOUF
OPTPUSPTWBNPTBMPHSBSDBNCJBSMBTDPTBT
QFSPOPTJFOEPFM
&TUBEP*NBHOBUF
OPMFQVFEFTUJSBSQJFESBFTUBOEPEFO
USP
TFUFDBFUFDIPFODJNBw
MBTQBMBCSBTEFEPO$JSJOPJMVT
USBO
$VBSUP-B1PMJDB$PNVOJUBSJBEFCFJNBHJOBSTVGVUV
SP Z DBNJOBS IBDJB M )BDFS VO QSPHSBNB EF QSFWFODJO
USB[BSVOBSVUBEFEFTBSSPMMPQPSRVFMBWJEBEFMPTQVFCMPT
TJHVFNBSDBEBQPSMBQPCSF[BZFMTPNFUJNJFOUPEFM&TUBEP
4FUSBUBEFQSFQBSBSMBTDPOEJDJPOFTQBSBRVF MB HFOUF WJWB
MJCSFEFJOTFHVSJEBEZNJTFSJB
-BNJSBEBDIJTQFBOUFEFEPO$JSJOPQBSFDFBMVNCSBSFTF
DBNJOP&MIPNCSFFNQJOBFMDBGBOUFTEFMBO[BSVOBM
238 239
/
Elia Baltazar
-VJT(VJMMFSNP)FSOOEF[
6
Elia Baltazar
243
USBT MB KVTUJDBDJO RVF IBDF TPTQFDIPTB B MB WDUJNB i&O OBDJOOPBMDBO[BQBSBFYQSJNJSMFMBUSJTUF[B
QFSPBMNFOPT
BMHPFTUBCBNFUJEPwi1PSBMHPMFQBTwi6OPOVODBTBCFw IB DPOWFSUJEP TV MVUP FO GVFS[B 4MP BT QVEP TPTUFOFSTF
&TMBTFOUFODJBBOUJDJQBEBRVF
EFTEFIBDFTFJTBPTFOFTUF FOQJFFTUFMUJNPBP"USBWFTBSMBEFTFTQFSBDJOZMBJSBZ
QBT
IBDF DVMQBCMFT B MBT WDUJNBT
OJFHB B MPT NVFSUPT QPS EFTQVTEFUPEP
FODPOUSBSMBNBOFSBEFMFWBOUBSFMOPNCSF
WJPMFODJBTVEFSFDIPBMBJOPDFODJB
ZBTVTGBNJMJBT
MBKVTUJDJB EF TV IJKP Z TBMWBSTF M NJTNP EF MB EFTFTQFSBO[B DPO VO
i%BPDPMBUFSBMwMMBNBOMBTBVUPSJEBEFTBMBUSBHFEJBDBEB QSPZFDUP RVF DBSJPTBNFOUF MMBNB .VMUJQMJDBOEP B +FUISP
VOBEFMBTIJTUPSJBTEFMPTRVFTBMFOEFDBTBWJWPTZBQBSFDFO VOBFTDVFMBQSFQBSBUPSJBZUDOJDBQBSBSFWJWJSMBNFNPSJBEF
NVFSUPT
MPTRVFZBOPWVFMWFO
MPTRVFTFMMFWBOMPTDSJNJ TVIJKPFODBEBVOPEFMPTFTUVEJBOUFTi2VFSFNPTSFQSPEV
OBMFT
PMPTQPMJDBTZNJMJUBSFTMPTDVFSQPTTJOJEFOUJDBS/P DJSVOFKSDJUPEFNVDIBDIPTQPTJUJWPT
RVFOPTSFDVFSEFOB
IBZOPNCSFQBSBUPEBTMBTWDUJNBTOJONFSPTFYBDUPT"QF UPEPTDNPFSBMw
OBTDMDVMPT
&ODPOUSBEF+FUISPIBOEJDIPRVFBMTFSEFUFOJEPEVSBOUF ***
VOBSJBFOMBGFSJBEF"DBQBU[JOHP
TFKBDUEFTFSNJFNCSP &MMVHBSFTQFRVFPQFSPTVDJFOUFVOBPDJOBQBSBMBEJSFD
EFVODSUFMEFMOBSDPUSDPZBNFOB[BMPTQPMJDBT%PT DJOZEPTFTQBDJPTBEBQUBEPTDPNPBVMBZCJCMJPUFDB4VDJFOUF
NFTFTEFTQVTBQBSFDJNVFSUPFOVOIPZPEFUJFSSBFO"U QPSBIPSBQBSBSFDJCJSBMBQSJNFSBHFOFSBDJOEFBMVNOPTEFM
MJYDP
1VFCMB $FOUSPEF&EVDBDJOZ$BQBDJUBDJO*OHFOJFSP+FIUSP3BNTTT
-BWP[EF)DUPSTFFODJFOEFTMPEFSFDPSEBSRVFFOFM 4ODIF[4BOUBOB
VCJDBEPFOMBDBMMF1BTFPEFMPT-JSJPTONF
FYQFEJFOUFEFMDSJNFOIBZEFDMBSBDJPOFTRVFJOWPMVDSBOB+F SP
DPMPOJB"NQMJBDJO#VHBNCJMJBT
FO+JVUFQFD
.PSFMPT
UISPDPOFMOBSDPUSDPRVJFSFKVTUJDJBZEJHOJEBEQBSBTV "MM
GSFOUFBMMPDBMQJOUBEPEFB[VMZCMBODP
DPOQVFSUBT
OPNCSF1PSFTPIBSFDVQFSBEPEFMPTDBKPOFTGBNJMJBSFTGP ZWFOUBOBTEFDSJTUBMPQBDP
VOBTQFSTPOBTTFSFVOJFSPO
UPHSBGBTZEPDVNFOUPTRVFMPBZVEFOBQSPZFDUBSFOUBNBP FM EF KVOJP EF QBSB MB JOBVHVSBDJO EF MB FTDVFMB
SFBMMBJNBHFOEFTVIJKP/PTMPQBSBEJTQFSTBSMPTSVNPSFT RVFUJFOFDPNPMFNBi-V[EFUSBCBKPZEFEJDBDJOw&TFEB
RVFQSFUFOEFOUPSDFSTVIJTUPSJB
TJOPQBSBEFGFOEFSBTVGB +FUISPIBCSBDVNQMJEPBPTZTVQBESFRVJTPRVFFMBDUP
NJMJBEFVOBEVEBiJOKVTUBwRVFMPTNFEJPTIBOEJGVOEJEP GVFSBBMNJTNPUJFNQPIPNFOBKFZDFMFCSBDJO
TJOBQFOBTJOWFTUJHBSRVJOFSB+FUISP
DNPWJWBOJFMEBP 4JOTBCFSMP
)DUPSTJHVFFMFKFNQMPEFPUSBTDJVEBEFTZ
RVFPDBTJPOBOBMQSPDFTPKVEJDJBM DPNVOJEBEFTDPOIFSJEBTQSPGVOEBTQPSIFDIPTEFWJPMFODJB
i2VJFSFO DSJNJOBMJ[BSMP QBSB RVJUBSMF GVFS[B BM DBTP EPOEFMBQSEJEBZFMEPMPSUBNCJOIBOTJEPDJNJFOUPQBSB
EJDF
QFSPZPFTUPZTFHVSPEFMPRVFFSB+FUISPZWPZBEF PCSBTEFSFDVFSEPDPMFDUJWP-PTTPCSFWJWJFOUFTEFMBNBTBDSF
NPTUSBSMP
QPSRVFMPRVFIJDJFSPODPONJIJKPGVFVOBDUP EF"DUFBM
FO$IJBQBT
MFWBOUBSPOVOBDBQJMMBFOIPOPSEF
EFDPCBSEBRVFOPQVFEFRVFEBSJNQVOFw5PEBTVJOEJH MPT NVFSUPT "UPZBD
(VFSSFSP
QJOU TV NVSBM QBSB MBT
244 245
WDUJNBTEFMBHVFSSBTVDJBFO$SFFM
$IJIVBIVB
MBTGBNJMJBTEF i)FNPTBMFKBEPVOQPRVJUPFMEPMPS*ODPOTDJFOUFNFOUF
MPTKWFOFTBTFTJOBEPTFODPOTUSVZFSPOMB1MB[BEFMB DSFP
FTUFQSPZFDUPFTDPNPUFSBQJB
OPTEJTUSBFZBMJFOUBTB
1B[4POUPEPTBDUPTEFBNPSZMVDIBRVFCVTDBOQSFTFSWBS CFSRVFIBDFNPTBMHPQPTJUJWP
VOCJFOTPDJBMFOGBWPSEFMPT
MB NFNPSJB EF MBT WDUJNBT DPO VOB BDDJO DPMFDUJWB P VO KWFOFTw)BDFGBMUB
QVFTFOFTBFOUJEBEMBWJPMFODJBQJOU
FTQBDJPDPNO&TMBMVDIBDPOUSBFMPMWJEP-BSFQBSBDJO EJBOBTPCSFTVGSFOUF
TJNCMJDBRVFIBZEFUSTEFBDDJPOFTUBOTFODJMMBTDPNPSF -BTDJGSBTMPEFNVFTUSBO&OUSFMBTNJMQFSTPOBTBTFTJ
CBVUJ[BSDBMMFT
DPOTUSVJSFTDVFMBT
MFWBOUBSNFNPSJBMFTQBSB OBEBTFOUSFZ
IBCBWDUJNBTNFOPSFTEF
IPOSBSBRVJFOFTEFCBOFTUBSZOPFTUO BPT-BNBZPSBEF$VFSOBWBDBZEFMPTNVOJDJQJPTEF5F
1BSB)DUPS
MBFTDVFMBFTMBDPOUJOVBDJOEFVOBUBSFBRVF NJYDP
$VBVUMB
9PDIJUFQFD
&NJMJBOP ;BQBUB
)VJU[JMBD
+FUISPZBIBCBFNQSFOEJEPBMDBQBDJUBSBKWFOFTDPOHBOBT Z+JVUFQFD
EFBDVFSEPDPOSFQPSUFTEFMB3FEQPSMB1B[DPO
EFTVQFSBSTF-PIJ[PEFTEFNVZKPWFODPNPNBFTUSPEFOB +VTUJDJB Z %JHOJEBE Z MB $PNJTJO *OEFQFOEJFOUF EF %FSF
UBDJOZMPTJHVJIBDJFOEPDPNPNBFTUSPFOMB6OJWFSTJEBE DIPT)VNBOPTEF.PSFMPT $*%).
1PMJUDOJDBEF.PSFMPTi&SBVOPEFTVTTVFPTw
EJKPFOMB /PCBTUMBNVFSUF
QVFTFONVDIPTDBTPTMBTBVUPSJEB
JOBVHVSBDJO6OPBMNFOPTRVF)DUPSIBQPEJEPDPODSF EFTJOUFOUBSPOFTUJHNBUJ[BSBKWFOFTBTFTJOBEPT
EFTMJ[BOEP
UBSFOFMNJTNPMPDBMRVFIBCBDFEJEPBMIJKPQBSBJOTUBMBS WFSTJPOFTTPCSFQPTJCMFTWODVMPTDPOFMDSJNFOPSHBOJ[BEP
TVQSPQJPUBMMFS
BMMBEPEFMTVZP+FUISPRVFSBDPOWFSUJSFTF &O FTB FOUJEBE RVF FM 1"/ HPCFSO EVSBOUF BPT
OFHPDJPFOVOBQFRVFBFNQSFTBZBOUFTEFTVEFTBQBSJDJO MB1SPDVSBEVSB(FOFSBMEF+VTUJDJBEFM&TUBEP 1%+&
UFOB
IBCBDPNFO[BEPBHFTUJPOBSVOBQPZPGFEFSBM SFHJTUSP EF NJM QFSTPOBT EFTBQBSFDJEBT IBTUB -B
*OHFOJFSPFMFDUSPNFDOJDPFHSFTBEPEFM*OTUJUVUP5FDOP $*%).DPOTJEFSBRVFBMNFOPTDBTPTIBOTJEPEFTBQB
MHJDPEF;BDBUFQFD
RVFSBTFSFNQSFTBSJPZQBSBFMMPFMJHJ SJDJPOFTGPS[BEBT+FUISPFTVOPEFFMMPT4POSFFOMBTGPUP
VOBNBFTUSBFOBENJOJTUSBDJOEFOFHPDJPT
FOMB6OJWFS HSBGBTRVFTVQBESFMMFWBDPOTJHP1FSPFOFMBJSFIBZVOB
TJEBE -BUJOB EF $VFSOBWBDB 1BSB BQSFOEFS JOHMT WFOEJ USJTUF[BRVFBQSJFUBMBSFTQJSBDJO
TVBVUPZWJBKB5FYBT
EPOEFUSBCBKEVSBOUFPDIPNFTFT
/VODBTPCSFMEJOFSPFOTVDBTB
QFSPiMTJFNQSFWFBMBT ***
DPTBTIBDJBBSSJCB
OVODBTFDPOGPSNw:OPFTRVFGVFSBVO +FUISP 3BNTTT 4ODIF[ 4BOUBOB EFTBQBSFDJ MB OPDIF EFM
SBUOEFCJCMJPUFDB
FSBVOKPWFOOPSNBM
RVFMFHVTUBCBFM EPNJOHPQSJNFSPEFNBZPEF)BCBTBMJEPEFTVDBTB
EFQPSUFZMBFTUB
QFSPUFOBBTQJSBDJPOFTRVFDPOUBHJBCBO QBSBKVHBSGVUCPMDPOTVTBNJHPTZMVFHPJSBMB'FSJBEF$VFS
4PCSFUPEPBTVQBESF
RVFIPZTBDBGVFS[BEFMSFDVFSEPQBSB OBWBDB
FO"DBQBOU[JOHP)BTUBBMM
MBIJTUPSJBTJODPOUSBT
MMFWBS BEFMBOUF FM QSPZFDUP EF FTDVFMB RVF ZB UJFOF QMBO EF UFT-BDPOGVTJODPNJFO[BBQBSUJSEFMBTIPSBTTJHVJFOUFTB
FTUVEJPT
EJSFDUPSZNBFTUSPT VOBSJBFOMBRVFIBCSBQBSUJDJQBEPDPOPUSPTBNJHPT
FOUSF
246 247
FMMPT)PSBDJP$FSWBOUFT%FNFTB
ZRVFKVTUJDMBJOUFSWFO 4V DVFSQP GVF IBMMBEP FO VO QBSBKF DPOPDJEP DPNP -B
DJOEFQPMJDBTNVOJDJQBMFT 0DPUFSB
FO"UMJYDP
1VFCMB-BTBVUPSJEBEFTEFFTFFTUBEP
-PRVFPDVSSJBQBSUJSEFFTBUBSEFFTUBTFOUBEPFOFM MPDBMJ[BSPOTVTSFTUPTZMBTQSVFCBTEF"%/DPOSNBSPOTV
FYQFEJFOUFEFM+V[HBEP2VJOUP.JMJUBS")PSB JEFOUJEBE
DJPMPTBDBSPOQSJNFSPEFMBGFSJBZMVFHPMPBQSFIFOEJFSPO
+FUISP
FODBNCJP
GVFEFUFOJEPFOFMMVHBSEFMBQFMFB-PT ***
NVOJDJQBMFTMMFWBSPOBMPTEPTBMBQBSUFQPTUFSJPSEFMBGFSJBZ )DUPSOPTBCFRVSFTPSUFEJTQBSMBJEFBEFBCSJSVOBFTDVF
BMMMPTHPMQFBSPO"SHVNFOUBSPORVF+FUISPQSFTVNJUFOFS MBFONFNPSJBEFTVIJKP4MPTVDFEJRVFVOEB
NJFOUSBT
SFMBDJO DPO VO HSVQP EF MB EFMJODVFODJB PSHBOJ[BEB Z MPT SFDPSSBEFOVFWPTVSFDVFSEP
MBJNBHJOEFQSPOUP"MHP
BNFOB[1PSFTPMMBNBSPOBMB1PMJDB'FEFSBM UFOBRVFIBDFSQBSBNJUJHBSFMEPMPSZTBDVEJSTFMBGSVTUSB
&OTVEFDMBSBDJO
)PSBDJPEJKPRVFMPTGFEFSBMFTMMFHBSPO DJO EF MB QSEJEB i.J FTQPTB Z NJT IJKBT FTUBCBO EFTIF
DPOQBTBNPOUBBTZUBNCJOMPTHPMQFBSPO$VBOEPQSFHVO DIBTZTMPTFNFPDVSSJRVFUFOBNPTRVFIBDFSBMHPQBSB
UBVOPEFFMMPTRVFTUBCBQBTBOEP
iNFEJKPRVFVOBNJHP NBOUFOFSOPTPDVQBEPTw-BGBNJMJBDPNQBSUJMBJEFBZFN
NPIBCBBCJFSUPFMIPDJDPEFNTw-VFHPMPTFOUSFHBSPO QSFOEJFSPOFMQSPZFDUPi$SFPRVFWBNPTCJFO
BVORVFOVODB
BMPTNJMJUBSFT
RVFMMFHBSPOBMBGFSJBFOUSFTVOJEBEFTUJQP TVQJNPTIBTUBEOEFQPEBNPTMMFHBSw
QJDLVQ6OiUFOJFOUF(VFSSBw FSB+PT(VBEBMVQF0SJ[BHB /P TMP EVEBCBO EF MB FOUFSF[B EF TV OJNP
TJOP EF MB
Z(VFSSB
QJEJBTVTIPNCSFTWFOEBSMPTPKPTEFMPTEFUFOJ EJTQPTJDJOEFSFDVSTPT
QVFTDPNQSPCBSPORVFFO.YJDPMPT
EPTZTVCJSMPTBMBTVOJEBEFT
TFQBSBEPT GBNJMJBSFTEFMBTWDUJNBTQBHBODPOUJFNQPZEJOFSPFMEFSF
i.FFTQPTBSPODPOMBTNBOPTIBDJBBUST
EFBINFTVCJFSPO DIPBMBKVTUJDJB%FTEFMBEFTBQBSJDJOEF+FUISPEJTQVTJFSPO
BVOBDBNJPOFUB
ZEFBIZBOPTVQFNTEF+FUISPw)PSBDJP EFUPEPBTVBMDBODFQBSBCVTDBSMPZ
ZBBQBSFDJEPFMDVFSQP
EFDMBSVOBTPMBWF[/VODBNTSFTQPOEJBMPTDJUBUPSJPT TJHVJFSPOFOFMUSBKOEFMPTUSBTMBEPTEF$VFSOBWBDBBM%JTUSJUP
&MEFKVMJPEF
FM.JOJTUFSJP1CMJDP.JMJUBSDPO 'FEFSBM
FOUSFNJOJTUFSJPTQCMJDPT
KV[HBEPT
BCPHBEPT
PSHB
TJHOBMUFOJFOUFEFJOGBOUFSB+PT(VBEBMVQF0SJ[BHBZBM OJ[BDJPOFTDJWJMFT
DPNJTJPOFTEFEFSFDIPTIVNBOPT
TVCUFOJFOUF &EXJO 3B[JFM "HVJMBS
RVJFOFT DPOGFTBSPO MB i"CBOEPOBNPTUPEPw
EJDF)DUPS
ZOBEJFFOMBGBNJMJB
NVFSUFEFMKPWFOFOMBTJOTUBMBDJPOFTNJMJUBSFT
BDPOTFDVFO RVFSBWPMWFSBMOFHPDJPRVFBCSBMBIFSJEBi/JNJTIJKBTOJ
DJBEFVOBiCSPODPBTQJSBDJOw NJFTQPTBQPEBOFTUBSBMMw4MP$MBSB(BSDB
WJFKBBNJHB
&OMPTJOGPSNFTEFM&KSDJUPTFBQVOUBRVF)PSBDJPZ+F EFMBGBNJMJBZFNQMFBEBEFMUBMMFS
QVEPIBDFSTFDBSHPQBSB
UISPGVFSPOJOUFSSPHBEPTFOFMDVBSUFMEFMB;POB.JMJUBS FWJUBSMBRVJFCSB
)PSBDJPGVFMJCFSBEPFTBNJTNBNBESVHBEB1FSPEF+FUISP )DUPSFTVOIPNCSFTFODJMMPRVFIBMMBEPOEFQVFEFMBTQB
OBEJFWPMWJBTBCFS)BTUBEPTNFTFTEFTQVT MBCSBTQBSBFYQMJDBSTFi&MEPMPSIBDFNVDIBTDPTBTZPQFOT
248 249
FOTVJDJEBSNF
FNCPSSBDIBSNF
TFSVOQFSEFEPS1FSPUFOHP MPTNFKPSFTFTUVEJBOUFTEFQSFQBSBUPSJBi"RVQPESODVSTBS
MBDPOBO[BEFRVFNJIJKPFTUBSSJCBZOPDSFPRVFMPWJFSB TVFEVDBDJONFEJBTVQFSJPSZVOBDBSSFSBUDOJDBBMNJTNP
DPOCVFOPTPKPT4JFNQSFCVTRVMBGPSNBEFIBDFSMPHFOUFEF UJFNQP
QPSRVF MB JEFB FT RVF QVFEBO DPNFO[BS B USBCBKBS
DBSDUFS
QPSRVFZPUPEBWBUFOHPVOBIFDIVSBBMBBOUJHJUB
QPSTVDVFOUBEFTEFFMQSJODJQJP
QBSBRVFNTUBSEFFMMPT
TJ
FOFMTFOUJEPEFTFSNVZIPNCSFQBSBFOGSFOUBSMBTDPTBTw UJFOFOHBOBT
DVCSBOTVVOJWFSTJEBEw
)BCMB EF T NJTNP FO QBTBEP %FM IPNCSF BQBTJPOBEP "T FEVD )DUPS B TVT IJKPT Z BT QJFOTB RVF PUSPT QP
RVFiTFQPOBDIJOJUPwBMFTDVDIBSMBNTJDBEFMPTDIJOFMPT ESO BWBO[BS QPS TVT QSPQJPT NFEJPT
TJO OFDFTJEBE EF
PFMNBSJBDIJRVFBDPNQBBCBMBTFTUBTGBNJMJBSFT)PZFT QFOTBSTFDPNPFNQMFBEPTi2VFSFNPTBMFOUBSFOFMMPTVOB
PUSP6OIPNCSFRVFTFPCMJHBBTFHVJSBEFMBOUFQPSTVGB BNCJDJOQPTJUJWB/PTFSOQSPGFTJPOBMFTUFSNJOBEPT
QFSPT
NJMJB
EJDF 1PS TVT EPT IJKBT Z TV FTQPTB RVF QSFFSFO ZB QPESOTFHVJSBEFMBOUFw
EJDF
OPIBCMBSEF+FUISPFOQCMJDPi:BOPTEJFSPOVOUSBODB[P
-PTFTUVEJBOUFTEFM$FOUSPEF&EVDBDJOZ$BQBDJUBDJO
QFSPRVJFSPRVFFMMBTTFSFDVQFSFO
QPSRVFZPOPTTJNFWPZ BTJTUJSOBDMBTFTDVBUSPIPSBTEJBSJBTEPTQBSBDVSTBSMBQSF
SFDVQFSBS"MNFOPTTRVFOPTPZFMNJTNPw QBSBUPSJBZFMSFTUPQBSBTVGPSNBDJOUDOJDB)DUPSDVFOUB
)BBQSFOEJEPBIBCMBSDPOMPTUSNJOPTEFMBMFZ
QFSPOP DPOFMQMBOEFFTUVEJPTPDJBMQBSBFEVDBDJONFEJBTVQFSJPS
TFBDPTUVNCSB/VODBIBCBUFOJEPOBEBRVFWFSDPOQPMJDBT ZMEJTFMBQBSUFUDOJDBBQBSUJSEFTVTDPOPDJNJFOUPTFO
OJ NJOJTUFSJPT QCMJDPT
Z NFOPT DPO NJMJUBSFT "IPSB
FO NFDOJDBBVUPNPUSJ[5BNCJOIBEJTQVFTUPEFUPEBTVIF
DBNCJP
iDVBOEP WFP VOB DBNJPOFUB EFM &KSDJUP NF FOUSB SSBNJFOUBZFRVJQPQBSBMBQSDUJDBEFMPTFTUVEJBOUFT
BVO
VOBJORVJFUVEUSFNFOEBw1FSPOPFTNJFEP
EJDFi:BUPEP RVFMFGBMUBOTJNVMBEPSFT)BQFOTBEPSFDVSSJSBMBTFNQSFTBT
MPNBMPMFQBTBNJIJKPZOPQVFEFIBCFSOBEBQFPSw)BZ BVUPNPUSJDFT Z GVOEBDJPOFT QBSB DPOTFHVJS EPOBUJWPT i-P
QBVTB4VHBSHBOUBTFDPSUB)BUFOJEPRVFBQSFOEFSBTBMWBS RVFZBOPVUJMJ[BOZQVFEFTFSWJSBMPTNVDIBDIPTw
MPTTJMFODJPTBIPHBEPTEFTEFMBQSJNFSBDPOGFSFODJBEFQSFOTB 1PSFMNPNFOUPOFDFTJUBDVBUSPQSPGFTPSFTRVFSFDJCJSOTV
BMBRVFDPOWPDTVBCPHBEP
QBSBQFEJSMBBQBSJDJODPOWJEB TBMBSJPEFMBTDVPUBTEFMPTFTUVEJBOUFTTFSOTJNCMJDBT
QFSP
EF+FUISP BZVEBSOBNBOUFOFSFMMVHBS-BEJSFDDJOFTUBSBDBSHPEF
)DUPSIBWVFMUPBMOFHPDJPRVFJOBVHVSIBDFBPT 7JDFOUF3PNFSP0SUJ[
VOQSPGFTPSDPOBPTEFFYQFSJFO
4VUJFNQPFTUEJWJEJEPFOUSFFMUBMMFS
FMDBTPEFTVIJKPZFM DJB EPDFOUF
RVF BZVE B MB GBNJMJB 4ODIF[ 4BOUBOB FO MPT
$FOUSP EF &EVDBDJO Z $BQBDJUBDJO -B FTDVFMB OP FT VO USNJUFT )DUPS MMFH B M QPS SFDPNFOEBDJO EFM BCPHBEP
OFHPDJP TJOP VO TFSWJDJP
BDMBSB
iZ OP QSFUFOEFNPT TBDBS $JQSJBOP 4PUFMP 4BMHBEP
RVJFO MMFWB FM DBTP EF +FUISP Z SF
QSPWFDIPw DJFOUFNFOUFJOBVHVSVOBFTDVFMBEFEFSFDIPFO$VFSOBWBDB
$PNPFTUQFOTBEBQBSBKWFOFTDPOOFDFTJEBEFDPONJ i/PTBCFODVOUBBENJSBDJOEFTQJFSUBFTUBGBNJMJBRVF
DB Z HBOBT EF USBCBKBS
IBO EFDJEJEP PUPSHBS NFEJB CFDB B IBUSBOTGPSNBEPTVEPMPSFOBMHPQPTJUJWP
QFOTBOEPFOMPT
250 251
KWFOFTQBSBQSPMPOHBSMBNFNPSJBEFTVIJKP%POEFRVJFSB 6
RVFFTU
+FUISPEFCFTFOUJSVOHSBOPSHVMMPw
EJDF7JDFOUF
&O M DBCF UPEP FM FOUVTJBTNP RVF BO OP IBMMB TV MV
HBSFOMBWJEBEFMPT4ODIF[4BOUBOB1BSBMFTUDMBSPMP -VJT(VJMMFSNP)FSOOEF[
RVFTJHOJDBFTFDFOUSPi4FUSBUBEJDFEFOPRVFEBSOPT
OBEBNTFOFMEPMPS
FMQTBNFZMBQSEJEB
TJOPUSBOTGPS
NBS UPEP FTP Z SFEJHOJDBSMP 5FOFS MB BMUFSOBUJWB EF WJEB
QBSBPGSFDFSBMHPBMPTEFNTFONFNPSJBEFBMHVJFOw
)DUPS
QPSBIPSB
OPTBCFDNPUSBEVDJSFTUFFTGVFS[P
i%JDFORVFIBZVONPUJWPRVFOPTIBDFDSFBSZVOICJUP
RVFOPTIBDFTFHVJS&MICJUPQPSBIPSBNFBZVEBBTFHVJSw
2V NT QPEB IBDFS RVF TFHVJS BEFMBOUF QBSB MJNQJBS FM
OPNCSFEFTVIJKPZTVGBNJMJB
QPSRVFiTMPMMPSBSOPOPT
BZVEBCBFOOBEBw %JDFRVFMPWF
RVFQVFEFWFSMPOUJEBNFOUF
GVFSUF
KPWFO
4VEFTFPFTRVFMBFTDVFMBDSF[DBZFOFMGVUVSPPDVQFUPEP QPTJCMFBO5BOEJFTUSPDPOFMCBMO
UBOQFSTFWFSBOUFUBDMF
FMQSFEJPRVFIPZDPNQBSUFDPOTVUBMMFSZMBDBTBGBNJMJBS DPOTVONFSPFOMBFTQBMEB
RVFDVBOEPTVFRVJQP
MPT
5PEPMPIJDJNPTiBWBMPSNFYJDBOP
DPOFMDPSBKF
MBBNCJ +BHVBSFTEFM$#5JT
MPHSBJHVBMBSFMNBSDBEPSDPOUSB
DJOZFMDBSJPQPSNJIJKPw
EJDF MPT *OEJPT EF MB "VUOPNB EF $JVEBE +VSF[ FO FM MUJNP
)DUPS 4ODIF[ FTQFSB RVF FM $FOUSP EF &EVDBDJO Z DVBSUPEFMKVFHPOBMQBSBPCUFOFSFM5B[O+VSF[i*OHFOJF
$BQBDJUBDJO i+FUISP 3BNTTT 4ODIF[ 4BOUBOBw QVFEB SP.JHVFM1SPOFw
"ESJO$BEFOBJODMVTPMMFHBBHSJUBS
FOUSF
BSSBODBS DPO TVT DVSTPT EF JONFEJBUP QBSB WFS BMM NVMUJ MHSJNBT
FMOPNCSFEFTVIJKP
QMJDBEPBTVIJKP `#JFO
CJFO
CJFO
NVDIBDIPTyCJFO3PESJHP
3PESJHPOPFTUFOFMDBNQP
FMQPQVMBShoyodomeEFMB
[POB EFM $IBNJ[BM /P IB FTUBEP BI EFTEF BRVFMMB OPDIF
EFFOFSPEFDVBOEPGVFBTFTJOBEP
FOMBDPMPOJB7J
MMBTEF4BMWSDBS
KVOUPDPOPUSPTKWFOFTRVFCBJMBCBOZ
SFBOFOVOBFTUBEFDVNQMFBPTFOMBRVFUBNCJOFTUBCB
+VBO$BSMPT.FESBOP
NBSJTDBMEFDBNQPEF+BHVBSFT
1FSPTVDFEFRVFFOFTFUFSSFHBMIVOEJEPRVFGVFBDPOEJ
DJPOBEPDPNPDBODIBEFKVFHPIBDFNTEFTFJTBPT
NVZ
252 253
QSYJNPBMUFSSJUPSJPFTUBEPVOJEFOTF
TVQBESFBOMFHSJUB BMB1FESP*OGBOUFZVOOJNPJOBHPUBCMF
KVWFOJM
SFDJP
RVF
%JDFRVFMPIBTFHVJEPIBDJFOEPEFTEFBRVFMMBOPDIFFORVF MPIBDFDPSSFS
HSJUBS
EFNBOEBSFTGVFS[P
QFSPMPFOWVFMWFFO
EFDJEJNBOUFOFSWJWPFMFTQSJUVEF3PESJHPBUSBWTEFMJN VODFMPGOEFDBNBSBEFSB
QVMTPBMBRVFFSBTVNBZPSQBTJOFMGVUCPMBNFSJDBOP $VBOEPPDVSSJMBNBTBDSF
DVBOEPTVFRVJQPTFEFSSVN
:RVFFODBEBKVFHP
FODBEBUSJVOGPPEFSSPUB
QBSBMIBZ C QPS MB NVFSUF EF TVT JOUFHSBOUFT Z MBT IFSJEBT EF PUSPT
NVDIPNTRVFTMPVOHSVQPEFNVDIBDIPTQFSTJHVJFOEP DJODP
1BQ5POLBEFDJEJBGSPOUBSFMUFSSPSEFMBNVFSUFDPO
VOCBMOIBZVONPNFOUPJOTVTUJUVJCMF
FOFMRVFTVIJKP VOFTQSJUVEFWJEB
WVFMWFBWJWJS -BNVFSUFFTJONJOFOUF
QFSPUBNCJOMBWJEBMFTEJKP
TUFFTFMFRVJQPFOFMRVFEFCFSBFTUBSNJNVDIBDIP BTVTNVDIBDIPT
EFWBTUBEPTQPSMBDFSDBOBEFMBUSBHFEJB
&ODBEBVOPEFFTUPTNVDIBDIPTWFPQBSUFEFNJIJKPFT 4VNBZPSQSPF[B
EJDF$BEFOB
GVFIBCFSJOZFDUBEPWJEB
MPRVFNFTJSWFBNDPNPUFSBQJB
QPSRVFZPTRVFBMMF Z EJTDJQMJOB EF SFTQFUP FO VO MVHBS EF NVFSUF Z DBPT %F
HVTUBCBFTUP1PSFTPTJHPUSBCBKBOEPQPSFMFRVJQP
QPSNBO PTDVSJEBE
UFOFSWJWPTVSFDVFSEPEJDFFMTFPS$BEFOB +VTUPEFTQVTEFMBNBTBDSF
DVBOEPMBTBVUPSJEBEFTGF
)PNCSF SPCVTUP
NPSFOP
EF SBTHPT HSVFTPT
NBSDBEPT
EFSBMFT
FODBCF[BEBTQPSFMQSFTJEFOUF'FMJQF$BMEFSO
MMF
QFSP USBUP TVBWF
DPNP VOP EF FTPT DBCBMMFSPT DPSUFTFT EFM HBSPOIBTUB7JMMBTEF4BMWSDBSBPGSFDFSEJTDVMQBTQCMJDBT
TJHMP BOUFSJPS
PCTFSWB EFUFOJEBNFOUF DBEB KVHBEB EFTEF MB QPS IBCFS BSNBEP
B MP UPOUP
RVF MPT DIJDPT BTFTJOBEPT
MOFBNBSDBEBDPODBM FSBOOBSDPUSBDBOUFT
1BQ5POLBTFIJ[PDPOFMNJDSGP
4FDVOEBVOHSJUFSPEFNVDIBDIPTFOFMDBNQPZEFNV OP
QBSBIBDFSVOBQFUJDJOBMNBOEBUBSJPRVFNTQBSFDB
KFSFT
OJPTZIPNCSFTFOMBTHSBEBTEFDFNFOUP FYJHFODJB
4FGSPUBMBTNBOPT
VOQBSEFHSVFTBTZSBTQPTBTNBOPT %FNFBSNBT
TFPS1SFTJEFOUF
QFSPOPEFTBTRVFNB
EFRVJFOUSBCBKBDPONRVJOBT
FJOUFSDBNCJBNJSBEBTDPO UBO
EFNFBSNBTEFTBTRVFEBOWJEB
EFNFFTQBDJPTQCMJ
FMDPBDIEFMFRVJQP
1BQ5POLBMFMMBNBOUPEPT
BVORVFTV DPT
EFNFFTUPEJKPTFBMBOEPBMDBNQPEFGVUCPM
ZEF
OPNCSFFT%BOJFM(BMMFHPT&OUPODFT
FMTFPS$BEFOBEJDF FTUPWBNPTBTBDBSNVDIPTKWFOFT
MFTFMWFSEBEFSPISPF$VBOEPMBTUJNBSPOBOVFTUSPT 5PEBWBJOTJTUJ
NVDIBDIPT
BTJFUFEFMPTOVFTUSPT EPTNVDIBDIPTNVFSUPT
TUBT TPO MBT BSNBT RVF RVFSFNPT
QPSRVF TBCFNPT
DJODPNTIFSJEPT
RVJFOFTMPHSBSPOTBMWBSTVTWJEBT
QFOTB RVFFTNVDIPUSBCBKP
QFSPTBCFNPTRVFDPOVOKPWFORVF
NPTRVFFSBFMOEF+BHVBSFT
RVFOBEJFJCBBRVFSFSKVHBS NBOUFOHBNPTBRVFODVBMRVJFSEJTDJQMJOB
TBCFNPTRVFFTF
DPOOPTPUSPT KPWFOOPWBBUFOFSQSPCMFNBT
1BQ5POLBFTVOIPNCSFEFCBKBFTUBUVSB
NVTDVMPTP
EF $BTJEFMBOBEB
FMFYKVHBEPSEFBNFSJDBOP
QSPGFTPSEFM
OBSJ[BHVJMFBZPKPTNVZQFRVFPT
DMBSPT5JFOFVOCJHPUF $#5*4
DPNFO[BJNQVMTBSTVJEFB
RVFGVFTFDVOEBEBQPS
254 255
MPTQBESFTEFVOONFSPNBZPSEFDIJDPTZDIJDBTQJEJSF 6OBQSPF[BEJGDJMEFFOUFOEFSTJTFEFTDPOPDFFMDPOUFYUP
DVSTPTQBSBJODSFNFOUBSFMONFSPEFTFTJPOFTEFBNFSJDBOP BDUVBMEF$JVEBE+VSF[
VOBDJVEBEDPOVOFTUJNBEPEF
FOFM$#5*4FJNQVMTMBDSFBDJOEFPUSBTEPTEJWJTJPOFT
CBOEBT KVWFOJMFT
JOUFHSBEBT FO TV NBZPSB QPS KWFOFT EF
JOGBOUJMZGFNFOJM
QBSBRVFMPTOJPTEFTEFMPTBPTZMBT FOUSFZBPT
DVZBQSJODJQBMBDUJWJEBE
FONVDIPTEFMPT
NVKFSFTTFTVNBSBOBMEFQPSUF DBTPT
FTMBWFOUBEFNBSJHVBOBPEFUPEBMBHBNBEFESPHBTTJO
"MNJTNPUJFNQPZDBTJFOQBSBMFMP
FMTFPS$BEFOBZMPT UUJDBT
QPSMBRVFSFDJCFOFOUSFZEPTNJMQFTPTTFNBOBMFT
QBESFTEF.FESBOP
MPTEPT+BHVBSFTNVFSUPTFO7JMMBTEF4BM "DPOUSBQFMPEFMBTNJTNBTBVUPSJEBEFT
FMDPBDIZFMTFPS
WSDBS
DSFBSPOVOBBTPDJBDJODJWJM
+BHVBSFTKWFOFTEFCJFO $BEFOB
KVOUPDPOMPTQBESFTEFMPTKWFOFT+BHVBSFT
QSPNP
"$
DPO FM PCKFUJWP EF USBUBS EF SFDVQFSBS FM UFKJEP TPDJBM WJFSPO MB DSFBDJO EF VO DBNQP EFQPSUJWP FO FM DPSB[O EF
SPUPFO$JVEBE+VSF[NFEJBOUFBDUJWJEBEFTGBNJMJBSFTZEF 7JMMBTEF4BMWSDBS
FMFQJDFOUSPEFTVUSBHFEJB
DPOFMPCKFUJWP
TPMJEBSJEBETPDJBM EFGPNFOUBSFMEFQPSUFFOMB[POB
-FTFOTFBNPTWBMPSFT
UPEPTMPTWBMPSFT
QBSBTBMJSEFFTUB )PZ
BMPTKVHBEPSFTEFEJTUJOUBTDBUFHPSBTRVFUFOBO
CBTVSB3FTQFUPBMPUSP
EJHOJEBE
IPOFTUJEBE
RVFTFQBORVF FO
TFIBOTVNBEPPUSPT
EFTEFMPTIBTUBMPT
HBOBSQPSHBOBSOPFTVOPCKFUJWP4JWBNPTBTBMJSEFFTUP
BPT
JODMVZFOEPBMBTKVHBEPSBTEFMQSJNFSFRVJQPGFNFOJM
RVFTFBDPOOVFTUSPTNFKPSFTIPNCSFTEJDF1BQ5POLB RVJFOFTBEFNTEFKVHBS
QBSUJDJQBOFOMBTBDUJWJEBEFTTPDJBMFT
$VBOEP MPT DIBWPT TF RVFEBSPO TJO SFDVSTPT
QPSRVF MB RVFMMFWBBDBCPMBBTPDJBDJOZTFJNQSFHOBOEFMBMPTPGBEF
DJVEBE TF WPMWJ VO GBOUBTNB TJO JOHSFTPT TVDJFOUFT
FM SFTQFUPZMFHBMJEBERVFJOUFOUBOJNQSJNJSMFTVTPSHBOJ[BEPSFT
DPBDIEPOVOUFSSFOPQFSTPOBMFOVOBDPMPOJBEFMBQFSJGF "MHPEFYJUPQVEPIBCFSUFOJEPFMFTGVFS[PEFUPEPTFMMPT
SJBEFMBDJVEBE
DPNPBNJOVUPTFOBVUPEFM$#5*4
QBSB EJDFFMTFPS$BEFOB
TJHOJDBUJWPFOVOBDJVEBEEPOEFMB
BCSJSVODFOUSPEFMBWBEPEFBVUPT
$BSXBTI+BHVBSFT
RVFMPT MVDIBQPSEFSSPUBSBMSJWBMDPOWJSUJFODBSOJDFSBMPRVFGVF
NJTNPTKVHBEPSFTIBDFOGVODJPOBSFOTVTSBUPTMJCSFT VOBDJVEBECPZBOUF
QMFUSJDBEFWJEB
5VSOOEPTFFOKPSOBEBTEFNFEJBNBBOBPNFEJBUBSEF
&OMPTMUJNPTNJOVUPTEFMKVFHPOBMDPOUSBMPT*OEJPT
TFHOUJFOFOOFDFTJEBEEFQBHBSBMHOWJBKFEFQSDUJDBT
KV EF MB "VUOPNB
MPT +BHVBSFT TF BQPEFSBO EFM CBMO Z TPO
HBS BMHO DBNQFPOBUP
DPNQMFUBS MB DPMFHJBUVSB
DPNQSBS TVKFUPTEFVOKVFHPTVDJPRVFPCMJHBBVOPEFMPTTVZPTBTFS
NBUFSJBMEFBMHVOBNBUFSJBFTDPMBSPJODMVTPTJRVJFSFOUSBFS TBDBEPFOBNCVMBODJB&TBKVHBEBMFTDVFTUBFMDBNQFPOBUP
FGFDUJWP FO MB CPMTB
MPT NVDIBDIPT MMFHBO BM carwash Z TF QFSPMFTTJHOJDBVOSFDPOPDJNJFOUPJOFTQFSBEPFMUSPGFPBM
QPOFOBDIBNCFBS FRVJQPDPOFMKVFHPMJNQJPNTFKFNQMBS
-BTHBOBODJBT
EFTQVTEFMQBHPEFBHVB
MV[ZTFSWJDJPT
2VJFOSFDJCFFMQSFNJP
3BM1BSSB
FTVONVDIBDIPEF
TPOOUFHSBTQBSBFMMPTZTVTOFDFTJEBEFT:NBOUJFOFOFMOF BPT
NBSJTDBMEFDBNQPEFMFRVJQP
RVFIPZPTUFOUBFMMJ
HPDJPWJHFOUFDBTJTJOTVQFSWJTJOBEVMUB EFSB[HPRVFVOBWF[UVWJFSPO3PESJHP$BEFOBZ+VBO$BSMPT
256 257
.FESBOP2VFJNQVMTBMBTKVHBEBT
RVFHSJUB
RVFPSHBOJ[B
BUBRVFT
RVFSFWJFOUBKVHBEBTEFMBEWFSTBSJP
RVFTFTBDVEFFM
TVEPSZTJHVFDPSSJFOEP
$VBOEPFMTFPS$BEFOBMPPCTFSWB
NFDPNFOUB
$VBOEPMPWFPDPSSFS
BWFDFTNFSFDVFSEBBNJNV
DIBDIP
/P FT TMP TV QBTJO QPS FM KVFHP 4V NBOFSB EF QFMFBS
FM CBMO Z TV GPSNB EF DPSSFS &M NVDIBDIP MMFWB DPOTJHP
DJDBUSJDFT6OBFOMBQJFSOBEFSFDIB
RVFMFDSV[BFMNVTMPEF
VOMBEPBMPUSP0USBFOMBQBOUPSSJMMBEFSFDIBZVOBNTFO
FMQJF5BNCJOFTUBCBBRVFMMBOPDIFFO7JMMBTEF4BMWSDBS
4PONJTDJDBUSJDFTEJDFFMNVDIBDIPDVBOEPMFQSF
HVOUP4POSF2VJOTBCFQPSRV
QFSPTPOSF
&MTFPS$BEFOBMPBCSB[B4FHVSBNFOUFWFFOMPTPKPTEF
3BM BMHVOB FYQSFTJO
BMHO HVJP
BMHO WFTUJHJP RVF MF
EFWVFMWFB3PESJHP"TVIJKP
258
/
5
Cristina Rivera Garza
&
Thelma Gmez Durn
7
Alberto Njar
-
Daniela Pastrana
5
Marcela Turati
5
John Gibler
-
Vanessa Job
&
Lydiette Carrin
-
Luis Guillermo Hernndez
-
Daniela Rea
6
Elia Baltazar
6
Luis Guillermo Hernndez
Entre las cenizasTFUFSNJOEFJNQSJNJSFO
MBDJVEBEEF0BYBDBEF+VSF[FOOPWJFNCSFEF
QPDPBOUFTEFRVFUFSNJOBSBFMTFYFOJPEF'FMJQF$BMEFSO
MTFWB
QFSPTFRVFEBONJMFTEFNVFSUPTZ
FOUSFFTPT
NVFSUPT
NVDIBTIJTUPSJBTRVFBRVFTUO
DPNPGPHBUBT
PGSFDJFOEPGVFHP
MV[ZDPCJKP
&MUJSBKFEFFTUFMJCSPDPOTUBEFNJMFKFNQMBSFT