Food Security Situation

in
Nepal

ARUN GC
College of Agriculture and Life Science
Kyungpook National University
Daegu, South Korea
 Outline ofContent
Presentation
2

Background information of Nepal

Agriculture in Nepal

Food Security: Definition, Dimension

and Measurement in Nepal

Current Food Security Situation of

Nepal

Acute Vs Chronic Food Security

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 Background
information of Nepal

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 Nepal in Map
4

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 Nepal in Picture
5

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 World Cultural Heritages in Nepal
World Heritages
6 in Nepal

Cultural (2)
Kathmandu Valley (1979)
Lumbini, the Birthplace of the
Lord Buddha (1997)
Natural (2)
Chitwan National Park (1984)
Sagarmatha National Park
(1979)

(source:http://whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/np)
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Background Information
7
Background Information:
Landlocked country sandwiched between
China and India.
Country of Mt. Everest which contains eight
of world's 10 highest peaks and birth place
of Lord Buddha.
Total Area: 148,181 Sq. Km; Population: 28
Million with GR of 1.34 %
Agriculture in GDP: 1/3 and population
engagement: 2/3
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Background Information
8
Background
Nepal has Information:.
Three ecological belts:

Himalaya: 51,817

Hill: 61,345 and

Terai: 34,019 Sq KM

Total cultivated land: 3,091,000 ha

Nepal become member of WTO in 2004.

Major trade occurs between Nepal and India

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 Administrative Division

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 Administrative Division

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 Federal Structure

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Topographic Map of Nepal

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 Agriculture
in
Nepal
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 Cereal crop production
(2014/15)
14

Buckwheat

Barley

Wheat

Millet

Maize

Paddy

0 1000000 2000000 3000000 4000000 5000000

Production (mt.) Area (ha.)
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 Some other important Crops,
2014/15
15

250000 Other important crops (2014/15)

200000

150000

100000

50000

0
Lentil Soyabean Tea Cardamom Ginger
(2013/14)
Area (ha.) Production (mt.)

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 Sources of Meat
2014/15
16

Chicken Fish
12% 19% Buff
47%

Goat
16%
Pig
5%
Mutton
1%
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 -1000000
6000000

2000000
4000000

3000000
5000000

0
1000000
7000000

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1989/90
1990/91
1991/92
1992/93
1993/94
1994/95
1995/96
1996/97
1997/98

Production
1998/99
1999/00
2000/01
17

2001/02
2002/03
2003/04

Requirement
2004/05
2005/06
2006/07
2007/08
Balance

2008/09
2009/10
2010/11
2011/12
2012/13R
2013/14R
Food Requirement Vs Production

2014/15P
 0
2000000
3000000
4000000
6000000

1000000
5000000

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1990/91
1991/92
1992/93
1993/94
1994/95
1995/96
1996/97
1997/98
1998/99
1999/00

AREA
2000/01
18

2001/02
2002/03
2003/04

PROD.
2004/05
2005/06
2006/07
2007/08
2008/09
2009/10
Paddy Production Trend

2010/11
2011/12
2012/13
2013/14
2014/15
 Food Security:
Definition, Dimension
and Measurement in
Nepal

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Among around 2 million living beings in this

universe, human is only one such advanced

creature who use money and die of hunger.

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 Food Security..
21
Until few years back, Food security meant
Few years
Food availability ago;
through inproduction
own Nepal
So MoAD started to calculate Food Balance
Sheet (FBS)
First Component was the Availability
Production Estimate of 5/6 major Cereal
Crops
Paddy
Maize
Wheat
Millet
Barley
Buckwheat;
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 Definition
22

A situation that exists when all people, at all

times, have physical, social and economic
access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food
that meets their dietary needs and food
preferences for an active and healthy life.
food availability, economic and physical
access to food, food utilization and stability
over time
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 Dimensions of FS
23

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 Food requirement per person per day(ICMR 1985)
Food group 24Requirement in gm*

Cereals ICMR Recommendations400-650

Pulses 55-80
Green vegetables 100-125
Roots and tubers 75-100
Other vegetables 75-100
Fruits 30
Milk 100-200
Meat or fish 30
Egg 30
Sugar 30-55
Fats and oil
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 Recent Earthquake in
Nepal
On 25 April (M 7.8) and 12 May (M 7.3)2015,

9,000 people lost life, 22,500 injured

losses are estimated at US$7 billion

while 700,000 people have been pushed into poverty

as a result of the disaster, especially in remote areas

near the quake epicenters.

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Food Security Situation of Nepal

FSB_47_English.pdf

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Food Security Phase Classification Reference Table
29

Five Phases IPC

phase 1 phase 2 phase 3 phase 4 phase 5

Highly
severly food
food
insecure
Generally insecure Humanitarian
Generally (acute food
food (starting emergency or
Food secure and
insecure affecting catastrophe
livelihood
livelihood
crisis)
assets)

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 Indicators for Acute food security analysis
30

1. Crop 6. Market price of rice

production/situation 7. Natural disasters
2. HHs food stocks 8.Out-migration
3. Stock of staples in 9. Coping
market 10. Acute child
4. wage employment malnutrition status
opportunities within 11. Disease
district or neighboring
VDC 12. Civil security
5. Sale of NTFP, cash
crops, other agr.
Products, livestock

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 Current Institutional
Framework 31
National Planning Commission
Nepal Food Security and Nutrition Coordination Committee

MoAD CBS MoCS Mo MoHP NRB

Monitorin Key
Env. HMIS Monitorin
NFC DHM
g of surveys g of
Key Stakeholders

Monitoring Unit
Nepal Food Security

Growth
(NeKSAP)

Stocks
Crop NLSS Weathe monitorin Economic
Market Labour Subsidiz r g s and
and force ed rice Disease financial
Price provisio
reports Epidemics indicators
Census
Livestoc n NDHS
k

District Food Security Network

(DAO, DADO, DDC,DHO, DLSO, WCO, NGOs,
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 Chronic Food Insecurity
32

Conditions of persistent inability

to meet minimum quality and
quantity of food consumption
requirements as is evident even in
the absence of a shock/hazard IPC V2

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 Major Indicators
33

Livelihood
I. Ownership of production assets (Assets refers to land,
water, finance, extension service, equipments, forest, with
specific focus on women)
I.Access/ Market
I. Prices (staple food, price trend)
II.Disaster and climate change
I. Drought
II. Flood / Landslide
III. Number of food groups consumed

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 Nutrition, Health and WASH
34

I. Type of water source

II. Access to improved sanitation
facilities
III. Percentage of population under the
national poverty level
IV. Underweight
V. Stunting
VI. BMI<18.5
VII. Anemia
VIII. IMR
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 Agriculture
35
I. Food Consumption Score (FCS)
II. Household Dietary Diversity Score (HDDS)
III. Copying Strategy Index (CSI)
IV. Food balance sheet
V. Production Figures
VI. Proportion of population unable to access a basic
consumption basket during the analysis period
(Poverty or food poverty line)
VII.Percentage of income spent on food (for the
poorest quintile)
VIII.Household food stocks
IX. Access to agriculture /input seeds/fertilizer and
irrigation

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 Phase Classification
36

Level 1: Level 2: Level 3: Level 4:

Low Chronic Moderate Chronic High Chronic Very High Chronic
Food Insecurity Food Insecurity Food Insecurity Food Insecurity
Considering recent Considering recent Considering recent Considering
normal years, less normal years, 10 to normal years, 20 to normal years,
than 10% of the 20% of the HHs do 40% of the HHs do more than 40%
HHs do not have not have adequate not have adequate of the HHs do
adequate quantity quantity and quality quantity and not have
and quality of food of food throughout quality of food adequate
throughout the the year; throughout the quantity and
year; OR year; quality of food
AND The area has had OR throughout the
The area has not occasional Acute The area has had year;
had recurrent Food Security Phase frequent Acute OR
Acute Food 4 or 5 (or Food Security The area has
Security Phase 4 equivalent) in the Phase 4 or 5 (or had very
or 5 (or past 10 years. equivalent) in the frequent Acute
equivalent) in the past 10 years. Food Security
past 10 years. Phase 4 or 5 (or
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past 10 years
 Thank you
Je vous remercie
Asante Ndatenda

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