ECONO

MIC
PERFOR
MANCE
 OF
PNOY
( 2010
2016 )
MARL AERON T. ORTIZ
9 TECHVOC
 MRS. AIREEN ZIPAGAN

I. INTRODUCTI
ON

THIS IS ALL ABOUT THE

PERFORMANCE OF THE
ECONOMIC OF THE
PHILIPPINE UNDER THE
ADMINISTRATION OF
PRESIDENT BENIGNO SIMEON
NOYNOY COJUANGCO
 TH
AQUINO III, THE 15
PRESIDENT OF THE
PHILIPPINES.

IT TELLS WHAT HAPPEN TO

THE ECONOMY OF THE
PHILIPPINE IN THE YEAR OF
2010 TO 2016.

THIS RESEARCH PAPER

CONTAINS ALL THE
PERCENTAGE IN DIFFERENT
PILLAR OF ECONOMY OF THE
COUNTRY
II. TABLE OF
CONTENT
GLOSARY
RESOURCES
...INFLATION RATE
GDP
GNP
CPI
EMPLOYMENT,
UNEMPLOYMENT AND
UNDER EMPLOYMENT RATE
FUNCTIONAL LITERACY
LITERACY RATE
ABLE TO READ AND WRITE
PPP ( PESO PURCHASING
POWER )

III.GLOSSARY
INFLATION - Inflation is defined as a sustained increase in the general level
of prices for goods and services. It is measured as an annual percentage increase.
As inflation rises, every dollar you own buys a smaller percentage of a good or
service.

GDP - The gross domestic product (GDP) is one of the primary indicators used to
gauge the health of a country's economy. It represents the total dollar value of all
goods and services produced over a specific time period; you can think of it as the
size of the economy.

GNP - The gross domestic product (GDP) is one of the primary indicators used to
gauge the health of a country's economy. It represents the total dollar value of all
goods and services produced over a specific time period; you can think of it as the
size of the economy.

CPI - A consumer price index (CPI) measures changes in the price level of market
basket of consumer goods and services purchased by households.

UNEMPLOYMENT - The unemployment rate is a measure of the

prevalence of unemployment and it is calculated as a percentage by dividing the
number of unemployed individuals by all individuals currently in the labor force.
During periods of recession, an economy usually experiences a relatively high
unemployment rate.

UNDER-EMPLOYMENT Labor that falls under

the underemployment classification includes those workers who are highly skilled but
working in low paying jobs, workers who are highly skilled but working in low skill jobs
and part-time workers who would prefer to be full time.

EMPLOYMENT - Employment is a relationship between two parties, usually based

on a contract where work is paid for, where one party, which may be a corporation, for profit, not-
for-profit organization, co-operative or other entity is the employer and the other is the employee.

LITERATE - (of a person) able to read and write. Or educated

FUNCTIONAL LITERACY - A term initially defined for UNESCO by
William S. Gray (The Teaching of Reading and Writing, 1956, p. 21) as the training of
adults to 'meet independently the reading and writing demands placed on them'.

IV.
RESOURCES
 PSA.GOV.P
H
GOV.PH
DATA.GOV.
PH
INFLATION
RATE
Year-on-Year Inflation Rates in
the Philippines, All Items
January 2011 - December 2016
(2006=100)
Year
Month
20 20 20 20 20 20
11 12 13 14 15 16
Januar 4.0 4.0 3. 4.
2.4 1.3
y 1 2
Februa 4.
4.7 2.7 3.4 2.5 0.9
ry 1
March 4.9 2.6 3.2 3.9 2.4 1.1
April 4.7 3.0 2.6 4.1 2.2 1.1
May 4.9 3.0 2.6 4.5 1.6 1.6
2.
June 5.2 2.9 4.4 1.2 1.9
7
July 4.9 3.2 2.5 4.9 0.8 1.9
August 4.6 3.8 2.1 4.9 0.6 1.8
Septe
4.7 3.7 2.7 4.4 0.4 2.3
mber
Octobe
5.2 3.2 2.9 4.3 0.4 2.3
r
Novem
4.7 2.8 3.3 3.7 1.1 2.5
ber
Decem
4.2 3.0 4.1 2.7 1.5 2.6
ber
Averag
4.6 3.2 3.0 4.1 1.4 1.8
e
 2010
The countrys average annual headline inflation rate for the year 2010 was 3.8 percent
compared to 3.2 percent a year ago.

2011
The average annual headline inflation rate at the national level for the year 2011 was
higher at 4.8 percent compared to 3.8 percent in 2010.

2012
The annual average headline inflation rate in the Philippines for the year 2012 went
down to 3.2 percent from 4.6 percent in 2011.

2013
The country's annual average headline inflation for the year 2013 slowed to 3.0 percent
from 3.2 percent in 2012.

2014
The country's annual headline inflation continued to move at a slower pace of 2.7
percent in December. Last month, it was registered at 3.7 percent and in December
2013, 4.1 percent. The slowdown resulted primarily from the annual decreases in the
indices of housing, water, electricity, gas and other fuels and transport. Contributing also
to the downtrend were the lower annual increments in the indices of food and non-
alcoholic beverages; alcoholic beverages and tobacco; furnishing, household equipment
and routine maintenance of the house; health; and recreation and culture.

2015
The Philippines year-on-year headline inflation increased to 1.5 percent in December. It
was recorded at 1.1 percent last month and 2.7 percent in the same period last year.
Higher annual rates were registered in the indices of alcoholic beverages and tobacco;
health; transport; and recreation and culture.
 2016
The Philippines year-on-year headline inflation inched up 2.6 percent in December
2016. It was registered at 2.5 percent last month and 1.5 percent in December 2015.
This was primarily due to higher annual increment recorded in the heavily-weighted food
and non-alcoholic beverages index. Higher annual rates posted in the indices of transport
and recreation and culture also contributed to the uptrend.
 GROSS
DOMESTIC
PRODUCT
Year GDP GDP (for the Quarte GDP (for the
Target* year) r quarter)
Q1 5.0

Q2 5.8
2015 7.0 8.0 5.8
Q3 6.0

Q4 6.3

Q1 6.0

Q2 6.4
2014 6.5 7.5 6.1
Q3 5.3

Q4 6.9

Q1 7.7
2013 6.0 7.0 7.2 Q2 7.6
Q3 6.9
Q4 6.5
Q1 6.5
2012 5.0 6.0 6.8 Q2 6.3
Q3 7.3
Q4 7.1
Q1 4.6
2011 5.0 6.0 3.7 Q2 3.2
 Q3 3.0
Q4 3.8
Q1 8.4
2010 5.0 7.7 Q2 8.9
Q3 7.3
Q4 6.1

For the last quarter of 2015, the

Philippines increased its Gross
Domestic Product (GDP) by
6.3%. GDP measures a countrys total
economic production and
performance. It reflects the total
market value of all the goods and
services produced by the economy at
a certain period. A higher growth rate
means a healthier economy; a
healthier economy means more
investments and a higher
employment rate.
Since 2010, the Philippines has
enjoyed satisfactory performance in
terms of GDP, with an average growth
rate of 6.3% from 2010 to 2014.
A yearly 2.5-3.5% GDP growth rate is
good for providing ample growth in
jobs and corporate profits. And for
developing countries like the
Philippines, a huge leap from the
average growth rate helps in
expediting the improvement and
stabilization of the economy.

GROSS
NATIONAL
INCOME
- Net Primary Income for the first quarter
was revised downwards from 2.7 percent to
0.8 percent. This contributed negative 0.35
 percentage point to the downward revision of
Gross National Income from 4.7 percent to 4.2
percent.
- Net Primary Income from the Rest of the
World for the second quarter was revised
upward from 2.2 percent to 3.6 percent. This
contributed 0.22 percentage point to the
upward revision of Gross National Income
from 5.0 percent to 5.4 percent.
- Growth of Net Primary Income from the Rest of
the World for the third quarter remained at 4.7
percent. Similarly, Gross National Income growth
remains unchanged at 5.8 percent.
- Net Primary Income (NPI) for the fourth quarter
was revised upwards from 5.4 percent to 11.5
percent. This contributed 0.92 percentage point
to the upward revision of Gross National Income
(GNI) from 6.2 percent to 7.3 percent.
 CONSUMER
PRICE INDEX
2010
The annual average consumer price index (CPI) in 2010 was registered at 166.1 for the
Philippines, 163.1 for the National Capital Region (NCR) and 167.3 for areas outside NCR
(AONCR).

The overall annual average inflation rate went up by 0.6 percentage point to 3.8 percent
in 2010 from 3.2 percent in 2009 as fuel, light, and water (FLW) and services index
recorded higher annual average rates. The highest annual inflation during the year was
observed in April at 4.5 percent while the lowest was in October at 2.7 percent.

The annual average inflation rate in NCR rose to 4.0 percent in 2010 from 1.6 percent in
2009.

The annual average inflation in AONCR however decelerated to 3.7 percent in 2010 from
3.9 percent in 2009.

Nine regions in AONCR registered lower annual average growth rates with Region VIII
(Eastern Visayas) posting the biggest deceleration of 2.5 percentage points (3.0% from
5.5%). The lowest annual average inflation rate in 2010 was noted in Region I (Ilocos) at
2.5 percent followed by Region VI (Western Visayas) at 2.9 percent while the highest was
in ARMM at 6.0 percent.
At the national level, a double-digit annual average growth was posted in the FLW index
at 13.4 percent in 2010 from -2.6 percent in 2009. Moreover, the services index had a
higher annual average rate at 4.4 percent from -0.2 percent. The rest of the commodity
groups however, have slower annual average increments: Food, beverages and tobacco
(FBT) index, 3.0 percent from 5.8 percent; clothing, 1.9 percent from 2.5 percent;
housing and repairs (H&R), 1.7 percent from 2.9 percent; and miscellaneous items, 1.4
percent from 2.6 percent.

In NCR, annual average inflation for FLW index was also higher at 17.8 percent from -1.4
percent and services, 5.1 percent from -4.0 percent. Meanwhile, annual average gain in
FBT index eased to 1.8 percent from 5.1 percent; clothing, 1.4 percent from 1.5 percent;
H&R, 1.6 percent from 2.8 percent; and miscellaneous items, 0.9 percent from 2.2
percent.

Higher annual average adjustments in AONCR were correspondingly posted in FLW and
services index at 11.0 percent and 4.1 percent from -3.2 percent and 2.0 percent,
respectively. Annual average inflation for FBT index however decelerated to 3.4 percent
from 6.1 percent; clothing, 2.1 percent from 3.0 percent; H&R, 1.8 percent from 2.9
percent; and miscellaneous items, 1.5 percent from 2.7 percent.

The annual average increase in rice index slowed down in the three areas: Philippines,
1.1 percent in 2010 from 7.5 percent in 2009; NCR, 0.3 percent from 3.7 percent; and
AONCR, 1.2 percent from 8.1 percent. The sufficient supply of rice in the markets
particularly during the harvest season of palay in May, June, October and November
generally pulled down its prices during these periods. Moreover, the big volume of sales
of the low-priced NFA rice in NCR markets in September contributed to the downtrend.
The lowest annual average inflation for rice index at -1.0 percent was noted in Region I
(Ilocos).

With thirteen regions posting negative and slower annual average rates, the corn index
in the Philippines and AONCR correspondingly dropped by -1.8 percent and -2.0 percent
in 2010 from 6.1 percent in 2009. Region X (Northern Mindanao) had the lowest inflation
rate of -6.6 percent. On the contrary, the annual increment in corn index in NCR jumped
to 15.2 percent from 6.1 percent.
 The rise in the prices of flour and flour products raised the annual average inflation of
the cereal preparations index in the Philippines by 3.2 percent; NCR, 2.0 percent; and
AONCR, 3.7 percent. These were however, slower than their corresponding previous
years annual average growths of 7.4 percent, 6.1 percent and 7.9 percent.

The annual increment in the dairy products index decelerated in the three areas:
Philippines, 1.7 percent from 6.3 percent; NCR, 1.4 percent from 5.1; and AONCR, 1.9
percent from 6.7 percent. This was due to the deceleration in the upward annual price
adjustments in the prices of milk and milk products.

Limited supply of eggs in the markets due to its lower production and decreases in the
number of chicken layers raised the annual average growth of the eggs index in the
Philippines at 2.7 percent; NCR, 1.0 percent; and AONCR, 3.3 percent. These were
however, slower than their respective last years annual average rates at 6.8 percent,
7.5 percent and 6.5 percent.

The good weather conditions during the months of February to July favored fishermen in
catching fish. This resulted to ample supply of fish in the markets. Thus, the annual
average increment of the fish index in 2010 eased to 3.1 percent in the three areas
compared to the 2009 annual average rates of 6.1 percent in the Philippines, 3.6 percent
in NCR, and 6.6 percent in AONCR.

The change in climate experienced in June lowered the production of vegetables.

Moreover, the lean month of June in the production of onions and tomatoes also limited
their supply in the markets. Prices of vegetables were priced also higher in those areas
affected by typhoon Basyang in July. The inclement weather brought by the effects of
typhoon Juan in October and its adverse effects in November reduced volume of
deliveries of vegetables particularly those low-land grown vegetables or those that go
into pinakbet dish in NCR markets, thereby causing their prices to increase. On the
other hand, prices of vegetables were lower during the months of January, February,
March, September and December as deliveries in the markets more than filled the
consumption requirements of the consumers. The sufficient supplies of fruits generally
observed also contributed to the downtrend during these period. These mixed price
trends pushed down the annual movement in the fruits and vegetables index in NCR by
-3.2 percent from 7.8 percent. The annual average upward adjustment of the groups
index in the Philippines was also slower at 0.5 percent from 5.9 percent and in AONCR,
1.7 percent from 5.3 percent.

The ample supply of chicken in the markets generally observed during year primarily
slowed down the annual average inflation for the meat index in the Philippines at 4.1
percent in 2010 from 5.4 percent in 2009, NCR, 2.8 percent from 4.8 percent, and
AONCR, 4.6 percent from 5.8 percent. The biggest slowdown of 4.5 percentage points
(2.7% from 7.2%) was registered in Region VI (Western Visayas). The same region also
posted the lowest annual rate among the regions in AONCR.

Price mark-ups in sugar, cooking oil, and selected spices and seasonings triggered higher
annual average inflation in the miscellaneous foods index in the Philippines at 6.4
percent in 2010 from 4.3 percent in 2009 and AONCR at 7.7 percent from 3.8 percent. In
NCR, the groups index moved up at a slower pace of 3.1 percent from 5.4 percent.
 Improved annual average increments registered in all the commodity groups
except in FLW and services index generally pulled down the regional inflation
rates in 2010.

Except in Region XII (SOCCSKSARGEN), the annual gains in the FBT index were slower in
all the regions including NCR. The lowest annual average growth in the groups index at
1.4 percent was seen in Region I (Ilocos) while the highest was observed in ARMM at 6.0
percent.

Among the food groups, the lowest annual inflation was posted in corn index at -1.8
percent in the Philippines and -2.0 percent in AONCR. The highest annual average
inflation however was registered in the miscellaneous foods index at 6.4 percent in the
Philippines and 7.7 percent in AONCR. In NCR, the lowest annual rate of -3.2 percent was
noted in fruits and vegetables index while the highest annual inflation was in corn index
at 15.2 percent.

Slower annual price hikes in footwear and selected ready-made apparel pulled down the
annual average inflation of the clothing index in the three areas: Philippines, 1.9 percent
from 2.5 percent; NCR, 1.4 percent from 1.5 percent; and AONCR, 2.1 percent from 3.0
percent. Among the regions in AONCR, the lowest annual average rate in 2010 was in
Region VIII (Eastern Visayas) at 0.6 percent while the highest was in ARMM at 4.3
percent.

Annual increases in the prices of selected construction materials and annual upward
movements in rental rates generally slowed down during the year. Thus, the annual
average growths in the H&R index in the Philippines and AONCR eased to 1.7 percent
and 1.8 percent, respectively in 2010 from 2.9 percent in 2009 and in NCR, 1.6 percent
from 2.8 percent. The lowest annual rate was observed in Region IX (Zamboanga
Peninsula) at 0.4 percent while the highest annual growth was in Region IV-B (MIMAROPA)
at 3.9 percent.

Higher charges in electricity rates and price hikes in LPG and kerosene raised the annual
average of the FLW index in the three areas: Philippines, 13.4 percent from -2.6 percent;
NCR, 17.8 percent from -1.4 percent; and AONCR, 11.0 percent from -3.2 percent. Among
the regions in AONCR, the highest annual average rate of 18.4 percent was noted in
ARMM with Region VII (Central Visayas) recording the biggest annual average gain of
21.3 percentage points (16.9% from -4.4%).

The annual average movement in the services index in the Philippines grew by 4.4
percent in 2010 from -0.2 percent in 2009; NCR, 5.1 percent from -4.0 percent; and
AONCR, 4.1 percent from 2.0 percent. This was brought about by the acceleration in
prices of gasoline and diesel nationwide and tuition fee hikes in selected regions. The
biggest annual average increase of 6.3 percentage points (5.7% from -0.6%) was noticed
in Region IV-A (CALABARZON). The same region also had highest annual average rate
(5.7%) posted during the year.

Compared to 2009, slower annual price gains in selected items for household furnishings
and equipment, household operations and personal care and effects resulted to
deceleration in the annual average inflation for miscellaneous items index in the three
areas: Philippines, 1.4 percent from 2.6 percent; NCR, 0.9 percent from 2.2 percent; and
AONCR, 1.5 percent from 2.7 percent. The lowest annual growth of 0.3 percent was seen
 in Region VIII (Eastern Visayas) while the highest rate was observed in Region IV-B
(MIMAROPA) at 2.7 percent.

2011 2012
The annual average consumer price index (CPI) in 2012 was pegged at 130.1 for the
Philippines, 124.4 for the National Capital Region (NCR) and 131.9 for areas outside NCR
(AONCR).
The national annual average inflation rate decelerated to 3.2 percent in 2012 from 4.6
percent in 2011. It resulted from the slowdowns in the annual average rates of the
indices of food and non-alcoholic beverages; alcoholic beverages and tobacco; housing,
water, electricity, gas, and other fuels; health; transport; and education. The lowest
annual average inflation during the year was observed in March at 2.6 percent while the
highest was in January at 4.0 percent.

The annual average inflation rate in NCR eased to 2.9 percent in 2012 from 4.0 percent
in 2011.
In AONCR, the annual average inflation likewise improved to 3.2 percent in 2012 from 4.9
percent in 2011.
Fourteen regions in AONCR registered slower annual average growth rates with ARMM
posting the biggest deceleration of 3.7 percentage points (3.1% from 6.8%) followed by
Region XI (Davao) at 3.5 percentage points (2.5% from 6.0%). The lowest annual average
inflation was observed in Region I (Ilocos) at 1.6 percent. On the other hand, the highest
annual average inflation was recorded in Region VII (Central Visayas) at 5.1 percent.
Compared to a year ago level, the transport index in the Philippines had the biggest
decrease of 3.7 percentage points in its annual average growth to 2.3 percent in 2012
from 6.0 percent in 2011. Similarly, the annual average inflation of the heavily-weighted
food and non-alcoholic beverages index slipped to 2.3 percent from 5.5 percent;
alcoholic beverages and tobacco index, 5.0 percent from 5.3 percent; housing, water,
electricity, gas and other fuels index, 4.6 percent from 5.2 percent; health index, 3.1
percent from 3.2 percent; and education index, 4.6 percent from 4.7 percent. The annual
average adjustment in the clothing and footwear index however, was higher at 4.6
percent from 3.7 percent; furnishing, household equipment and routine maintenance of
the house index, 3.7 percent from 2.5 percent; recreation and culture index, 2.6 percent
from 1.4 percent; and restaurant and miscellaneous goods and services index, 3.2
percent from 2.8 percent. From a rate of -0.2 percent last year, the annual average
inflation for communication index inched up by 0.1 percent.
In NCR, the annual average gain for food and non-alcoholic beverages index slowed
down to 1.8 percent in 2012 from 4.6 percent in 2011; housing, water, electricity, gas,
and other fuels index, 3.7 percent from 4.3 percent; health index, 2.7 percent from 3.6
percent; transport index, 1.0 percent from 6.1 percent; and education index, 3.4 percent
from 3.8 percent. The rest of the commodity groups had higher annual average rates in
2012.
The annual average increase in food and non-alcoholic beverages index in AONCR
decelerated to 2.5 percent in 2012 from 5.6 percent in 2011; alcoholic beverages and
tobacco index, 5.1 percent from 5.8 percent; housing, water, electricity, gas and other
fuels index, 4.9 percent from 5.5 percent; transport index, 2.7 percent from 6.0 percent;
and education index, 4.9 percent from 5.0 percent. Meanwhile, the rest of the commodity
groups either registered higher annual increments or retained their previous years rate
with the communication index recording a zero percent average rate during the year
from -0.2 percent.

Annual average inflation of the heavily-weighted food and non-alcoholic beverages

index and five other divisions of the CPI were slower in many regions.

The annual average change in the food and non-alcoholic beverages index in 2012 was
slower in all the regions. The lowest annual average growth was in Region III at 1.2
percent while the highest was observed in Region VII at 4.6 percent.
Among the food groups, the lowest annual average change was posted in sugar, jam,
honey, chocolate and confectionery index at -10.6 percent in the Philippines; -10.1 in
NCR; and -10.7 percent in AONCR. On the other hand, the highest annual average
inflation was registered in fish index at 6.6 percent in the Philippines; 4.8 percent in NCR;
and 6.9 percent in AONCR.
 Compared with 2011, the annual average growth of clothing and footwear index
accelerated in the three areas in 2012: Philippines, 4.6 percent from 3.7 percent; NCR,
6.2 percent from 3.3 percent; and AONCR, 4.2 percent from 3.8 percent. Higher prices of
clothing and footwear items were generally observed in many regions. The highest
annual average rate was in Region III at 6.6 percent while the lowest was in Region I at
0.9 percent.
Upward adjustments in the prices of selected household appliances together with
increased salary of household help in some regions effected higher annual average
growth in furnishings, household equipment and routine maintenance of the house index
in the three areas: Philippines, 3.7 percent from 2.5 percent; NCR, 3.2 percent from 1.2
percent; and AONCR, 3.9 percent from 3.0 percent. The highest annual average increase
of 8.7 percent was seen in Region X while the lowest average rate was in Region I at 0.7
percent.
Prices of some medical products, appliances and equipment went up during the period.
Higher charges for medical and hospital services were also noticed in selected regions.
Thus, the health index annual average inflation in 2012 in the Philippines grew by 3.1
percent and in NCR, 2.7 percent. These were slower than their last years corresponding
rates of 3.2 percent and 3.6 percent. In AONCR, price increases of these items resulted to
an annual average rate of 3.1 percent in the groups index, the same growth registered
in 2011. The lowest annual average inflation of 1.5 percent was observed in CAR while
the highest was in Caraga at 5.2 percent.
Lower price increases in gasoline and diesel nationwide resulted to slower annual
average inflation of the transport index in the three areas: Philippines, 2.3 percent from
6.0 percent; NCR, 1.0 percent from 6.1 percent; and AONCR, 2.7 percent from 6.0
percent. Except for Region X, all the regions posted lower annual average growths with
CAR registering the lowest rate of 1.2 percent. The highest annual average inflation
during the year at 5.4 percent was registered in Region X.

2013 - 2014
The annual average consumer price index (CPI) in 2014 was posted at 139.5 for the
Philippines, 130.5 for the National Capital Region (NCR) and 142.4 for areas outside NCR
(AONCR).
The countrys annual average inflation climbed to 4.1 percent in 2014. Its average
inflation in 2013 was registered at 3.0 percent. Higher annual average gains were
recorded in the heavily-weighted food and non-alcoholic beverages index; housing,
water, electricity, gas and other fuels index; health index; transport index; and education
index. The highest inflation during the year 2014 was in July and August at 4.9 percent
while the lowest rate was in December at 2.7 percent.
 All the regions recorded faster annual mark-ups.

The annual average inflation in NCR increased to 3.2 percent in 2014. It was observed at
1.6 percent in 2013.
Likewise, the annual average inflation in AONCR rose 4.5 percent in 2014. Last year, it
was pegged at 3.3 percent.
Among the regions in AONCR, the highest annual average inflation in 2014 was noticed
in Region VIII (Eastern Visayas) at 7.0 percent while the lowest was seen in Region III
(Central Luzon) and Region XI (Davao Region) at 3.6 percent.
By Commodity Group

A faster annual increment in the heavily-weighted food and non-alcoholic

beverages index pushed up the countrys inflation in 2014.

At the national level, the annual average hike in food and non-alcoholic beverages
index was higher at 6.7 percent in 2014; housing, water, electricity, gas and other

fuels index, 2.3 percent; health index, 3.3 percent; transport index, 0.9 percent; and
education index, 4.9 percent. Slowdowns in the annual average increases were
however, posted in all the other commodity groups except in communication index
which had a zero growth.

Similarly, higher annual average growths were noticed in all the commodity groups in
NCR except in the indices of alcoholic beverages and tobacco; furnishing, household
equipment and routine maintenance of the house; and communication. The indices
of alcoholic beverages and tobacco and furnishing, household equipment and routine
maintenance of the house had slower annual average rates of 5.8 percent and 3.6
percent, respectively while the index for communication retained its last years rate
of 0.2 percent.

The food and non-alcoholic beverages index in AONCR registered a higher annual
average uptick at 6.8 percent in 2014. Moreover, faster annual rates were seen in the
 indices of housing, water, electricity, gas, and other fuels and education at 2.7
percent and 4.9 percent, respectively. The annual average movement in the
transport index remained at 0.9 percent while the communication index had a zero
growth. The rest of the commodity groups exhibited lower annual average gains
during the year.

Higher year-on-year growths were observed in food prices in 2014.

The annual average mark-ups in food and non-alcoholic beverages index in 2014 were
higher in all the regions with the highest annual average rate posted in Region VIII
(Eastern Visayas) at 9.3 percent. Meanwhile, CAR had the lowest growth at 4.2 percent.

The general upward adjustments in the prices of rice during the year in all the regions
resulted to double-digit annual average increase of the rice index in the Philippines at
11.6 percent; NCR, 14.4 percent; and in AONCR, 11.3 percent. The highest annual
average uptick in the rice index was still noted in Region V (Bicol Region) at 13.8 percent
while the lowest was in ARMM at 5.5 percent.

Increases in the prices of corn in the markets triggered higher annual average growth
rates of the corn index in eleven regions including NCR. Thus, the annual average rate of
the groups index in Philippines jumped by 6.1 percent; NCR, 5.4 percent; and AONCR,
6.2 percent. The highest annual average gain was in Region X (Northern Mindanao) at
9.1 percent. Region IV-A (CALABARZON), however posted the lowest annual average rate
at -1.5 percent.
The annual average growth in the meat index in the Philippines rose 4.4 percent in 2014;
NCR, 4.6 percent; and AONCR, 4.3 percent. On the average, prices of chicken, pork, beef,
processed meat and meat products and canned meat went up during the year.
The low volume of catch of selected fish species brought about by the difficulty of
fishermen in catching fish due to typhoons that hit selected regions of the country
particularly in the months of January, July, August and December limited fish supply in
the markets. Thus, the annual average change of the fish index in the Philippines
accelerated by 5.2 percent; NCR, 6.8 percent; and AONCR, 5.0 percent. The highest
annual average rate of 8.9 percent was seen in Region VII (Central Visayas) and Region
VIII (Eastern Visayas) while the lowest annual average growth was noted in Region X
(Northern Mindanao) at 1.8 percent.
Add-ons in the prices of milk, cheese and egg in many regions caused the year-on-year
average growth of the groups index in the Philippines to climb by 3.5 percent; NCR, 4.8
percent; and AONCR, 3.2 percent.
Price hikes in cooking oil primarily pushed up the annual average rates of oils and fats
index in the Philippines and AONCR by 4.9 percent and 6.7 percent, respectively.
Increments in the prices of margarine and butter in selected regions also contributed to
the uptrend. Region III (Central Luzon) had the highest annual average rate at 12.3
percent while the lowest of -0.3 percent was in Region I (Ilocos). On the other hand, the
groups index in NCR continued to record a negative rate as its index had an annual
average decline of 1.4 percent. The price of cooking oil went down in the area during the
year.
The annual average change of the fruit index in AONCR grew by 8.7 percent. This was
brought about by the price additions in papaya, banana, mango, pineapple and canned
fruits. The highest annual average growth of 15.3 percent was registered in Region VII
(Central Visayas) while the lowest was seen in Region X (Northern Mindanao) at 0.5
percent.
 The year-on-year average growth of the vegetables index in the Philippines jumped by
9.3 percent in 2014; NCR, 5.7 percent; and AONCR 10.0 percent. This was mainly due to
the upsurge in the prices of garlic. Low supplies of vegetables in the markets caused by
high spoilage of some vegetables brought by the extreme heat in May were also noted.
In addition, limited supply of vegetables from the provinces hit by typhoon Glenda in
July also contributed to the upward price adjustments of vegetables. The highest annual
average change was noted in Region IX (Zamboanga Peninsula) at 21.7 percent while the
lowest was in CAR (Cordillera Administrative Region) at 4.3 percent.
Upticks in the prices of sugar resulted to faster annual average increase of sugar, jam,
honey, chocolate and confectionery index in the three areas: Philippines, 5.2 percent;
NCR, 3.4 percent; and AONCR, 5.4 percent. Region XII (SOCCSKSARGEN) recorded the
highest annual average growth of 8.9 percent while the lowest was in CAR (Cordillera
Administrative Region) at 2.5 percent. Price add-ons in selected sugar products were also
noticed during the year.

Faster annual average increment in housing, water, electricity, gas and other fuels
index largely contributed to higher inflation during the year.

After a full year of implementation of the sin tax law, the annual average rates in
alcoholic beverages and tobacco index in the three areas decelerated in 2014:
Philippines, 5.2 percent; NCR, 5.8 percent; and AONCR, 5.1 percent. In 2013, their
corresponding annual average growths were at 29.8 percent; 16.9 percent; and 32.3
percent. Slowdowns in the annual average rates were noted in all the regions with
SOCCSKSARGEN recording the lowest rate of 1.4 percent. Meanwhile, the highest
annual average uptick was seen in Region VIII (Eastern Visayas) at 14.4 percent.

The annual average growth of clothing and footwear index in AONCR slowed to 3.2
percent in 2014 as ten regions generally had lower annual average rates. This was
attributed to slower annual average increments in clothing and footwear items during
the year. The lowest annual average increase was recorded in Region VI (Western
Visayas) at 1.2 percent while the fastest rate was in Region VII (Central Visayas). On
the contrary, the groups index in NCR posted a higher annual average add-on of 3.9
percent in 2014 due to faster annual movements in the prices of clothing items. At
the national level, its annual average rate eased to 3.5 percent.

In 2014, annual average growth of housing, water, electricity, gas and other fuels in
the Philippines picked up by 2.3 percent; NCR, 1.1 percent; and AONCR, 2.7 percent.
This was mainly due to increases in the charges of electricity rates. Also contributing
to the uptrend were price mark-ups in selected construction materials, LPG, kerosene
and firewood. Price hikes in charcoal were also noted in many regions. The highest
annual average rate in the groups index was recorded in Region XII
(SOCCSKSARGEN) at 6.8 percent while the lowest was in ARMM at 1.1 percent.

Slower upward price adjustments in selected furniture and furnishings, household

appliances, glassware and household utensils, and non-durable household goods
such as cleaning and maintenance household products were generally noticed during
the year. Similarly, the same trend was noted in the salaries of household helps in
many regions. Hence, the annual average growth in furnishings, household
equipment and routine maintenance of the house index in AONCR and NCR
correspondingly decelerated to 2.3 percent and 3.6 percent. Ten regions had slower
annual average rates with Region III (Central Luzon) registering the slowest at 1.0
 percent while Region IX (Zamboanga Peninsula) had the fastest annual average rate
at 5.1 percent. At the national level, the annual average growth of the groups index
improved to 2.7 percent in 2014.

With price increases in medicines, the annual average add-on in the health index in
NCR was faster at 4.6 percent during the year. In AONCR, the growth in the groups
index, however, decelerated to 2.9 percent as slower annual average rates were
recorded in selected medicines and in the charges for selected medical services. The
lowest annual average growth of 0.9 percent was in Region IV-B (MIMAROPA) while
the highest was in Caraga at 4.4 percent. At national level, the annual average
growth of the health index was pegged at 3.3 percent.

The annual average increase in the transport index in the Philippines, NCR and
AONCR was observed at 0.9 percent. This was primarily due to the upticks in the
prices of gasoline, diesel and engine oil in 2014. Increased jeepney fares in NCR and
in selected provinces also contributed to the uptrend. The highest annual average
rate was in Region III (Central Luzon) at 1.6 percent while the 2015

The annual average rate in the communication index in NCR remained at 0.2 percent
as growths were posted in the charges for telephone/telefax services and in the
repair of mobile/cellular phones. On the average, prices of prepaid cards and e-load
in NCR also went up in 2014. On the other hand, a zero growth was recorded in the
groups index in AONCR. Higher charges in courier services in most of the regions
were offset by the declines in the prices of mobile cellular phones and cellular
prepaid cards in selected provinces. The lowest annual average rate of -1.1 percent
was noted in Region III (Central Luzon) while the highest annual average growth was
in Region IX (Zamboanga Peninsula) at 1.8 percent. The national index had a zero
growth in 2014.

Compared to 2013, price increments in selected equipment, recreational items and

school supplies in NCR were higher in 2014. Thus, the annual average growth in
recreation and culture index in the area moved up at a faster rate of 2.5 percent. In
AONCR, the annual average hike in the groups index slowed down to 1.6 percent due
to slower increments in movie admission fees and in the prices of selected
recreational items. Slowdowns in price increases were also noticed in lotto tickets.
The lowest annual average of 0.3 percent was in Region VII (Central Visayas) while
the highest was in Region XI (Davao) at 2.4 percent. In the Philippines, its annual
average growth settled to 1.9 percent.

The annual average growth of the education index in 2014 in the Philippines escalated to
4.9 percent; NCR, 5.2 percent; and AONCR, 4.9 percent. Annual upward adjustments in
tuition fees this year were generally higher compared to those in 2013. The highest
annual average growth of 7.1 percent remained in Region III (Central Luzon) while
Caraga Region had the lowest annual average rate at 1.8 percent.
The restaurant and miscellaneous goods and services index in AONCR recorded a slower
annual average growth of 2.2 percent in 2014. This was brought about by the lower
annual increases in the prices of meals eaten outside the home in many regions.
Moreover, price add-ons were also slower in selected items for personal care and effects
in some regions. The annual average growth of the groups index in NCR, however,
moved up by 1.3 percent due to bigger annual price gains in selected items for personal
 care and effects. Meals eaten outside were also priced higher during the year. At the
national level, the annual average growth of the groups index decelerated to 1.9
percent.

2015
The annual average consumer price index (CPI) in 2015 stood at 141.5 for the
Philippines, 131.8 for the National Capital Region (NCR) and 144.6 for areas outside NCR
(AONCR).

The countrys annual average inflation decelerated to 1.4 percent in 2015 compared
from 4.1 percent in 2014. It resulted from the negative annual average rates recorded in
the indices of housing, water, electricity, gas and other fuels and transport. Also
contributing to the downtrend were the slower annual average gains registered in the
indices of eight commodity groups. During the year, the lowest inflation was in
September and October at 0.4 percent while the highest rate was in February at 2.5
percent (Table 2.1)

All regions posted lower annual rates in 2015.

The annual average inflation in NCR eased to 1.0 percent in 2015. It was
registered at 3.2 percent in 2014.

Similarly, the annual average inflation in AONCR improved to 1.5 percent in

2015. Last year, it was pegged at 4.5 percent.

Among the regions in AONCR, the lowest annual average inflation in 2015 was
recorded in CALABARZON at 0.9 percent while highest rate was noted in Davao
 Region and Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM) at 2.6 percent
(Table 1.1).

By Commodity Group

Lower year-on-year growth rates seen in the prices of food items.

At the national level, declines in the annual average rates in 2015 were seen in the
indices of housing, water, electricity, gas and other fuels and transport at -1.3
percent and -0.1 percent, respectively. The rest of the commodity groups posted
slower annual average rates during the year except for communication index which
posted a zero annual average growth.

In NCR, negative annual average rate during the year was likewise recorded in housing,
water, electricity, gas and other fuels index at -1.5 percent. Lower annual average
growths were also observed in all the other commodity groups except for the indices of
transport and education whose rates were higher at 1.5 percent and 5.6 percent,
respectively.
In AONCR, the annual average changes in the indices of housing, water, electricity, gas
and other fuels fell by -1.1 percent in 2015; transport, -0.5 percent; and communication,
-0.2 percent. The rest of the commodity groups exhibited slower annual average rates
during the year.
Lower annual average increments in food and non-alcoholic beverages index were
recorded in all the regions in 2015. The lowest annual average gain was seen in Northern
Mindanao at 1.3 percent while the highest was in ARMM at 4.0 percent.
With all the regions recording either negative or slower annual average rates during the
year, the annual average growths of the indices of rice in NCR and AONCR slowed down
to 0.8 percent and 1.8 percent, respectively. The lowest annual average change was
recorded in SOCCSKSARGEN at -2.7 percent. On the other hand, Central Luzon exhibited
the highest rate at 4.1 percent. At the national level, the annual average rate
decelerated to 1.7 percent in 2015.
 In NCR, the annual average growth of the corn index rose by 7.5 percent. This was
mainly effected by limited supplies of corn in the markets due to damage brought about
by typhoon Lando. Meanwhile, the annual average increment of the corn index in
AONCR improved to 0.1 percent in 2015. The lowest annual average rate was registered
in SOCCSKSARGEN at -3.7 percent while the highest was in Davao Region at 6.6 percent.
For the Philippines, the year-on-year growth of the corn index eased to 0.4 percent
during the period.
The annual average increment in the meat index in NCR was slower at 1.9 percent and in
AONCR, 1.7 percent. Lower annual increases, on the average, were noted in the prices of
chicken, pork and beef. Among the regions, the lowest annual average growth was seen
in Cagayan Valley at 0.1 percent while ARMM had the fastest annual average gain at 3.9
percent. For the Philippines, the annual average growth of the groups index was pegged
at 1.7 percent.
The fish index in NCR and AONCR correspondingly rose by 1.1 percent and 4.8 percent as
lower production of selected fish species in some regions generally pushed up its prices
during the year. These were, however, slower than their previous years annual growth
at 6.8 percent and 5.0 percent, respectively. The lowest annual average growth of 1.9
percent was registered in ARMM while highest was in SOCCSKSARGEN at 10.7 percent.
At the national level, the annual average growth of the groups index decelerated to 4.3
percent.
The annual average uptick in milk, cheese and egg index slid to 2.4 percent in NCR and
2.8 percent in AONCR as most of the regions posted lower price increases in milk, cheese
and eggs. At the country level, the annual average growth of the groups index during
the year moved up at a slower pace of 2.7 percent.
Increments in the prices of cooking oil pushed up the annual average rate of oils and fats
index in NCR by 1.1 percent. In AONCR, the annual average uptick of the groups index
eased to 0.7 percent as eleven regions posted either negative or lower annual rates. The
lowest annual average rate was in Northern Mindanao at -0.7 percent while the highest
was noted in ARMM at 3.8 percent. For the Philippines, the annual average rate of the
oils and fats index in 2015 slowed down to 0.7 percent.
In NCR, prices of selected fresh fruits such as banana, papaya, mango, and pineapple
were generally higher during the year. Upward price adjustments in canned fruits were
also observed. Hence, the annual average growth of fruits index in the area accelerated
to 6.8 percent in 2015. In AONCR, the annual average increment in the groups index
decelerated to 7.4 percent as ten regions exhibited lower annual average rates. Among
the regions, the lowest annual average growth in 2015 was seen in Davao Region at 1.3
percent while the highest was in ARMM at 12.8. At the national level, the annual average
growth eased to 7.2 percent.
Supplies of vegetables in NCR markets were generally lower during the year. Thus, the
vegetable index in NCR posted a higher annual average increment of 7.4 percent.
However, all the regions in AONCR recorded either slower or negative annual average
rates in 2015. This resulted to a lower annual average rate posted in the vegetable index
in AONCR at 1.8 percent. Zamboanga Peninsula registered an annual average decline of
-3.1 percent while ARMM had the highest annual average gain of 6.2 percent. For the
Philippines, the annual average mark-up in the vegetable index improved to 2.7
percent.
 The annual average growths in the indices of sugar, jam, honey, chocolate and
confectionery in NCR were slower at 2.9 percent and in AONCR, 3.9 percent. The lowest
annual average gain was recorded in Northern Mindanao at 1.5 percent while the highest
was in Davao Region at 8.7 percent. The annual average growth of the groups index at
the national level decelerated to 3.8 percent.
Higher prices of selected spices, seasonings and condiments effected the 1.4 percent
annual average growth in food products not elsewhere classified index in NCR and 4.5
percent in AONCR. These were however, slower than their correspOnding previous
years average rates of 9.2 percent and 7.2 percent. Zamboanga Peninsula had the
lowest annual average rate of 1.3 percent while Bicol Region had the highest at 9.5
percent. For the Philippines, the annual average growth of the groups index slowed
down to 4.0 percent.

General downward price adjustments in petroleum products pushed the

indices of housing, water, electricity, gas and other fuels and transport in
2015.

With lower price increases alcoholic beverages and cigarettes during the year, the
annual average mark-up in alcoholic beverages and tobacco index in NCR slid to 2.2
percent. Likewise, the annual average growth of the groups index in AONCR slowed
down to 4.1 percent as 12 out of the 16 regions posted lower annual average rates. The
lowest annual growth was recorded in MIMAROPA at 1.6 percent. Meanwhile, higher
annual average uptick was observed in Cagayan Valley at 7.0 percent. At the national
level, the annual average movement of the groups index rose 3.8 percent In 2015
compared to 5.2 percent in 2014.
The annual average gains in indices for clothing and footwear in NCR and AONCR slowed
down to 3.0 percent and 2.4 percent, respectively. Price upticks observed in selected
clothing and footwear items in many regions were lower compared to their last years
growths. The lowest annual average rate for the year was both recorded in Bicol Region
and Eastern Visayas at 1.3 percent while Central Visayas had the highest rate of 5.6
percent. For the Philippines, the annual average uptick in clothing and footwear index
eased to 2.6 percent.
LPG and kerosene were generally priced lower in NCR and in many provinces during the
year. This factor pushed down the annual average change in housing, water, electricity,
gas and other fuels index in NCR at -1.5 percent and in AONCR, -1.1 percent. Lower
charges in the electricity rates in NCR and in selected regions also contributed to the
downtrend. CALABARZON registered the lowest annual average rate at -3.9 percent
while Zamboanga Peninsula recorded the highest growth of 5.0 percent. For the
Philippines, the annual average rate of the groups index went down by 1.3 percent.
In 2015, the annual average increases in the indices of furnishing, household equipment
and routine maintenance of the house in NCR and AONCR slowed down to 1.0 percent
and 2.2 percent, respectively. The lowest annual average rate at 0.7 percent was
observed in Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR) while the highest growth of 5.1
percent was noted in Zamboanga Peninsula. At the national level, annual average growth
of the groups index moved up at a slower pace of 1.9 percent.
In 2015, the health index in NCR and AONCR recorded slower annual average rates of 3.1
percent and 1.8 percent, respectively. On the average, slower annual rates were
recorded in medicines and in charges for selected medical services. Among the regions,
the lowest annual average growth of 0.5 percent was seen in CAR while the highest was
in Northern Mindanao at 3.3 percent. At the national level, the annual average increase
of the groups index slid to 2.1 percent.
The general downward adjustments in the prices of gasoline and diesel during the year
pushed down the annual average rate of the transport index in AONCR by 0.5 percent.
Negative annual average movements were posted in eleven regions with MIMAROPA
registering the lowest annual average adjustment during the year at -2.0 percent. On
the other hand, air, train and ship transport fare hikes in NCR raised the annual average
growth of the groups index in the area by 1.5 percent. At the national level, the annual
average change of the transport index fell by 0.1 percent.
Charges for prepaid communication services and telephone rates went up in NCR.
Moreover, increased charges for postal services related to letters and repair of
mobile/cellular phones were also noted in the area. Thus, the annual average growth of
communication index in NCR rose 0.1 percent in 2015. On the contrary, the annual
average change in communication index in AONCR was -0.2 percent due to downward
adjustments in the charges paid for internet access and declines in the prices of mobile
cellular phones in selected provinces. The lowest annual average rate of -1.1 percent
was noted in Cagayan Valley while the highest was in ARMM at 0.4 percent. The national
index posted a zero percent annual average rate in 2015.

Compared to 2014, price increments in selected equipment, recreational items and

school supplies were generally slower in NCR in 2015. Thus, the annual average growth
in recreation and culture index in the area decelerated to 2.1 percent. Likewise, in
AONCR, the annual average hike in the groups index slowed down to 0.8 percent due to
lower mark ups in movie admission fees and in selected recreational items. The lowest
annual average growth of 0.3 percent was in CAR and Eastern Visayas while the highest
was in Davao Region at 1.8 percent. For the Philippines, the groups annual average
growth was pegged at 1.1 percent.
The annual average growth of the education index in 2015 was registered at 5.6 percent
in NCR due to higher tuition fee hikes in many provinces. Thus, the groups index in
AONCR stood at 3.8 percent. This was, however, slower than its last years rate of 4.9
percent. The lowest annual average growth was in Cagayan Valley at 1.3 percent while
the highest was recorded in CAR at 6.7 percent. At the national level, the groups index
advanced by 4.2 percent.

The index for restaurant and miscellaneous goods and services in NCR posted slower
annual average growth of 0.7 percent in 2015. This was brought about by lower annual
average gains in the prices of meals eaten outside the home in the area. Likewise, the
annual average increase of the groups index in AONCR decelerated to 1.6 percent due
to slower annual average increments in the prices of selected items for personal care
and effects in many provinces. At the country level, the annual average growth of the
groups index improved to 1.3 percent..
EMPLOYMENT,
UNEMPLOYME
NT AND
 UNDEREMPLO
YMENT RATE

2010 - 2011

In 2011, out of the 61.9 million population 15 years old and over, about 40.0 million were
in the labor force or economically active. This figure translates to an annual labor force
participation rate (LFPR) of 64.6 percent. In 2010, the LFPR was 64.1 percent. Among
regions, MIMAROPA and Northern Mindanao registered the highest annual LFPR both at
70.0 percent, while ARMM posted the lowest at 55.6 percent (Table 1).
The annual employment rate or the proportion of employed persons to total labor force
in 2011 was estimated at 93.0 percent. This rate is slightly higher than the annual
estimate in 2010, which was 92.7 percent. There were four regions with employment
rate less than the annual national rate: National Capital Region (lowest at 88.7%),
CALABARZON (90.3%), Ilocos Region and Central Luzon (both 91.5%). The regions that
posted an employment rate higher than 95 percent were: Cagayan Valley (highest at
97.1%). Zamboanga Peninsula (96.8 %), the Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao or
ARMM (96.6 %), MIMAROPA and SOCCSKSARGEN (both at 96.1%), and Northern
Mindanao (95.5%).
In terms of level, the total employed population in 2011 was estimated at 37.2 million
persons (Table 2). More than half (52.2%) were engaged in the services sector; about
one-third (33.0%) were in agriculture; and one in every seven (14.9%) was in the
industry sector. Among those employed in the services sector, the largest group
comprised of workers in the wholesale and retail, repair of motor vehicles, motorcycles
and personal and household goods, making up 20 percent of the total employed
population.
Among the various occupation groups, the laborers and unskilled workers comprised the
largest group (32.6%). This was followed by farmers, forestry workers and fishermen
(15.4%); officials of the government and special interest organizations, corporate
executives, managers, managing proprietors and supervisors (14%) and service workers
and shop and market sales workers (11.1%). The rest of the occupation groups each
comprised less than 10 percent, ranging from 0.4 to 7.4 percent.
The majority of the employed persons were wage and salary workers (55.2%). Most of
them worked in private establishments (41.5% of the total employed). About 30 percent
of the employed persons was self-employed workers without any paid employee while
almost four percent were employers in own family-operated business or farm. Nearly 12
percent worked without pay in own family-operated farm or business (Table 2).
As to their working hours, about 63 percent of the total employed persons were full-time
workers or have worked for at least 40 hours a week. The average weekly working hours
was around 41 hours (Table 2).
Meanwhile, the number of underemployed persons in 2011 was estimated at 7.2 million,
representing an annual underemployment rate of 19.3 percent (Table 3). The
underemployed workers are employed persons who express the desire to have additional
hours of work in their present job or to have additional job, or to have a new job with
longer working hours.
Of the total underemployed persons, 59 percent were reported as visibly underemployed
or working less than 40 hours during the reference week. Those working 40 hours or
more accounted for 39.4 percent of the total underemployed (Table 3). Among regions,
Bicol (35.4%) recorded the highest underemployment rate, while Central Luzon (11.1%)
had the lowest (Table 1).
About 2.8 million Filipinos were unemployed in 2011, which translates into an
unemployment rate of 7.0 percent for the year. Among the unemployed, 63.0 percent
were males. Forty-five percent of the unemployed have reached high school; 42.0
percent have attained college education; and 12.6 percent have attained at most an
elementary level.

2012
 The annual employment rate for 2012 was estimated at 93.0 percent and the annual
unemployment rate, at 7.0 percent. Meanwhile, the underemployment rate was 20.0
percent.
The total employed persons reached 37.6 million (Table 1). Of this number, more than
half (52.6%) were in the services sector with those engaged in wholesale and retail
trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles comprising the largest group in this
sector (18.3% of the total employed). Onethird (33.4%) of the total employed were
laborers and unskilled workers. Those who were wage and salary workers numbered 21.5
million, making up 57.2 percent of the total employed persons. Of the wage and salary
workers, 16.4 million worked in private establishments making up 43.6 percent of the
total employed persons.

About 23.2 million persons or 61.7 percent of the total employed persons worked for 40
hours and over. Those who worked for less than 40 hours were about 13.9 million or 37.0
percent of the total employed persons. The underemployed persons or those employed
persons who express the desire to have additional hours of work in their present job or to
have additional job, or to have a new job with longer working hours was estimated at 7.5
million (Table 2). This is equivalent to an underemployment rate of 20.0 percent at the
national level (Tables 2 and 4). Among regions, the Bicol Region had the highest
underemployment rate (34.4%), followed by Northern Mindanao (28.6%) and Zamboanga
Peninsula (27.7%).

The unemployed persons numbered 2.8 million persons resulting in an unemployment

rate of 7.0 percent (Tables 3 and 4). Half of the unemployed were in the age group 15 to
24 years. By education, among the unemployed, high school graduates comprised 33.3
percent, college graduates, 19.6 percent; and elementary graduates, 7.4 percent.

The number of new entrants was estimated at 912 thousand, accounting for 2.3 percent
of the total labor force population of 40.4 million (Table 5). The employed persons who
were new entrants totaled 672 thousand or 73.6 percent of the total new entrants, while
the unemployed new entrants, 241 thousand or 26.4 percent. More than 29 percent of
the total new entrants were high school graduates while about one-fourth (24.4%) were
college graduates.

2013
 Philippines 2013
Population 15 years and over (in 64,093
'000)
Labor Force Participation Rate (%) 63.9
Employment Rate (%) 92.7
Unemployment Rate (%) 7.3
Underemployment Rate (%) 19.8

In 2013, the annual employment rate was estimated at 92.7 percent and the annual
unemployment rate, at 7.3 percent. Meanwhile, the underemployment rate was 19.8
percent. These annualized rates are based on the results of the quarterly Labor Force
Survey (LFS) conducted in 2013, that is, in January, April and July of year 2013.
The total employed persons reached approximately 38.0 million in 2013 (Table 1).
Employed persons are grouped into three major sectors, namely, agriculture, industry
and services sector. Workers in the services sector comprised the largest proportion of
the population who are employed, making up 53.4 percent of the total employed. Those
engaged in the wholesale and retail trade or in the repair of motor vehicles and
motorcycles accounted for 34.8 percent of the total employed in this sector or 18.6
percent of the total employed. Workers in the agriculture sector comprised the second
largest group (30.9%), followed by workers in the industry sector (15.7%).
Occupation-wise, the laborers remain the largest group making up 32.6 percent of the
total employed. Officials of the Government and special-interest organizations, corporate
executives, managers, managing proprietors and supervisors (16.2% of the total
employed) comprised the second largest occupation group, followed by farmers, forestry
workers and fishermen (13.0%), and service workers and shop/market sales workers
(12.3%).
Employed persons fall into any of these classes of workers: wage and salary workers,
self-employed workers without any paid employee, employers in own family-operated
farm or business, and unpaid family workers. Wage and salary workers comprised 58.6
percent of the total employed persons, numbering approximately 22.3 million. Among
the wage and salary workers, the workers in private establishments accounted for the
largest percentage (45.0%), followed by workers in government and government-
controlled corporations (8.0%), workers in private households (5.2%) and workers with
pay in own family-operated farms or businesses (0.4%). Self-employed workers without
any paid employee accounted for 27.9 percent of the total employed, whereas the
unpaid family workers, 10.1 percent.
Employed persons are classified as either full-time workers or part-time workers. Full-
time workers are those who work for 40 hours or more in a week, while part-time workers
work for less than 40 hours. Approximately 24.5 million persons or 64.5 percent of the
total employed persons worked for 40 hours or longer in a week. Those who worked for
less than 40 hours were estimated at 13.1 million or 34.4 percent of the total employed
persons. The underemployed persons or those employed persons who express the
desire to have additional hours of work in their present job or to have additional job, or to
have a new job with longer working hours numbered approximately 7.5 million, resulting
in an underemployment rate of 19.8 percent (Tables 2 and 4).
 The unemployment rate in 2013 was estimated at 7.3 percent, which translates to a
number of unemployed which is approximately 3.0 million. Of this number, 62.1 percent
were males. The largest number of the unemployed were in the age group 15 to 24
years (48.8%), followed by the age group 25 to 34 years (30.0%). By educational
attainment, one-fifth (20.0%) of the unemployed were college graduates, 13.8 percent
were college undergraduates, and 32.7 percent were high school graduates.

2014
Philippines 2014
Population 15 years and over (in '000) 62,189
Labor Force Participation Rate 64.4
Employment Rate 93.2
Unemployment Rate 6.8
Underemployment Rate 18.4

In 2014, the annual employment rate was estimated at 93.2 percent and the annual
unemployment rate, at 6.8 percent. Meanwhile, the underemployment rate was 18.4
percent. These annualized rates are based on the results of the quarterly Labor Force
Survey (LFS) conducted in January, April, July and October of year 2014.
Out of the estimated 62.2 million population 15 years old and over in 2014, about 40.0
million were economically active or in the labor force. This number translates to an
annual labor force participation rate (LFPR) of 64.4 percent. In the previous year, the
LFPR was 63.9 percent. Among regions, Northern Mindanao registered the highest annual
LFPR at 69.4 percent, while ARMM posted the lowest at 56.9 percent (Table 4).
The annual employment rate or the proportion of employed persons to total labor force
in 2014 was estimated at 93.2 percent. This rate is slightly higher than the annual
estimate in 2013, which was 92.8 percent. There were four regions with employment
rate less than the annual national estimate: National Capital Region (lowest at 89.6%),
Ilocos Region (91.6%), Central Luzon (91.7%) and CALABARZON (91.8%). The regions
that posted an employment rate higher than 95 percent were: the Autonomous Region of
Muslim Mindanao or ARMM (highest at 96.5%), SOCCSKSARGEN (96.4%), Cagayan Valley
and Zamboanga Peninsula (both at 96.3%).
The employed persons in 2014 totaled 37.3 million persons (Table 1). Of this number,
more than half (53.9%) were in the services sector with those engaged in wholesale and
retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles comprising the largest group in this
sector (18.8% of the total employed).
As to occupation, the laborers and unskilled workers remained to be the largest group
with about three in every ten (31.6%) of the total employed. Those who were wage and
salary workers numbered 21.7 million, making up 58.2 percent of the total employed
persons. Of the wage and salary workers, 16.8 million worked in private establishments
making up 45.0 percent of the total employed persons.
An estimated 23.2 million persons or 62.3 percent of the total employed persons worked
for 40 hours or over. Those who worked for less than 40 hours were about 13.6 million or
36.4 percent of the total employed persons. The average weekly working hours was
around 40.9 hours.
In 2014, the underemployed persons or those employed persons who express the desire
to have additional hours of work in their present job or to have additional job, or to have
a new job with longer working hours was estimated at 6.9 million (Table 2). This is equal
to an underemployment rate of 18.4 percent at the national level (Tables 2 and 4).
Among the regions, the Bicol Region had the highest underemployment rate (34.9%),
followed by Northern Mindanao (25.7%) and Caraga (25.2%).
The unemployed persons reached 2.7 million persons resulting in an unemployment rate
of 6.8 percent (Tables 3 and 4). Close to half (49.1%) of the unemployed were in the age
group 15 to 24 years. Among the unemployed, 63.6 percent were males. By highest
grade completed, among the unemployed, high school graduates comprised 33.2
percent; college graduates, 21.6 percent; and elementary graduates, 6.8 percent.

2015
Philippines January January January
2015a/ 2014b/ 2015c/
(Excludes (Excludes (Excludes
Region VIII) Region VIII) Leyte)
Population 15 years and over 62,870 61,777 64,591
(in 000)
Labor Force Participation 63.8 63.8 63.7
Rate (%)
Employment Rate (%) 93.4 92.5 93.4
Unemployment Rate (%) 6.6 7.5 6.6
Underemployment Rate (%) 17.5 19.5 17.9
Estimates based on January 2015 data which excludes Region VIII have been
generated to make the January 2015 estimates comparable with January 2014
estimates.
The employment rate in January 2015 was estimated at 93.4 percent. The employment
rate for January 2014 was estimated at 92.5 percent.
Four regions, namely, National Capital Region (NCR) (90.7%), CALABARZON (91.4%),
Ilocos Region (91.5%), and Central Luzon (91.5%) had employment rates lower than the
national figure (Table 4). The labor force participation rate (LFPR) in January 2015 was
estimated at 63.8 percent. The same LFPR (63.8%) was estimated in January 2014. The
labor force population consists of the employed and the unemployed 15 years old and
over.
 Workers were grouped into three broad sectors, namely, agriculture, industry and
services sector. Workers in the services sector comprised the largest proportion of the
population who are employed. These workers made up 54.6 percent of the total
employed in January 2015 (Table 1). Among them, those engaged in wholesale and
retail trade or in the repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles accounted for the largest
percentage (34.6%) of workers in services sector (Table 2). In January 2014, workers in
the services sector accounted for 54.1 percent of the total employed, with those
engaged in wholesale and retail trade or in the repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles
making up the largest proportion (34.5%) of workers in services sector (Tables 1 and 2).
Workers in the agriculture sector comprised the second largest group making up 29.5
percent of the total employed in January 2015, while workers in the industry sector made
up the smallest group registering 15.9 percent of the total employed. Similar
percentages were recorded for January 2014, with workers in agriculture making up at
30.1 percent of the total employed, and workers in industry sector, 15.9 percent. The
January 2015 LFS results also showed that in the industry sector, workers in the
manufacturing subsector made up the largest group, accounting for 52.8 percent of
workers in this sector, and those in construction, the second largest group, making up
41.2 percent (Tables 1 and 2).
Among the occupation groups, the laborers and unskilled workers remained the largest
group making up 31.0 percent of the total employed in January 2015 (Table 1). In
January 2014, such workers made up 31.3 percent of the total employed in that period.
Officials of the Government and special interest organizations, corporate executives,
managers, and managing proprietors (16.5% of the total employed) comprised the
second largest occupation group, followed by farmers, forestry workers and fishermen
(13.1%), and service workers and shop/market sales workers (12.9%).
Employed persons fall into any of these classes of workers: wage and salary workers,
self-employed workers without any paid employee, employers in own family-operated
farm or business, and unpaid family workers. Wage and salary workers are those who
work for private households, private establishments, government or government-
controlled corporations, and those who work with pay in own family-operated farm or
business. In January 2015, the wage and salary workers made up 57.8 percent of the
total employed, with those working in private establishments continuing to account for
the largest percentage (Table 1). They made up 44.7 percent of the total employed in
January 2015 and 44.1 percent in January 2014. The second largest class of workers
were the self-employed making up 28.2 percent of the total employed in January 2015
and 28.5 percent in January 2014. The third largest class of workers consisted of the
unpaid family workers, accounting for 10.9 percent of the total employed in January
2015, and 10.6 percent of the total employed in January 2014.
Employed persons are classified as either full-time workers or part-time workers. Full-
time workers are those who work for 40 hours or more in a week, while part-time workers
work for less than 40 hours. Of the total employed persons in January 2015, 62.0
percent were full-time workers, while 36.9 percent were part-time workers (Table 2). By
comparison, in January 2014, full-time workers comprised 62.2 percent while part-time
workers, 36.3 percent. In January 2015, workers worked 40.5 hours per week, on the
average, compared to 41.0 hours in January 2014.
Employed persons who express the desire to have additional hours of work in their
present job, or to have additional job, or to have a new job with longer working hours are
considered underemployed. In January 2015, the underemployment rate, which is the
percentage of the underemployed to the total employed, was estimated at 17.5 percent,
while it was estimated at 19.5 percent in January 2014.
Underemployed persons who work for less than 40 hours in a week are called visibly
underemployed persons. They accounted for 60.7 percent of the total underemployed in
January 2015 (Table 3). The proportion in the same month of 2014 was 58.9 percent. By
comparison, the underemployed persons who worked for 40 hours or more in a week
made up 37.4 percent in January 2015. By sector, 42.3 percent of the underemployed
worked in the agriculture sector, while 40.7 percent were in the services sector. Those in
the industry sector accounted for 17.1 percent (Table 3).
The unemployment rate in January 2015 was estimated at 6.6 percent. Last January
2014, the unemployment rate was 7.5 percent. Among the regions, the NCR (9.3%),
CALABARZON (8.6%), Ilocos Region (8.5%), and Central Luzon (8.5%), had
unemployment rates higher than the national figure (Table 4).
Among the unemployed persons in January 2015, 66.0 percent were males. Of the total
unemployed, the age group 15 to 24 years comprised 47.3 percent, while the age group
25 to 34, 31.6 percent. By educational attainment, 20.4 percent of the unemployed were
college graduates, 13.0 percent were college undergraduates, and 34.4 percent were
high school graduates (Table 3).

FUNCTIONAL
LITERATE
The Functional Literacy, Education and Mass Media Survey (FLEMMS) is a survey
conducted by the National Statistics Office (NSO) every five years.

The FLEMMS presents comprehensive statistics on the latest status of literacy, education,
and mass media exposure of Filipinos. It brings together a wide range of information that
serves as a guide for government policy makers, program planners, and decision makers
in providing a much broader scope of action and more focused program intervention on
the target beneficiaries of development plans. It is also very useful in private businesses
and industries as well as in academic researches and development projects.
 LITERACY
RATE
92.3 percent
The NSO's 2010 Census of Population and Housing (CPH) showed that of the 71.5 million
individuals who are 10 years old and above, 97.5 percent or 69.8 million were literate or
could read and write. This is higher compared to the literacy rate of92.3
percent recorded in the 2000 CPH

ABLE TO READ
AND WRITE
Literacy rate at the national level was recorded at 97.5 percent

According to the 2010 Census of Population and Housing (CPH), there were
approximately 71.5 million persons aged 10 years or older in the Philippines in 2010.
They comprised 77.7 percent of the 92.1 million total household population in the
country.

Among the population 10 years old and over, 69.5 million persons or 97.1 percent were
literate, according to the 2010 CPH. In the 2000 CPH, the literacy rate was recorded at
92.3 percent. In the 2000 CPH and 2010 CPH, a person is considered literate if he/she is
able to read and write a simple message in any language or dialect.

Literacy rate is higher among females than males

The literacy rate among females aged 10 years and over in 2010 was 97.2 percent.
Among males of the same age, this was 97.0 percent.

Literacy rate was highest in NCR

 Among the regions, the NCR had the highest literacy rate at 99.1 percent. Aside from
the NCR, there were seven regions with literacy rate higher than the national rate.
These are Region I (99.0 percent), Region III (99.0 percent), Region IVA (98.9 percent),
Region V (98.3 percent), Caraga (97.7 percent), Region VII (97.6 percent), and Region VI
(97.5 percent). ARMM had the lowest literacy rate at 80.3 percent.

Camiguin had the highest literacy rate

Among the provinces, excluding the highly urbanized cities, Camiguin and Laguna had
the highest literacy rate at 99.4 percent each. This was followed by Cavite with literacy
rate at 99.3 percent. On the other hand, Tawi-Tawi had the lowest literacy rate with 74.6
percent.

School attendance was higher among females than males

The country had a total of 38.5 million persons aged 5 to 24 years. This population group
comprised 41.8 percent of the 92.1 million household population.
Of the total population 5 to 24 years old, 24.9 million persons or 64.5 percent had
attended school at anytime from June 2009 to March 2010. There were more males than
females who attended school at anytime during the said school year. Males accounted
for 50.8 percent of the total population 5 to 24 years old who attended school at anytime
during that school year.
School attendance was higher among females than males. Females aged 5 to 24 years
who attended school during the school year 2009-2010 comprised 64.9 percent of all
females in this age group. In comparison, 64.1 percent of all males aged 5 to 24 years
old have attended school in the same school year.
CAR had the highest school attendance among its population 5 to 24 years old

The top five regions in terms of school attendance among persons 5 to 24 years old
duirng the school year 2009-2010 were: CAR (69.4 percent), Region V (67.1 percent),
Region VI (66.4 percent), Region I (66.3 percent), and NCR (65.9 percent). ARMM had
the lowest school attendance at 59.2 percent.

School attendance was highest in Batanes

At the provincial level, excluding the highly urbanized cities, Batanes had the highest
rate of school attendance for persons 5 to 24 years old (82.8 percent). This was followed
by Marinduque (73.1 percent) and Mountain Province (73.0 percent). Meanwhile, Basilan
had the lowest rate of school attendance at 52.7 percent.
 PESO
PURCHASING
POWER
shows how much the peso in the base period is worth in another period. It gives an
indication of the real value of the peso in a given period relative to the peso value in the
base period.

Formula: PPP = (1 / CPIa) * 100

Where: PPP = Purchasing Power of the Peso
CPIa = Consumer Price Index for All Items