BASICS OF PIPE STRESS ANALYSIS: A

PRESENTATION-Part 2 of 2
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Basic Allowable Stress:

Minimum of (As per ASME B 31.3)

1. 1/3rd of Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS) of Material at

operating temperature.

2. 1/3rd of UTS of material at room temperature.

3. 2/3rd of Yield Tensile Strength (YTS) of material at operating temperature.

4. 2/3rd of YTS of material at room temp.

5. 100% of average stress for a creep rate of 0.01% per 1000 hr.

6. For structural grade materials basic allowable stress=0.92 times the lowest
value obtained from 1 through 5 above.

Loads on a Piping System:

There are two types of loads which acts on a piping system: Static loads and
Dynamic Loads
Fig.1: Examples of Static Loads

Static loads are those loads which acts very slowly and the system gets enough
time to react against it. Examples of static loads are shown in Fig.1
Fig.2: Examples of Dynamic Loads

On the other hand dynamic loads acts so quickly that the system does not get
enough time to react against it. Examples of dynamic loads are shown in Fig.2

Work Flow Diagram:

The interaction of Piping Stress team with other disciplines in any organization are
shown in Fig. 3:
Fig.3: Inter Departmental Interaction with Stress Team

Stress Criticality and Analysis Methods:

Highly Critical Lines (Steam turbine, Compressor connected pipelines): By

Computer Analysis

Moderately Critical Lines (AFC connected lines): By Computer Analysis

Low critical Lines : Visual/Simple Manual Calculation/Computer analysis

and

Non Critical Lines: Visual Inspection

Stress Analysis using Caesar II :

Inputs:

Stress Isometric from Layout Group

 LDT And P&ID from Process

Equipment GA and Other detailed drawings from Mechanical

Process flow diagram/datasheet if required from process

Piping Material Specification

PSV/ Control Valve GA and Datasheet from Instrumentation

Soil Characteristics from civil for underground analysis

Nozzle load limiting Standards

Plot Plan for finding HPP elevation and equipment orientation.

Governing Code

Analysis:

Checking the completeness of the piping system received as a stress

package.

Node numbering on stress Iso.

Filling the design parameters (Design temp, pressure, Ope. Temp, Min.
Temp, Fluid density, Material, Line Size and
thickness, Insulation thk and density, Corrosion allowance etc) on stress
Iso.

Modeling the piping system in Caesar using parameters from stress Iso.

Analyzing the system and obtaining results.

Conclusion & Recommendation : Whether to accept the system or to suggest

necessary changes in layout and supporting to make the system acceptable as
per standard requirements.

Output:

Final marked up Isos to Layout

Support Loads to Civil

Spring Hanger Datasheets.

Datasheets for Special Supports like Sway brace, Struts, Snubbers etc.

SPS drawings

Stress Package final documentation for records

Type of Supports:

Rest

Guide

Line Stop

Anchor

Variable Spring Hanger

Constant Spring Hanger

Rigid Hanger

Struts

Snubbers

Sway Braces etc

Questionnaire:

What are the various types of loads which cause stresses in the piping
system?

Which code do we refer for Refinery Piping?

Which standard governs the design of Pumps?

The coefficient of thermal expansion of a substance is 1.8 mm/m/Deg.F.

What is its value in mm/mm/Deg.C.?

Calculate the minimum pipe thickness of a seamless 10 NB A106- Gr B

material with design pressure of 20 bars. (Design Temp= 350 degree C and
Corrosion allowance= 1.6 mm)?