11/5/2016 Volumetrics Analysis Theory

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Volumetric Analysis Theory

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Volumetric analysis is a technique that employs geological observations and information to estimate original fluids-in-
place. It is often referred to as a "static method as it primarily sources its data from core samples, wireline logs, and
geological maps. Volumetric calculations are typically used prior to production to estimate reserves, and after
considerable production to determine the efficiency of recovery, the areal extent of the reservoir, and as a basis for
advanced studies such as reservoir simulations.

Volume Parameter Equations and Equalities

Rock Volume VR = A * h

Pore Volume VP = VR * = A * h *

Hydrocarbon Pore Volume VHCP = VP * (SHC ) = A * h * * (SHC)

Where SHC = the hydrocarbon saturation of interest (either So or Sg).

A comprehensive geologic study of the prospect is necessary to increase the confidence and reliability of determined
reservoir properties such as volume, porosity, and fluid saturations. In calculating the volume of the reservoir, accurate
determinations of the areal extent and thickness must be made with respect to the geological structure and
depositional environment. The use of isopach maps in combination with planimetering is a commonly used method in
the determination of reservoir volume. Conclusions drawn concerning lithofacies and depositional settings are used to
provide an assessment of porosity, while wireline log and core data provide the analyst with measurements of fluid
saturations.

Oil Reservoir Calculations

Original Oil-in-Place (OOIP) Calculations

Field Units Where:

[stb] A = acres
Or, in expanded form: h = feet
=%
Soi = %
Boi = bbl/stb

Metric Units Where:

[m3] A = square meters
h = meters
=%
Or, in expanded form: Soi = %
Boi = m3/m3

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Gas Reservoir Calculations

Historically, in a gas reservoir, only free gas-in-place was considered. Because of this, only one name was required:
OGIP. However, with the increasing use of adsorbed gas reservoirs in the industry, Fekete has adopted the name
OGIPF to define the gas-in-place for a free gas reservoir. Likewise, the name OGIPA is used to define the gas-in-
place in an adsorbed reservoir. The name OGIP has been retained to describe the total original gas-in-place.

Free Gas Equations

Original Free Gas-in-Place (OGIPF ) Calculations

Field Units Where:

[scf] A = acres
Or, in expanded form: h = feet
=%
Sgi = %
Bgi = ft3/scf

Metric Units Where:

[m3] A = square meters
h = meters
=%
Sgi = %
Or, in expanded form:
Bgi = m3/m3

Adsorbed Gas Equations Shale Reservoirs

Shale gas reservoirs usually contain much more adsorbed gas than free gas. Therefore, OGIP calculations for shale
reservoirs should also account for adsorption. For shale reservoirs, the following equations are used to calculate
Original Adsorbed Gas-in-Place (OGIPA).

Original Adsorbed Gas-in-Place (OGIPA) Calculations

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Field Units Where:

[scf] A = acres
h = feet
b = ton/ft3
p = psi(a)
VL$ = scf/ton
pL$ = psi(a)

Metric Units Where:

[m3] A = square meters
h = meters
b = g/cm3
p = kPa(a)
VL$ = cm3/g
pL$ = kPa(a)

Note: For the theory of adsorption, see Shale Properties.

CBM Reservoir Calculations

In a CBM reservoir, adsorbed gas is the most important factor when calculating OGIP. Free gas, if it exists at all,
usually accounts for only a small percentage of the total gas-in-place. The calculation of adsorbed gas in CBM is
similar to that for shale gas, although a few extra parameters are considered.

Original Adsorbed Gas-in-Place (OGIPA) Calculations

Field Units Where:

[scf] A = acres
h = feet
b = ton/ft3
Cgi = scf/ton
Ca = %
Cw = %

Metric Units Where:

[m3] A = square meters
h = meters
b = g/cm3
Cgi = cm3/g
Ca = %
Cw = %

Note: To view the calculation of Cgi, see Langmuir Isotherm. Free-gas calculations are the same for all gas
reservoirs.

Abandonment of CBM Reservoirs

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CBM reservoir abandonment can be determined by recovery factor, pressure, or carbon dioxide concentration. All three
are user-defined, and are based on economics. In Harmony, abandonment by pressure or carbon dioxide concentration
is available under the same menu, although only one of the factors needs to be specified for a calculation to occur.
Please note that if abandonment pressure is not defined, it is assumed to be 0 psi(a)/kPa(a) by the software.
Likewise, if (CO2)ab is not defined, it is assumed to be 100%.

Copyright 2014 IHS Inc.

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