The Smart Traction Power System

Applying Smart Grid Technology

to Network Electrification

Dr Dave Hewings

1
Great Western Electrification

London - Bristol
200 km
London - Didcot
Long-distance, suburban and freight
Didcot - Bristol
Long distance and freight

2
London Bristol Electrification
Legend Malvern Hills
Banbury
Hereford
Non-electrified route Milton
Electrified route Wye Valley Keynes
National Grid transmission line
National Grid substation
Urban area
Walham Luton Stevenag
Station on electrified route
Cheltenham
National Park

N BEACONS Forest Parks and National Forest Dunstable

Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty
Gloucester The
Lake Cotswolds Aylesbury
Hemel
Oxford Hempstead St Albans

High
ern Wycombe
Cwmbran
v

Didcot
Se

Watford
R

The Chilterns

Newport Swindon Slough LONDON

Avonmouth
CARDIFF Reading
Richmond
Bristol
Melksham O
Newbury Sutton
Bath Bramley Cro
Weston-super-Mare
North Wessex
ANN Downs
EL Basingstoke
Mendip
Bridgwater Bay Hills Guildford

Surrey Hills
Bridgwater Crawley
Quantock
Hills Salisbury Horsham
Taunton Cranborne Chase & Winchester

West Wiltshire Downs

Yeovil Southampton SOUTH DOWNS
Blackdown NEW
Hills FOREST Fareham
Worthing
Brighton
e Solen
Dorset Th t Portsmouth
Poole Scale 1:1 000 000
1 cm to 10 kilometres or about 1 inch to 16 miles

Selsey Bill
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 Km

Crown copyright 201 1. All rights reserved. Bournemouth Foreland

0 5 10 15 20 25 Miles
Poole Bay The
East Devon Needles
L B I l fP b k

3
Demand Analysis

4
Fault Analysis

5
Electromagnetic Induction Analysis

1
Energy Loss

2
Integrated Protection & Control

Application of IEC 61850 substation data architectures.

Reduced wiring.
Reduced installation time and cost.
Standardisation of hardware design.
Increased functionality.
Extensible system architecture.
Enabling technology for the Smart Traction Power Supply.

3
How It Was

Labour-intensive

Limited capability

Inflexible

4
How It Was

5
How It Was

Protection settings were:

Simple to apply: minimising human error.

Limited in scope.

Visibly verifiable.

6
Things Have Changed

Increased relay functionality

Large increase in settings and configurations

Complexity issues

Configuration management issues

Impracticable to address on-site

7
Integrated Protection & Control

Application of IEC 61850 substation data architectures.

Reduced wiring.
Reduced installation time and cost.
Standardisation of hardware design.
Increased functionality.
Extensible system architecture.
Enabling technology for the Smart Traction Power Supply.

8
IEC 61850

A standard architecture for communication networks and

systems in substations

Not a protocol

A single world standard for the integration of secondary systems

9
Station Bus Concept
Design Methodology

IEC 61850-4: System and Project Management

Structured approach

Object-oriented architecture

UML is an ideal language for outline design

11
Substation Instance Diagram
WKNG: tSubstation

WKNGH1: tVoltageLevel

WKNGH1Q1: tBay

12
Functional Decomposition
LD
=WKNGH1Q1LD1

3Z< (21) LLN0

=WKNGH1Q1LD1LLN0

PDIS PDIS PDIS

=WKNGH1Q1LD1PDIS1 =WKNGH1Q1LD1PDIS2 =WKNGH1Q1LD1PDIS3

RFLO RBRF RFLO

=WKNGH1Q1LD1RFLO1 =WKNGH1Q1LD1RBRF1 =WKNGH1Q1LD1RFLO1

PTRC SSYS
=WKNGH1Q1LD1PTRC1 =WKNGH1Q1LD1SSYS1

13
Scheme Functional Diagram

3Z< (21)

Main Trip

Main Prot. Failed

Main Prot.Op. (Z1)

Main Prot. Op. (Z2)

Main Prot. Op. (Z3)

Breaker Failed

Distance to Fault

14
The Eden Project

Eden substation is a 33 kV three-phase substation supply the

d.c. traction network in Sussex.

In 2010 Eden was enhanced for 12-car services, and was the
first IEC 61850 substation developed by Network Rail.

Hybrid hard-wiring and data communications was installed to

provide for a phased introduction now operating fully with
IEC 61850.

15
Station Bus Concept
The Extended Station Bus

An extension of existing IEC 61850 principles.

Takes advantage of ability to provide dedicated

communications along railway.

Considers the railway network as a system, not isolated

substation sites.

17
North West Electrification

The first application of IEC 61850 to 25 kV electrification in

the UK.

Provides extended station bus technology for the first time

on any system.

Hybrid approach provides for phased introduction.

18
GWML Extended Station Bus

19
GOOSE Messaging

LAN communication system for critical protection messages

High speed and deterministic
Requires LAN or dedicated communication channel
Can utilise fibre cable installed with RSC

20
Fault Protection Sequence

21
Fault Protection Sequence

22
Fault Protection Sequence

23
Fault Protection Sequence

24
Fault Protection Sequence

25
Fault Protection Sequence

26
Fault Protection Sequence

27
Fault Protection Sequence

28
Fault Protection Sequence

29
Fault Protection Sequence

30
Enhanced Control

Extended station bus allows control to be provided to any

location.

Switches can be categorised as:

Operational, and controlled;
Maintenance, and manual.

Overall reduction in line switches expected.

31
Standard Isolations

Section switches motorised and controlled and located in

conjunction with operations requirements.

Option of aligning isolation points with possession blocking

points.

Option of moving to standard isolations.

Isolation and earthing at sources of supply provided

automatically by system.

32
The Future

Equipping substations now with protection and control to the

world standard (IEC 61850) provides modern data
communications to the electrification system.

Applications of the core technology are expected to develop

rapidly.

Smart grid technology for use of substation data for control,

maintenance monitoring, protection and energy metering is
developing at a rapid pace: the smart traction power system.

33
The Smart Traction Power System

Understands how switchgear is linked to provide a traction

supply.
Knows its energy usage and losses.
Configures itself to the needs of the train service.
Manages its protection settings.
Knows its operating history and maintenance requirements.
Monitors its performance.
Knows when it needs enhancement.

34