Chapter 11 & 12 Bedding and Backfill

Chapter11&12BeddingandBackfill
Ch11Section9DesignofSewers

(c)(i)(F)(I)Excavation.
Trench width from the
Trenchwidthfromthe
trenchbottomtoapoint
onefootabovethetopof
thepipeshallbenoless
th th
thantheoutsidediameter
t id di t
ofthepipeplus8
inchesbutnotmorethan
24 inches plus the pipe
24inchesplusthepipe
O.D.Thetrenchbottom
shallbeexcavatedforthe
pipebell.Rockwithin6
i h
inchesshallberemoved.
h ll b d
Thetrenchshallbe
dewatered.
Ch11Section9DesignofSewers

(c)(i)(F)(II)Bedding.
Bedding shall be designed
Beddingshallbedesigned
inaccordancewith:
1) Rigidpipe.TypesA,B,
C (Water Pollution
C(WaterPollution
ControlFederation
ManualofPractice
No.9)orASTMC12
)
81.
2) FlexiblePipe.TypesI,
II,III,ASTMD232174.
, ,
Ch11Section9DesignofSewers

(c)(i)(F)(II)Backfill.Backfill
shall be performed
shallbeperformed
withoutdisturbingpipe
alignment.Backfillshall
not contain debris, fro en
notcontaindebris,frozen
materials,unstable
material,orlargeclods.
Stonesgreaterthanthree
inchesindiametershall
notbeplacedwithintwo
feetofpipe.Compaction
shallbetoadensityequal
toorgreaterthanthe
surroundingsoil.
Ch12Section14DistributionSystems

(f)(i)Excavation.The
trench bottom shall be
trenchbottomshallbe
excavatedforthepipe
bell.Allrockshallbe
removed within 6 inches
removedwithin6inches
ofthepipe.Thetrench
shallbedewateredforall
work.
Ch12Section14DistributionSystems

(f)(i)Bedding.Bedding
shall be designed in
shallbedesignedin
accordancewithASTM
C12 typesA,B,C for
rigid pipe and ASTM
rigidpipeandASTM
D2321 typesI,II,III for
flexiblepipe.
Ch12Section14DistributionSystems

(f)(i)Installation.Thepipe
shall be joined to assure a
shallbejoinedtoassurea
watertightfitting.Ductile
ironpipeshallbeinstalled
in accordance with AWWA
inaccordancewithAWWA
600andPVCpipingshall
beinstalledinaccordance
withAWWAM23.
Ch12Section14DistributionSystems

(f)(vi)Backfill.Backfill
shall be performed
shallbeperformed
withoutdisturbingpipe
alignment.Backfillshall
not contain debris, fro en
notcontaindebris,frozen
materials,unstable
material,orlargeclods.
Stonesgreaterthan3
inchesindiametershall
notbeplacedwithin2
feetofpipe.Compaction
shallbetoadensityequal
toorgreaterthanthe
surroundingsoil.
D t il f B ddi
DetailsofBeddingandBackfill
d B kfill
KeyConsideration toIncreaseUsefulLife

ProjectedUsefulLife
M i 100years
SewerMain
S 100
WaterMain50years
InvestigatedSubsurface
Conditionsandthen
design
CompactEmbedment
MaterialsUnderPipe
Haunches
ControlMigrationof
Fines
Compaction
Seepagealongpipe
KeyConsideration toIncreaseUsefulLife

AdministerandEnforce
Your Contract
YourContract

FullTimeProfessional
I
Inspection
ti

CallWDEQWeHavea
CopyoftheApproved
PlansandSpecifications

4footisnot6foot
Uphillisnotdownhill
SoilClassification Examples

1) AASHTO TheAmerican
AssociationofStateHighway
TransportationOfficials
i ffi i l
ClassificationSystemisBasedon
theSieveAnalysis,LiquidLimit
andPlasticityIndex.
2) USCS UnifiedSoilClassification
USCS Unified Soil Classification
System ClassificationSystemis
BasedontheGrainSize
Distribution,LiquidLimitand
PlasticityIndexoftheSoil.
a) Coarse grainedsoils,Gravel
Soils(G),SandSoils(S),
subcategories well graded
(W),significantclay(C),poorly
graded(P),significantsilt(M)
b)) Fine grainedsoils,Inorganic
Silts(M),InorganicClays(C),
OrganicSiltsandClays(O),
subcategories lowandhigh
compressibilities(LL)(>50and
<50)
UnifiedSoilClassificationSystem

USCS

1) Fines passesNo.200
2) Clay exhibitplasticity
3) Silt nonplastic
4) Sand passNo.4not200
5) Gravel rockthatwillpassa
3inchbutnotainch
opening
p g
6) Cobbles rockthatwillpassa
12inchopeningbutnota3
inch
7) Boulders
Boulders rockthatwillnot
rock that will not
passa12inchopening
ASTMD2321Underground InstallationofThermoplasticPipefor
SewersandOtherGravityFlowApplications

Whatisthematerialclass?
F T
ForTypesI,IIandIII
I II d III
(ClassofMaterial)
ManufacturedAggregates&
CoarseGrainedSoils
100%Passing1Sieve
ForIanII
<5%PassingNo.200Sieve
NonPlastic
ForIII12%to50%
ASTMD2321Underground InstallationofThermoplasticPipefor
SewersandOtherGravityFlowApplications

Wherecanthematerial
class be used?
classbeused?
ForBedding
ClassIASuitableas
restricted above Install in
restrictedabove.Installin
6inchmaximumlayers.
Levelfinalgradebyhand
Minimumdepth4inch(6
inchinrockcuts).
ForHaunching
ClassIASuitableas
restrictedabove.Installin
6inchmaximumlayers.
Workinaroundthepipeto
provideuniformsupport.
id if t
AWWAManual ofWaterSupplyPracticesM23

TheUpperLimit
ForRoundStoneis
1Inches

TheUpperLimit
F A
ForAngularRockis
l R ki
Inches
 Final Backfill
FinalBackfill

InitialBackfill

Pipe

Haunching Haunching

Bedding

Foundation
WDEQMinimumPipeBedding ZoneRequirements

WDEQMinimum
6inchesof
PipeBeddingZone
beddingabove
Requirements

4inchesof
6inchesof beddingbelow
b ddi i
beddinginrock
k
WDEQ BackfillZone
MaximumSize
MinimumPipe ofBackfillis3
Bedding Zone
Zone inches within 2
incheswithin2
feetofthepipe
18inches
Requirements
Compaction
Compaction
Equalto
Existing
Soils

6inches
BeddingZone

4inches
ForRigidPipe

BackfillLoad&LiveLoads

ForRigidPipethe
l di t
loadistransmitted
itt d
throughthepipe
wallstothe
foundationsoil
beneaththepipe.

FromPipeline
Installation.
ll i
FoundationSupport ByAmsterHoward
ForFlexiblePipe
BackfillLoad&LiveLoads

SideSupport SideSupport

ForFlexiblePipe
theloadis
transmitted
transmitted
throughthepipe
wallstothesoilon
thesidesand FromPipeline
foundationsoil Installation.
beneaththepipe. FoundationSupport ByAmsterHoward
WyomingPublicWorksSec02225TrenchBackfill

Part2Products
2.01Materials
A. PipeBeddingMaterials
1. Type1Beddingmaterialaround
thepipefromsix(6)inchesunder
thepipetotwelve(12)inches
overthepipeshallconsistof
h i h ll i f
coursegrainedsoils(over50%
retainedonaNo.200Sieve)and
lessthan5%finessuchasgravel,
sand,orsiltysandmeeting
, y g
unifiedsoilclassification
requirementsasperASTM
designationD2487fortype
GW,GP,GM,GC,SW,SP,SM&SCor
as specifically approved by the
asspecificallyapprovedbythe
engineer.
WyomingPublicWorksSec02225TrenchBackfill

Part2Products
2.01Materials
A. PipeBeddingMaterials
Beddingmaterialshallnot
consistoffinesoil(lessthan
50%retainedonaNo.200
sieve)suchassilt,clay&
i ) h ilt l &
organicsoilsmeeting
requirementsforsoiltypes
ML,CH&PT.Bedding
material shall be free from
materialshallbefreefrom
clods,frozenmaterials,or
stonelargerthaninchin
theirmaximumdimension.
Wherewetorotherwise
unstableconditionsexist,
bl di i i
thematerialinthiszoneshall
befreedraining,nonplastic
material.
WyomingPublicWorksSec02225TrenchBackfill

Part2Products
2.01Materials
A. PipeBeddingMaterials
Wheresuitablematerialis
availableinthematerial
excavatedfromthetrench
theContractormay
procuretheselect
materialbyscreening,
t i lb i
siftingormanuallysorting
thematerialremoved
from the trench in a
fromthetrenchina
mannerapprovedbythe
Engineer.
WyomingPublicWorksSec02225TrenchBackfill

Part2Products
2.01Materials
A. PipeBeddingMaterials
2.Type2PipeBeddingis
requiredforfoundationin
overexcavatedtrenchesand
shallconsistofthebedding
materialfromsix(6)inches
underthepipeandbelow.
g
Thebeddingmaterialshall
consistofsand,sandygravel,
compactedrockorgravel
havingamaximumsizeof1
inches,uniformlygradedand
, yg
havingamaximumplasticity
ofsix(6)asdeterminedby
AASHTOMethodsT89andT
90
90.
WyomingPublicWorksSec02225TrenchBackfill

Part3Execution
3.01Construction
A. CommonandSelectBackfill
2. Aftertheselectpipebedding
materialshasbeenplacedand
compactedasspecifiedabove,
theremainderofthetrench
h i d f h h
backfillingshallbedone.All
backfillmaterialsshallbefree
fromcinders,ashes,refuse,
organicandfrozenmaterial,
g ,
boulders,orothermaterialsthat
areunsuitable.Fromone(1)foot
abovethetopofthepipetosix
(6)inchesbelowtheground
surface or to the subgrade
surface,ortothesubgrade
elevationforstreetsorpaved
surfaces,materialcontaining
stonesuptofour(4)inchesinthe
greatestdimensionmaybeused.
WyomingPublicWorksSec02225TrenchBackfill

Part3Execution
3.01 Construction
3.01Construction
B.TypeATrenchBackfill
Streets,PavedAreasorAlleys

Materialsusedforbedding
andbackfillshallbecarefully
depositedindepthlayers
suitabletotheequipment
usedforcompaction,wetted
to3%belowto2%above
optimummoisturecontent,
andcompactedtoatleast
96%maximumdensityas
determinedbyAASHTOT99
(StandardProctor).
WyomingPublicWorksSec02225TrenchBackfill

Part3Execution
3.01 Construction
3.01Construction
C.TypeBTrenchBackfill Fields,
BorrowPits,UnimprovedStreets
orOtherUnsurfacedAreas.
1 M t i l
1.MaterialsusedforTypeB
df T B
TrenchBackfillshallnotrequire
specialcompaction.Thematerial
shallbecompactedinlayersto
achieve a density approximately
achieveadensityapproximately
equaltothedensityofthe
existingsoil.
Questions?