RUMUS 16 TENSES
SIMPLE CONTINUOUS
PRESENT Simple Present
Verbal (+) S + V1 + s/es
(-) S + (do/does) + not + V1
(?) (do/does) + S + V1
Nominal (+) S + (is/am/are) + 3C
(-) S + (is/am/are) + not + 3C
(?) (is/am/are) + S + 3C
PAST Simple Past
Verbal (+) S + V2
(-) S + did + not + V1
(?) Did + S + V1
Nominal (+) S + (was/were) + 3C
(-) S + (was/were) + not +3C
(?) (was/were) S + 3C
FUTURE Simple Future
Verbal (+) S + (shall/will) + V1
(-) S + (shall/will) + not + V1
(?) (shall/will) + S + V1
(/) S + (is/am/are) + going to + V1
Nominal (+) S + (shall/will) + be + 3C
(-) S + (shall/will) + not + be + 3C
(?) (shall/will) + S + be + 3C
PAST
Simple Past Future
FUTURE
Verbal (+) S + (should/would) + V1
(-) S + (should/would) + not + V1
(?) (should/would) + S + V1
(/) S + (was/were) + going to + V1
Nominal (+) S + (should/would) + be + 3C
(-) S + (should/would) + not + be
+ 3C
(?) (should/would) + S + be + 3C
PERFECT
To Be + Ving
Present Continuous
(+) S + (is/am/are) + Ving
(-) S + (is/am/are) + not + Ving
(?) (is/am/are) + S + Ving
(+) S + (is/am/are) + 3C
(-) S + (is/am/are) + not + 3C
(?) (is/am/are) + S + 3C
Past Continuous
(+) S + (was/were) + Ving
(-)S + (was/were) + not + Ving
(?) (was/were) + S + Ving
(+) S + (was/were) + 3C
(-) S + (was/were) + not + 3C
(?) (was/were) S + 3C
Future Continuous
(+) S + (shall/will) + be + Ving
(-) S + (shall/will) + not + be + Ving
(?) (shall/will) + S + be + Ving
(/) S + (is/am/are) + going to + V1
(+) S + (shall/will) + be + 3C
(-) S + (shall/will) + not + be + 3C
(?) (shall/will) + S + be + 3C
Past Future Continuous
(+) S + (should/would) + be + Ving
(-) S + (should/would) + not + be +
Ving
(?) (should/would) + S + be + Ving
(/) S + (was/were) + going to + V1
(+) S + (should/would) + be + 3C
(-) S + (should/would) + not + be +
3C
(?) (should/would) + S + be + 3C
PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Have/Has + V3
Present Perfect
(+) S + (have/has) + V3
(-) S + (have/has) + not + V3
(?) (have/has) + S + V3
(+) S + (have/has) + been + 3C
(-) S + (have/has) + not + been + 3C
(?) (have/has) + S + been + 3C
Past Perfect
(+) S + had + V3
(-)S + had + not + V3
(?) had + S + V3
(+) S + had + been + 3C
(-) S + had + not + been + 3C
(?) Had + S + been + 3C
Future Perfect
(+) S + (shall/will) + have + V3
(-) S + (shall/will) + not + have + V3
(?) (shall/will) + S + have + V3
(+) S + (shall/will) + have + been + 3C
(-) S + (shall/will) + not + have + been + 3C (-) S + (shall/will) + not + have + been + 3C
(?) (shall/will) + S + have + been + 3C
Past Future Perfect
(+) S + (should/would) + have + V3
(-) S + (should/would) + not + have + V3
(?) (should/would) + S + have + V3
(+) S + (should/would) + have + been + 3C
(-) S + (should/would) + not + have + been
+ 3C
(?) (should/would) + S + have + been + 3C
Have + Been + Ving
Present Perfect Continuous
(+) S + (have/has) + been + Ving
(-) S + (have/has) + not + been + Ving
(?) (have/has) + S + been + Ving
(+) S + (have/has) + been + 3C
(-) S + (have/has) + not + been + 3C
(?) (have/has) + S + been + 3C
Past Perfect Continuous
(+) S + had + been + Ving
(-) S + had + not + been + Ving
(?) Had + S + been + Ving
(+) S + had + been + 3C
(-) S + had + not + been + 3C
(?) Had + S + been + 3C
Future Perfect Continuous
(+) S + (shall/will) + have + been + Ving
(-) S + (shall/will) + not + have + been + Ving
(?) (shall/will) + S + have + been + Ving
(+) S + (shall/will) + have + been + 3C
(?) (shall/will) + S + have + been + 3C
Past Future Perfect Continuous
(+) S + (should/would) + have + been + Ving
(-) S + (should/would) + not + have + been +
Ving
(?) (should/would) + S + have + been + Ving
(+) S + (should/would) + have + been + 3C
(-) S + (should/would) + not + have + been +
3C
(?) (should/would) + S + have + been + 3C
 FUNGSI 16 TENSES
SIMPLE CONTINUOUS PERFECT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
PRESENT Simple Present Present Continuous Present Perfect Present Perfect Continuous
- Kebiasaan / sering dilakukan - Sedang berlangsung / dilakukan - Selesai / baru saja dilakukan, tanpa - Sudah dilakukan pada waktu lampau
- Kebenaran umum - Pasti / segera akan dilakukan menyebutkan waktu tapi masih terjadi sampai sekarang
- Jadwal umum - Kejadian yg masih berlangsung walau - Menghubungkan lampau sekarang - Sudah dilakukan tetapi masih
- Judul berita tidak sedang dilakukan - Sudah dilakukan pada waktu lampau dilakukan / belum selesai
- Perintah / permintaan singkat - Aktivitas yg sudah terjadwal tapi masih terjadi sampai sekarang - Lebih fokus terhadap waktu kejadian
- Menyatakan sifat / karakter - Akt. durasi lama tapi sementara - Sudah dilakukan tetapi masih
- Deskripsi suatu prosedur - Kebiasaan buruk yg berulang dilakukan / belum selesai
Always, never, every, usually, Now, right now, at present, soon, Just, already, once, twice, since, for a Since, all day, a long day, for, the whole
AoT
seldom, often, sometime, on today, tonight, this morning, etc. month, for a year day, all afternoon, etc
PAST Simple Past Past Continuous Past Perfect Past Perfect Continuous
- Kejadian di masa lampau - Kejadian yg sedang berlangsung di - Sudah selesai dilakukan - Kejadian yg berlangsung di masa
- Kebenaran umum masa lampau masa lampau - 2 kejadian yg telah terjadi di masa lampau dan masih terus berlanjut
- Kebiasaan di masa lampau - 2 kejadian yg sedang berlangsung lampau - Suatu kejadian yg berlangsung
bersamaan di masa lampau - Indirect speech sebelum kejadian lain terjadi di masa
- Kejadian bertahap lampau
Yesterday, last night, the day As, when, while Before, just, already, after, as soon as, When, since, for, before, after
AoT
before, two days ago until
FUTURE Simple Future Future Continuous Future Perfect Future Perfect Continuous
- Suatu kejadian yg akan - Suatu kejadian yg akan sedang - Suatu kejadian yg akan sudah - Suatu kejadian yg akan sudah
dilakukan/terjadi di masa depan dilakukan/terjadi di masa depan dilakukan/terjadi di masa depan dilakukan/terjadi di masa depan tetapi
- Pendapat, prediksi, dugaan masih berlangsung
- Permintaan - (Penekanan pada durasi waktu)
- Ajakan, saran
AoT Tomorrow, later, soon, if, next When, if, while, at this time 2morrow By tomorrow, by sunday, in two days By the end of
PAST
Simple Past Future Past Future Continuous Past Future Perfect Past Future Perfect Continuous
FUTURE
- Kejadian yg telah diprediksi di - Menyatakan suatu rencana / - Menyatakan suatu kejadian - Menyatakan suatu kejadian yg akan
masa lampau kejadian yg akan berlangsung, tapi (pengandaian) yang tidak mungkin berlangsung, tapi pada waktu spesifik di
- Pengandaian pada waktu spesifik di masa lampau terjadi, karena peristiwanya sudah masa lampau dan masih terus berlanjut
- Perintah/permintaan scra halus lewat
AoT Yesterday, last Tomorrow, on , next On/in last , at yesterday By last , by the end of