CHAPTER 7

DESIGN OF COMPRESSOR (WATER JACKET)

Compressor is the heart of vapor compression system. The three most common

types of compressor are the reciprocating, rotary, and centrifugal. But for the design in

ice plant most common use is reciprocating compressor that consist of piston moving

back and from in a cylinder with suction and discharge valves arrange to allow pumping

to take place. Also in designing ice plant water jacketing is advisable to use in

compressor where in the result in lowering the temperature of the cylinder walls, and

cooling of the vapor during compression will be greater for the compressor having a

water jacket. Too, cylinder heating is reduced and the vapor is discharged from the

compressor at a lower temperature. All of this has the effect of reducing the work of the

compression cycle. However, the gain is usually not sufficient to warrant the use of the

water jacket on most compressor, particularly compressors designed for R-12. For the

most part, water-jacketing of the compressor is limited to compressor designed for use

with refrigerants that have usually high discharge temperatures, such as ammonia. Even

then, the purpose of the jacketing is not so much for increasing compressor efficiency as

it is to reduce the rate of oil carbonization and the formation of acids, both of which

increase rapidly as the discharge temperature increases.

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 Design Condition:

Total cooling load 4.01 TOR

Type Reciprocating

Type of refrigerant ... Ammonia

Driver Electric motor

Method of transmission Belt drive

Belt efficiency 95 %

Compressor efficiency 80 %

Polytrophic constant, n 1.2

Percentage clearance 5%

Bore and stroke (L/D) 1

N (rpm) 1750 rpm

No. of cylinder 4, single acting

Compressor jacket water

Temperature of water in, twi 300C

Temperature of water out, two 350C

46
 Temperature of evaporator. te -15 0C(Psat. =237.09)

Condensing temperature, 40 0C(Psat. =1557 kpa)

From METC 5th edition compiled by Ricardo F. Del Rosario

h 1 = h g @ -15 0C = 1443.9 kJ/kg

m3
0
v1 = vg @ -15 C = 0.508013 /kg
s1 = sg @ -15 0C = 5.82725 kJ/kg0K
P1 = Psat @ -15 0C = 237.09 kpa
P2 = Psat @ 400C = 1557 kpa
s 2= s1@ P sat = 1557 kpaa ; h2 = 1738 kJ/kg
m3
v2 = 0.125 /kg

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 h 4= h 3= h f @ 400C = 390.587 kJ/kg

Calculation Procedure:

mR
Amount of refrigerant to be handled by the compressor,

Energy balance:

QRC+ MRH4 = MR H1

Qrc 14.1 KW or KJ
mR sec 0.01345 kg / sec
h1 h2 1443.9 390.587 KJ
kg

Qw
Heat rejected by the compressor,

For Polytrophic Compression

n 1

n P2 n
Qw P1V1 1 h2 h1 kJ / kg
n 1 P1

1.2 1

1.2
237.09 0.508013 1557 1 1738 1443.9
1.2
Qw
1.2 1 237.09

Qw 27.833 KJ mr
kg

Qw 27.833 KJ 0.0135kg
kg sec

Qw 0.37 kW

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Heat absorbed by the jacket cooling water, Qw

Qw 0.37 kW

But:
Qw m w Cp w t w

Where:
mw = mass flow rate of jacket cooling water to the compressor

4.187 KJ
kg 0 C
Cpw = specific heat of water =

tw = temperature difference inlet and outlet water (50C)

Therefore:

Qw 0.37 KW or KJ
mw sec 0.018kg / sec
Cp w t w
4.187 KJ 35 30 K
0

kg 0 K

Solving for the work of compressor, WC

Using the first Law of Thermodynamics

49
 Using energy balance
Energy in = Energy out
m r h 1 Wc m r h 2 Q w

Wc m h 2 h 1 Q w

Wc 0.018 kg 1738 1443.9 0.37 KJ

sec sec

Wc 5.66 KW

Solve for the compressor actual work, HP

From Kents Mechanical Engineers Handbook, page, 11-07 State that over all
efficiency of compressor in terms of ideal input work ranges from 75% to 80%. Use 80%
as a general use.

Wc
o= Wac

Wc 5.66 KW 1Hp

v 0.80 0.746 KW
Actual compressor power
Actual compressor power = 9.49 Hp

Reciprocating Compressor Drives

The compressor used in this design is practically an open type compressor driven
by an electric motor through a V-belt drive.
From machine design by Joseph E. Shigley, V-belt effy is equal to 95 %
Therefore,

50
 9.49 Hp
10 Hp
0.95
Motor Hp
From the Catalog of Reciprocating Compressors and Packages, Using CMO 28 which is
equal to 13 Hp

51
Compressor Dimensions

From Principles of refrigeration by Roy J. Dossat, page 240, single-acting

compressor is more advantageous due to smaller space requirements, higher speed and
greater flexibility. Also high speed compressor is more advantageous due to lower
displacement.

From the formula,

1
P n
v 1 C C 2
P1

Where:
v
= volumetric efficiency
C = clearance
= 5% (from Kents Mechanical Engineers Handbook)

1
1557 1. 2
v 1 0.05 0.05
237.09

v 0.81

v 81 %

52
Solving for the volume flow rate,V1

'
V1 mR v1 (0.018kg / sec) (0.508013 m 3 / sec

'
V1 0.009 m 3 / sec

Solve for volume displacement, VD

0.009
0.81

VD =

m 3 / sec
VD = 0.01

Piston Displacement, PD

V1
PD
v

But:
D 2 LNn
PD : DL
4

Where:

N speed of piston

N no. of cylinder

53
 4 (0.01)
D
3 rev 1min 2
(1750 ) ( 4) ( )( )
min 60 sec rev

D 0.026 m 26mm

Therefore,
L D 26mm

Ammonia Compressor Specifications

Types Belt Driven Reciprocating Compressor (Water Cooled)

Model CMO 28

Number Required 1 Unit

NH 3
Refrigerant Ammonia

Suction Temperature -15

Condensing Temperature 40

Suction Pressure 237.09 kPa

Discharge Pressure 1557 kPa

Cooling water temperature:

30C 85 F
Entering

35C 95 F
Leaving

Number of Cylinder 4 Cylinders, Single Acting

54
Piping Requirements:

Inlet size 2.5 inches NPS (schedule 40)

Outlet size 2 inches NPS (schedule 80)

Polytrophic Constant 1.2

Percent Clearance 5%

Tons of Refrigeration 4.01 tons (14.1 kW)

Discharge Temperature 35C

N(rpm) 1800

Heat Rejected to Compressor Cooling Water 0.37 kW

Mass Flow Rate of Ammonia 0.0135 kg/sec

Mass Flow Rate of Cooling Water 0.018 kg/sec

Total Volumetric Efficiency 88.23%

m3
sec
Actual Volume of Suction Vapor Compressed 0.009

m3
min
Piston Displacement 1.955

Diameter of the Cylinder Bore 0.026 m

Length of Stroke 0.026 m

Work of Compression 5.66 kW

Actual Power Requirement 9.49 Hp

Electric Motor Drive Use 13 Hp standard size motor,

3 phase, 400 volts, 50 Hz

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