BULETINUL INSTITUTULUI POLITEHNIC DIN IAI

BULLETIN OF THE POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE OF IAI

Tomul LVI (LX), Fasc. 4A 2010

MACHINE CONSTRUCTION

CONTENTS
Pag.
1. MACHINE DESIGN, TRIBOLOGY AND SURFACE
ENGINEERING, CAD AND MECHANICAL
VIBRATIONS, MECHATRONICS
MIHAI AVRAM, CONSTANTIN BUCSAN, VICTOR CONSTANTIN,
Hardware and Software Development of a Pneutronic Positioning Unit. 1

CTLINA AXINTE, DANIELA-LUCIA CHICET, IONU-LUCIAN

BISTRICIANU, CORNELIU MUNTEANU, Materials Specific to
Gears Used in Automotive Industry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

MIHAELA RODICA BLAN, CIPRIAN STAMATE, MARCELIN

BENCHEA, ALINA DUMITRACU, Experimental Study of Friction
in Dry Micro Rough Contacts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

CONSTANTIN-IOAN BRBN, PETER LORENZ, SPIRIDON CREU,

The Pressure Distribution in the Wheel-Rail Contact Using Measured
Profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

CONSTANTIN-IOAN BRBN, PETER LORENZ, SPIRIDON CREU,

The Lateral Shift of the Wheelset and Pressure Distribution in the
Wheel-Rail Contact. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

MIHAELA BARHALESCU, CONSTANTIN DUMITRACHE, Corrosion

Resistance of Superficial Layers in Sea Water. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

IONU LUCIAN BISTRICIANU, DANIELA LUCIA CHICET, CTLINA

AXINTE, CORNELIU MUNTEANU, Wear Test and Sem Analysis
For Cp-Ti Air Oxidised Samples. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

ION BOSTAN, PETER LORENZ, VALERIU DULGHERU, EUGENIU

RUSU, VBA Role in Generating Precessional Wheel Tooth Profile in
Solid Works. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

CARMEN BUJOREANU, BARBU DRGAN, MIHAELA RODICA

BLAN, A Kinematics Model for Ball Bearings with Scuffing Risk. . 61

W. CALLES, M. DEGAND, M. KALAN, A. LELLIG, Einfluss der

Wrmebehandlung auf die Lebensdauer von Komponenten aus dem
Werkzeugstahl X155crmov12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
VLAD CRLESCU, GHEORGHE PRISCARU, DUMITRU OLARU
MIHAELA ALEXANDRU, GEORGE STIUBIANU, Micro-
Displacements Study of some Dielectric Elastomer Electroactive
Polymers as Potential Actuators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

DANIELA-LUCIA CHICET, IONU-LUCIAN BISTRICIANU, CTLINA

AXINTE, CORNELIU MUNTEANU, Aps Coatings Used to Improve
Life of Bearings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81

FLORINA CARMEN CIORNEI, STELIAN ALACI, DELIA CERLINCA,

ILIE MUSCA, LUMINITA IRIMESCU, OVIDIU RUSU, Some
Aspects Regarding Cylindrical Bellows Behaviour under Various
Loads. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87

FLORINA CARMEN CIORNEI, STELIAN ALACI, DELIA CERLINCA,

GHEORGHE FRUNZ, LUMINIA IRIMESCU, SIMION PATRA-
CICEU, Finite Element Study of Rectangular Corrugated Bellows
under Compression and Bending. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

NICOLAE CRACIUNOIU, DANEL SEMENESCU, NICOLAE DUMITRU,

ION MANEA, On the Modeling and Analysis of The Directory
Apparatus-Part of a Hydraulic Turbine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99

DRGAN BARBU, CARMEN BUJOREANU, CEZAR OPRIAN, The

Active Vibration Control in the Mechatronic Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107

MIHAELA ISTRATE, CONSTANTIN ONESCU, NICOLAE POPA,

BARBU DRGAN, Considerations Regarding the Geometrical
Optimisation of a Mechanical Face Seal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113

PETER LORENZ, CONSTANTIN I. BRBN, Optimierung des

Schienenverkehrs Durch Achsen mit Vrenderlichen Spurweiten-
System Lobar. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119

VIOREL PALEU, SPIRIDON CRETU, The Behaviour of Kerosene in Hybrid

Concentrated Contacts. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129

GABRIEL POPESCU, Theoretical and Experimental Investigation on the

Influence of Fit Pressure in Elastic-Plastic Rolling Contact. . . . . . . . . . . 135

GABRIEL POPESCU, Elastic-Plastic Rolling Contact of a Sphere and

Periodic Real Rough Surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141

DANIEL REZMIRE, VASILE BOCNE, ALFREDO MONFARDINI, CRISTINA

RACOCEA, CEZAR RACOCEA, Free Angle of Misalignment in Ball
Bearings.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147

DANIEL REZMIRE, VASILE BOCNE, ALFREDO MONFARDINI, CRISTINA

RACOCEA, CEZAR RACOCEA, Slewing Bearing Lubrication &
Maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
DANIEL REZMIRE, VASILE BOCNE, ALFREDO MONFARDINI,
CRISTINA RACOCEA, CEZAR RACOCEA, Non-Diametrical Four
Point Contact Ball Bearings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159

PETRE LUCIAN SEICIU, IOAN DAN FILIPOIU, TIBERIU LAURIAN,

Mechatronic System for Gait Simulation SIMESIM. . .. . . . . . . . . . . 163

PETRE STAN, The Spectral Density Of The Response for Random Vibration
of Non-Linear Oscillators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169

CRISTINA STNESCU, LUCIAN TUDOSE, DUMITRU POP, NICOLAE

URSU-FISCHER, Rolling Movement Simulation of a 21 M Boom
Spray . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179

CRISTEL TIRBU, TEFAN GRIGORA, Tapered Threaded Joint for

Tubing And Casing Theoretical Considerations and Design Problems . . 185

ANA URZIC, RODICA BLAN, SPIRIDON CREU, Simulation Methods

of Gaussian Surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
2. THEORY OF MECHANISMS AND MACHINERY,
ROBOTICS
AHMED ABU HANIEH, JAMAL SIAM, Sun Tracking Smart System . . . . . 199
STELIAN ALACI, FLORINA CARMEN CIORNEI, CONSTANTIN
FILOTE, DUMITRU AMARANDEI, LUMINITA IRIMESCU DELIA
CERLINCA, Numerical versus Analytical Results in Kinematics of
RCCC Mechanism. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
STELIAN ALACI, FLORINA CARMEN CIORNEI, CONSTANTIN
FILOTE, DUMITRU AMARANDEI, LUMINITA IRIMESCU DELIA
CERLINCA, FEM Analysis of Wobble Plate Mechanism. . . . . . . . . . 213
VIRGIL ATANASIU, CRISTINA ROZMARIN, DUMITRU LEOHCHI,
MIHAI-RADU IACOB, Robust Design for Minimization of Dynamic
Transmission Error of Spur Gear Pairs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
ADRIAN BRUJA, MARIAN DIMA, FRNCU CTLIN, Determining
Precessional Gearing Profile Equations Based on the Fundamental Law
of Gearing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227
FLORENTIN BUIUM, CEZAR OPRIAN, CEZAR DUCA, IOAN
DOROFTEI, About Workspace Shape of an 3-RRR Planar Parallel
Mechanism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233
ADRIANA COMANESCU, DINU COMANESCU, ILEANA DUGAESESCU,
About the Fixed Sequence Walking Microrobots Modelling . . . . . . . 243
CEZAR DUCA, FLORENTIN BUIUM, Questions about Self-Blocking of
Mechanisms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249
ERWIN-CHRISTIAN LOVASZ, DAN PERJU, IOSIF CRBA,
KARL-HEINZ MODLER, EUGEN SEVER ZBAV, Basic Circle
Radius of the Cam Mechanism with Flat Oscillating Follower . . . . . . . 255
DUMITRU LEOHCHI, EUGEN MERTICARU, The Direct and Inverse
Simulation of the DC Motor Speed Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263

STELIAN MIHALCEA, NICOLAE PANDREA, A Kinematic Analysis of

the Valve Timing Mechanism with Three Elements and Continuous
Valve Lift . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271
SNDEL OGARU, NICOLAE PANDREA, The Numerical Computation of
the Multi-Link Five Point Suspension. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277
DNU RECEANU, CEZAR OPRIAN, EMIL BUDESCU, Method for the
Design of Servomechanism Position Control. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285
MARIUS RECEANU, GHEORGHE PLEU, SPIRIDON DAN
DSCLESCU, The Air Flow Control for a Car-Engine Cooling
System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297
CRISTINA GABRIELA ROZMARIN, SID AHMED BERRABAH,
Autonomous Robot Navigation Based on Fuzzy Logic and
Reinforcement Learning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307
BOGDAN STIRBU, Constitutive Models of Shape Memory Alloys a Review . 313
HANS-BERNHARD WOYAND, Modern Software Methods for the
Simulation of Planar Mechanisms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319
3. MECHANICS OF DEFORMABLE BODIES
MIHAIL AIGNTOAIE, HANS-BERNHARD WOYAND, PAVOL
SEDLAR, FEA Study Of The Sphere - Elastic Plane Impact. . . . . . . . .
331
MIHAIL AIGNTOAIE, FEA Study of the Stress Concentration in a U-Shaped Notch
Modeled with Circular and Elliptical Arcs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
337
MONICA ANDRONACHE, NORINA FORNA, PAUL BRSNESCU, BOGDAN
LEIOIU, Study of Stress and Strain Distribution on a Partial Clasp Dental
Prostheses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343

MONICA ANDRONACHE, NORINA FORNA, PAUL BRSNESCU,

BOGDAN LEIOIU, Study of Stress on the Prosthetic Field Elements
by Finite Element Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353

COSTIC ATANASIU, TEFAN SOROHAN, Numerical Simulation

Stability Analysis of the Longerons of a Metallic Orthotropic Plate. . . . 361

CIPRIAN ATNSOAEI, VIOREL GOAN, The Fault Tree Diagram

for the Calculation of the Occurrence Probability of Faults in Ceramic
Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369
DORU CANTEMIR, PAUL BRSNESCU, SERGIU GHERASIM, Finite
Element Modelling of Residual Stresses in Monel Butt-Plate Welding. 375

VASILE CIOFOAIA, CAMELIA CERBU, FLORIN DOGARU, SORIN

POPA, On the determination of the Macromechanical Characteristics
of Composite Materials by Three-Point Flexure Tests. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . 381

LIVIU COMAN, Analytical Considerations Regarding Crack Emerging in

Low Carbon Steel . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389

LIVIU COMAN, Particular Cases of Load in Low Carbon Steel Cracking . . . 395

CORNELIU COMANDAR, DOREL LEON, NICUOR AMARIEI,

CONSTANTIN DUMITRACHE, Creep Test Results and
Interpolations for a Low Alloy Steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403

CORNELIU COMANDAR, DOREL LEON, NICUOR AMARIEI,

CONSTANTIN DUMITRACHE, The Equation of Plastic Strain
Accumulation During the Creep of Low Alloy Steel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411

ALEXANDRA DENISA DANCIU, HORAIU ALIN MOCIRAN,

Estimation of Modelling Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 417

ALEXANDRA DENISA DANCIU, HORAIU ALIN MOCIRAN, Shell

Elements and Their Application in Structural Mechanics . . . . . . . . . . . 423

ION DUMITRU, LORAND KUN, MIHAI HLUCU, Life-Time Estimation

of an Autofrettaged Cylinder under Repeated Dynamic Pressure . . . . . 429

VIOREL GOAN, CIPRIAN ATNSOAEI, The Fault Tree Diagram

for the Calculation of the Occurrence Probability of Faults in Ceramic
Materials. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437

RAIMOND GRIMBERG, ADRIANA SAVIN, FILIPE SILVA, PAUL DORU

BRSNESCU, PETRIC DANIEL SLVSTRU, ROZINA
STEIGMANN, Degradation of CFRP with Woven Fabric
Reinforcement and PPS as Matrix Due Water Action . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 443

RAIMOND GRIMBERG, ADRIANA SAVIN, ROZINA STEIGMANN,

PAUL BOTEZ, PAUL DORU BRSNESCU, Resonant Ultrasound
Spectroscopy: Theory and Some Applications . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 449

MIRCEA IEREMIA, EMIL VOICULESCU, Design Based on Performance.

Reabilitation of an Existing Hospital Construction Situated in a High
Risk Seismic Area. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . 455

ANDREAS IOANNOU, MIRCEA MODIGA, ALINA DIMACHE, Ultimate

Longitudinal Strength of a Corrosion Bulk Carrier Hull . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 473
DOREL LEON, CORNELIU COMANDAR, NICUOR AMARIEI, The
Recurrence Computation of The Displacements at the Beam on Elastic
Medium, Loaded With Concentrated Force . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 481

VASILE MARINA, VIORICA MARINA, Calculus of the Intern Parameters

and Elasticity Constants at the Macroscopic Level. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 489

FLORENTINA MOCANU, Results Regarding the Breaking Resistance of the

Adhesive Joints with Composite Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 495

HORAIU-ALIN MOCIRAN, ALEXANDRA-DENISA DANCIU,

Effectiveness of Viscoelastic Dampers in Mitigating Seismic Response
of a Single Degree of Freedom Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 501

HORAIU-ALIN MOCIRAN, ALEXANDRA-DENISA DANCIU,

Evaluation of Seismic Energy Response of a Single Degree of
Freedom Structure Equipped with Viscous Dampers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 507

VALERIA MONEGUU, VETURIA CHIROIU, MIHAI POPESCU, On the

Squeaking of the Ceramic on Ceramic Total Hip Prosthesis . . . . . . . . . 513

VASILE NASTASESCU, Numerical Modeling of some Specific Tests of

Plastics Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 521

IONEL RUSU, VASILE CIOFOAIA, On the Approach of the Bending of

Thin Circular Plates with Large Displacements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 529

LAURENIU SLTINEANU, MARGARETA COTEA, OANA DODUN,

NICOLAE POP, IRINA BELIU GRIGORA, Plastic Deformation of
Bodies Under the Action of the Laser Beam. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 537

PETRE P. TEODORESCU, LIGIA MUNTEANU, VETURIA CHIROIU,

DAN DUMITRIU, On the Simulation of the Nanoindentation
Technique with Application to the Buckling of Carbon Nanotubes. . . . . 545

GEORGE VEZEANU, A Simple Semi-Active Control Approach for

Multistoried Steel Structures in Seismic Conditions of Romania . . . . . . 551

ALEX B. WALDAUER, HEIDI P. FEIGENBAUM, CONSTANTIN

CIOCANEL, Magnetic Shape Memory Alloys under Complex Load
Paths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 559

HANS-BERNHARD WOYAND, MIHAIL AIGNATOAIE, Reduction of

Notch Stresses Using Simplified Geometric Design. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 567
 HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT OF
A PNEUTRONIC POSITIONING UNIT
by
MIHAI AVRAM, CONSTANTIN BUCSAN and VICTOR
CONSTANTIN

Abstract. The paper presents the design methodology of the

hardware and software structure of a pneutronic positioning unit. The
stages to be achieved are presented, related to an experimental model
built by the authors. The model allowed the experimental verification of
the built hardware structure and of the developed application software,
and the results validated the design methodology.
Key words: pneutronic, positioning unit.

MATERIALS SPECIFIC TO GEARS USED IN AUTOMOTIVE

INDUSTRY
by
CTLINA AXINTE, DANIELA-LUCIA CHICET,
IONU-LUCIAN BISTRICIANU and CORNELIU MUNTEANU

Abstracts The gears are the simplest gear mechanisms that transmit
rotary motion between two shafts and reductors used in construction of
general use in automotive transmissions. Principal advantages are constant
transmission report and high efficiency while the principal disadvantages
are high precision of execution and high cost of fabrication. Gears are
power transmission elements and they have to be made from special
materials, because the gears decide the torque, speed and direct rotation of
the driven shaft. Today many materials are available to a gear designer.
Material analysis, show us that the theoretical limits of chemical
composition are found in the material structure, which we have analyzed.
Microstructures and the chemical analysis tell us that the material is
homogeneous.
Key words: gears, torque.

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF FRICTION IN DRY

MICRO ROUGH CONTACTS
by
MIHAELA RODICA BLAN, CIPRIAN STAMATE, MARCELIN
BENCHEA and ALINA DUMITRACU
 Abstract: To evaluate the influence of the roughness parameters to
the friction in dry micro contacts the authors propose a methodology
based on the experiments by using a Taylor Hobson contact profilometer
and a CETR UMT pin (ball) on disc Microtribometer. Four plane
surfaces having Ra between 0.09 m to 0.5 m were tested. To maintain
the some tested line both for roughness profile and friction force two
points was realized on each surface. Three friction parameters were
analyzed in correlation with the roughness profile: the normal load, the
friction force and the friction coefficient variations. All the experiments
were realized with normal load of 30mN and in the top of the pin was a
microball having 1,588 mm diameter. The preliminary results evidenced
that by increasing the surfaces roughness results an increasing of the
friction force and friction coefficient variations.
Key words: rough surfaces, dry contact, friction force, roughness
parameters, friction coefficient.

THE PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION IN THE WHEEL-RAIL

CONTACT USING MEASURED PROFILES
by
CONSTANTIN-IOAN BRBN, PETER LORENZ and SPIRIDON
CREU

Abstract. The 3D pressure distribution in non-Hertzian wheel-rail

contacts subjected to normal loads has been achieved by employing a
dedicated numerical solver. The profiles supplied by measurements with
MiniProf instrument have been used as input data into the non-Hertz
solver. Both the elastic and elastic-perfect-plastic constitutive laws have
been considered to obtain the corresponding pressure distributions. The
position and shape of the contact area were the same as in the case when
the analytic profiles had been considered. The measured profiles offered a
pressure distribution that contains a number of local maxima, some of
them greater than the maximum value provided by the analytic profiles.
Key words: wheel-rail contact, non-Hertzian pressure, lateral shift,
MiniProf.

THE LATERAL SHIFT OF THE WHEELSET AND PRESSURE

DISTRIBUTION IN THE WHEEL-RAIL CONTACT
by
 CONSTANTIN-IOAN BRBN, PETER LORENZ and SPIRIDON
CREU

Abstract: For the wheel-rail concentrated contact the separation

between the contacting surfaces depends on many variables as: wheel
profiles, rail profiles, rail inclination, track gauge, inside gauge and
lateral shift of the axle. The hunting motion and the specific train motion
in curve determine a permanently lateral shift of the axle and
consequently a permanent change of the initial wheel-rail contact point.
To find out the influence of these modifications on pressure distributions
a fast and robust algorithm has been used to solve the stress state in the
general case of non-Hertzian contacts. Brents method has been involved
to find the contact point for the unload conditions. To limit the pressure,
an elastic-perfect plastic material has been considered. The elastic-plastic
analysis model allows a fast analysis of the influence of different
parameters such as load level, contact geometry including the profiles
changes due to the wear process.
Key words: rail, wheel, lateral shift, contact area, pressure
distributions.

CORROSION RESISTANCE OF SUPERFICIAL LAYERS IN SEA

WATER
by
MIHAELA BARHALESCU and CONSTANTIN DUMITRACHE

Abstract. The work entitled Corrosion resistance of superficial

layers in sea water presents the research done by the authors in regards
with obtaining some superficial metallic layers, on samples made of
carbon steel OL 37 brand, with the help of some electrodes from a
corrosion resistant material (Nickel). The corrosion resistance of the
obtained experimental layers was determined through gravimetrical
method. The superficial layers subjected to the corrosion agent (seawater)
where analyzed through optical microscopy, using the computers QX3
Intel Play microscope and through atomic force microscopy.
Key words: corrosion, superficial layers, electrical discharge,
nickels.
 WEAR TEST AND SEM ANALYSIS FOR CP-TI AIR OXIDISED
SAMPLES
by
IONU LUCIAN BISTRICIANU, DANIELA LUCIA CHICET,
CTLINA AXINTE and CORNELIU MUNTEANU

Abstract. The objective of this work is to understand the

influence of time in thermal oxidation of CP-Ti Grade II at 850 C
and to study the kinetics of growth of the oxide layers. Thermal
treatments were performed for 5 minutes, 15 minutes, 30 minutes,
1 hour and 2 hours of isothermal stage. The response of titanium to
oxidation at same temperatures and various timings has been
investigated, in terms of layer thickness.
Key words: wear test, SEM analysis, air oxidation, CP Ti
samples.

VBA ROLE IN GENERATING PRECESSIONAL WHEEL

TOOTH PROFILE IN SOLID WORKS
by
ION BOSTAN, PETER LORENZ, VALERIU DULGHERU and
EUGENIU RUSU

Abstract. Here is calculated and show how automatically

generated precessional wheel tooth profile in a 3D modelling software
Solid Works through an integrated module Visual Basic for Applications.
Following these manipulations is eliminated manual entry of over 9000
three-dimensional coordinates of tooth profiles points.
Key words: gear, wheel, tooth, generation, profile, precessional.

A KINEMATICS MODEL FOR BALL BEARINGS WITH

SCUFFING RISK
by
CARMEN BUJOREANU, BARBU DRGAN and MIHAELA
RODICA BLAN

Abstract. The paper presents a new approach of the ball motion,

applied to an angular contact ball-bearing running with the cage braked.
The brake effect on the ball bearings cage can lead to abnormal
operation and occasionally to premature bearing failure. The model relies
on the power losses in the balls contacts. With this new Kinematics, the
sliding on the ball- raceways contacts, as a result of the cages braking,
can be estimate. The predicted data agree with the experimental
investigations reported by references.
Key words: ball bearing, sliding speed, cages braking, power loss.

EINFLUSS DER WRMEBEHANDLUNG AUF DIE

LEBENSDAUER VON KOMPONENTEN AUS DEM
WERKZEUGSTAHL X155CrMoV12
by
W. CALLES, M. DEGAND, M. KALAN und A. LELLIG

Abstract. Hochlegierte ledeburitische Chromsthle weisen durch

den hohen Gehalt an Primr- und Sekundrkarbiden im angelassenen
Zustand eine hohe Hrte und einen guten Verschleiwiderstand bei guter
Zhigkeit auf. Daher werden sie u.a. als Schneidwerkstoffe eingesetzt.
Andererseits erfordern sie eine exakte Einhaltung der
Wrmebehandlungsbedingungen, um Risse in Fertigung und Einsatz zu
vermeiden. Durch Hrtemessungen, metallographische und
rntgendiffraktometrische Untersuchungen wurde die unzureichende
Standzeit von Messern aus dem Werkstoff X155CrVMo12-1 auf eine
fehlerhafte Wrmebehandlung zurckgefhrt.
Key words: Ledeburitische Chromsthle, falsche
Wrmebehandlung, Metallografie, Rntgendiffraktometrie,
Rissentstehung.

MICRO-DISPLACEMENTS STUDY OF SOME DIELECTRIC

ELASTOMER ELECTROACTIVE POLYMERS AS POTENTIAL
ACTUATORS
by
VLAD CRLESCU, GHEORGHE PRISCARU, DUMITRU OLARU,
MIHAELA ALEXANDRU and GEORGE STIUBIANU

Abstract. This paper presents the electrical actuation response of

some dielectric elastomer electroactive polymers. The field-induced
strains due to electrostriction effect was measured using a displacement
sensor. Silicone polymer based on cellulose crosslinked by siloxanes was
subject to a high electric field and thickness strains up to 38% was
obtained at 45MV/m. These results allow us to propose these materials
for some mechatronic systems where small displacements are needed.
Key words: electroactive polymers, dielectric elastomer, strain
response, actuation, mechatronic system.

APS COATINGS USED TO IMPROVE LIFE OF BEARINGS

by
DANIELA-LUCIA CHICET, IONU-LUCIAN BISTRICIANU,
CTLINA AXINTE and CORNELIU MUNTEANU

Abstract. With the applications development in coatings made by

atmospheric plasma spraying (APS) increased also the importance of this
branch of Engineering Surfaces. Due to low production cost and
excellent operating properties, one of the most used materials to achieve
different coating for bearings is alumina. This paper presents a number of
manners to improve the wear resistance characteristics of these coatings.
Key words: atmospheric plasma spraying, alumina powders,
coating, bearing.

SOME ASPECTS REGARDING CYLINDRICAL BELLOWS

BEHAVIOUR UNDER VARIOUS LOADS
by
FLORINA CARMEN CIORNEI, STELIAN ALACI, DELIA
CERLINCA, ILIE MUSCA, LUMINIA IRIMESCU and OVIDIU
RUSU

Abstract. In modern application, the use of mechanically compliant

structures under complex loads, like bellows, increases, but analytical
relations are quite difficult to apply for designing. The stiffness and the
stresses in the classical cylindrical bellows were studied both by means of
analytical and numerical methods, first for axial force and then for
complex loads. The paper presents the bending of cylindrical bellows.
Key words: elasticity, cylindrical bellows, complex load, stiffness,
FEA analysis.

FINITE ELEMENT STUDY OF RECTANGULAR

CORRUGATED BELLOWS UNDER COMPRESSION AND
BENDING
 by
FLORINA CARMEN CIORNEI, STELIAN ALACI, DELIA
CERLINC, GHEORGHE FRUNZ, LUMINIA IRIMESCU and
SIMION PATRA-CICEU

Abstract. Bellows with circular cross-section are most common,

but rectangular corrugations are also broadly applied. The paper presents
the finite element analysis of rectangular bellows, first axially
compressed and then bent. For the two loading cases, the stiffness was
found from numerical data. The equivalent von Mises stress is also found
and for both loading cases, the stress concentrator region proved to be the
double filleting geometry from each corrugation.
Key words: rectangular bellows, axial compression, bending,
stiffness, stress concentrator.

ON THE MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF THE DIRECTORY

APPARATUS-PART OF AN HYDRAULIC TURBINE
by
NICOLAE CRACIUNOIU, DANEL SEMENESCU,
NICOLAE DUMITRU and ION MANEA

Abstract. The paper presents the modelling of the apparatus

directory and the main parts of this and the results of some experimental
tests carried out in frame of a hydraulic turbine in view to determine the
dynamic characteristics of the directory apparatus. It was determinate the
dynamic characteristics and vibration generated at level of directory
apparatus and turbine.
Key words: modelling, directory apparatus, simulation, analysis.

THE ACTIVE VIBRATION CONTROL IN THE MECHATRONIC

SYSTEMS
by
BARBU DRAGAN, CARMEN BUJOREANU and CEZAR OPRIAN

Abstract. An intelligent sensors system coupled with advanced

signal processing systems allows the active vibration control, which does
not implicitly guarantee a particular operating efficiency. The
achievement of an acceptable performance of the active control system
has some difficulties generated by: the transfer functions and the
vibration waveform measurement errors, the control actuators and
transducers positioning, the signal errors converting analog to digital and
vice versa, the nonlinearities of the filters, the vibrators and the power
amplifiers, the accelerometers control system, cross sensitivity. The paper
has developed a method of active vibration control of a mechatronic
structure using a signal error proportional to the vibration power.
Key words: vibration power, active vibration control, isolation,
mechatronics.

CONSIDERATIONS REGARDING THE GEOMETRICAL

OPTIMISATION OF A MECHANICAL FACE SEAL
by
MIHAELA ISTRATE, CONSTANTIN ONESCU, NICOLAE POPA
and BARBU DRGAN

Abstract. A mechanical face seal optimization consists in satisfying

two antagonistic conditions:
1. Reduction to the minimum of the sealed environment losses and
2. The wear and friction limitation
The two conditions assume a lubricant film existence (low wear and
friction) or reduction to zero of the lubricant thickness (low losses flow).
The paper leaves from the restrictions imposed for a mechanical
face seal from the geometrical point of view, the functional stability and
obvious from the closing avoidance (dry friction) or the clearance
opening (high flow) points of view and establish an optimum size of the
sealing surface.
Key words: optimization, mechanical face seal.

OPTIMIERUNG DES SCHIENENVERKEHRS DURCH ACHSEN

MIT VRENDERLICHEN SPURWEITEN-SYSTEM LOBAR
by
PETER LORENZ and CONSTANTIN I. BRBN

Abstract. In Europa gibt es viele Arten von Spurbreiten. Derzeit

wird die Umladung, der Transfer und die Ausrstung der Gleisfahrzeuge
mit verndelichen Achsen.
Die Lsung mit vernderlichen Achsen haben zahlreiche Vorteile,
der Prozess wird bei einer Geschwindigkeit von 15 km/ h durchgefhrt
innerhalb von 10 s durchgefhrt.
 Die bekanntesten Systeme in Europa sind: Talgo, SUW 2000,
DBAG / V Typ Rafila und EMU. Die Lizenzkosten fr bestehende
Patente sind sehr hoch und nicht an der spezifische Infrastruktur
Moldawien angepast. Deshalb wird eine neue Lsung vorgeschlagen und
bestehende EU-Mitteln knnen fr die Forschung und Erprobung
eingesetzt werden.
Key words: Umladung, Transfer, Lsungen vernderlichen
Spurweiten.

THE BEHAVIOUR OF KEROSENE IN HYBRID

CONCENTRATED CONTACTS
by
VIOREL PALEU and SPIRIDON CREU

Abstract. In this paper the kerosene is evaluated as a lubricant for

ball bearings by tests on rheometers, tribometer (four-ball machine) and a
special designed test rig for friction torque estimation in high-speed ball
bearings. Starting from the results of tests on rheometers and from
existing databases, the main rheological parameters of aviation kerosene
are determined. The tests on four-ball machine show that wear resistance
of the kerosene is lower than of a mineral oil, its viscosity being about
ten times lower. Nevertheless, for oil and kerosene-mist lubrication of
angular contact hybrid silicon nitride ball bearings, the experimental
investigations carried-out at high-speed and low axial preload proved that
the measured friction torque within the bearings have the same order of
magnitude, the kerosene being an attractive lubricant for rolling bearings.
Key words: kerosene, four-ball machine, mist-lubrication, silicon
nitride, hybrid bearings, friction, test rig.

THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON

THE INFLUENCE OF FIT PRESSURE IN ELASTIC-PLASTIC
ROLLING CONTACT
by
GABRIEL POPESCU

Abstract. A previously developed algorithm for three-dimensional

elastic-plastic rolling contact analysis was extended in order to simulate
cyclic behaviour of hardened bearing steel in the presence of initial stress,
i.e. from mechanical operations and heat treatment; and the influence of
fit pressure also. Experiments were performed to demonstrate the
negative effect of the tensile hoop stress in conjunction with the applied
cyclic stress in case of elastic-plastic rolling contact.
Key words: bearing steel, elastic-plastic rolling contact, hoop
stresses.

ELASTIC-PLASTIC ROLLING CONTACT OF A SPHERE AND

PERIODIC REAL ROUGH SURFACES
by
GABRIEL POPESCU

Abstract. A numerical elastic-plastic contact model of a ceramic

ball on a directionally structured surface is presented. The Fast Fourier
Transform is used to model the periodic real roughness. The validity of
the model is proved by the agreement between numerical simulations and
experimental results of deformed surfaces and residual stress.
Key words: Fast Fourier Transform, periodic roughness, residual
profiles.

FREE ANGLE OF MISALIGNMENT IN BALL BEARINGS

by
DANIEL REZMIRE, VASILE BOCNE, ALFREDO
MONFARDINI, CRISTINA RACOCEA and CEZAR RACOCEA

Abstract. The paper presents a mathematical model for the free

angle of misalignment computation in single row ball bearings with 2, 3
or 4 contact points.
Key words: free angle of misalignment, diametrical clearance, 2, 3
or 4 point, contact ball bearings.

SLEWING BEARING LUBRICATION & MAINTENANCE

by
DANIEL REZMIRE, VASILE BOCNE, ALFREDO
MONFARDINI, CRISTINA RACOCEA and CEZAR RACOCEA

Abstract. Is presented a mathematical model developed by SIRCA

SA and RIMA Spa for the slewing rings lubrication and the re-
lubrication charts.
 Key words: slewing rings, lubrication, maintenance, kinematic
viscosity, chart lubrication.

NON-DIAMETRICAL FOUR POINT CONTACT BALL

BEARINGS
by
DANIEL REZMIRE, VASILE BOCNE, ALFREDO
MONFARDINI, CRISTINA RACOCEA and CEZAR RACOCEA

Abstract. The paper presents a method to describe the quasi-static

behaviour for convergent and divergent non-diametrical four point
contact ball bearings.
Key words: four point contact roller ball bearing, symmetrical,
convergent, divergent, quasi-static analyze.

A MECHATRONIC SYSTEM FOR GAIT SIMULATION

SIMESIM
by
PETRE LUCIAN SEICIU, IOAN DAN FILIPOIU and TIBERIU
LAURIAN

Abstract: The paper presents a state-of-art mechatronic system for

recovery of the locomotory disabled persons: SIMESIM.The proper
design have to take into account the state-of-art theoretical aspects of the
human walking. There are two main theories that are to be taken into
account: The Six Determinants Of Gait (SDG) theory The Inverted
Pendulum Analogy (IPA) theory. Both theories explain human walking
but have shortcomings that may be resolved through a new theory: The
Dynamic Walking Theory DWT. These theories describe more or less
appropriate walking of healthy persons. The theoretical aspects presented
are to be considered at the design of the mechatronic system for the
locomotory disabled persons.
Key words: mechatronic system, locomotory disabled persons,
rehabilitation.
 THE SPECTRAL DENSITY OF THE RESPONSE FOR RANDOM
VIBRATION OF NON-LINEAR OSCILLATORS
by
PETRE STAN

Abstract: In structural and mechanical engineering, problems

involving unpredictable or stochastic variables or processes are frequently
encountered, and in these cases, a probabilistic analysis may be most
rational way of approaching the problem. In many problems involving the
dynamical behaviour of mechanical systems, the dominating source of
uncertainty or unpredictability is the excitation. If the excitation is given
in terms of a stochastic process, the response of the mechanical system is
also a stochastic process. In order to assess the probability of accurance of
extreme events and evaluate possible fatigue damage in the structure, it is
necessary to be able to evaluate the response statistics with reasonable
accuracy. In this article, the stationary density of the response and the
power spectral density of the response are addressed.
Key words: random vibration, non-linear system, stochastic
linearization, power spectral density, probability theory.

ROLLING MOVEMENT SIMULATION OF A 21 M BOOM

SPRAY
by
CRISTINA STNESCU, LUCIAN TUDOSE, DUMITRU POP
and NICOLAE URSU-FISCHER

Abstract. This paper concentrates on computational simulation of

rolling movement of the 21 m boom of MET-2500R21H spraying
machine. As input signal was used the variation of the rolling angle of the
machine when the tractor is driven with the constant speed of 4 km/h over
the bumps of the ISO 5008:2002 standardized track. The outcomes of the
simulation were the variation of the deformation of the two pneumatic
dampers and, the most important, the variation of the rolling angle of the
boom. The analytical model will be used in order to optimize the passive
suspension and to provide valuable information for the identification
procedure of the selection of the appropriate operational spray boom.
Key words: spray boom, rolling angle, analytical model,
computational simulation.
 TAPERED THREADED JOINT FOR TUBING AND CASING.
THEORETICAL CONSIDERATIONS AND DESIGN PROBLEMS
by
CRISTEL TIRBU and TEFAN GRIGORA

Abstract. The necessity of joint outside diameter limitation and the

conditions of outside load of tubing and casing lead to a new aspect of
casing joints. The presented connection has a modified end of the pin,
according to the collapse tendencies under outer pressure and traction
forces (column weight). The start zone of the pin thread is modified too,
for the box enlargement, under axial loads. The bending resistance is
satisfied according to API standards. The traction efficiency and the seal
parameters are very high. The design of the connection was realized
under an original methodology. The finite element analysis is included in
this process. The constructive solution is the object of a Romanian brevet
that we were realized the documentation.
Key words: connection, pips, thread.

SIMULATION METHODS OF GAUSSIAN SURFACES

by
ANA URZIC, RODICA BLAN and SPIRIDON CREU

Abstract. The paper presents two different algorithms for

computer simulation of Gaussian surfaces. Both methods use a random
number generator to generate the input matrix as the first representation
of a Gaussian roughness with zero mean, and unit standard deviation.
The autocorrelation function was assumed to have an exponential form.
The difference between methods is how they determine the coefficients
of the transformation matrix of the first method and digital filter of the
second method. If the solutions of the system were obtained, they are
used further in the system to provide the roughness heights with the
desired autocorrelation function. By both methods were obtained almost
identical profiles and 3D simulations of rough surface.
Key words: roughness simulation, linear transform of random
numbers, digital filter.

SUN TRACKING SMART SYSTEM

by
AHMED ABU HANIEH and JAMAL SIAM
 Abstract. This paper focuses on the design, modelling, simulation
and testing of two degrees of freedom solar tracker for a photovoltaic
solar panel. The kinematic calculations of the tracker are taken from the
astronomical calculations of the sun while the dynamics of the system
show that it behaves like a low-pass filter that allows passing the low
frequency orientation torques and attenuates the high frequency
disturbance signals that can deteriorate the performance significantly.
Simulation and experimental results emphasize the idea and show that it
is possible to save about 40% of the collected energy by pointing the
panel perpendicular to the sun most of the day.
Key words: photovoltaic panels, solar tracker, control,
kinematics, dynamics.

NUMERICAL VERSUS ANALITYCAL RESULTS IN

KINEMATICS OF RCCC MECHANISM
by
STELIAN ALACI, FLORINA CARMEN CIORNEI, CONSTANTIN
FILOTE, DUMITRU AMARANDEI, LUMINITA IRIMESCU and
DELIA CERLINCA

Abstract. The paper presents comparatively the study of the

displacements from the RCCC mechanism pairs found analytically and
numerically, using the CATIA/DMU Kinematics module. In a previous
paper, [1] the authors determined, based on analytical relations found by
Yang, [2], the displacements, velocities and accelerations from RCCC
mechanism pairs. The agreement between the two methods is discussed.
Key words: spatial mechanisms, kinematics, numerical solutions,
CATIA/DMU kinematics module.

FEM ANALYSIS OF WOBBLE PLATE MECHANISM

by
STELIAN ALACI, FLORINA CARMEN CIORNEI, CONSTANTIN
FILOTE, DUMITRU AMARANDEI, LUMINITA IRIMESCU and
DELIA CERLINCA

Abstract. The paper presents the position kinematical analysis for

the wobble plate mechanism. In a first stage, it is presented the manner
of decreasing contact stresses in an actual mechanism. The kinematics
analysis module from CATIA environment cannot be directly applied to
the real mechanism and therefore, it should be replaced by an equivalent
mechanism. The replacement method and arguments are presented. For
the replacing mechanism, the relative displacements dependencies are
presented for all kinematics pairs. It is proved that the equivalent
mechanism has the same motion of the last element.
Key words: wobble plate mechanism, kinematics analysis,
numerical analysis, CATIA/DMU Kinematics module.

ROBUST DESIGN FOR MINIMIZATION OF DYNAMIC

TRANSMISSION ERROR OF SPUR GEAR PAIRS
by
VIRGIL ATANASIU, CRISTINA ROZMARIN, DUMITRU LEOHCHI
and MIHAI-RADU IACOB

Abstract. The paper presents an optimization methodology based

on the concept of robust design for minimization the variation of the
dynamic transmission error of spur gear pairs. An analytical procedure
for calculating the tooth tip relief as a function of the time-varying mesh
stiffness is included in the analysis. An optimum combination of the
tooth geometrical factors can be predicted to ensure the minimum
variation of the dynamic transmission error for a large range of the
design transmitted load.
Key words: spur gears, robust design, dynamic transmission error.

DETERMINING PRECESSIONAL GEARING PROFILE

EQUATIONS BASED ON THE FUNDAMENTAL LAW OF
GEARING
by
ADRIAN BRUJA, MARIAN DIMA and FRNCU CTLIN

Abstract. In this paper is presented the way to determine the

parametric equations of the line of contact for the precessional gearing
based on the fundamental law of gearing and by applying the
corresponding transformation relations the profile of the central toothed
wheel that is a part of the precessional gearing.
Key words: Precessional gearing , gearing law, line of contact
 ABOUT WORKSPACE SHAPE OF AN 3-RRR PLANAR
PARALLEL ECHANISM
by
FLORENTIN BUIUM, CEZAR OPRIAN, CEZAR DUCA and IOAN
DOROFTEI

Abstract. This paper deals with workspace study of the 3-RRR

planar parallel mechanism. We consider that principal criteria to design
such a mechanism are: the optimization of the mechanism workspace to
approach a prescribed workspace and the avoidance of singularities inside
the mechanism workspace. It is shown that, for a given mechanism, some
working modes do not have any corresponding singularity curves located
inside the mechanism workspace. In this paper we also present a variety
of workspace shapes, depending on dimensions of kinematic elements.
Key words: planar parallel robot, workspace shape, kinematic
problem, singularity.

ABOUT THE FIXED SEQUENCE WALKING MICROROBOTS

MODELLING
de
ADRIANA COMANESCU, DINU COMANESCU, ILEANA
DUGAESESCU

Abstract. The paper deals with the main structural, kinematic and
motion characteristics of the fixed sequence walking micro robots. This
point of view is firstly approached in the mechanisms literature.
Key words: walking micro robot, motion characteristics,
displacement model.

QUESTIONS ABOUT SELF-BLOCKING OF MECHANISMS

by
CEZAR DUCA and FLORENTIN BUIUM

Abstract. In the paper above we propose a general procedure to

solve the mechanism self-blocking problem. The mentioned procedure is
useful to a large class of mechanism. We shall also analyze the factors
influencing on the self-blocking and the way of their action. For that we
shall take into consideration as research of other authors as our own
contributions, some of them published before.
Key words: mechanism, self-locking, configuration parameter,
structural group.

BASIC CIRCLE RADIUS OF THE CAM MECHANISM

WITH FLAT OSCILLATING FOLLOWER
by
ERWIN-CHRISTIAN LOVASZ, DAN PERJU, IOSIF CRBA
KARL-HEINZ MODLER and EUGEN SEVER ZBAV

Abstract. The paper proposes an original iterative method for the

determination of the basic circle radius of the cam mechanism with
tangential oscillating follower. The method starts with the condition that
the denominator of the curvature should be strict positive in each point
from the cam profile. In this case, the curve of the cam profile has not
inflection or singularity points.
Key words: cam mechanisms, tangential oscillating follower, cam
synthesis, basic circle radius.

THE DIRECT AND INVERSE SIMULATION OF THE DC

MOTOR SPEED CONTROL
by
DUMITRU LEOHCHI and EUGEN MERTICARU

Abstract. In construction of industrial robots, DC motor have a

wide usage because the possibility of the speed adjustment. In this paper,
simplified model and the control simulation of a single rotary joint of a
robot it is presented. A DC motor actuates the rotary joint and for this
motor it is achieved a control speed simulation. In this paper, there is
established the direct model which determines the speed with respect to
applied voltage. In the paper, it is established, also, the inverse model of
the operating system, which determines the applied voltage in ratio with
speed.
Key words: simulation, command of DC motor, direct model,
inverse model.
 A KINEMATIC ANALYSIS OF THE VALVE TIMING
MECHANISM WITH THREE ELEMENTS AND CONTINUOUS
VALVE LIFT
by
STELIAN MIHALCEA and NICOLAE PANDREA

Abstract. An innovating solution for throttle-free load control for

spark-ignition engines is variable valve timing system. In this paper is
presented a kinematic analysis, using the analytic method, of the valve
timing mechanism with three elements and continuous valve lift variation.
It is also presented the numerical algorithm for the mechanisms motion.
Key words: petrol engine, variable valve timing, continuous valve
lift, mechanism.

THE NUMERICAL COMPUTATION OF THE MULTI-LINK

FIVE POINT SUSPENSION
by
SNDEL OGARU and NICOLAE PANDREA

Abstract. In this paper is presented the kinematics chart of the five-

point suspension that provides the variation of the camber angle and
small variations of the rotation angle of steering knuckle. The article also
presents the steering knuckle and wheel motion analysis in relation to the
car body and then set a numerical algorithm for solving the motion.
Key words: five-point independent suspension, Netwon Raphson
method.

METHOD FOR THE DESIGN OF SERVOMECHANISM

POSITION CONTROL
by
DNU RECEANU, CEZAR OPRIAN and EMIL BUDESCU

Abstract. In industrial applications position control systems are

extensively used such as robotics and drive control. Modern position
control systems are achieved using incremental encoder sensors. In this
paper, it is designed and implemented a possible position control system
for the step input. It is presented the classic method, with simplifying
hypothesis, the personal and exact method, for the design of
servomechanism control position.
 Key words: control systems engineering, modeling, stability,
servomechanism control position.

THE AIR FLOW CONTROL FOR A CAR-ENGINE COOLING

SYSTEM
by
MARIUS RECEANU, GHEORGHE PLEU and SPIRIDON- DAN
DSCLESCU

Abstract. The servomechanism for air flow control has as effect on

cooling starting: fuel consumption, wear reduction and engine brake
thermal efficiency improvement. The shorting of the warming up engine
period has been ascertained. As consequence the wear and the pollution
reduces in time of cold starting. A relevant data in the process is the
temperature.
Key words: servomechanism, automatic control, car engine-
system.

AUTONOMOUS ROBOT NAVIGATION BASED ON FUZZY

LOGIC AND REINFORCEMENT LEARNING
by
CRISTINA GABRIELA ROZMARIN and SID AHMED BERRABAH

Abstract. This paper presents a behaviour-based algorithm for

autonomous mobile robot navigation in an unknown environment. The
multi - behaviour is represented by the coordination between tasks like
reaching a certain point and avoidance of any collisions, based on the
information received from a group of sensors. The method used to
achieve this goal consists of a fusion between two strategies: fuzzy logic
and unsupervised learning approach reinforcement learning, which
allows the system to evolve and improve its performances. The
navigation process is adapted for the ROBUDEM robot, implemented as
CoRoBA module and tested using the CoRoSim simulation platform.
Key words: robot navigation, fuzzy logic, reinforcement learning,
fuzzy controller.

CONSTITUTIVE MODELS OF SHAPE MEMORY ALLOYS A

REVIEW
 by
BOGDAN TIRBU

Abstract. The remarkable properties of shape memory alloys have

facilitated their applications in many areas of technology. The purpose of
this paper is to present a review of thermomechanical behavior of these
alloys, discussing the main constitutive models for their mathematical
description.
Key words: SMA, strain, constitutive model.

MODERN SOFTWARE METHODS FOR THE SIMULATION OF

PLANAR MECHANISMS
by
HANS-BERNHARD WOYAND

Abstract. Computer aided mechanism design and analysis

became very popular in engineering education and engineering
practice. Laborious hand calculations and complex graphical
solutions can now be replaced by the application of interactive
user-friendly software tools. Engineering education in this field is
based on leading, proprietary software tools. For research
purposes, however, open software is needed. In this paper, new
software and programming methods for the implementation of
computational methods of planar kinematics will be introduced. It
will be shown that the usage of these methods will result in new
solutions and new general purpose programs, respectively. The
proposed approach is based on the Python programming language
and related technologies. It brings together object oriented
programming, symbolic programming and numerical calculations.
As an example, the most important computational method - the so-
called vector loop method will be discussed in detail.
Key words: computer aided mechanism design, kinematics,
Python programming, computational methods.

FEA STUDY OF THE SPHERE - ELASTIC PLANE IMPACT

by
MIHAIL AIGNTOAIE, HANS-BERNHARD WOYAND, PAVOL
SEDLAR
 Abstract. The paper presents a numeric study of the impact
between a sphere and an elastic plane. The research is performed with the
Finite Element Analysis, FEA, by use of the Algor package. The
simulation considered all the modeled elements elastic bodies.
Key words: FEA, sphere-elastic plane impact.

FEA STUDY OF THE STRESS CONCENTRATION IN A U-

SHAPED NOTCH MODELLED WITH CIRCULAR AND
ELLIPTICAL ARCS
by
MIHAIL AIGNTOAIE

Abstract. U-shaped notches are used in CAD design of machine

elements. The geometric shape is usually modeled with the FILLET
option, by use of circular arcs. The paper presents a Finite Element
Analysis, FEA, study of the influence on replacing circular arcs with
elliptical arcs on stress concentration. The test-case study is a single U-
shaped notch on one side in finite-width plate subjected to axial load.
Key words: FEA, elliptic arc, U-notch, stress concentration.

STUDY OF STRESS AND STRAIN DISTRIBUTION ON A

PARTIAL CLASP DENTAL PROSTHESES
by
MONICA ANDRONACHE, NORINA FORNA, PAUL
BRSNESCU, BOGDAN LEIOIU

Abstract. The photoelasticity method is an often used method in

stress and strain generated in the removable partial dentures on the
prosthetic field elements analysis.
The stress and strain state analysis of the prosthetic field at the level
of removable denture with attachments is measured with the reflection
Vishay polariscope LF/Z-2, by a computerized photoelasticity method. A
stress and strain distribution map was obtained from the fringes. Adverse
effects of prosthetic field elements are prevented by a correct design of
the partial removable denture on this method.
Key words: partial removable denture, PhotoStress method, stress
and strain analysis.
STUDY OF STRESS ON THE PROSTHETIC FIELD ELEMENTS
BY FINITE ELEMENT METHOD
by
MONICA ANDRONACHE, NORINA FORNA, PAUL
BRSNESCU, BOGDAN LEIOIU

Abstract. Finite element method is often used in stress state

analysis on the partial removable dentures of the prosthetic field
elements. In the present study is performing a stress and strain state
analysis of the prosthetic field at the level of removable denture with
attachments. It is used the RHINOCEROS NURBS system, modelling
for Windows, made by Robert McNeal & Assoc. 3D models was
generated for the prosthetic field elements and for the denture
components. The partial removable dentures with attachments lining is
strongly recommended in case of bone resorption.
Key words: denture prosthesis, partial removable prosthesis, finite
element method analysis, stress / strain analysis.

NUMERICAL SIMULATION FOR STABILITY ANALYSIS OF

THE LONGERONS OF A METALLIC ORTHOTROPIC PLATE
by
COSTIC ATANASIU, TEFAN SOROHAN

Abstract: The paper presents possible causes that generate

permanent deformations in some longerons of an orthotropic plate
from a welded metallic bridge where the real loads are completely
unknowns. Taking into account the absence of some experimental
results and the real loads, a small part of the structure, that includes a
longeron and its upper part of the plate, is modelled and analysed to
different load cases and boundary conditions using finite element
method. The stability of the longerons were investigated both in linear
eigenbuckling analysis, and nonlinear large displacements and
material nonlinearity analyses. From some of the considered
eigenbuckling analyses result that the eigenmodes correspond to in
situ observed permanent deformations. It is known that nonlinear
analyses are very sensitive to real geometric and material
imperfections. To include such imperfections, the finite element
models were supplementary loaded with some equivalent perturbed
forces according to the obtained eigenbuckling modes. Considering
the data of loads and boundary conditions identifications, obtained in
first part of the paper, some practical solutions of reinforced the
longerons using a double-cover-plate riveted joint or two welded
cover plate are presented. The proposed reinforced solutions are
simulated both for stability and for stress analysis and compared with
the initial situation.
Key words: orthotropic plate, finite element model,
eigenbuckling analysis, nonlinear analysis, reinforced plate.

PROBABILISTIC ANALYSIS FOR DETERIORATING RISK OF

PARTICLE ADDED CERAMICS
by
CIPRIAN ATNSOAEI, VIOREL GOAN

Abstract. Fault Tree Analysis use tree structure to decompose a

system into failure levels based on combinations of lower level events,
which are connected through boolean gates. This paper presents a method
of analyzing the probability of operational failure for a component made
from particles added ceramic. Graphical representation and algorithm
calculation is done using specialized software in probabilistic risk
analysis technique. The results presented refer to probabilistic parameters
which describe the influence of each component (primary event) in the
probability of failure and its occurrence frequency, in the case of a
ceramic composite.
Key words: ceramic composites, particle added, fault tree,
probabilistic analysis.

FINITE ELEMENT MODELLING OF RESIDUAL STRESSES IN

MONEL BUTT-PLATE WELDING
by
DORU CANTEMIR, PAUL BARSANESCU, SERGIU GHERASIM

Abstract. A Finite Element two-dimensional welding simulation

was carried out to predict the residual stresses in a Monel butt-welded
plate. A welding experiment was conducted and the residual stress was
measured by hole drilling method. Qualitatively good agreement between
the numerical and experimental results was found.
Key words: welding simulation, Finite Element Method, welding
experiment, residual stress, Monel plate.
 ON THE DETERMINATION OF THE MACROMECHANICAL
CHARACTERISTICS OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS
BY THREE-POINT FLEXURE TESTS
by
VASILE CIOFOAIA, CAMELIA CERBU, FLORIN DOGARU,
SORIN POPA

Abstract. The knowledge of the macromechanical features of

the textile composite materials is of prime importance to any research
and development mechanical field. The effects of different factors on
the measured values of flexural modulus and flexural strength of
glass/epoxy composites are investigated. This knowledge allows a
correct interpretation of the results of elastic flexural
macromechanical properties obtained in three-point flexure tests. In
this paper, aspects concerning the effects of the water absorption on
some macromechanical characteristics of some composite materials
reinforced with E-glass woven fabrics are described. The specimens
were manufactured by reinforcing a polyester resin Copoly 7233 with
both woven fabric EWR300 made of E-glass fibers and chopped E-
glass fibers. The hand lay-up technology was used to manufacture the
specimens with different pressures in the moulding step: low pressure
and high pressure, respectively. The effects of the hand lay-up
technology and the dried and wet specimens immersed in the bent
specimens are discussed. Moreover, the mechanical characteristics of
the specimens were analysed taking into account the different
manufacture methods used.
Key words: three-point flexure test, flexural modulus, textile
composite, experimental characterization.

ANALYTICAL CONSIDERATIONS REGARDING CRACK

EMERGING IN LOW CARBON STEEL
by
LIVIU COMAN

Abstract. An approximate analytic solution of the problem of a

crack emerging at the boundary of a free half plane is given for the case
when the plastic zone is concentrate at the extension of the crack (a
plastic zone appears in precisely such a form in materials as low carbon
steel). In particular, when the plastic zone has zero length, it is studied
the problem of stretching of an elastic half-plane with an edge crack. A
general formula is obtained for the stress intensity coefficient, formula
that can be used to further developments.
Key words: crack, equation, solution, plastic deformation,
boundary, function.

PARTICULAR CASES OF LOAD IN LOW CARBON STEEL

CRACKING
by
LIVIU COMAN

Abstract. In a previous paper, an approximate analytic solution of

the problem of a crack emerging at the boundary of a free half plane is
given for the case when the plastic zone is concentrate at the extension of
the crack was found. A general formula was obtained for the stress
intensity coefficient that, in this paper, is used for further developments,
such as finding the solutions for the particular cases of load in low carbon
steel cracking: constant load, linear load and arbitrary symmetrical
normal load.
Key words: crack, equation, solution, particular cases, load, steel.

CREEP TEST RESULTS AND INTERPOLATIONS

FOR A LOW ALLOY STEEL
by
CORNELIU COMANDAR, DOREL LEON, NICUOR AMARIEI,
CONSTANTIN DUMITRACHE

Abstract. The paper presents the research of the authors did to

determine the creep behaviour of a low alloy steel at 500C and at four
stresses: 110, 120 130 and 140 MPa. To interpolate the experimental
results, three types of functions were used.
Key words: creep, steel, temperature, plastic strain, interpolation
functions.

THE EQUATION OF PLASTIC STRAIN ACCUMULATION

DURING THE CREEP OF A LOW ALLOY STEEL
by
CORNELIU COMANDAR, DOREL LEON, NICUOR AMARIEI,
CONSTANTIN DUMITRACHE
 Abstract. The paper presents the research of the authors done to
determine the creep behaviour of a low alloy steel at 500C and at
stresses between 110 and 140 MPa. By results interpolations, an
analytical expression are obtained and graphically presented.
Key words: creep, steel, temperature, plastic strain, interpolation
functions.

ESTIMATION OF MODELLING ERRORS

by
ALEXANDRA-DENISA DANCIU, HORATIU-ALIN MOCIRAN

Abstract. This paper discusses the modelling errors that may

appear in the Finite Element Analysis. We study the methodology of the
modelling errors for error estimation for certain class of problems in
linear mechanics. We review the concept of modelling errors and give
solution how to correct them.
Key words: finite element analysis, modelling errors.

SHELL ELEMENTS AND THEIR APPLICATION IN

STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
by
ALEXANDRA-DENISA DANCIU, HORATIU-ALIN MOCIRAN

Abstract. This paper discus the shell finite elements implemented

within ANSYS and their range of applicability for a certain class of
structural problems.
Key words: finite element analysis, shells.

LIFETIME ESTIMATION OF AN AUTOFRETTAGED

CYLINDER UNDER REPEATED DYNAMIC PRESSURE
by
ION DUMITRU, LORND KUN, MIHAI HLUCU

Abstract. Autofrettage is known to be one of the methods to ensure

a rational stress distribution in thick-walled cylinders. This procedure
generates residual compressive stresses, which reduce the maximum
values of the stresses induced by repeated dynamic internal pressure.
The lifetime of a cylinder engineered from an OHN3 steel having a
longitudinal crack on its inner surface is analysed in this paper. The
lifetime evaluation was carried out using Pariss equation with the
fracture toughness and the coefficients C and m being determined from
dynamic conditions. Finally, the lifetimes are compared considering
autofrettage and the absence of it respectively.
Key words: autofrettage, toughness, dynamic pressure, number of
cycles to failure.

THE FAULT TREE DIAGRAM FOR THE CALCULATION OF

THE OCCURRENCE PROBABILITY OF FAULTS IN CERAMIC
MATERIALS
by
VIOREL GOANTA, CIPRIAN ATANASOAIE

Abstract. The methodology entitled fault tree is one of the most

frequently used methods for the analysis of reliability and for the
calculation of the failure probability. A fault tree is made up of a
graphical representation of the events under the form of a hierarchical,
tree like structure. This paper is aimed at presenting the construction
methodology of a fault tree in order to determine the occurrence
probability of faults (cracks) in the parts made up of ceramic materials.
The manufacturing process of ceramic materials will be used for the
identification of the main parameters that must be introduced in the
calculation software for these purposes. The respective parameters are
represented by the non-conformities that may occur in various stages of
the technological process. A series of results, based on which one can
quantify the influence of each component of the technological track on
the cracking probability and on the occurrence frequency with regard to
ceramic materials, is presented in the end.
Key words: fault tree analysis, binary decision diagram, ceramic
material.

DEGRADATION OF CFRP WITH WOVEN FABRIC

REINFORCEMENT AND PPS AS MATRIX DUE WATER
ACTION
by
RAIMOND GRIMBERG, ADRIANA SAVIN, FILIPE SILVA,
PAUL DORU BARSANESCU, PETRICA DANIEL SALAVASTRU,
 ROZINA STEIGMANN

Abstract. This paper presents the method of transformation of a

lamina with biaxial anisotropy into a succession of laminas with uniaxial
anisotropy, so that the Tsai Wu criterion shall be applied, for the case of
composites that have suffered degradation due to water absorption.
Key words: CFRP, water adsorption, failure criterion, Tsai-Wu
number.

RESONANT ULTRASOUND SPECTROSCOPY:

THEORY AND SOME APPLICATIONS
by
RAIMOND GRIMBERG, ADRIANA SAVIN, ROZINA STEIGMANN,
PAUL BOTEZ, PAUL DORU BARSANESCU

Abstract. This paper presents the possibility to use Resonant

Ultrasound Spectroscopy as tool for establishing the integrity of some
types of medical prosthesis.
Key words: Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy, hip prosthesis,
femoral head.

DESIGN BASED ON PERFORMANCE. REABILITATION OF AN

EXISTING HOSPITAL CONSTRUCTION SITUATED IN A HIGH
RISK SEISMIC AREA.
by
MIRCEA IEREMIA, EMIL VOICULESCU

Abstract: The purpose of the analysis is to evaluate the expected

performance of a structural system by estimating its strength and
deformation demands in design earthquakes by means of a static inelastic
analysis, and comparing these demands to available capacities at the
performance levels of interest.
Key words: push-over, risk, seismic, reabilitation.

ULTIMATE LONGITUDINAL STRENGTH OF A CORROSION

BULK CARRIER HULL
by
ANDREAS IOANNOU, MIRCEA MODIGA, ALINA DIMACHE
 Abstract. For steel construction and marine structure in particular,
the corrosion can be one of the collapse causes, due to excessive reduces
of strengths areas and implicit increase of internal tension. At present,
corrosion rate is estimated based on measurements on real ships, which
permits to obtain the simplified empirical models. Such extensive
thickness measurement, according LLOYDS REGISTER, guidance was
made for the 25 year old bulk carrier M/V Marquise. Also, initial
yielding bending, moment, fully plastic limit bending moment (according
Prandtl) and ultimate bending moment in hogging and sagging condition
are obtained and compared for a newly built ship, for corroded ship and
for maximum corroded ship according Common Structural Rules (CSR)
for bulk-carrier.
Key words: corrosion ship hull, bulk carrier, ultimate longitudinal
strength.

THE RECURRENCE COMPUTATION OF THE

DISPLACEMENTS AT THE BEAM ON ELASTIC MEDIUM,
LOADED WITH CONCENTRATED FORCE
by
DOREL LEON, CORNELIU COMANDAR and NICUOR AMARIEI

Abstract. The paper brings contributions in the problem of the

calculus of beam on elastic medium loaded with concentrated force. Two
analytical previous solutions are presented: the classical solution of
E.Winkler and the different one, that the authors have achieved using
only one of the Winklers hypotheses. In the present paper, a new
solution is presented, based on an original numerical method: the
recurrence computation of the displacements. It exposes the calculation
algorithm and gives comparative results.
Key words: rigidity of the elstic medium, dumping factor,
deflection, rotation, bending moment, shear force, the recurrence method
of the displacements, computer program.

CALCULUS OF THE INTERN PARAMETERS AND

ELASTICITY CONSTANTS AT THE MACROSCOPIC LEVEL
by
VASILE MARINA, VIORICA MARINA
 Abstract. By using the structural model, the calculus relations for
elasticity constants on macroscopic level and relations for stress/strain
condition at microscopic level are deducted. The numerical results are
compared with experimental results. The base dependence that intervenes
in structure properties relation is analyzed.
Key words: stress, strain, properties.

RESULTS REGARDING THE BREAKING RESISTANCE OF

THE ADHESIVE JOINTS WITH COMPOSITE MATERIALS
by
FLORENTINA MOCANU

Abstract. The paper presents the results of some investigations,

which had in view the establishment the variation mode of the breaking
resistance to static load of the adhesive joints, with composite supports,
made with epoxy and polyurethane adhesives. The studies were made
using the shear tests of the adhesive joints. The influence of thickness of
adhesive layer, superposition length, thickness of supports on the shear
strength of adhesive joints is investigated in detail. On proposes in the
paper an original viscous-elastic mechanic model, formed of one Hook's
model and two Maxwell's models connected in parallel, for describes the
uniform viscous-elastic behaviour of the adhesives.
Key words: adhesive joints, shear tests, viscous-elastic behaviour,
mechanic model.

FFECTIVENESS OF VISCOELASTIC DAMPERS IN

MITIGATING SEISMIC RESPONSE OF A SINGLE DEGREE OF
FREEDOM STRUCTURE
by
HORAIU-ALIN MOCIRAN, ALEXANDRA-DENISA DANCIU

Abstract. The paper investigate the effectiveness of viscoelastic

dampers in reducing the seismic response (story drifts and floor
accelerations) by comparison of responses of one story, three bays frame
structure with and without dampers for three well-known earthquakes:
Vrancea, Northridge and Kobe. The numerical results demonstrate the
effectiveness of viscoelastic dampers in reducing the seismic response.
Key words: viscelastic dampers, damping ratios, seismic
performance, story drift.
 EVALUATION OF SEISMIC ENERGY RESPONSE OF A
SINGLE DEGREE OF FREEDOM STRUCTURE EQUIPPED
WITH VISCOUS DAMPERS
by
HORAIU-ALIN MOCIRAN, ALEXANDRA-DENISA DANCIU

Abstract. The paper presents the energy balance equations for a

single degree of freedom structure equipped with fluid viscous dampers
and subjected to seismic motion. The energy response (energy
components and their distribution) of a one story three bays steel frame
structure equipped with linear viscous dampers that provide different
damping ratios (10%, 20% and 30%) is studied by time history
(dynamic) analyses for five earthquakes (Vrancea, Northridge, El Centro,
Kobe and Kocaeli). The numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness
of fluid viscous damper in dissipating the input earthquake energy and
enhancing the seismic response of the structure.
Key words: viscous dampers, damping ratios, seismic energy
response, time history.

ON THE SQUEAKING OF THE CERAMIC ON CERAMIC

TOTAL HIP PROSTHESIS
by
VALERIA MONEGUU*, VETURIA CHIROIU*, MIHAI
POPESCU**

Abstract. The goal of this paper is to explain the origin of the

squeaking for the ceramic on ceramic total hip prosthesis, and to build a
mechanical model capable to render the cause of this squeaking. In our
model, the zone of acetabular component is viewed as the surface of a
disc excited by a frictional mass-springdamper element. It is shown that
the vibrations and friction-induced effects in the system are the origin of
instabilities and squeaking phenomena.
Key words: squeaking hip, friction induced vibrations, total hip
prosthesis.

NUMERICAL MODELING OF SOME SPECIFIC TESTS OF

PLASTICS MATERIALS
 by
VASILE NSTSESCU

Abstract. Plastics materials are used more and more even in those
conditions where safety requirements must be full filled, in static and
dynamic conditions. Using of the plastics materials is based on their
properties that were essentially improved in last period; many plastics
material types were also developed.
In these conditions, many laboratories appeared and these were
accredited in accordance with the recognized International Standard
ISO/IEC 17025. Mechanical tests are the most important experiments to
be passed by the plastics materials and perhaps Charpy and Izod tests are
the most used.
This paper presents the numerical simulation, by Finite Element
Method, of those two dynamical mechanical tests Charpy and Izod.
Special material models of materials were used for simulation of the
material failure. Material models like Plastic-kinematic (Cowper-
Symonds), Johnson-Cook, Modified Johnson-Cook, Picewise linear
plasticity, Modified picewise linear plasticity and many others are
available in professional codes.
After numerical modeling of the mechanical test in a very good
concordance with the experimental results, a lot of different numerical
studies were made regarding to the influence of the material, constructive
and modeling parameters.
Key words: Charpy, Izod, mechanical tests, numerical simulation,
FEM.

ON THE APPROACH OF THE BENDING OF THIN CIRCULAR

PLATES WITH LARGE DISPLACEMENTS
by
IONEL RUSU, VASILE CIOFOAIA

Abstract. This paper is concerned with the bending analysis of an

axisymmetric simply clamped circular thin plate with large
displacements. The theoretical determination (even approximate) of the
stress for the static behavior implies a complex strength calculus
procedure and this is the reason why an experimental method for such a
case has become a very important requirement even for the theoretical
method approach. The paper presents an analytical and an experimental
displacement approach for the models subjected to axial symmetrical
loads. An essential agreement exists between the analytical, numerical
and experimental results.
Key words: plate, experimental method, finite element, large
displacement.

PLASTIC DEFORMATION OF BODIES UNDER THE ACTION

OF THE LASER BEAM
by
LAURENIU SLTINEANU, MARGARETA COTEA, OANA
DODUN, NICOLAE POP and IRINA BELIU GRIGORA

Abstract. One of the main groups of processing methods is based

on the phenomenon of plastic deformation of the workpiece material.
Usually, the plastic deformation is generated by applying external forces
on the workpiece. The last decades highlighted the possibility to obtain a
permanent deformation of a metallic body as consequence of the internal
stress presence. If a cooling process generates a structural change
characterized by the volume modification of some zones of the
workpiece, internal stresses could appear and they could generate
permanent deformation of the workpiece. On the other hand, there are
some laser machining methods that use the thermal effect generated at
the contact of the laser beam with the workpiece material. The paper
presents some authors considerations concerning the transforming of the
photons kinetic energy in thermal energy, in the surface layer affected by
the laser spot. A simplified mathematical model was proposed in order to
explain the deformation of the thin sheet under the action of the stresses
generated as consequence of the material cooling after its heating by
means of a laser beam. Some preliminary experimental researches proved
the possibility to deform a thin sheet as result of the laser beam action.
Key words: laser beam, plastic deformation, heat affected zone,
structural change.

ON THE SIMULATION OF THE NANOINDENTATION

TECHNIQUE WITH APPLICATION TO THE BUCKLING OF
CARBON NANOTUBES
by
PETRE P. TEODORESCU, LIGIA MUNTEANU, VETURIA
CHIROIU, DAN DUMITRIU
 Abstract. In this paper, the nanoindentation technique is simulated
with a method which combines elements of nonlocal theory and
molecular mechanics. This technique is applied to study the buckling of
multiple walls carbon nanotubes using nanoindentation
Key words: carbon nanotube, nanoindentation, buckling, nonlocal
theory, molecular mechanics.

A SIMPLE SEMI-ACTIVE CONTROL APROACH FOR

MULTISTORIED STEEL STRUCTURES IN SEISMIC
CONDITIONS OF ROMANIA
by
GEORGE VEZEANU

Abstract. This paper analyzes the possibility of using semi-active

dampers (linear viscous behavior with limited force level) for multi-
storey steel structures in seismic conditions of Romania. Thus,
advantages of high levels of supplemental damping and economic design
of viscous energy dissipation devices can both be achieved. Withal, by
limiting force in dampers, structural elements and damper themselves are
protected against the risk of overloading.
The solution engaged in this study consist in using linear viscous
dampers with limited preset force level. The damping device functions as
passive in the most of earthquake duration and where needed, its
equivalent damping level is modified so that the damping force is limited
at the preset level.
Such a semi-active damping device was elaborated within the field
of a multidisciplinary research.
Key words: semiactive, damper, multi-storey, steel, braces.

MAGNETIC SHAPE MEMORY ALLOYS UNDER COMPLEX

LOAD PATHS
by
ALEX B. WALDAUER, HEIDI P. FEIGENBAUM, CONSTANTIN
CIOCANEL

Abstract. The thermodynamic model for predicting the magneto-

mechanical behavior of magnetic shape memory alloys (MSMAs)
proposed by Kiefer and Lagoudas [1] was originally tested
experimentally on a single specimen. The specimen was placed in a
constant magnetic field and under a varying compressive stress. Later,
Feigenbaum and Ciocanel [2] used the model to predict behavior under a
constant compressive stress and a varying magnetic field. Because
different researchers on different specimens did the two experiments, it
was not too surprising that the model needed to be re-calibrated. In this
work, through experimental results from tests performed on the same
specimen by the same researches it will be shown that the Kiefer and
Lagoudas model must be re-calibrated for different loading conditions.
Key words: magnetic shape memory alloys, constitutive model,
calibration.

REDUCTION OF NOTCH STRESSES USING SIMPLIFIED

GEOMETRIC DESIGN
by
HANS-BERNHARD WOYAND, MIHAIL AIGNATOAIE

Abstract. In the last years, several methods for the optimal design
of machine parts were developed. These modern shape optimisation
techniques based on finite element analyses may help to reduce stresses
in notched machine parts significantly. However, these new procedures
work iteratively and lead to a complex surface design of the machine
parts. Additionally, these methods are often much time consuming. In
this paper, some newer approaches for the optimal design of notched
machine parts were analysed. These proposed methods are based on a
simplified geometric design instead of iterative shape optimisation
techniques. As a result, it can be shown that stresses will be reduced
drastically and the structures weight may be minimized. Furthermore,
these procedures were implemented as user defined commands in a
CAD program which lead to a fast and reliable application in the
industrial practice. As examples, several real-world problems were
investigated, and some simple rods and bars as well.
Key words: stress reduction, notch stress, bionic shapes, stress
optimization.