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ur ns , cau u o m as , c u s ro u s , A N D B EL I EF S c o u u a c ra o
' '
w rrn P A S T O R A L u r nA ND T H E C U L T I V A T I O N or
TH B so n; W ITH n u n m u c A ND T H B
CA A TTL E ;
or C w rru F R UI T
cnowmc n u s , , A ND ro w m
L EW I S D AY TO N B U R DI C K
Member of A merica nA nocia tionfor the A dva ncement of S cience
Founm no n
A utho r of h m
OTS EN I N G O PU BL I S H I N G C O .
,
B I N G HA M TO N , N Y . .
PR EF A C E
w ou l d b e w i se to efia ce it i f w e cou l d ?
.
which were repea ted du ring sacri ce ; t he s im ples t a re found inpa stora l l ife .
"
Grint nt 1
'
Tra m la tionof Ja ne: S tevenSta llybra u p .
. . . .
C O N TE N TS
no
I Am.
ou r" no O ma n: or C u m rvxrron '
;
II . P REP A RI NG ro ut r m: C a or 14
III . PLOW I II G 31
IV . S O W I NO a n!) P u nrnu o 47
VI . Ma nna ru r Wu r za
'
n 91
VII . Lu nar . AN D Pu n -
ma r nu a nce 1 21
VIII . P ea rce nu s - r m: Hu m 1 35
UK H u m :
. 1 58
X . F ra n
s 1 73
XI . P a oc ns xo ns AND e a m zs 1 9o
X II M . a nna r m: H ea p s Pa ou nc 205
X IV . H anna m i c
- 237
F a m -G a ow m o 255
26 8
XVII . F ow u 28 1
I nner 29 3
MA G I C A N D H U S BA N DR Y
C H A PT E R I
Who
i ma gin h l d th ey lay es er e s as
I nth nhi n nw n by th p l w
e su s e, u or e o
Wh think a th y th gh t
o s s e ou ,
The t i b w h th n a m d n h
r es o e ro
o er b rea st,
H vig ou
er p imi ti v
orn? s, r e so s
P y r a mid a nd go ba ck si x thous a nd y e a rs
, I n these p a int .
thei r herds men p l ow in g a nd m ak in g w ine 3
A , .
Th Fut r
e M a tthew A n l d
u e,
r o .
H od t
er i 93
o u s,
. : .
a u
m un h; F ll a h a nd Exp l e
c e Am l i a B E dw a d p 7
s or rs,
e . r s, . !
MA G I C A N D H L S BA N DR Y
'
a m id
.In t he o ldest exta nt m a nu scri p t its e l f b u t a cop y ,
son gs of e a r ly d a te runs :
We i
nr se,
r se a t s u i
We res t a t su nse t,
D g ll d k
i we s a nd ri n ,
i ou r e s a nd ea t
T ll ld
Wh t is the stren t of the em peror to
a gh us ?
O i gi n f C l ti v a t d Pl a nt A lph n d C a nd ll p
r o u e s,
o se e o e, .
3 .
O l d t B k in t h W l d I aa My pp 7 6 5
es oo s e or ,
s c e r, .
, : 3.
T h M m my
e u E A W a ll i B d g p 8
,
. . s u e, . .
P i m i tiv C i v i l i a ti n E J S i m x i 8 3
r e z o ,
. . co ,
. 2 .
i liad i a ng a f nd M
'
, 5
s8 .L L
0, a i , e c
A N TI QU I TY OF CU LT I VAT I ON 3
, g t e
.
P itn
r itiv Ci v i l i a ti n
e z 46 o , :1 . .
I bid ii
. . u s.
for the p rodu cts them se l ves a t the com m encem ent of their
a cq u a inta nce w ith them T he more im po rta nt wa s the
.
O T i b th p i n a m pl i h d
a , ou r ce cco s e ,
W thy t l i nk w i th H a v n
or o e e ,
G a in give t
r na ti n!r o ou r o
W ith a h nd d b l i ng ame
h im u re ess s c
T h m i ll t th
e a ly nd th l at
e s, e e r a e e,
A nd l a t nd a ly p l
e a nd w h a t
e r u se a e .
The S hi Kin , g Wi ll i am
Jenni ngs , I V i , . t o.
A N TI Q U ITY OF C U L TI VA TI ON
He f lk t ti ll th l d
se t his o o e e s,
8 h a d th y g a i n f
0 a i
e r or s cr ce,
T h mi ll t b l a k nd w hi t
e e s c a e, a nd
The L ore ofC a th a y W A P M a t i n 2 5 5 ti ngf ,
. . . r , ,
uo rom a man u
c ipt v l m
s r o u w itten by the a bb t f a m na t y in th W t
e r o o o s er e es er n H i lls.
Ovid Fa ti i 6 7 3
s
s ,
. .
Gni ie es s, . :2 .
1 554 ii 5
. . .
T h G l d enB gh ii 46
"
e o ou , . : .
The oldest a nd m ost b ea u ti fu l c ha mr s of a ll nati n pa ss into pra ye rs ,
o s
1 2 33 .
After a l l , wha t we a ll tru th is o nl y t he h ypoth s i e s which fou nd to
work bes t .
J G Fra z er s
. .
'
m Golden B ough ,
i 45 0
. .
MA G I C A N D H US BA N DR Y
CHA PT E R I
Wh i m a gin h l d
o th y l a y
es er e s as e
I n th n hi n nw n by th p l w ?
e su s e, u or e o
Wh th ink oth y th gh t s as e ou ,
Th t i b w h th n m d n he b
e r es o e roa o r rea st,
H vig
er p i miti v n ?
o rou s, r e so s
w ere executed upon the wall s o f the tom b s for nob l es con
nect ed w ith the rei gno f K in g Khu fu b ui l der of the G re a t ,
H rod t s i 9 3
e o u ,
. : .
Ph a h F ll a h nd Exp l
ra o s, e Am l i a B Edw a d p
s a ore rs,
e . r s, .
I2 M AGI C AN D HU SBA N D R Y
ship o f the Baby l oni a n cre a tion t a bl ets to the story o f the
Heb rew s it is pro bab l e th a t y et undeciph ered r ecords m a y
,
F nd a ti n R i t
ou o es ,
I I .
ANTI Q U I TY OF CUL TI VATI ON I 3
A nd t ngt h f th
s re n d o e cor see ,
O f a h g a i nm a ki ng m a ny
e c r
E a h g a i n th a t y n i h
c r e ou r s
Wi th n w i l nd w at !
e so a er
of A m i a n E th n l gy
er c o o .
Id
PR E PARI N G F OR TH E C RO P 1 5
Ev l ti
o u o nof the Id ae of Go d,
h a p xiii
c . .
I 6 M AGI C A N D HU SBA N D R Y
Hence s ays M r All en mi ght g r a du ally a rise a h ab it
, .
,
Ev l ti n f th I d a f G d p 83
o u o o e e o o
, . 2 .
1 8 M AGI C AN D HU SBA N D R Y
D t n my i 3 3
eu e ro o . u
T a v l in \V t A f i a
r e s 47 3 es rc
"
,
PR E PA R I N G F OR TH E C R OP 1 9
abl e to her .
ing he a t of the su n .
q f ig
Hn e ce m i gh ty m th o er of t h
I m mo rt a l Gd o s,
Of b ru tes, a nd m en, is E a th f ll f
r u re ue nt e ned ,
S ince h
t ese t he c l im wh t
es e re rs , as fam e re o rts, p
T he ld
e was cu l t d nd th h a
u re a e v
r es t rose,
s ay s the poet ,
Sp t w ith f a nta ti h a i n th m a d d a n
or s c c s, e e s u re ce
W a v i ng inf i a t h a m d w i th h m anb l d
e ur e, c r e u oo .
Th N a t e f T h i ng J h n M a n G d t a n l a t i n ii 6 4
e ur o s, o so oo s r s o , . 0 .
Th N a t f Th i ng
e u re o ii s, .
Ge m ani a h a p s
r ,
c . o.
20 M AGI C AND HU SBA N D R Y
p e a ce a nd a g ricu l ture 1 1
Heno t he. T hunder o f the ,
a s a wa r g od w ere a la te r a ddition
12
H is thre e l e a din g .
Teu t ni Myth l gy p a so
o c o o ,
. .
P rimitiv C u l t e ii 3 5 307
e ur , . 0 , .
P R E PARI N G F OR T HE C R OP 2 1
p u r if i
y gn s b l ood
, l ettin g s f-a sts a nd s a crices
, of q u a i l s ,
receivin g a piece ; 3
a nd the a nnu a l ceremon y o f e a ti ng
the b ody o f the god wa s a ssur a nce of the rene w a l o f l i fe
in ve g et a tion a nd the y e a r ly h a rvest Tlal oc sh a red the .
f a vorab l e c rop Bab es a nd chi l dren w ere s a criced in
.
a i ve R ace iii
N t s,
.
R ig V d a Am i a n D G B i nton
e er c u s, . . r , 2 4.
Na ti v R c ii 33
e a es, . 2 .
l bid ii 340
. . .
2 2 M AGI C AN D HU SBA N D R Y
1'
T hi S p a k i ng P pl f th G l d C a t A B E ll is : 30
s -
e eo es o e o o s
, . .
, .
P i m i tiv C l t
r eii 7 u u re,
. 2 0.
Th G l d n B gh
e o ii
e 33 ou , o 3
PR E PA R I N G F OR TH E C RO P 2
3
m a n a nd w om a n in t h e month of M a rc h T he y w ere .
, ,
en su re a good c rop
21
.
O f al l re l i g ions o f t h e w or l d rem a rk s Dr Tyl or
, .
,
P rimitive Cu l tu ii 37
'
re , . 0.
24 MA G I C AND HU SBA N D R Y
q
kno w . T heir fa the rs did it b e fore them a nd the y be ,
l uxuri a ntl y 27
.
is al most a s di f cu l t to a n sw er a s it is to s a y ho w he rst
c a me to k now th a t seed s b uried inthe e a rth a t ttin g t ime s
w ou l d g e rmin a t e a nd r eproduc e the p l a nt a nd f ruit .
Ev l ti n f th I d
o u o f G d o e ea o o
,
'
O dy y x i 9 3; x iv 45
sse ,
. I . 0 .
PR E PA R I N G F OR TH E C RO P 2 9
w rote :
Th eR man v o s, e er cou d p ti ti
nte su e rs ou s,
A d d wi th h i gh
o re titl f d ivi ni ty
es o ,
th L d e or
I sr a e l ites 31
A t the fe a st o f Berecinth a the m other of
.
,
King ix 37 ; J m i a h v ii i
s .
sk
; xvi 4
S t l gi R it
e re
, 29q uo e
. 2
ou r e s
. .
ca a o c
es , 1 .
C d n C n d an ti tl D ngy
"
ru e s o cor ce, e u .
S t l gi R i t N tiv R iii 38 ; P i m i ti v C l
l "
ca a o 9 ; c es , 1 2 a e a ces, . o r e u
tu re,
ii 438 ; Exod s xx ix 4; L v i v
. 1 ; xv i 7;
u D t xx i ii 3 . I e . . 1 . 2 eu . . I .
30 MA G I C AND HU SBA ND R Y
D
P i mi ti ve Cu l t
u
r
u re, i , Th G OId D Bou gh I 7 0
u
e C
, . .
CH A PTE R I I I
PL OWI N G
Du ll h n st p lowma nt m a n e th l d
o e o ur e e
St ng T a
ro b a by h im th g nd
u rus ti ll d ;
e rs, e rou s a re e
N g a dy thi ngs h b
o u d n p i f w th e ree s, o r ze or or ,
B t bl
u th a th a nd b i ng h l a b f th ;
esse e r , r s er or or
H t a k th th y k
e e n d th t h p l w d i d a i n
e o e, or o e o s ,
A nd t ach e fa m t m a n th p l a i n;
es r e rs o u re e
H th i
e s
x a m p l w hen h h
e r e th n e, e e a rs e su
I n hi b igh t h n th n b l t i l
s r b g n
or s, e o e o
s e u ,
The u ef l p l w h a
s u h t i ve f m
o t
s re e re r e s ro ru s ,
N l i ve a t a
or nd w a nt h i st ngth in d t
s e se, a
M
s s re us .
'
M anil i u s,Engl i h t an l a ti
s r s n of
o r6 9 7 , book i v .
E sa y
s on A gri cu ltu r
e.
3:
32 M AGI C A N D HU SBA N D R Y
'
Is a i a h ii .
4; M i ah iv
c .
3
.
q
Joe l iii . Io .
P resco t t s
C on u est of P
e ru , i . I 39 .
34 MA G I C AN D HU SBA N D R Y
O
a sh a re b e a m f o ak a p l ow t a i l of i l e o a k ; for thi s is
- - x -
,
D m n l gy nd D v i l L
e o o o ai 38 e o re,
. 2
nd D a y t a n l a ti n f J B a nk 440 4 5
"
\V k or s a s, r s o o . s, 0
P L OWI N G 35
in the w oods s ay s the poet is b ent by stron g force a nd
, , ,
compe ll ed the b u ll s rst to b e nd thei r neck s to the y ok e .
I t wa s then for the rst time the uptu rned ea rth s a w the
l i g ht of the sun 1 3
T hou gh Hesiod xe s th e time for the
.
S e W k f V i g i l di t d by B A G l d G gi i 6 fr
e or s o r e e . . ou ,
eor cs, . t o, o
di i n f th bj t
scu s s o o e su ec .
"
E ngl i h T a n l a ti n f L n d a l nd L
s r s o G gi o i o8 7 5
o s e a ee ,
eor cs ,
. t -r .
Ovi d F a ti i v 4
,
s ,
. 00 .
I dy l xi ii .
36 MA G I C AN D HU SBA N D R Y
h a s b a led them w ith emp ty e a rs .
Wi th se r ep nts
f t i l f w ws ;
teet h the er e u rro s so
T he gl b
e e f m nti ng w i th n h a nt d j i
er e e c e u ce,
M ak es the s na k t th a h m a n
es
p p d c
ee u cro ro u e .
N t t C a nt ii
o e o P a a d i L ngf ll w Da nte
o . r se,
o e o
s .
PL OWI N G 37
"
G i mm T t ni M yt h l gy 49 553 9 8
r
s
eu o c o o ,
0, , I .
"
B k
ou r e s
Ri t
Sca ta lo gic es ,
2 62 .
Ga li e c I re l and D a ni l D
,
e ee y
n , 48 .
38 M AGI C AN D HU SBA N D R Y
The S i a mese ob serve a ri te desi gn a ted a s Ra a kna ,
festivities a re to t ak e p l a ce a ne w p l ow w ith a pa ir o f
,
q
,
T he Pundit m a r ks o ff a n im a g in a ry l ine ve ( a l uc ky ,
R l i gi n nd F lk L
e o f N th rn I ndie
a o Wi m' m C r ok 37 0
- ore o or e .
o s 0
37 r
.
42 MA G I C AN D HU SBA N D R Y
put into the g round in the sprin g to prep a re the soi l for
the seed b re a d a nd chee s e w ith al e a nd w hisky w ere c a r
,
s a id.
26
F lk L
o f N t h E a t S tl a nd
- ore o or s co
,
R ev . W a l te G go
r re r, t 6 o.
T t ni M yt h l gy
eu o c 4 o o
, r2 0.
P LO W I N G 43
tu rned to prep a ra tion for his w ork for the comin g se a son .
Derby shi re ) the p l o w b u ll oc k s Tho m a s T u ss er a uth or .
,
of Five Hundred Points of Husb a ndry says o f th e d ay ,
Pl w M nd ay n xt a ft th a t Tw lf id i p a t
o - o , e er e -t e s s ,
B i d t wi th th pl w th w t h b a nd i l a t ;
s ou e o , e o rs us s s
I f pl w m a n g t h a t h t
o w h i p t th k n
e c e ,
or o e s ree e,
M a i d l th th i
s ose k i f n wa t b n
e r coc e, o er e see .
"
B a nd 7 3
r , 2 .
44 MA G I C AN D HU SBA N D R Y
shi ll in g s I n those of He yb rid ge ne a r M al den Es sex in
.
, ,
1 552 is w ritten
, I tem receyved of the ga dryng of the
,
White P l ow e I S 3d An e x t ra ct from the church
. .
l ect is a pp l ied w ho lly to fe a stin g themse l ves T his wou l d .
S ygne w hereon the Plo wghe did stond B r a nd q uotes .
p e a re e
q
G i mm 6 5 n t
r , 2 ,
o e .
B a nd A nt i i ti
r
s 74 u es,
2 .
PLOWI N G 45
N a ogeo rgus
I n some p l a ces a ll
you th fu l flocke w i th mi nstrel s doe rep a ire,
the ,
Another hol ds the p low in h a nde ; the Minst re ll here d oth sit
A midde the s a me, a nd d ru nken songes w i th g a p i ng mou th, he s i ngs ,
B a nd 7 3
r , 2 .
"
G imm 2 6 3
r , .
46 M AGI C AN D H USBA N D R Y
Q u ote df rom W C Tayl
. . or s
al Hi t
Na tu r s ory of i
Soc ety
in P im i
r
Th n w y g l d n g a i n
e so ou r o e r ,
W ll f d nd p t in t a i n;
e orce a u r
Th w n tw i ll
u s so n a b v th
i l a pp a
soo o e e so e r,
A nd hoot a l ft nd f ctify
s o a ru ,
G w t ong nd fa i t
ro s r a r o see,
F ll a wn d nd
u e a
'
J enn ing
s t a
r n l a t
s i n f oth o S h i K ieng III ii
"
, . . I .
47
48 M AGI C AN D HU SBA N D R Y
thou gh it is the b e st o f d ays for settin g p l a nts I mb ued .
U p o n St . D a v id D ay
s , pu t a
o ts a nd b a rley in the cl ay .
nd D ay a75 s,
0 .
T t ni Myth l gy 82 4
eu o c o o
, r .
C d l i ti P t nd P
re u es nt wml m Jone 9 "
as a rese .
'
V y g nd T a v l v i i i 350
o a es a r e s,
"
.
5 0 M AGI C AN D HU SBA ND R Y
Th e he a d s a re m a de rm a nd h a rd b y w r a ppin g ti g ht ly in
a l inen c l oth a sm all round stone a nd settin g it a t the end
o f the c a b bag e bed w h en th ey a re tr a nsp la nted Th e .
"
th rive .
i 35 ii i
.
, 4 . r2 .
N a ti v R a ii i 3 8
e ces, . r .
'
J n l fA m i n F lk L
ou r a o xiv 2 7er ca o - ore, . 0 .
5 2 M AGI C AN D HU SBA N D RY
sow er so w ed cummin .
R l i gi n nd F lk L
e o a o - ore of Northern n I di a
, 382 .
n
Nat a l H i t y xxv i i i W hi p RO "
Ga
ur s or , .
5; ors of the N N IE ul " . '47
S O WI N G AN D P LA N T I N G 53
sa cri c e of a suc k in g pi g :
Th e n p i l e the
f l w hi l y m y ue e ou a ,
A nd h y
c ee r p i i t hi gh w i th w in
ou r s r s e.
Giv t y
e l av n i d l d ay
o ou r s es o e e ,
A nd f a t p n th f a tt d wi n
e s u o e e s e .
so r Fo w l er
1
,a dmit s o f no dou b t Anci ent a rtists repre .
o f Pri vy Pu rs e E x pe nses sho w th a t la rge sum s w ere
p a i d for di s g ui s e s a nd m a s k s for Christm a s ce l e b r a tions
"
Anna l s
f Ta i t
o xi i i
c us,
5 . r .
n
B k iii Od xvii
oo . e t a n l a t i n f F an
.
, rci s o o r s.
Roma n F ti va l
es 2 69s, .
MA G I C AND HU SBA N D R Y
T he G ld
n Bou gh , iii u p
o e
.
; See al so fo r a di nti ng view f th
sse o e
pen dix B .
R m a n F ti v a l
o es
s, 295 .
S OWI N G A N D PLA N TI N G 55
entra i l s of a pregna nt
Ceremo ni es to pro piti a t e the gods a nd a vert evi l a re
common w ith Hi ndu s a nd M a l a y s a t th e time o f the sow
in g A mon g the l a tter inth e o l dentime w h en the y w ere
.
, ,
a t La n g a t in S el a ngo r a re g iv en by M r Sk ea t
, ,
1 8
The . .
nu
Pa t i
s
n
67 Ri l y t an
o, e
'
s r s .
II u
M l y M a gi
a a c, 7
2 r .
5 6 MA G I C AN D HU SBA N D R Y
sh a des to propiti a te th em
, for they mi g ht oth erwi se pre
,
R l i gi
e n a nd
o F lk L
o - ore o f h n I ndi a W C
N ort er ,
. rooke, 37 x.
"
F . R a tz el s
Hi t y
s or of M a nk i nd i 47 3
, . .
SO WI N G AN D P LA N TI N G 59
by G rimm 7
,th a t be fore so w in g ba r l e y the seed shou l d b e
ru n throu g h a m a n s shi rt T hen the sp a rro w s w i ll not
'
.
t ou ch it .
"
Na t u r a l H y vii
i st or ,
"
. r3; xxvi ii . 2 3
.
"
Teu to nie M yth l g y
o o ,
r82 5 .
60 M AGI C AN D HU SBA N D R Y
N at al H i
ur y xv i i i 47 ; 6 S
s tor
,
. I .
I'
H d t
e ro i i 47 ; Pl t h
o us . I i u a rc , s s a nd O i
s r s,
v iii .
Th G l d n B g h
e o ei ii 4s ou , . r .
SO WI N G AN D P LAN TI N G 6 1
p u r p o s e thin
, k in g there by to imp a rt f e r ti l ity to th e crop .
q
.
M a gic nd Religi n 87 8 8
a o
"
, r , r .
62 M AGI C AN D HU SBA N D R Y
T he G ldo e n B ou g h ,
"
i ii . 1 46 .
SO WI N G AN D PLAN T I N G 53
p la n t in g
M
T . h a t the s e v a ry in g b u t k indr e d ceremonies
R i te f the I n a , p
s o 9 ; Jc s n l
f A m ric
. n 1F lk-L x i
ou r a o e a o ore, . s o r,
xi v 3 ; Na ti v R ce ii 35 6 9 "
. 1 0 e a s, . 0, 1 .
64 MAG I C AN D HUSBAN DRY
in 1 80 3 says :
, In some districts in South Wales all the ,
w hen they all attend to plow his land and the like ; and ,
"
B a nd 54
r ,
.
L v xix 9 ; D nt xxi i 9
e . . : e . . .
66 M AGI C A N D HUSBAN DRY
y
o r cr e, or make any noyse under thy fete then i t is to wete
,
lack eth let bym bo rrowe of his neygh bo rs that have for
, ,
.
Th f a i i e th n g v n d th pixi
r es eh l d w ay ;o er e , e es e s
A nd h p h d nd
s e ft n S th l a nd h ill
er a cro e r, o u er
s ,
W l d b w t th m a gi f l fi n f ay
ou o o e c o e or .
0 h ! m k n t t h na m f
oc o f b a h l d f a ith
e e, o r ou r or e rs e
Th a t f a i i w h it th gh th m nli ght
r es, o h a de rou e oo or s ,
R l d v th f a t f th
u e o er p nd th k i n
e e o e cro s a e e,
C l d de ti ny c b b i ng g l m t th g l a d
ou s ur , or r oo o e e .
may be .
K a te A S im p n in Ch mb J n l
. so , a ers
ou r a .
67
68 M AG I C A N D HUSBAN D RY
The celebrated author o f the Roman Questions ,
these ima ges had the appea rance o f men bound hand and
foot Tradition sai d that in older times aged men a fter
.
,
'
T n l ati n f P h il m n H ll a nd 60 3 d i ted by F a nk By n J von
ra s o o e o o , 1 , e r ro e s.
M A KI NG PRODU CTIVE 69
me n platt ed i n rushes
,
3
. T h e interpre tation of the cu s
t o m as g i v enb y Pluta rch points to the ea rlier sacri ce o f
, ,
p u t a n end to i t and
, tau g ht th em to make and toss over
co u n ter fei t m en i nstead of livi ng men The festival .
p a n yin g it we r e o f
feri ngs to the river g od Tiberinus or as , ,
Ovid and Di onysius say to the old agricu ltu ral deity S at
,
M
v a . .
7 0 MA G I C AN D HUSBAN DRY
, , ,
plenti ful ra in
.
all ni ght long The priestess of the goddess was a mai den
.
they appropri ated the temple of the goddess for a bri dal
chamber to grati fy thei r unsanct ioned love The angry .
are loaded with fru its and hymns of tha nksgivin g are ,
sung .
three yea rs yea r a fter yea r the seven sons o f S aul were
, ,
'
2 Sa m . xxi . 6 -
9 .
7 2 MA G I C AN D HUSBAN DRY
the ea rly history of Sweden that King Dom a lde was sac
ri ced to Odin and the altars smea red with h is blood to ,
away evi l spi rits The heads are hung up i n thei r houses
.
the seasons were h a d thei r crops had fail ed and the f ru its
,
H i story o f M a nk i nd F R a t ze l ii
,
.
, . :43 .
Before beginnin g the e v enin g meal a little a v a was poured
on the g round a nd the act accompa ni ed w i th su pp lica tion
t hat the plan ta tio n mi ght be productiv e
13
.
tionto the spi rit of the corn The ceremony was rep eated .
nights during which no one entered the eld both four and ,
the eld alone and found young ears upon the sta lks .
One who had eaten a May apple must not come near th e
-
G eo rgeT n pp 8 n 6u r er, . :0 , .
M y th s of the Ch k J a m M n y 42 3 42 4
e ro ee ,
es oo e , , ,
in N ni
eteen!
A nn a l R p
u e o rt o f th B a f A m i a n Eth n l gy
e u re u o er c o o .
M A K I N G PROD UC T I VE 75
L a leen hav e his hai r cut during this period for some ,
that the custom may have ori gi nated i n ancestral o fferi ngs .
good spi rit he assisted in the work i n the barn and th rew
T he G ldo e n B gh i 3 8
ou ,
. r .
"
P i nk e rto ns
V ya g
o iii
es,
.
7 6 MAGI C AN D HU S BAN DRY
the spi rits of the dead ancestors must be i nvo ked to a ssist
and protect th em or they would cry out a g ainst the mali g
a n. E gyp ti a n M a g i "
E A B dg
c, . . \Va lla ce u e, 73
MAKIN G PR O D U C T I VE 77
Ka rens say that plants have thei r La and they call ,
back the spi rit of sickly rice believin g that it has l eft th e ,
them in pa rt says :
, 0 come rice kelah come
, Com e , , .
from the maw of the ape from the throat of the elephant ,
O l d t B k f th W l d I aa My gs ; P i m i tiv C i vi liza
es oo s o e or ,
s c er, a r e
ti n i 44
o s, . : .
"
2 Sam . xxi . :2 -
1 4.
P rim i ti v e Cu lt u re,
"
i .
47 5 .
7 s MA G I C AN D HUSBAND R Y
lines :
A a m en nto i R u st s old
'
g ro v did hi
e e,
real m eanin g o f the choic e o f victi m says Professo r ,
Fowler 22
was unkno wn both to pri est and poet ; but
,
R m a n F ti va l 9
o es s,
0.
MA K IN G PRODU CTIVE 79
C d i ng R b i g d th p a r th b l a d f th co n nd l t th mooth
orro o o, o ou s e e e o e r , a e e s
t p q iv
o n th
u fa f th g nd
er o e su r ce o e rou .
S p a I p a y th
re, rnd k p thy g h h a
ee ,nd f math c p ; inj e ee rou s ro e ro s ur
nt o ld ;ou r e s
M o ret b n t w il t th
o ou r e d th w d nd th h t f l w a p n ;
e ou co rro e e s or s a e ur u e o s
th m w w a n
e t n t ; th w
e ld i t p a o e or s a e ce,
Let th h b a nd m a n b
e us v na b l d t p ay h i v w t th k ping
e e er e e o s o s o ee, ee
thy l f se
T h G l d n B gh
e i i 2 55
o e ou
, . .
T an H T Ril y i v
r s. . . e , .
80 M AGI C AN D H U SBAND RY
'5
C re d l iti
u P a t nd P
es , s a rese nt. "
32 4i 32 7 '
ft n Na i v R a
"
B a ncro
ii 6 9 2
'
t e ces ,
f C a th ay W A Ma i n".
Lo re o ,
. . Po 1 63
82 MAGI C AN D HUSBAND RY
the cotton comes into ower parched rice is taken into the
eld on a Wednesday or a Friday S ome of it i s thrown .
over the plants and the rest given to ch ildren The cere .
is for the women when the pods are open and ready for
,
pickin g to go round the eld eating rice milk and spi t the
,
-
,
o f later growth than the belie f that the tree was th e seat
trees were fell ed all th e fru its o f the ea rth would peri sh
, .
deities among the Mund aris were held responsible for the
crops and were especially honored at agricultu ral festivals .
R l i gi
e o n a nd F o lk L -
o re of Nort h n I nd i a ,
er
38 3
\Vo rs h ip of t he R m an o s,
22 3
H a iv
ose , . :3 .
MA K IN G P RODU CTIVE 83
in June the loca l gods are p ropi tiated that they may g ive
thei r blessi ng to the crop A g ai n i n July each cultivator
.
g ro w ing
lau rel placed in t he g round and the crops be spa red both ,
R li gi n nd F l k L
e o a o f N t h n I nd i a
- ore o 37 3
or er
,
84 M AGI C AN D HU S BAN DRY
with slips o f blood red cornel A Syrian way o f driv - .
God th e F a th
a l d d i d i de er e r ,
S t t ly th h h pli d
ou e oe e e ,
S t bb d p th w m t i gh t
u e u e or s ou r ,
On w e b l a k a n th w h it
as c , o er e,
Th th i d w m it w
e r d; or ,
a s re
H li th w m a ll d a d
ere e e or s e .
3
away from th em cate rpillars .
Nat a l H i t y x v iii 45 46 7 ; x i v 58
ur s or ,
.
, , o . .
G i m m 48 7 84
r , I2 , I .
S m iv
"
I a8 . . I .
D G B i nt n in J n l f A m i n F lk L
. . r iii
o ou r a o er ca o -
ore, . 2 0.
MAKIN G PR O DU CT IVE 35
Wonderful ma g ical power was a scribed to a horse s
head xed upon a stake by the Norsemen and the Teu ,
Nu mbers m i 9 . .
'
Elw o rthy
s
E v il Eye,
H d t i 6 ; P a a ni a iii
ero o u s, . 2 1 us s, . 20 .
Dy B i ti h P p l a C t m
er s r s o u r us o s,
47 2 , 48 6 .
86 M AG I C AN D HUSBAN DRY
The dan ger from sorcery was ever present and the crop ,
was made aga inst Caius F u riu s Cres inu s that he raised
lar ger crops from a small e r eld than his nei g hbo rs could
produce from la rger holdi ngs o f land He was brought .
goodman .
D m n l gy nd \Vit h f \V a l t S tt 8 n t
e o o o a c cra t,
er co ,
2 , o e .
Th Da k e S p ti i n
r erfS l a nd J h n G a h a m D ly ll 6
u e rs t o s o cot ,
o r a e , 2 0.
An E h f th O l d n T i m \V a l t G g
c o o e 33 e e, er re o r, I .
MAKING PRO DUCTIVE 87
and cut chips from doo rs and g ates o f the fa rmyard and
boi l them in a mi lk p a i l and in that way charm the mi lk ,
"
mud .
powerl ess When the cows were bewitched and the quan
.
a
P i nk t er o ns
V yag
o es ,
"
i ii .
Ra l t n s o
'
s S o ng s o f t he R i u ss a ns,
Sca t a lo g ic Ri tes ,
"
8 4, 39 6 .
88 MAG I C AN D HU S BANDRY
that ou r mi nist ers nowadays know not , wa s to repeat
th re e times the followin g :
C om e b tt
u e r, come,
Com e, b tt
u e r, com e,
Pt e er s ta nd s at the a
g te,
W a i ti ng fo r a b u tter d
c a ke .
Cm bo e, u tte r, co me .
0
puppies in a eld to ri d it of weeds which suggests a ,
th e sacrament and bless the co m a mani festation o f
, ,
In Herrick s pretty lines Pray and Prosper is , ,
m il S h a ll
nd m b s th y b a de a s e ll th e e tt by
er e s .
Th p a ng li ng d w d gg d
e s th g a h a ll be e re e o er
e r ss s
T n d a ll t m l nd m a nna th f th
ur e o e a e re or ee .
B tt f a m b u a m nd wi n nd il
er o e r, cre , a e, a o ,
S h a ll n i v a ll th g h t thy il
ru as r e rs rou ou so .
\V ld t th t in
ou i l v t n thy m l d
s ou o s ce re s er ur ou ,
P ay n ; tw i p ay nd t n thy g nd t g l d
r o ce ce r , a ur rou o o .
B and Anti q i t i 7 5
r
s u es ,
0 .
F lk L
o W l h nd M a nx i 3 7
- o re , e s a ,
. 0 .
u
B i t i h P p l a C wm f " 7
r s o u r us
'
Vo l . xiv 33 . .
9 0 MAGI C AN D HUSBAN DRY
peasant goes into his garden and swi ngs his scythe over
h is cabbages when they curl up thei r leaves and wi ll not
prop e rly head By swi ngin g evil inuences were expelled
.
, ,
I l pleu t q a an
u t r j e pl ta d ;
ou rs us r
S i l pl
eu t l j
e d S a i nt G v a i
ou r e er s ct de Sa int P rot a is
I l pl t q a an j ap
eu u tr e ou rs res.
Ou r m orn a nd e e v ni ng dew
T hea a m nts cr e
Th a t m a k h a ll th i ng
et s new
F m h av n i
ro e e s sent;
A nd th i th n in va in
e r, e er
'
\V l k f
e aidoo or ,
To nd h p n a l a i n
t e u ctu r
Or su n or
9 !
9 2 M AG I C AN D HU S BAN D R Y
Wh
ere er it fa ll n f i t a nd
s, or ru rou ,
Nor lea f s h a ll g a th b l a t d g
r ce e s e rou nd .
a nd n th pl a in
o e s.
Push el sewhither all the thick black clouds over g reat fens , ,
T a n f G g L ng v 7
r s . o eo r e o , . .
T t ni My th l gy 7 6
eu o c o o ,
"
I .
94 MAG I C AND HU S BAN DRY
To k n w w h n h a il w ill fa ll w i nd a i
o e or s r se .
H ta ght t th h i f ta i l t vi w
e u u s e rs e e er s o e ,
W h n t k a l f t th a t h w w l d t a i g h t n
e s uc o , s o e rs ou s r e su e ;
H t th a t
e rs f l t did
u se uxpl a i n secre e ,
Th at p i k i ng n f t l d th g a th i ng a i n;
rc co r s o re o e er r
Wh n w a ll w t a h i gh nd a t in i
e s o s ee so r a o a r,
H t ld th a t th w l k i n w ld b l a
e o us e e ou e c e r .
Th e hedgehogge h a th a q i k th n d g a m nt u e e or e r e ,
Th a t n h i b a k d t h
o s h im f d f n ;
c e o se ru e or e e ce
H e ca n p a g t h wi nd i n nt i n nt
res e e s co e ,
A nd h a th g d k n w l d g in th di f
oo f n o e e e e re ce
B tw n th
e ee th n nd th n h n w i nd
e s ou er e a e ort er e .
Th v i t
ese ll t d h im by k i nd
r u es a re a ot e ,
Wh n in C n t nti n pl th t g a t i ty
e reo o s a o e, a re c ,
A m h a nt in h i g a d n g a n n i hm nt ;
e rc s r e ue o e ou r s e
By w h i h h k n w th a t wi nd t
c e t a i nty
e s ru e ce r ,
B a th h d g h g g a h im j t p a g m nt
ec u se e e e
o ue us res e e .
In the Garden of the Muses , written in 1 6 00 , a re
simi lar lines :
As h dg h g
e e o s doo f o resee e ns u inge s torm es,
So wi m n
se e a re fo r fortu ne p pa d
re re .
Poor Richa rd s Almanac in the eighteenth centu ry
, ,
q
'
B and
r ,
Na t l Hi t y L nd L g nd F E dw a d H l m ti n f
u ra s or o re a
g m e e ,
. r u e, uo ro
Lov es M a ty
r r.
MAKING TH E WEATH E R 95
If by m so e h dg h g kn w
secret a rt th e e e o o ,
So l ng b f
o w h i h w a y th w i nd wi ll b l
e ore, c e s w,
o
Sh h e n t w h i h m a ny a p
as a ar nla k
c e rso c s,
Th a t th i nk h i m l f t t m a k a l ma na k
s se o e c s.
speare speaks i n King Lea r of the halcyon bea ks
that tu rn with every g ale ; and I nto what co rner
pee rs my halcyon s bill ? says Christopher Ma rlowe
.
Wh il b i d
e r s of c alm s it b rood i ng o nt he c ha rm e d w av e,
wrote Mi lton in t he beauti ful Hymn on the Nativi ty .
the halcyons that lull the waves a re the dea rest to the
g re en hai red merma ids o f all the bi rds that take thei r
-
prey from the salt sea One of the Grecian legends makes .
winds and the sea makes it clea r from what source must
have sp run g the reputed power of the bi rd over the waves '
of the deep .
No rth w i nd s se nd h a i l s ou t h wi nd s , b i ng a i n
r r .
The W t a f a th a ll g d n d th b i ng
es as er, oo es s o r ,
T he E a t a f b a n m a nn f th i ng ;
s , or e re r, o er o
T he S th ou nk i nd d a w th i k n t
, as u na
,
r e s c es s oo e r;
T he N th or a f i nd m a k th a ll a g a i n l a
, as re , e c e r.
W i nd f ro m the n th f th
or 6 ; , ur er 0
W i nd f rom the w t b i t th
es , e e
, ,
'
J n l / A m i n F lk L
ou r a 0 xi v 37 er ca o - ore, . .
9 8 MA G I C AN D HUSBAN D R Y
Winchester .
di s eas es .
1 0
o u
M a nnm , C us to m s a nd O b nces ,
s
e rva
L eo p l d \V a gn
o e r, 26 5
.
T w o Ye a rs in t h e F re nc h \ es t n V I di es .
"
L a fca dio "a mt 3 33'
MAKI N G THE WEATHE R 99
rite. I mages were also made of all the ends i n the trai n
o f A pep Thei r names were wri tten on papy rus which
.
,
was t h rown to the ground kicked with the left foot and
, ,
E gypti an M gi E A W a ll is B d g 82 84
a
c, . . u e, -
.
I oo M A GI C A N D HU S BAND R Y
the sun unwillin g ly i nto the streams of Ocean to s ave ,
the Greeks 1 2
The same was tru e of the Israelites for
.
, ,
a d th
S u n, st n ou st ill v o er G ibeonl
A nd th M ou , nl
oo n, in the va ll y e o f A a lo
j
A nd the s u n s tood st ill , a nd the moo n st aye d ,
U nti l the na tion h a d a venged itsel f on its enemies!
ayed him alive Professor Warde Fowler says he has
.
"
Professor Frazer calls a ttention to the fa ct that cere
monies for the prevention o f rain i n some countri es a re
the a ntith ises o f those used in others for producin g it .
"
J h a x 3 P ly h m di ti n W H B nn tt
os u ,
. : , o c ro e e o ,
. . e e
G i m m " 42 646
r , ,
I .
N a ti v R a i 7 52 0
e ces , . : 1 , .
R m a n F t iv a l 4 n t
o es s,
0, o e .
T h G l d n B gh
1 1 "
e I 93
o e ou , . .
I oz MA G I C A ND HU S BAND R Y
Dante in a pa ss a ge i n Purgato ry con rm s the Opi n
,
j in d th a t v il w ill w h i h ye k v il
He o e e , c a see s e ,
T i nt ll t
o nd m v d th m i t nd w i nd
e ec , a o e e s a
By m a n f p w w h i h hi w nna t g a v
e s o o er c s o u re e.
hea t ing it ona stone th ree times i n the nam e of S atan and ,
s ayin g
I knoc k t h i g p n th i t n
s ra u o s s o e
To ra i th w i nd in th divill na me
se e e
s ,
It s h a ll n t ly ti ll I pl a g in
o e e se a a e.
Ex d i xo us 3 . 22 ,
2 .
L ng f ll w T a n ant v
o e o s r s .
, c o .
A n t m y f M l a n h ly 2 3
a o o e c o ,
: .
Ep i tl iii 353
s e,
. .
MAKING TH E WEATHE R 1 9 3
loaded his gun with a consecrated bullet and red into the
middle of the da rkest cloud when out o f i t a naked female ,
open i ts doors and send down rain from above that well
, ,
D a k S p ti ti n f S t l a nd J G D ly ll 48
r er u e rs o s o co ,
. . a e , 2 .
1 9 4 M AG I C AND HUSBAN DRY
henba ne wit h the li ttl e n ger of her ri ght hand and tie i t to
the little toe o f her ri ght foot ; she was thenconducted by
the other ma idens to the nea rest river and splashed with
water S ometimes a g i rl called the da do was stripped
.
To God d th d d all
o ou r o o c ,
Th at dewy a i n m y f a ll
r a ,
A nd d en h th d i g ge
r c a lle rs ,
The w k g a t nd m a l l
or e rs re a s ,
Even th in h ose nd t a ll ou se a s .
The other chi ldre n lea d her around the village and S i ng
hymns ; eve ry housewi fe throws a pai l of w ater o ver her ,
G rimm , 59 3, 594; S
o ng s o f t he R i an
u ss s,
2 2 7.
I o6 M A G I C AND HU S BAN D R Y
The Peruvians set a black sheep in the eld pou red chi ca ,
and washes the cat in i t until the latter is more than hal f
2
drowned heavy rain will certa i nly ensue
, .
Cha rms were also recited to stop the down fall o f the
q
rain when the ood was likely to bring serious conse
u ences The followin g is g iven by M r Skeat as found
.
Le t t he Y a m l av
e es be th i k
as p ib l
c as os s e,
Th a t a i n r a nd tem est p m y a m t na g h t
co e o u .
Ov th g a nd m th
er e y r o er s
r e,
Ov th g a nd fa th
er e w h at r er s
e ,
Ov th gi l a x
er e r s
,
P in b k t f l
ou r uc e s u .
I wi ll k th coom ha h h ee so e rs e ( sou p ) ,
I wi ll p t it in n u a
M a l ay M a g i 8; T h G l d n B gh
c,i 6
IO see
e o e ou
,
. I o -I I I .
R a l t n S ng f th R i a n
s o
s 7 o s o e u ss s,
22 .
MAKING T HE WEATHE R 1 07
A h w f g nt l a i n; s o er o e e r
L t th m p t nd l t th m wer
e e s rou a e e o ,
G i v th w l d th i in a e e or e r cre se ,
G w i ng n nd tt n pl ant
ro co r a co o ,
E v y h b th a t i th i t l
er er s a rs
Giv giv w at e u s, e us e r,
C n in h a p d a b nd an
or e e u ce,
L t a h ll a b h l
e e c ea r us e ,
A nd v y v i n a a k
e er e c s .
elds the imitation of the storm and its e ffects being sup
,
upon the fenc e or hung up in trees i t wi ll bring on rain .
3
1"
J n n l / A m i n F lk L
o r a 0 xv
er ca o -
ore, . 20 .
( bid xi v 2 7
. . 0 .
1 08 MAGI C AN D HU S BAN DRY
ered i nto the well with religious rites The bodies were .
L f C a th a y
o re o 66 ,
I .
I 1 0 MA G I C AN D H USBAN D R Y
ha ilsto rrns whi rlwi nds and li g htning are sca red a way by
, ,
lulled by her 36
.
expi red while at the same time they read from the
,
at a l H i t y
N ur s or
,
Ii 53 .
!bid xx v ii i
.
3 . 2 .
Da k S p ti i
r er u e rs t ons of S tl a nd
co
, 1 90. 35'
M A KI N G T H E WEATHE R I I I
B ra hrna ns o
Chi l dren o f the Roumanians sti ll thro w
clay ima ges i nto the river to b ri n g rain in a dry season .
t he ch ild
.
Po lk b ore,
s
vo l ix
. . 278 .
W hip
ors of th e R m an P a nk G ang
o s,
r r e r, 1 56 .
I 1 2 M AG I C AN D HU S BAN DRY
rai nbow 1
.
the wood The prophets danced upon the altar and cut
.
,
blood gushed from them and the hour for the even ing ,
Th m p o so n Ri v erI nd i a n f B i ti h C l
s o r s o um bia
,
J am
es T it e , I 09 ;
S ca ta lo g ic Rit es ,
J G B k 7
. . ou r e, 2 0 .
I K i ng s xviii .
1 1 4 MAGI C AN D HU S BAN D RY
for a certain percentage of the crops which they saved .
ca n
H i t y f th I nq i i ti n III 4 5
s or o e u s o ,
. 1
M A KIN G TH E W EAT H E R 1 1 5
and adds that the custom had been discontinued thi rteen
yea rs be fore his visit Shetland seam en buy winds of the .
tie up the wind in knots and the more knots a re loos ed the ,
of fro g s and toads wi th spri ngs and wet places has prob
ably led to the belie f that they controlled the fall o f ra i n .
TMyth l gy 6 33 6 36 7 6 7 87 ; P i nk t n V y a g
ni c
eu to o o ,
, , ,
I0 er o
s
o es,
ii i 7 4 mm T a
.
, f th E l d F a i th f I l a nd
r ces o I G f d M a t i n
e er s o re ,
"
. . oo - r ,
i 3 5 ; Ody y x 9 ; M a b th i v i 52
. 0 sse ,
. 1 c e ,
. . .
1 1 8 MAGI C A N D HUSBAN D RY
Thei r meeti ngs are held upon the bald hills and some ,
are made to steal the sun and dew and even th e moo n
and sta rs .
be put upon a harp says he or any such like instrument
, ,
and inj ure the livin g As vampi res they come fo rt h from
.
the suicide and the dry season the y assem bled at the ,
A s they po ured ou t wate r upon th e g rave they crie d I , ,
R ecent e vi dence has been fu rnished of the sti ll p re v
alent belie f among the peasantry o f t h e B u ko w ina
,
e ffect it i f du g up at midni gh t a suicide s for choic e and
,
E P E v an s in P p l S i n M nth ly liv
6
. . , o u ar 3
c e ce o ,
. 2 1 .
New Y rk I i m o J ly '
u9c , u I 2 , I t.
I 20 M AG I C AN D HUSBAN DRY
That educated people says Pro fesso r Tylor to whom , ,
to observe the time and cou rse o f the moon in planting and
sowing as none put trust in them but those that worship
,
I f gre t a she a pp a th it h w th
e re , s o e re ou t,
I f sm a ll s he a pp a th it i gni d
e re , s es rou g ht
.
h w li k a il v h i l d
I f the m oon s o s e s er s e ,
Y ou n d n t b af aid t
ee ap y ld ;
o e r o re ou r e
B t if h
u i h a l d nd
s e r ses oe rou ,
S n w ll t a d n d l g d g nd
oo e
re o e u e rou .
P i mi ti v C l t
r i 3 e u u re,
. 1 0.
LUNA R AN D PLANETA RY IN FLUEN CE 1 2 3
If m i t
s
s in th e new m oon, ra i n in th e old ;
I f mi ts
s in th e o ld, r a i n in th e new moon .
Sa t d a y
ur
s new a S
nd u nd ay f ll
s u
The Scotch say when the new moon lies sai r on her
back it is a su re si gn o f bad w ea ther and i f the new ,
F I f i a d dli t m
or e r ea e s or e .
L t l t y t n I w th n w m n
a e, a e es ree sa e e oo e
\V i th a l d m n in h i a m ;
e u oo e r r e
A nd I f i I f i my d i m a t
e r, e r, e r s e r,
Th a t w wi ll m t h a m e co e o r e .
and i f the moon w as clear and bri ght on the fourth night
of i ts appearance the weather would be fai r for the fol
,
S hield on the lion s hea rt .
Th d a mn d M k A t a nd th b a i n i k ta l
ou e oc - r , ou r -s c e
Of ld A t l g i
o s ro o e
S m d ti ng g ip m ng t th C h a l dee w i ve
o e o oss
o s e s
D i d t th o d l w l d th ee t d i v ;
e cre u ou s or rs er e
A nd S p tit i n n
u d th ee v
e rs o n u rse e e r se ce,
A nd p b li h t in p f nd
u s at p tn ; ro ou er rs re e ce
T h a t n w w h p a h i n il
o ,
o lib h i w i n
res s a es , or s s s e,
B t h m t t ta k n il f th i gn
u e us rs e cou se o e s e.
the soil g ray with the e xperience of many years that thei r
buckwheat always lled better i f it had come to bloom i n
the period when th e moon was waxin g to its full and lis ,
L UNA R AN D P LA NETARY I N FLU ENCE 1 2 7
less con fesse d to having expe rim ented for thems elves and
, , .
q
necessa ry to an a cceptance of th is anci ent su rv ival as a
w or ki n g theory it is a no less ma tter o f fre uent conversa
,
tion and comm ent sometim es of jocu lar rema rks and ri di ,
o
q
, , , ,
ch asti ty a nd of th ese inuences the wise man follows
,
'
L ngf l l w
o D nt
e nt t o a nt iii f P a radi
s
a
e, o e o c o . o se .
I 2 8 M AG I C A N D H U S BAN D R Y
thei r inuence upon the wel fare of the peopl e the p ros ,
the new moon each month was care fully watched for and
observed a nd duly repo rted to the proper o ffici als The .
reads :
T th A g i l t i t my l d
o e r cu ur s ,
or ,
A n ffi f Ni n v h
o ce r o e e ,
M ay Na b nd M a d k b g a i u a r u e r c ou s
T th A g i l t i t my l d
o e r cu urs , or .
Th f t n th d a y w
e k pt a w a t h f the m n
ou r ee e e c or oo .
T h m n ff d n l i p
e oo su e re a ec se .
l b id 359
.
1 39 MAGI C AN D HUSBAN DRY
g r a ft i ng a nd pl a
, nt ing were advised wh en t he m oon was in
T a u ru s Vi rgo or Caprico rn In a wo rk w ritt en in 1 6 37
, , .
,
G rass is not to be cut at the new but at the full moon that , ,
it may dry qui ckly Bamboo planks cut at the new m oon
.
last ten years but cut at the full rot with in the y ea r
, , .
'
cos mical risin g of Arc turus and Orion the Ha edi and t h e ,
a
M g i c o f t he o rse- oe, 1 8 H
"
Sh .
L U NA R AN D P LANETARY I N FLUEN CE 1 31
w ell to sow peas at the full moon or three days be fore and ,
because they contai ned the souls of the dead and Plutarch ,
Wh w th th m n h w t h t
o so e e n; soo e r, e so e oo soo e
Th a t th y w i th th pl a n t m y t nd i
e , e e ,
a res a r se,
And i h w i th b a i ng m t pl nti f l w i
ou r s e r , os e u se.
the r eason assi g ned for i t i s that peas and beans sown
du ring the i ncrease run more to ha w n and straw and so wn ,
says Tusser ,
Th G a d n f E d n
e r e 6
o e , 1 0 .
N a t a l H i t y xv iii ;
ur s or Ii ,
s s a nd Oii s r s,
v ii i.
1 32 MAGI C AN D HUSBAN DRY
But w int f it ga th
er ru er wh n M iche l is
e pa s t.
I n so w i ng i m e -t ne e r wou l d
I d i bb l t ake e,
Or d pa d
ro see , ti ll t ou h w a t w id aw ak
s e e.
ten tots dance before the m oon and practice all sorts of ,
1 9
cattle and mi lk in abundance .
never kill ed durin g the light of the moon and that potatoes ,
sink into the g round i f not set in the dark of the moo n .
N a ti v R a
e ii 7
ces,
. 1 0.
N a ti v f Sa a w a k nd N th B i t i h B
es o r a or r s n
or eo,
i .
40 1 .
M nLoo T Ha l y 6
o re,
. re , 1 1 .
1 34 M AG I C AN D H USBAN DRY
Wh en bene a th the s ki
n morni ng s b ri nk
es o
'
T he P le i a d s, Hy a d s, a nd O ri on s i nk ;
Know then the plow ing a nd the seed ti me nea r
When S i riu s a nd O ri on the m id-sky
Ascend , a nd on A rctu ru s look s from h i gh
T he osy nger d mo rn, t he v i nt a ge ca ll s
r - .
Wh e
n,
th en thy l a bo re rs t h ra s h the s acre d co rn
Le t .
3
i
N neteent h Ann a l R p
u e ort of the B a
u re u of Am ica n Ethn l
er o ogy, 2 59 ,
443, r0 8 9 .
'
H esio d
s W orks a nd D ay s,
Elt ns
o
tr anl a ti
s on .
CHA PTE R VI I I
B li f th a t
e e s l d m n l ng g
ru e a o a o
\Vith in a t i n ft t i m h w ;
ou r c o s o es s o
T h h a b it
e f p i m va l d a y
s o r e s
St ill l b t
c ose m d nw av ;
ese ou r o er s
A nd th g h t wou n w i t h b a tf l p ri de
s e sco r o s u ,
t p n n i g id
Our s e s, u co sc ou s u e .
are not those w hich enter mani festly into the sequence of
natural law and which are productive of most beneci al
e ffects but those which a re disastrous and appa rently
,
2
abnormal At a time when it w as almost universally
.
i t was doubly so to him who was given the care and over
si gh t o f ocks and herds Any mal formation of the .
H ny P h i ll i p i
e r s, r,
. in J ou r a l o n f : 1 merica n F olk-L ore, vol iii . .
R at i na l i m in E
o s u ro e, p
i .
1 35
1 36 MAGI C AN D HUSBAN DRY
principal pa rts were : Thin gs that pe rtain to Witchcra ft ,
"
The E ects 0 f Witchcra ft and The Remedies for ,
Witchcra ft One of the k inds of witches describ ed
.
sp rin kled w ith the w ater but have it tu rned into i ts mouth
, .
o r sti rrin g it with a sic kle the cut of the lash or sic kle made
pastu res They made the herds sick by conjuring into thei r
.
before the stable door Branches of the elsb eer tree hung
.
s table durin g the night prev ented the witch from getting
any hold on the cattle for the bea r scratched out the stu ff
,
cattle out first for the year they buried eggs under the
threshold which the cattle must pass over and that would
ensure them sa fety I n the S a a lfield country when th e
.
,
cattle were fi rst driven out axes saws and oth er i ron tools
, , ,
apron and plac ed just insi de the stable and the cattle were
PROTE CTING TH E HE RD S 1 39
Day
G a t b nd l th n f h b t h
re u es e o ea r e s o c u rc h the pe pl f a
o e st doe
ba e re,
T h w h i h a g a i n t a ll h t f l th i ng
e c s ur u s the pi r est d th h a ll
o ow
th ea re,
A nd wi ll w b a n h h a ll w th a t th y P a l m d
o t a ll
r c es o , e es o u se o c .
Th i d n th y v i l y b l v th t m p t n th t m
s o e, e er e ee e e e es or e s or e
C n n yt h a h t th m l v n y t th i a tt ll n th i r com e!
e er ur
"
e se es, or e e r c e , or e
Pennant in his Tour of Scotland spea ks of findin g
, ,
e ffects the good hous ewi fe took what mi lk she could get
from the a ffected cattle boi led certai n herbs i n i t a d din g , ,
R m a n F t i va l \V a d F w l 5
o es s,
r e o e r, 0 .
B a nd Anti q i t i
r
'
s 9 u es,
1 1 .
'
l bid 6 a
. .
l 4o MAG I C AN D HUSBAND RY
f
l i nts and untempered ste el Then she fastene d the door .
there was no longer any doubt about it .
the story g rew out of a belie f that the death was e ffected
by w itch cra ft A method of breaking unruly cattle from
.
the place 9
.
'
P i nk erto ns
V ya g
o es,
iii . 69, 2 88 .
l bid iii 6 4
. . 2 .
E ng l i h F l k L
s o - o re,
T . F T .
. Dy er, 63
.
I 42 MAG I C A ND H U S BAN DRY
To- d ay
h d Id v my er ro e
I nt O L a dy g v
o ur s ro e,
I nt Ab a h a m g a d n;
o r s r e
B g d S t M a ti n
e oo ,
. r ,
T h i d a y m y a tt l w a d n
s c
e s r e ,
M y g d S t W l fg a ng g d S t P t
a oo . o , oo . e er
( Wh k y n h v n nl k )
ose e ca ea u oc ,
T h a t f w l f nd v ix n b l k
ro o o a e oc ,
B l d f m h dd i ng b n f m n h i ng !
oo ro s e , o e ro cru c
H lp m th h ly n
e e e o o e,
Wh ill h a th n v d n
o e er o e,
A nd h i V h ly w nd s o ou s
K p my h d f m a ll w d h nd
ee er ro oo -
ou s .
" I.
hawth o rn too was sacred to the fai ries and an a bla tio n
, , ,
t o the tail of the cow o r a hot coal run down the cow s
G im m 2 4
r , 1 0.
PRO TE CTING TH E H E R D S 1 43
thei r i n f
l uence must be ca re fully gua rded a g ai nst S ome .
A f a i w h i te ow ; r c
Sh g eE a t nd h g W t
oes s a s e oes es ,
A nd my n h av g n f l v f h ;
se ses e o e or o e o er
Sh g ew i th th n nd h f g t t b n
oes e su a e or e s o ur ,
A nd th m n t n h e f a w ith l v t h
oo ur s er ce o e o er,
My f a i w h i t cow f th m nt a i n
r e o e ou .
A n i nt L g nd f I l a nd L a dy \V i l d
c e e e s o 3 27
re72
"
, e, :0 ,
1 , I .
B iti h P p l a C t m
r s o u r us o s,
2 22 .
I 44 MA G IC A N D HUSBAN DRY
W i th th m i nd th w a t ;
e re a e s e
Th i b v d th m a n h a l l be
s o ser e , e es s
Of y r h ou a ll k n t f
o rses o - ree.
"
all my ha i r in knots is the exclamatio n of E dgar in , ,
King Lear an allusion to this then commonly accepte d
,
belief "
.
belief in Indi a that the hors e once had win gs and that th ey ,
diseases .
of a lion ; I X of an ox ; I X o fa hare ; I X of a fo x ; I X o f
. . . .
A t ii
c n 3
. sc
e e .
R l i g i n nd F l k L f N th n I nd i a W C k
- o re o
e o a o or er , . roo e,
I 46 MAG IC AN D HUSBAN DRY
Qu i c , u ic , u ic !
k q k q k
Bri nkg m il i nto the d u gs .
and other simi lar verses d esigned to protect the cows fro m ,
witch inuence .
thou gh some stables i t was said w ould not endure whi te, ,
Th G l d n B g h iii "
e o e ou ,
. :2 .
P p l
o S i n M nth ly l i v
u ar c e 9ce o , . 2 1 .
PROTE CTIN G THE HE RD S
person walks down the street wi th one foot shod and the
other one ba re all the cattle coming that way a re lia bl e to
,
must not be seethed i n its mother s milk else ina m
,
old belief of the Germ ans by sticking thi rty pins into the ,
whi le she was m ilking I was foolish enough sai d she .
, ,
to t ell her all a bout the cow how gentle she was how , ,
much mi lk she was giving and all that and she sai d I cer , ,
couldn t stand on her feet and there she lay in the s table
,
I "
Tl G ld n B gh
e o i 94 e ou ,
"
. 1 .
G imm 8 4
r ,
1 2 .
I 48 MAG I C A N D HUSBAN DRY
everythin g but he wondered I hadn t had better sense
,
.
all over with asa fetida saying words all the time And ,
.
the next day when mother Ei ler went to the ba rn the cow
stood on her four legs eating like a hound 25
.
with her shriveled face and nose and chin in close p rox ,
fore thei r cattle They sprin kled them with urine on the
.
leg o f the beast and rendering the animal more apt to sus
ta in the e ffort ma de by the rider when jumping upon the
sa ddle 28
In County Cork I reland rus ty tin dishes a re
.
, ,
S ca ta lo g ic R it J G B k
es ,
. . o u r e, 38 6 , n the a u th ori ty of a pe rsona l
o
l ette r f ro m Ca p t H n i J n f th
. e r ou a o e F re nc h navy w ho h a d it f rom P ri nce
,
of Joi nv i ll e , so n f k i ng L i
o o u s.
1 50 MAG I C AN D H USBAND RY
them and both cattle and grain are sprinkled with holy
,
t he cattle are retu rned to thei r winter qua rters .
a needle and thread a fter dark and sews the ski rts of her
dress to gether whi le tellin g her chi ld that she is sewin g up
the mouths and ea rs and eyes of the wolves so they ca n
not bite or hea r the sheep goats or pigs A method of
, , .
body du ring the ni ght singing and begging and they keep
, ,
3
s ng
f th R
o s o i a n P pl
e 3 39 S
u ss eo e,
20 .
PROTE C T I N G TH E HE R D S 1 5 :
s pect for the cow and loath in g for the pi g h ave b een
, ,
in Indi a .
'
Re ligion nd F lk Lore of Nort hern India 377 37 8
a o -
,
, .
P im i t i v C i v ili zat i n i 47 n n
r e o s,
. : , o e .
'
P apy f Sa yin
ru s gos (u p 3
-3 B .
O ldest Book in the 00 .
"
s
W ld Isa ac Mye 2 6 3
or ,
r, .
Two Ye a rs in the F n
re c hW es t In di es.
L a f ad i
c o Hu m 73
P i m i ti v
r e Fo lk
,
21 8 .
L v xx i i
e . . 22 .
x54 MAG I C A N D H USB A N D R Y
ing people looked upon thei r cattle as sacred and the rst ,
L egen I l a nd
d s o f re ,
L a dy W il d e: 3
R ligi n f I a l t
e o o sr e o the Exi l C a l B udd
e,
r e. 74
'
Ex d xxxi v 9
o u s, . 1
P R OT E C T IN G T HE H E R D S I 55
5
its nal fo rm ca nnot be ol der than the Exil e The .
exil e .
Frazer that the lamb was su bsti tuted for the rstborn
"
chi ld a fter the development of more humane sentime nt .
questi oned .
Th G l d n B h ii"
e o e ou g ,
.
49 .
1 5 6 M AG I C AN D HU S BAN D RY
and heated two i ron bars red hot then poured on them -
,
R l i gi n f Ba by l ni a nd A y i a M i J a t w 39 5
e o o o a ss r
, o rr s s ro , .
S i n M nth ly xl v ii i 7 3
Th P p l e o u ar c e ce o , . .
CHA PTE R I X
HEAL I NG
The min d d th h a p i t l f
o s e se to its ow n w a nts .
M
believe that i f a man falls ill the only way to cure him is
to drive away the evil spi rit that has entered into him to ,
or fou r times over the sick man s head and then over th e
,
Th H m i t
e er 2 4 s, 0 .
M
I n t h F b i dd n L a nd
e or A H n y Sa v a ge L a nd i 39 3
e .
. e r or.
1 58
HE AL I N G 1 59
the anim a l prevents its retu rnin g W hen the spi ri t i s made .
ites
When a destructive murrai n invaded the herds in the
rei gn of Emperor Charlema gne it was attributed to G ri
m o a ld the Duke of Benevento one of his enemies who
, , ,
was char ged with sending his emissa ries throughout the
land to distribute a ma g ic powder Large numbers O f .
The belief has been a most common one that the herd
might be saved b y the sacri ce o f one of thei r number and ,
went :
De p a rt from ou r v ill a ge .
F rom a b l f m th
the st t!e, ro e cou r
Th gh ro u v i ll a g g h l y V l a y
ou r e oes o s ,
W i t h i n n w i th t a p ce se, e r,
W i th b ni ng m b ur e e rs
'
Ex d ix 4 7
o us .
- .
H i t y f th
s or o e In u q i i ti
s o n
, H C . . Lea , iii .
i6 a M AG I C AN D H U S BAN D R Y
him with a red hot sickle and the murrain g oes with him
-
,
.
lost one threw the next that died into a pit and consumed
,
it with fagots a fter which all his cattle di d well
, Bu ry .
When m any cattle died in Scotland the rest were dri ven
past a tub of water containin g two enchanted stones and ,
Notes o nthe F lk L
o - f th
o re o e Nort h ernCou nties o f E ng l a nd , \Villia m
H nd n, 49 ; C a m p b ll o n th e S p i ri t Ba s i s o f Be lie f a nd
e erso :6 7 , 1 e s Notes
C u s to m , 352 .
B k oo of H b a nd y
us r ,
34 .
H E AL I N G 1 63
J n
ohne Bru g he in , In I reland
a speci es o f cater
pi lla r was re ga rded as inju riou s to the ca ttle and im a g es ,
di t ion that w hen the spi rit of the pla gue w i shes to lea v e
the loca lity som eone is noti ed i n a dream that they ma y ,
q
,
The D a rker Su perstitio n of Scot la nd 1 85 ,
.
or drank the water i n which one had been boi led t hey ,
Th ere e ery v
h d by d xp i n kn w er sa e e r e ce o s
H w w ing d w i th f a t th i
o lf h t a
w e e r e -s o rro s y,
Wh nth i k w h e mm
e s c f df g e e er s u e r- oo o re oes,
O t t h d n a t h th h a t m i t h i f
r s re c e o e r e e r -s e e rs lie
.
C d li ti P a t nd P nt 35
re u es s a rese ,
0.
P i nk t n V ya g ii i
er o
s o es,
.
1 66 M AG I C AN D H U S B AN D R Y
all the sheep were dea d but one they must ca rry the remain
in g one ro u nd the pen a nd then no more would di e bu t
that one .
Th e Spell alludes to th e
sheep 20
Herrick s poem
.
, ,
C as t in s a l t for se a soni ng ;
Set the b ru s h for s p ri nk l i ng ;
Sacred s pitt le bring ye hi ther ;
Mea l a nd it now mix together ;
A nd a li tt l e oil to e i ther ;
G iv th t p h th i li ght ;
e e a ers ere e r
Ri ng th Sa i nt b ll t a ff i gh t
e s
e o r
F f m h n th v i l p i t
ar ro e ce e e s r e .
head 21
. Ralston describes a R ussian ri te for preventin g
the murra in from enterin g a vi lla ge M en and cattle .
T t ni M yth l gy " 6 3
eu o c
o o , .
A nt i q i ti 7 3
u es,
2 .
Ta r ces f th E l d
o F a i th f I l and W G Wood M a rtin i
e er s o re
, . .
-
, .
33,
H EA L I N G 1 67
i s drawn three times around the village w hile all follow and
S ing .The malignant S pi rits are supposed not to be able
to cross the lines thus drawn and get at the cattle in the vi l
lage A young gi rl sometimes carries an image of St Vlas
. .
,
and g i rls i n thei r shi fts drag a plow to one of them ca rry ,
the older wom en in black petticoat s and di rty shi fts The .
the gi rls dance round it and the plow is drawn three times ,
S ng f th R i an 39 5 ; D m n l gy nd D v i ! Lo
o s o e u ss
s, M D e o o o a e re,
. .
C nw ay i 2 6 8
o , . .
1 68 M AG I C A N D HUSBAN DRY
of the re and ties the rest of the thread a round the tai l
,
w ith banda ges and splints and for nine days the bandaged ,
leg must not be touc hed a fter w hich the le g of the beast ,
w i ll be healed Why the treatm ent is not given di rectly
.
a s ef fec tual .
the driver did nothin g to the foot but too k the nai l and ,
Th e G ld
o B e n ou g h i ,
. 2 87 .
I i nd O i i
s s a s r s,
73 .
Th G l d n B
e o e ou g h i ,
"
.
59 , :42 .
1 7 o M AG I C AN D HUSBAN DRY
the swine trough that the animals mi ght eat over it and
-
W i th th bya f a b lte ; e s o o
F th h a ling f a l te or e e o co
No better thynge ca n be ;
F or L m a pa
nd fo r ottes s a B
ak
T e me S a ynt W ilfride s knottes,
And o S a ynt h ly
om s Lo ttes, Th a
On my Lyfe I w a rra nde ye
L0 h ere is a be lle h a ng p
to e u n your hogge,
o
A nd s av e you r c a tt ll f m th
e ro e bytinge of a d og ge
.
O n S t Stephen s day December 2 6 th it
.
, , wa s fo rmerly
held that it was g ood to bleed the horse .
F or t hi s p n th i d ay th y y d th d th m
be i ng d o e n u o s , e sa o o e goo d ,
An th m f m a ll m a l a d i th g h th
d k p ee es an
e d i kn ro es s c esse rou e yes t e .
F m a ni a p p or it d th th m m h g d ;
e u r ose o e uc oo
T h d a y f S t S t v n ld f a th
e odid . ee e , o ers u se,
If th a t d m i lik th m th od y h se s e ee, so e o er a c u .
G imm
'
r 8 ,
r2 0 .
Q t d by B a nd f m B a l I nte l d
'
uo e r ro es r u e.
B and 2 88 Dy C t m 49 G imm 6 60
r ,
. er s
us o s,
"
2 . r , .
H EAL I N G .7 1
S tephen s Day O n this day Finns throw a bi t o f si lver
.
S tephen s Day which consists i n whippin g one another s
,
uttering :
Krie b itters hes the tt bi
I n th e ru ng, the eye, the ha rt , t h at
s worst
Ot h e r th rie thy b it m n b
e a e
I n the n me a o f t h F a th
e e r, Son, a nd H olie
C d li ti
re P a t nd P nt 88
u es s a re se ,
1
m.
T h D a k" s persti tion f Scot l a nd 2 3
e r u s o ,
.
1 7 2 M AG I C A N D HU S B A N DRY
treatment the cu re was permanent .
past thei r b etter days still largely ex ists am ong enli g htened
people thou g h i t is true tha t in some countries from a ve ry
, ,
"
J n l fA m i nF lh L xi v 3o
ou r a o er ca o - ore, . .
P li ny x xii 5,
. 0.
1 74 M AG I C AN D HUSBANDRY
3
upon the alta r ; it sh all never go out A never ceasing .
Indians but the re passed i nto the trees and then only
, ,
'
Le v i ti vi 3
cu s, . 1 .
P a a ni a v iii 37
us s, . .
'
Ex i i i ; xix 8 ;
. . 2 . : Dent . iv . 2 4; I a i ah v i
s ,
.
4; Ez k i l i
e e .
4; Rev . i . :4.
FI RE S 1 75
de ssi l from the right hand which in the ancient lan
, ,
gua ge w a s called dess This rite sai d the author at.
, ,
that time had not b een in use for fo rty years thou g h it wa s ,
s u cces s ful
I
.
'
P i nk t n V ya g
er o
s o es,
iii . 61 3
.
N a ti v R a ces v 430
e
, . .
1 7 6 M AG I C AN D H U S B A ND RY
the C reek Indi ans a fter a th ree da ys fast all the res
, ,
the priest rubbed tog ether two dry sticks ti ll they i gnited ,
R l i g i n nd F l k L f N t h n I nd i a W C k
- "
e o a o o re o or er ,
. roo e. 37
An i nt L g nd f I l a nd L a dy W il d
c e e e s o re 3 ,
"
e, 1 0 ,
1 7 3 M AG I C AN D HUSBAN DRY
herb s into them It was believed bene ficial for men and
.
re s were lighted with bi rch for that was reputed a foi l for ,
day says he in the remoter parishes of Munster and
,
5
( June 2 d
3 ) in each of which
, a bone is bu rnt A cere .
F i re sym boli zed the wa rmth and heat of the sun needed
for the growth of the crop The herdsmen ma ke torches .
an d cattle pens The ocks are led over the res whi le
.
B iti h
r s C u stom s , 39 5
.
"
J n
ou r a l 0 / xl m erira n F olk-L ore, iii . :8 .
S ong s o f t he R i a n P pl
u ss eo e,
2 5 0.
F I RE S 1 79
and li g htni ng .
Under Pope Z acha ry A O 7 42 were prohibited those , . .
,
G i mm
r not
, !
B a nd 7
r , : 3 .
C l ti c F l k L
e o -
o re, \Ve lsh a nd M a nx "
. R hY'v i 309
'
1 80 MAG I C A N D HUSB A N DRY
The ceremony was termed bu rning the w itch In some .
Teu to i Myt h l
nc o ogy,
1 82 MAGI C AN D HUSBAN DRY
wicker giants o fthe Dru ids so serpents were bu rne din hol ,
Th G l d n B gh iii
e o e ou ,
.
A n i nt L gend f I l a nd " 3
c e e s o re
,
FI RES 1 83
q
.
was tu rned from east to w est in the di recti onof the mov e .
thei r hea rths from the magical ames and all pa rtook o f ,
the Yule block in its rst use may have been only a
counterpart o f the M idsummer res made within doors ,
because o f the cold weather at the winter solstice In .
Th n d th th j yf l ] f a t f J h n th Ba p ti t ta k h i t n
e o e o u e s o o e s e s u r e,
Wh n b n g a t wi th l fti a m in v y t w n d b
e o ers re , o e e, e er o e oe ur e n ;
A nd y ng m n
ou nd a b t w i th m id
e d
rou d n in v y ou a es, oe au oe e er s t reete,
W i th g a l a nd w ght f M th w t
r s l w i th Ve v in
rou o o er or ,
or e se r a e s w eete,
T t ni M yt h l
eu o c o ogy,
"
6 08 .
A nti q i ti 49
u es ,
2 .
G i mm 7
r 36
, 02 ,
1 2 ,
note .
1 86 MAGI C AN D HU S B AN D R Y
that the addi tional wei ght o f the o ffering changed its bal
ance and the vict im rolled o ff into the e ry fu rn ace
below Hebrews were forbi dden to carry thei r children
.
throu g h the re 30
The prohibition was accompanied
.
the hands o f the Assyri ans the chi ldren of Isra el secr etly
lea gued with the gods of the forei gn powers and caused
thei r sons and daughters to pass through the re So .
D eu txv i ii
. . to .
2 K i ng xv ii s . 17 ; xx i . 6 ; 2 C h ro n. xxxii i . 6 ; J e re m i a h v ii .
31 ; xix
.
5;
R l i g i n f th
e o o e S mit
e es ,
352 , 388 .
F I RE S 1 87
ta tion s re w as k indled
,
.
"
nati o n o f the w a ters by the t h un der ca us in g vi tal bea t I
.
Sym pm iae iv s,
"
. a.
1 88 MAG I C AN D HUSBAN DRY
escaped from his hands and set a re the elds which were ,
the Fasti and that o f the Hebrew Samson s three hundred
foxes tied ta il to ta il with reb ra nds between which ,
destroyed the corn and vineya rds o f the Philistines The .
bo liz ed the li ght and wa rmth desi red and needed to perfe ct
the crop .
thi rty a t ria were sac riced at the feast of Tellus Thei r .
F a ti i v 6 87
s ,
. .
J d g xv
u es .
L g nd f S m n in G ld ih
e e o H b w Myth l KY- 39 3
a
n so o z
er s e re O O
R m a n F ti v l 7 6
o es a s,
"
.
CHAPTE R X I
P RO C E SS I O N S AND L ITA N I E S
Wh a t me ns, ah i d v il p
I s a y, t s e
s rocessio n,
W i th m n f th d x p f i n?
e o or o o ro ess o
Ti
'
th n
s e i nd id l atc a o rou s
F m h a th ni m d i v d t
ro e e s er e o
an d wi de .
Count ry Pa rs on published in 1 6 5 2 it is sai d the, ,
T he H b a nd m n a b t th i
us n d id
e ou e r co r e oe r e,
W i th m a ny C Ba nn nd S i J h n th i p i t b i d
ros ses, e rs, a r o e r r es es e:
Wh in a b g a b t h i n k d th b a th b l
o a ou dB d s ec e o e re e es se re a e,
A nd ft ntym b d w n lig h t
o e nd G p l l w d d t h
e e o ad a es, a os e o e o re e .
Th i ly k p th m f m wi nd nd a i n nd f m th b l a t
s s u re ee es e co e ro e, a r e, a ro e s ,
S h f a yth th P p h a th ta g h t nd y t th P a pi t h l d it f a t
uc e o e u , a e e s es o s .
H di b a
u r s .
B nd 6 4
ra , 1 .
1 9 0
PROCE SS ION S AN D LI TAN IE S :9 :
h
t rou g h the streets were d evices for brin g ing to nau g ht the
powers of the a i r Rai n and storms i t was th ou ght
.
, ,
'
X I I I reads :
. I a p ri es t of Christ
, do com
m a nd ye m os t foul spi rits who do sti r u p these clou ds
,
3
soe v er is for human use Accordin g to medieva l belie f
.
th e wild and unti ll ed pla ces were t he proper habi tati ons of
e vil spi ri ts and demons Other cerem onies to accompan y
.
throwninto th e am es .
t hey repea ted li tanies and imp l ored God to avert f rom
.
"
W a f r f Scien w i th Th l gy ii 34
r a e o ce eo o ,
"
. 0.
1 9 2 MA G I C AN D HUSBAN D RY
T b nd
o ou f v y ld
es o nd
e er nd a b t th i n i g h b
e , l a nd
a ro u ou e r e or s
e:
A nd th y g
as th y
e i ng nd p ay t v y i nt a b
o e s a r o e er sa ou e ,
B t t
u L ad i
o ou r p i a ll y w h m m t f a ll th y l
e s ec , o os o e ou e.
Wh n t h y t t h t w n
e as e o m th C h
e oh th y nt ine a re co e, e u rc e e er ,
A nd l k w h a t a i nt th a t h
oo e h d th g id th y h m b ly p ay t h im
s c u rc o u e, e u r o ,
Th a t h p e v b th m nd f i t f m t m nd t m p t g a t
rese r e o co e a ru s ro s or e a e es re
A nd th m d f nd f m h a m
e e e nd nd th m t
ro f d i nkr nd m a t
e, a se e s o re o r s a e .
Wh ere ( t h g h th ou ou see s t no t ) h
t ou m ay
st t h i nk p u o n
Me , w h n th y ly
e ou ere go s t
-
p roces s o i n.
B i ti h P p l a C t m T F T DY"
r s o u r us o s,
. o
, 3
1 94 MA G I C AND HU S BAN D R Y
April 2 5th the day of the old Roman Robi gali a on whi ch
, ,
N l H i y x viii
a t u ra s to r ,
"
. 2 .
P R OCE SS ION S AN D L ITANI E S :9 5
to the shepherds and ocks I t is perhaps to this festi .
ice fol l owing o n foot and hors e b ack Cha ri ots followed .
,
cha ri ots .
to the temple w here Old w omen in w ait ing cut its throat
,
Rom a nF ti v a l es s,
1 36 .
G g i i 34
eor cs , . 0.
Pa ti i v 39 3
s ,
. .
1 9 6 MAGI C AN D HUSBAN DRY
the year when the festival took place from the implement ,
former name of the now sacred mou nta in had been one o f ,
D
1 a to
i pti n f G
esc r 35o o reece,
.
R m a n F ti va l
o 46 es s,
"
3
:9 8 MA G I C AN D H U S BAN DR Y
the ima ge into pi eces comm itting the fra gm ents to the ,
a i nt
A nd the New Y e r o th v i ll a g
e e.
D a S p i ng w b i d y
e r r , e ou wl m e co e,
G ng a w b i d y
ree r ss, e ou w l m
e co e.
W l m d a S mmer
e co e e r u ,
G n litt l c n
ree e or .
ments of the e ffigy and those who secure them car ry them
home and tie them to the trees in thei r g ardens or bu ry
them in thei r elds to make the crops g row bet ter o r a ,
t a t io n
. Westphalians have an annual ceremony o f
expellin g evi l by driving out the butter y on S t Peter s .
T h G l d n B gh
as "
e o II 84
e ou , . .
R m an F ti va l 43
o es s,
"
P ROCE$ I ONS AN D LITAN I ES 1 99
si ckn es s and other mis fort unes .
god w ere placed all ri pe fruits that the tall trees branches
bear and the de l icate ga rdens a rrayed in bas kets of si l
, ,
ver wi th golden vessels of incense and dainty ca k es
fashi oned b y t h e w omen m inglin g b losso ms mani fold
with th e w hite w h eaten ou r al l th at is wroug h t of hon ey ,
blance of th in g s th at y and of thi ngs th a t creep In .
Th G l d n B gh iii 9
e o e n teou ,
. 2 , o .
E ki l v iii 3
"
oe e . .
z oo M AG I C AN D H USBAN D RY
tear for each blood drop o f Adonis and tea rs and bloo d
-
,
forth the ros e the tears the windower
, .
lind says : I was never s o berhymed since Pythago ra s
time that I was an Irish rat and Shylock :
, ,
Wh a t i f h b t b l d with a t
my ou se e rou e ra ,
A nd I b pl a d t g i v t n th
e e se a nd d ca t o e e ou s u s
T h a v it b a n d ?
o e e
Th a t p w i m y
cree or s or o r ru n
.
W h i p f th R m a n F a nk G a ng
o rs o e 8 o s,
r r er, 2 2 .
A Y s Lik Itouii i ; M ch a nt f V ni
e
. iv . 3 er o e ce.
. 1
202 MAG I C AN D H U S BA N D RY
s aint s tomb is still a prominent featu re of the ceremony .
a ll probabi li ty says Profess or Evans i t is a surviva l of
, ,
answer to the riddle the res t cried aloud M ake our rice ,
25
grow .
1 "
A t i l inP p l S i n M nthly v l xl vi ii 84
r c e o u ar c e ce o , o . . .
T h G l d n B gh iii 6 9 n t
e o e ou , .
,
o e.
PROCE SS ION S AN D LITAN IE S 2 03
a skeleton frame before the cow w ith the des i red effect
2'
color had been used The sham cal f was made of wick er
, .
san g :
Oh my h i f ! Oh m y gent l h i f !
, e er , e e er
My h i f f ll f h a t g n
e er nd k i nd
so u o e r , e e rou s a ,
I nth na m f th H i gh K i ng t a k t thy ca l f
e e o e , e o .
A nd I f mi n w n b l v d
or n nd the o e o e so u er e sea .
A Ca rm icha el as follows :
.
'
P nd P m H i t i F i nn J h n A b r mby ii
re a ro - s or c s
, o e cro , .
'
P ink t n V ya g iii 6 4
er o
'
s o es,
. 2 .
2 04 MA G I C AN D H U S BAN D R Y
I pl ace th i fl k b f e m s oc e or e,
A tw a d d by th K i ng of the w orl d
s s o r e re e ,
M a y V i gi n t k p th m t
r r o ee e , o w a i t them, to w a tch them,
Onb n ng l n n p l a i n
e ,
o e , o ,
On ben n g l n on p l a in
,
o e ,
.
S ince th t th m m a de t th ch a m
ou o e s e r ,
To k ep th em f m t ayi ng t
e a ve them f m h a m
ro s r , o s ro r .
F m k f m n w w a th f m treams
ro roc s, ro s o - re s, ro s ,
F m ro k d w ay f m d t ti v ts
croo e s, ro es ru c e ,
F m th a w f the f a i y w m n
ro e rro s o r o e ,
F m th h t f nvy f m th y f ev il
ro e ur o e ,
ro e e e o ,
F m th h t f nvy f m th ye f v il
ro e ur o e , ro e e o e .
M a y m th t nd th th ff p i ng ll l
r ,
o er,
,
e ou e o s r a
B i d g t f th wh i t p a l m ! h i l d th u my fl ck !
r e o e e s s e o o s
C l mb a b l v d ! th a int f b t v i t
o u , e o e ou s o es r u es,
the powe rs that were cha stiz ing them was the problem ,
bi ographies o f Romulus and Julius C e sar is mos t ,
The place for the me eting o f the celebrants o f the rite was
at the spot where tradi t ion sai d the twin children had been
deposited by the T i ber at the ca ve Lupercal a name for , ,
them selves with the skins of the slau g htered goats and , ,
who o ered them sel ves or thei r hands T hat the striking .
in icted the pow ers of natu re were quic k ened and th e hos
ti l e o r hinderin g spi rits causin g steri lity we re put to ig h t .
the blood o f a sacriced g oat was pou red over i t and each ,
oR man Fe ti v al no nt 7
s s,
"
, o e .
Te t nic Myth l gy 7 a
u o o o ,
.
2 08 MAG IC AN D HUSBAN DRY
M aypole says Pro fes sor F ra zer is supposed to p oss es s
, ,
3
simi la r powers over both women and cattle .
O b an h ; a h p
r r h ahdc th i
e c o rc , e c oor, e re s,
A n k a ta b na l i
ar , er ce s,
M a d p f w h i t th n n at ly i nte w v
e u o e or e r o e .
T h G l d n B gh
e o i 93
e ou ,
. : .
R m a n F t i va l 6 7
o es s,
.
T h G l d n B gh
e o ei ou ,
. 2 1 2 .
A nna l i i 49
s,
. .
2 1 0 MA G I C AN D HU S BAN DRY
over w ith owers and hea rbes bounde rounde aboute with ,
st rin g es f ro
, m the top to the bottome and s o m et ym e ,
B a nd 9
r ,
:2 .
MA KING T HE H E R D S P ROL I F l C 2 1 1
ions, w i th the help of salva g es A goodly pine t ree .
in g his New England Canaan .
lodge decora ted with wi llow boughs .
of t he hazel :
I f h ph d t ll n t e th y w a nd h a h p we r
s e er s e o ru ,
t o ,
W i th g a i i n n t a v t th h a rm
r c ou s ue ce, o er e
O f mi n o ou s
i . 1 58 .
A e ld,
"
L H . . B a il y q
e , uot ing f rom the
Tk
o e n .
2 I 2 MAGI C A N D HU S BAN DRY
old write rs speak of its remedial prope rties and it was one ,
mortality 19
I t was s acred to Fri g a the Sca ndi na v i a n
.
,
Venu s .
walked to the shrine with a hand on the white bu ll .
V i g il G gi
r
s eor cs,
ii .
39 6 .
"
J n l / Am i
ou r a 0 er ca x
n F o k L ore,
l - .
35.
S t l gi Ri t Ca pt J G B k
ca a o c es, . . . ou r e, :0 8 .
"
J n l fA m i
ou r a o er ca n F lk L x o - ore, .
355 .
2 1 4 M A G I C A N D HU S BAN DRY
less and desi rous of retu rn ing to his own count ry , and asks
for permission to depa rt at the same time reminding his ,
father inlaw how greatly the ocks and herds have pros
- -
his departure .
What shall I g i v e th ee he a sks to rem a i n? , ,
I f thou wilt do this responds Jacob thou shalt not
, ,
and spotted cattle and all the brown cattle a mong the
,
sheep and the spo tted and speck led am ong the goats
,
portion of the ocks and herds therea fter for his con ,
stronger cattle did co nceive that Jacob laid the rods be fore ,
the eyes of the cattle in the gutters that they might con ,
ceive among the rods But when the c a ttle were feeble
.
,
MA KI N G TH E HE R D S PROLI F I C 2 1 5
stronge r Jacob s
.
ta rch
,
s
in the generative inuence o f moonlight and that ,
the god Apis the animated image o f Osi ris was conceived
, ,
sembled the appea ra nce o f the moon and his fest ival was ,
nect ion o f the story with the phi losophical theory that
hum idity is t he s ou rce o f all thi ngs and moisture the ,
Isi nd O i i xli ii
s a s r s,
.
I i nd O i i xxxv i ;
s s a s r s,
S m y b l i a l L a ng a g
o c u e of Ancient A rt a nd
Myth l gy R P K ni gh t s
o o ,
. .
,
r r .
2 1 6 MAG I C A N D HUSBAN DRY
ou t ow in of Osi ris 27
g .
were four repetitions o f the rite the first day eight the ,
with which they were robed with horns and hoo fs and ,
'7
I i nd O i i xxx v i
s s a s r s,
.
S
ee J n l fA m i nF lk L x i v 59
ou r a o er ca o - ore, . .
M a nn nd C t m f th N th Am i a n I ndi a n i
e rs a us o s o e or er c s,
. : 64.
2 1 8 MAG I C A N D HUSBAN DRY
ri g hteous shall ourish like the pal m tree s ays the ,
Psalmist 34
I t ouri s h ed in dry and ba rren la nds
.
ones .
pal m in his hand and his priests wore th ornin thei r sandals .
L v xx iii 4 ; xx v i 9
"
e . . o .
,
2 1 ,
22 .
P l m x ii
sa s c . 1 2.
An i nt P g n nd M d n C h i ti a n Sym b l i m 6 9 ; O dy y
c e a a a o er rs o s ,
sse ,
vi. 6 ;
1 Symb l i a l L ng a g f Anci nt A t nd M yth l gy
2 o c a u e o e r a o o ,
"
M AKING THE HE R D S PROLI FI C 2 1 9
37
e ect w hich th ey d ramatically s et forth Modications .
There is sca rcely roo m fo r doubt says Pro fessor M or ,
ris Jastrow that in the sto ry and ritual o f the resu rrec
,
T he G l d n B gh i
o e ou
"
,
. 227 .
T he S t dy f R li g i n
u o e o s,
"
2 64 .
2 2o MAGI C A N D HUSBAN DRY
tains all thi ngs in itsel f E ros the god of love was sai d .
, ,
held by prominent wri ters that the palm tree was a phallic
emblem and t h at th e M aypole was a su rvival of p hallic
,
wo rsh ip 4o
Phallic images of Osi ris were ca rried in p ro
.
centu ry .
K ni g h t
s A n i nt A t nd M th l gy
c e r a y o o ,
1 3
.
Mid . 1 2 ; A n i nt P g n nd M d
c e a a a o er n Ch i ti a n Sym b li m
rs o s ,
69 ;
Re gli i o na nd L t D J mus \V i
,
"
86 r
. a es e r, .
2 2 2 MAGI C A N D HUSBAN D R Y
the summit of the temple by the priests and sacri ficed the ,
of the winds the symbol o f the four points of heaven
, .
traced It is menti oned by both Vi rgil and Pli ny
.
,
though the latter expla ins that the foals of mares so fecu n
dated do not liv e above th ree yea rs Vi rgi l places the .
headlong over the rocks and cli s towa rd the qua rter ,
and bane ful cha rms Pliny appa rently gives credence .
a i Ra
N t ve ii 3 9 ; m 46 9 $9
ce s,
. 2 . 0
My h f th N w \V l d
t s o e e or
"
.
G gi
eo r iii 7 ; N a t a l H i t y v i ii
cs,
. 2 o ur s or ,
"
. 67 .
M A KI N G T H E H E R D S P R O L I F I C 2 2 3
"
vented cow s f rom ru nn in g a w ay Give us plen ty of .
8
cattle , ex claims th e Hottentot as he tosses a stone upon ,
imp robable t hat the savage could give any clea r idea o f
his rea son for doin g it but by con formi ty to the custom he ,
his myt h ical lo re has al ready died and been res u rre c ted
,
a t a l H i t y x 87
N ur s or
. .
q
,
T t ni Myt h l g
eu o c 8 o o ,
"
1 08 .
T h G l d n B gh
e o ii
e ou .
"
. a, i ng f r m S ir Ja m
u ot o es E A lexa nd r
. e s
Ex p diti n f D i v y int I nt i f Af i a
"
e o o sco e r o t he e r or o rc .
2 2 4 MAGI C A N D H U S BAN D R Y
9
carria ge I t is referred to by Pennant a nd others
. .
Whether this custom was a relic of the old R oman festi val
or not a kinship is sug gested T he thread has taken the
, .
place of the goat thongs and its color symboli zes the blood
,
S ee M di in
e c e men of the Apa h J G B k
c e,
. . ou r e, i h A nn a l
N nt u
Rp
e o rt o f th B e
.a u re u of Am er ci a n E th n l gy 57 8 57 9
o o , , .
2 2 6 MAGI C A N D HU S BAN DRY
trans form ation was the suggesting cause which led m any
to believe the change ac tually took place in thei r own per
sons Some have traced i t to the Pythagorean doctrine o f
.
transmigration ,
Th a t l so u s o f a nim a l i nf
s u se t h em se lv es
I nt th t
o e ru ns k of m en .
metempsychosis and points out its consistency wi th the
,
5
theo ry that a man s soul may go out o f his body and into
onwa rd .
P i m i ti v C l
r 5 e u t u re.
"
O l d t B k in th W l d 1 My
"
es oo s 54 e or . e rv 2 '
P U N I S HM ENT OF A N I MA LS 2 2 7
E v il th y th y
a re v ile , e a re e ,
S v n e th y th y
e e ar ev n e v n nd a ga i n v n e th y
, e a re s
e , se e , a se e ar e .
into the food and drin k of men and beasts in this way ,
acqui rin g possessi on and control of them and thei r acti ons .
F it v es se l tt
, es t imp of fa dr u , wh m
in o
F rom s ha p r est s i gh t ,
R li g i n f Baby l ni a
e o o o a nd A y i a M Ja t
ss r ,
. s ro w ,
not w ith i nd nt d w av e e e,
C i rcu l a r b a se o f ri s i ng f l d th at t w d
o s, o e re
F ld v f ld a
o o er o , g i ng m a z
su r e.
p let e There
. is little i f any doubt that the sto ry cam e to , ,
and old at the time i t was adopted into the sacred records
of Israel A simi lar Persian legend is told of Ahri m an
.
,
the evil spi rit who trans formed himsel f into a se rpent by
,
C k whi h I d l a
gg oc s e s, c ec re,
I n my p ini n m ak in o o see s
gg l a i d by a m a
T o e s re .
It was held by the prosecution in this case that the pun ish
ment of animals for wron g doin g found au thori ty in the
le g islative code of the ancient Hebrews I f an ox gore .
cubits in lengt h
1 3
.
o f gold To punish the E gyptians for thei r obstinacy
.
,
C d li ti P a t nd P nt 46 2 ; Na t a l H i t y Lor nd
re u es s a rese
, ur s or e a
L g nd
e e 36 , 2 .
n
Exodu s xxi . 2 8 .
Pl ta h S l n
u rc ,
o o .
J h a vii 4
os u . 2 .
P U N ISHM ENT O F AN I M ALS 2 31
t h un derb o l ts T he goat selected by lot was burdened
.
ove r the kin g s h ead till it runs down over his body and
,
"
u sed as h is mou th piece to comm u nica te w ith Ba ls a m ,
'
Exodu s xii 2 9 ; Pa in lxxviii 47 ; Lev xvi 4
. . . . 1
Th G l den B g h iii 4
"
e o ou ,
. : .
h a p x ; G imm 6 6 3; t Sa mu l v i
c . r . e . 8 ; Num bers xxii . 2 8.
2 32 M AG I C AN D HU S BAN D RY
omen were forced into the service of the church This was .
tried in the common criminal cou rts and deat h was the
punishment on conviction Wi ld animals of noxious c h a r .
acter were brought b e fore the ecclesi astical cou rts where ,
it was held that the church had full power and aut hori ty
to exorcise anathematise and excommun icate all an im ate
, ,
A ni m a l Sy mb l i m
o s
,
1 79 .
E v l ti na l E th i
o u o cs a nd A ni m a l Py h l
s c o ogy,
1 3
.
2 34 M AGI C A N D HUSBAN DRY
cockcha fers infesting it they were cited before the Bis hop s ,
who had then been dead six months was assi gned to the m ,
the diocese 2 1
'
Fo r a ccou nt of t hi nd nu m e rou s
s a ot h er tr ial s, see
C d li ti
re u es P a st
a nd P rese nt,
by i Villia m ones, c J h a p v ii
. .
P UN ISHM EN T OF AN IM A LS 2 35
l a wyer w as assi gned to defend them but the sui t was dis ,
yea rs later the insects retu rned a ga in and the p roce edin gs
were ren ew ed A jud ge w as named to try them and an
.
~
t he inhabitan ts on con
, diti on of ri g ht of wa y t h rou gh i t ,
frequ ently the subj ects of these legal p roces ses the ch ron ,
to 1 6 6 7 .
o f thei r mother and the lack of p roof that the y had eaten
,
was dismissed .
2 38 M AG I C AND HU S BAN D RY
thei r distres s they set apart a day for fas tin g and p rayer
to deprecate the calamity that might bring them to fast
in g through famine The mo rning of t h i s da y showed
.
no si gns of rain but before night the sky was ove rcast
,
rain unaccompanied with such tempest and thund er as
they were accustomed to have with the ra in t hat followed
a fter thei r powwowing for it Then the lea rned and .
I n the cha rge of this chief was placed the wild rice t o ,
for the ha rvest came says the legend he called his peopl e
, ,
M gn li
a a C tt n M a th i 54
a,
o o e r,
HA RVE STI N G 2 39
i
N neteent h A nn a l Ethnol u ogic al R p e ort, 42 3, 1 09 1 . 1 09 3.
Geo g Ca l in i
'
r e t 89
, . 1 .
2 40 MAGI C AN D HU S BAN D R Y
and all the men drew blood Wit h kn iv es o f int from thei r
ton gues and genital organs let it drip upon t he sheaves o f ,
and named for the god For months his every wish w a s .
T h G l d nB g h ii 340
e o e ou ,
. .
2 42 MAGI C A N D HUSBAN DRY
rst frui ts are beli eved to have been established among the
E gypti ans more t ha n two thousand yea rs be fore the Chris
ti an E ra and to have been associ ated with ha rvest
,
P i i v Ci v ili za ti
rim t e o ns,
E J S im x ii
. . co ,
.
455 ; Ri t
es o f t he Inca s,
52 .
I dy l v ii .
1 1
H is to ry of E gy p t P t i i
,
"
e r e, . 1 4; R li gi
e o no f t h e An i
c e nt E gypt i a n
s,
W i d m a nn
e e , 1 2 7 .
HARVE ST I N G 1 43
have wor ked the elds for th ee I have lled the wells .
I n the Chinese boo k of rites t h e L i C hi one of th e , ,
from the earliest material from which the book in its later
form wa s com pi led whic h g ives a descri pti on o f a g rea t
,
'
made to the legenda ry inventors of the dill erent g ra ins and
a rts o f h usbandry a sort of ha r v est festiva l in whic h
,
proper retu rns were made to the anci ent w i se men under
whom they were blessed Beas ts and bi rds were repre .
they d estroyed the rats a nd the m ice w hich inju red the
frui ts of the elds and the ti ge rs were li kewise remem
,
M r Le g ge sa ys :
. T hose g rea t sea sonal occasi ons have
a l wa ys been what we mi g ht ca ll grand fam i l y reuni ons ,
w h ere the dead and the li ving meet eating and d ri nkin g ,
P im i t i v Ci vi li z ati n
"
r e i 33 o s, . : .
Mid i 48 f ing t L i Ch i i n
. . : , re e rr o . t . .
M AG I C AN D HUSBAN DRY
Ex u be ra nt ya ! is th e e r
Of m i ll t nd i e w h at t !
a r ce s ore
A nd th n l ft h i g h
e co r ll d o s a re e
For b w i ng w t d i nk nd t
re s ee r s a s ro ng,
For o ing t er i s o ou r s res
A nd g a nd a m
r g n b f es o e e o re,
A nd f a ll a h i t q i
or e c r e re u res.
the hea rth used to bake the bread and honor was done to
, ,
the ass that turned the mi llstone 3 Behold says th e
T he S h i Ki ng Wi ll i a m J
,
e nni ngs , iv ii
. .
4; iv iv
. .
4; The R e l igiou s
f C h i na J am L gg
o , es e e,
2 46 MAGI C AN D HUSBAN D RY
ian fields for the Wood woman the Scotchman left a few -
,
stalks for the aul man though it was more comm only
,
We i v it t th Old W
g e o e om a n;
Sh h a ll k p it
e s ee .
N xt y a m y h b t
e e r a s e e o us
the last shea f was bound a live cock might be let l oos e in,
Th G l d n B g h ii 2 36 note
e o e ou , .
, .
HAR VEST I N G 2 47
h e ei th er di es or is k i l l ed " .
i
The poet H err ck sin gs of t h e Hoc ca rt or H a rv est
k-
,
H ome
Some b l e e the C a rt ; me kis e the shea v ;
ss so s es
o S m p ank th m p w ith a k n l a v ;
e r e u o e e es
H oa cky is b rou gh t
H m w ith h ll w in
o e a o ,
B y w i th pl m a k
o s u -c e
Th C a t f ll w i ng
e r o o .
B a nd
r
s A nti q i ti
u es,
I bid 30 2 , 30 3
. .
B u t ye, O s h a d w nd p t a l a p
o s a s ec r re ers,
See t t ye ha m i ng l n t w i t h
e o u s.
Tw o Y e a amrs ng the
o Sa v a g es o f New G in a W
u e
, . D . P i tca i rn, 6 6 .
HARVE STING 2 5 I
upon the rice during the reaping neithe r must thei r hai r ,
to make the husked rice white and smooth and others will ,
clap thei r hands and they push each hand up the sleeve
,
Pa
e ce w i th y
be ou , P ph t T ap
ro e
, in wh ose c ha rge is a h
t he e rt ,
C n m t h i my
o r s chi ld .
D it n h a m
o o r or sc a th e,
B t
u m v it f
re o e ar f mdmn ro e o s a nd d v il
e s.
ing the rice husk s thinner They repeat cha rms b e fore .
rice soul
- 20
.
M a l ay M. gic ,
"
w . \V. Sk a t
e , 22 5
-2
49 '
2 5 2 M AGI C AN D HU S BAN D R Y
F R U I T-GROWI N C
We now here a rt do so tr u m i ph a nt see ,
As wh e n it gr a ft s or b du s the tree .
To its b l t ta te
es s o f Pa ad i r b f se e o re .
He d a v a g h a wth n t a h
oes the s e or e c
T h o th m dla
ea r nd th p a ;
e e r a e e r
H b i d th
e ti pl m t a
s e ru s c u o re r
A n b l t nk nd b a p a h
o e ru , a e e c .
E v n D a ph n
e yn h d m ock
e s co ess e oes ,
A nd w d th h yt h t k
e s e c err o e r s oc ,
Th gh h f d A p ll
ou s e itre u se o
o s su ,
E v n h th a t h a t nd v i gi n t
e s e, c s e a r ree,
N w w nd
o t h o lf t ers a erse o see
Th a t h a m th m a d nd bl h
s
e s o er e, a us es in her f it
ru .
r .
2 55
2 5 6 MAGI C AND HU S BAN DRY
pou red its blood upon the s oil Thence shall i t come
.
,
s aid he that those who tas te the ju ice o f the grap e shall
,
b e stron g and coura geous as the lion He then sle w a .
pi g pou rin g its blood upon the earth too that those w ho
, , ,
L g nd
e ef th P a t i a h
s o e rnd P p h t
rc S Ba i ng G l d
s a roh a p vi
e s,
. r - ou ,
c . x .
2 5 8 MAGI C AN D HUSBAN DRY
and sow thist les and fool s parsley g rew whe re finest la w n
A nd cree p i ng th i ng th a t n in h d g b tt m
s ru e e o o s,
G d L a dy d li v
oo ,
e er u s .
men s bones and makes them cripples and the plantai nth a t
,
Ph i l R b i n n in C nt mp y Kw i m 89 3
'
o so ,
o e ora r a , 1 .
FRUIT G ROWI N G -
2 59
some dead shrews and bats and set some wands of bay ,
ready for use against the alders and some old broom
, ,
a
Ea ch d id l a e n d noti ons g iVCp
r e
F az
r P a ani a ix 9 5 ; N a t a l H i t y v ii 3; xvii 47 ;
er s
'
us s,
. : , ur s or
, . a .
R m a n F t i v a l :4 2 9
o es s,
,
.
Ca nt o ra a .
2 60 MAG I C AN D HU S BAN DRY
tive and ,
80 l a h i l nd d i v i n
c e r t e r co o r a e,
T he v y h a d th y a t d i d th
er s e e c s o er lg i ht s ou ts h in e.
No a ppl w l d I ga th f m th t
es ou er ro e ree,
Till th h a d t l d th i h k d l ici
ou s coo e e r c ee s e ou s l y .
"
T he l i
u sc ou s c u ste rs l of a v in e
Up n m y m ou th do cru s
o h th i w ine ; e r
I nto my h a nd s themse es lv d a h o re c .
A ll p a by t t a t th i
s se rs - l i wi n o s e e r u sc ou s e,
A nd did th m l v int th i h a nd in li ne
e se es o e r s c ,
A f
s l y ff i ng t b g a th d )
ree o
er o e e re
F a ie er ii m 54 : o "
2 62 MAG I C AN D H U S B A N D RY
R m a n F ti v a l 9 6 9 6 ; Fa ti iii 7 6 7 ; Georgia
o es s,
, 2 s
, .
. ii 339
R li g i n f th S m i t
e o o nt ; e Anna l f Te es ,
o e
! 0 E
"
N N i 61 ;
P im i tiv C l t
r ii 2 4; T t nic Myth l gy 7 37 W
e u u re,
. 2
eu o o o ,
. :
FR U IT - G R OWIN G 2 63
to the t ree and secure a plenti ful cr0 p the ensuing yea r .
night and no one mus t app roach them w ith his hat o n .
A w m an a p a ni l
o , s e ,
a nd a wa ln t t u ree ,
The m y w h ip o re ou th e m th b tt
,
th y
e e er e
G l d n B gh i 7 6 ; V d i I nd i a 389 ; J h n M d
Th e o e ou
, . r
e c
.
o u r och . in
N i nth Ann a l R p t f t h B
u a f A m i a n E th n l gy 435
e or o e u re u o er c o o ,
.
T t ni My t h l gy
u
eu o 6 7
c o o ,
1 2 ,
Q ted f m E ng l i h F l k L by Th i tl t n Dy -
uo ro s o o re , s e o er .
2 66 MAG I C A N D HU S BAN D RY
toast :
H e re s
h
to t ee , old a ppl e tree,
Wh e nce h
t ou m ay
st bu d a nd w hence th m ay ou
'
st blow !
A nd w h n th m ay t e ce ou
s b a a ppl n w l
e r es e o
H a t f ll ! C a p f ll !
s u s u
A nd my p k t f ll t l oc e s u , oo H uzza l
W ll t b a p k t f ll
e o e r, oc e - u s, h a t- f lla s,
P k f ll b h l b g f ll l
ec - u s, us e - a - u s
Y ou m a ny a pl m nd m a ny a p a ; u ,
a e re
F or m l f i t th y w ill b ing
o re o r es s ru s e ,
r ,
As y oud g i v th m w a a il i ng
o e e ss .
A nt i q i ti
u 6 es,
r .
F R UI T G R O WI NG - 2 67
A pp l nd pe a rs wi th ri gh t good corn,
es a
Cm
o e in plen ty t o e ve ry o ne:
G i ve ea rt h to dri nk a nd s he ll not f a il
'
Dye fs B i ti h
r s Po p lau r C u stom s,
C H A PTE R X V I
B E ES
A t evenni g w h i l h i w i f put n h l k
, e s e o er oo
O f l v ndu a n f m it ni h h t k
o
e s e r ce, ro s c e e oo
T h w i tt n p a g
e r ef h i p nd u b k
es o s o ero s oo ,
A nd ad in h a l f th l a ng a g f m n
re , e u es o a ,
Hi sR u a A pi um w h i h w i th b b gan
sc ,
c ees e ,
A nd th u g h th gamu t f at i n n
ro e o cre o ra .
B ides e, w ho d th n t oin da i ly p acti ce
o see r
A rt ca nb g t b
e h n t b tl w a p
e ees, or e s, ee es, s s,
Ou t o f th a a
e c nd du ng f
rc s ses a tu ;
a o cre res
Whitti er a
Pennylv a ni a P il g im
s r .
2 68
2 70 MA G I C AN D H U S B A N D RY
m a in in a c a r dr aw n by s h es a nd a t ea m of tw f o oted o -
J ud g xiv
es .
T h S a ll d B g ni
e -
o c e u o a of th e An i nt nd it l a ti
c e s, a s re o n to E rist a l ic
T na x a T w W i ng d I n
e ,
o - e sect,
by C R O t n Sa k n 89 3
. . s e c e ,
1 .
B EE S 2 7 1
an d na ll y ch a n ge into a s w a rm of i es w hi c h i n t he i r , ,
s ha pe , h a i ry cl ot hing a nd co l or l oo k ex a ct ly l i ke bees
, , ,
b ew i l derin g s o l it ar
y a nd in nite
,
" 3
.
'
T a nl a ti n
r s o o f Al f d Su t p 3
re ro, . 20 .
'
B k i 33
oo . .
2 74 MA G I C AN D H U S B AN D R Y
Pala ce the s i xteenth century En g l i sh poe t H e rric k men
,
"
tion s those mit es of c a ndied dew in moon y ni g hts .
,
1
rst in wa rm sti ll mornin g s B ut alas remo rs e l ess .
,
tr a n sp a rent u id 1 2
.
iv . N at a l H i t y
1 ;
ur s or ,
xi . :2 ;
N a tu a l H ist y
r or of
S lbe n
o r e,
L
ette r l iv
x t D a i n Ba i ngt
. o es rr o n .
I nsect Li fe,
J hn H n y C m t k
o e r o s oc , :7 7 ; C h amb e rs
E ncycloped ia ,
Aph i d es .
B EE S 2 75
su ffered ne a r t he h ome o f t h e be es bu t t h a t a p a l m or g re a t
,
G i l bert Wh i t e t h ou g h t th e w i l d a n d fa nc i fu l a sser
ti on o f the p oe t t h a t ec hoe s w ere h a rm fu l t o b ees w ou l d
not be a dmitted by the phi l os ophers of his d ay b ec a us e ,
"
bees ingo od summers says he t h r i ve w ell in m y out l et
, , , ,
"
Georg ics ,
tv.
2 7 6 M AG I C AN D H U S B AN D R Y
s a ti s fy in g m ys e l f th a t m y a n t s b ee s o r w as p s he a rd a n y
, ,
"
o f the s ound s w ith w hich I t rie d t h em an d i f t h e y a re no t ,
2 33 3 3; M n t a i gn E ays xii
, 0 o es ss , .
2 7 8 M AG I C AN D H U S B A N D RY
out .
20
I n R u ss i a every mi ll on a st re a m is suppos ed to be
,
T u t ni Myt h l gy 9 5 n t
e o c o o
, 0 ,
o e .
Th G ld n B ugh iii 46
e o e o ,
.
, 2 56 .
L g nd f I l and
e e s o 3 re
, 2 1 .
B EE S 2 79
w i t h a gre a t p a unch a n d bl o a t e d fa ce a n d n a k e d T h e , .
rs t sw a rm o f the y e a r b e l ongs to hi m I t is w e i g h t e d .
t he hi ve on S t Z os im a s D ay a n d un
. g a t mi dni gh t int o , ,
is th ou g ht a re driv en into the e l ds to g ra ze a t nig h t
, .
pu ri er I t is the a l i men t o f t h ei r g od s I n B en g al th e
. .
B ra hm a n b ride ha s pa rt o f h er b od y a nointed w it h it A .
'
Hi t
yos or f Eg ypt W M F P t ri i 2 3; Notes onthe
,
. . . a c, .
Spirit B as i s
an
d ca rri ed po ison in t he i r clut ches w ings a nd mou th , , .
g o d s o f a b un d a nce t o ea c h o f w
, h om dis h es a dorn ed w ith
gu res of h oney w e re p resented T he other fes ti va l wa s
.
'
Th D a k
e Su p t it i n f S t l and 56 3
r er e rs o s o co
, .
"
Na t ive B a a s, ii 6 9 9 , 7 0 1
. .
2 82 MA G I C AN D H U S B A N D R Y
k ind a nd the w itch w i ll then peri sh w ith them ; set the hen
,
a hen h a tch cock s or hen s t a k e the str aw for her nes t from ,
b e tter 5
.
T ut ni Myth l gy 7 7 8
e o c o o ,
1 -1 834
.
Th G l den B u gh ii 9 6
e o o ,
. .
FOWL S 2 83
I t is sa id th a t i t wa s once a W els h cu st om t o t h ra sh
s u ch h en s a s re fu se d t o l ay be fore S hrove T ues da y w it h a
e g gs 7
M a gie f th H m Sh
o e 33 oe,
"
0 .
F nda ti n R it
ou o 66 es,
.
2 84 M AG I C AN D H U S B AN D RY
is sa i d to h a ve l a id a n e gg in w hich t he gu re of a c o met
wa s di s tinct ly t r a ced I t wa s c a rried t o b e view ed by th e
.
I t is t o l d by S ue t oniu s t h a t L ivi a w i fe of A u gu s tu s ,
1 8 31 in H on e s Ye a r B oo k th a t the Norfol k h o u s e
,
,
a n y d ay of the w ee k 9
.
l
u v f th Cc o Ti b i u xiv
e s a rs,
er s, .
C du li ti Pa t nd P nt 455 46 9
re es s a rese .
"
'
2 86 MA G I C AN D H US B A N D R Y
t h a t t hose w ho ba t hed them s e l ves in t hi s w ere s a f e f ro m
h a rm by l ion or p a nther T he b roth of a coc k h a s a l so .
t he ba s i l i sk 1 2
T he cour a g e w ith w hich the co c k w a s
.
de a t h wa s not f a r di s t a nt 1 3
.
N a tu a l H i t y L
r nd Leg nds or 54 re fe i ng
o re t o N a t r l
a e ,
1 ,
rr
u a
M ag i by J h n Bap ti t P ta 6 58
c,
o s or ,
1 .
N atu a l H i t y xxi 4; C l t i F l k L
r s or
, W l h nd M a nx
x . 2
e c o - o re, e s a ,
J h n Rhy ii 59 9 ; A n E h f th O l d nT i m f m th N t h f Scot
o s, . c o o e e e ro e or o
la nd R v Wa l t
, e G g.
34 er re o r, r .
FO WLS 2 87
Some a v g a i nt th at a n c me
sa y th t e e r
s se so o s
Whe in Savi re bi th i l b at d
ou r o ur s
r s ce e r e ,
The b i d f da w ni ng i ng th a ll ni g h t l ng
r o s e o :
And th n th y y e n p i i t
, da r t ie ab ad ; sa ,
o s r es s r ro
N fa i y t ke n w i t h h a th p w
o r a t ha m
s, or c o er o c r ,
S h a l l w d nd a i u i h
o og t a so r co s s e
dina via n Edd a co ll ect e d in t h e e l even t h cen tu ry I t is
, .
When a bl ack hen over a miser ies
S n aft th a t the m i d ie
oo er ser s.
A w i t c h s l a dd er is m a d e of a stri n g t i ed inknots w i th th e
'
t .
'
Credu l it ie Pa t
s s a nd P re se t , n "
40 4.
2 88 MA G I C A N D H U S B A N D R Y
found in t h e b e l fry o f a c hu rc h i n En g la nd in 1 8 8 6 An .
I t al i a n w om a n re la ted to Le la nd a n incident o f t h e be
w itchin g of a chi l d in Fl orence b y p la cin g one in t h e b ed
w here t he chi l d s l ep t A s t he knots w ere t ied fe a the rs
.
t a k in g p la ce or ba thed in ho ly wa ter G yp s ie s in H un
, .
1 "
g a ry cure cert a in di s e a s es by ru bb in g the b ody of a bla ck
hen over a p a tient w hi l e utterin g a n inc a nt a tion .
1 8
up .
T he Ba tt a s of S um a tr a thin k t he s ou l of a l i v in g m a n
m ay b e t r a n s ferred by evi l spi rit s to a fowl w hen t h e doc ,
E t a nR ma nR ma i n 353 354
ru sc o e s,
,
G i mm r48 5 ,
1 0 1 0, 1 .
Egy mi n M a tt i f
" "
E A 3 d
a "OM e. 1 00 : m oth s rom B l' h '
b u gh F l k L
o ro , nd C u t m
o f N t h R i d i ng
-
o re a s o s o or .
2 9 0 M AG I C AN D H U S B AND RY
ca t ed by s ic k pe rs on s in C e yl on t o a m al i gn a n t di v i n i t y ,
of t h e demon s w h en a st orm ra g ed u p on th e h ei g h ts o f t he
A t la s 1 9
.
T h G l d nB u gh i 7 5 ; i ii 3 3; B a nd 7 Pa i a
e o e o , ;
. 2 a n . 1 , 1 0 r , 00 us s,
i i xxxv ; C du li ti 4 8
. re es ,
0 .
Anti qu i ti 3 4 es ,
2 .
FO W LS 2 9 1
its u se in thi s connect ion is ass oci a ted w ith the idea th a t
th e crow in g o f th e cock pu ts to i g h t the e vil forces in the
a i r w hich w ere be l ieve d to b e th e a u thors of the storm
an d h ail a nd th u nder a n d l i g h tning T he im a ge of tha t .
M a rs t on s verse s ays :
Li k e Sc t h Ba na le nw a b lock
you r oc r c , o ,
I n th icy i l a nd g l i ng h t h d f t
s s, os s a c o rees ,
Wh f itfu l l a v fa ll i ng i nt th w a t
ose ru e es, o e e r,
Are t nd t i kn w n t li v ing f w l
ur
,
s o ,
o o s soo n a fter .
f S i n w i th T h l gy i 37 ; T a m f C h a in
n
T h Wa f a e r re o c e ce eo o
, . r 0 "
ti n 43; B a n
o ,
d 7 7 9 ; C du l iti 7 9
r , re es,
1 .
2 94 I N DE X
A turc ru s, 1 30
A rgeos, q u ti es o n of P l uta rch b
a ou t,
68
A ris tz u s, s ai d to h ave bred bee s
f m x n 27ro o e , 0
A i t t l th u gh t mice gen ra t d
rs o e, o e e
by li k i ng 2 2 3 c ,
A k r f J hv h d ra w n by w
o whtite a e ,
w 3
co s, 2 1
A n l d M atth w qu ted 1
r o ,
e , o ,
A yan hymn 89
r ,
A n i n D ay p ambu l ati n n
sce s o , er o s o ,
9 ;
1 G o 1pe l re d
ad t p
p ing
g n s a s rt s o ,
1 92
Ash t rees, p we fu l a ga int w itches
o r s ,
343
A s h u rb a na b a l, 1 2 8
A ss, k u ll f u d to protect f om
s o , se r
th i v 84; bu i d a li v t b
e es, b ingg re e o rt
ra i n ; mu,t i l a tedd
1 1 0 in l eg a l p n u
is hment, 2 34
A a f t i da u d a g ai nt wit h a ft
s e , se s c cr ,
47 ; t f i l vi l p i i t
1 o 9 o e s r s, 1 1
A ta t 33
s r e, 1
A t l gy f me ly e ga d d as a
s ro o ,
or r r r e
in
sc e ce, 6 1 2
A t ni ae nam f Hu n f
s c, e o ro s or
m n oo , 1 2 1
u 99
se s,
Ath ni an the a r d p l w i ng
s, ree s c e o s
b v d by 38 ; p aye f f
o ser e ,
r r o , or
ain 9
r , 2
Au t a l i an th ow and in th i
s r s r s e a r
t h a t n th n
o ;
s e th e su , 1 00 u se e
am w d f nd w d 7 4
s e or or re a oo ,
1
Avi n t i a l f a h g in 34
,
r o o , 2
Ax t u p by th E th ni a n t di
, se e s o s o
t th
rec w ind 5 e , 1 1
A zt d u gh i ma ges ub ti t t d
ecs , o s s u e
f m n by 7 ;
or e imila w d , 0 u se s r or s
f m n nd w a t
or oo ; uhd a er, 1 2 1 cr s e
a imina l t ha v t f t iv a ls
cr a r es es ,
I N DE X 2 95
ed ge f 7 6 ; m n f 7 7 ; o ,
2 o e s o , 2 B obow iss i, A f i a n d ity 7 ; l d rc e ,
1 or
mu t b t l d f d a th in th
s e o o e e f th u nd
o 9 ; a i t
e r, 9 1 0 s cr ces o, 1 0
fam ily 7 7 ; h i v bu nt in b n
,
2 es r o B bi a ult d g d 6
o c , c u re o ,
res , 2 7 8 B n bu nt in
o es n S t J hn
r res o . o
s
B tl
ee es, l ga l p
e rocee d i ng a ga i n t s s , N i ght 7 8 ,
1
2 34 B no i g i na lly b n
res , or 78 ; o e- res, 1
B ll
e h u ng n n k f w t
s, o ec s o co s o li gh t d w i th b i h a f i l f
e rc ,
o or
p t t f
ro ec m w i t h 52 ro c es , 1 v il p i i t 7 8 ; a tici a l gi a nt
e s r s, 1 r s
B ng a l
e a i n h a m in
,
r c r ,
1 1 1 bu n d in 8 r e , 1 2
B e recinth f tiv a l f 2 9 a, es o , B k f th D ad 5
oo o e e , 1 1
B na d J an Fr d i 2 82
er r , e e e r c, B th f t i v a l f a urviva l of
oo s, es o , s
B i b l G n i 5 2 3 2 2 8 ; Exe
e: e es s, , 1 , t w hi p 8
ree- o rs , 21
2 0 5, 2 30 ; Levi t i u c s, 2 9 , 6 4, 1 52 , 1 71
1 7 4, 2 1 8, 2 31 , 2 45 ; N umbe rs, 8 5, B ou gonia , G reek name for b ees su p
2 7 ; I Samu l 84 2 3 ; 1 1 Sam
0 e , , 1 Buk o r e: 1 0 11 G" 39 1 37 s 6 51 87 1
ue l 7 . 77 s ; I K i ng
t. 33 . u s. . 1 1 2 ,
1 48, 2 1 2, 21 7, 22 3
1 1 2 86 ; I I K i n
, 1 g 29 8 6 ; II s, ,
1 B y w h i pp d t b u nda ies 9 2
o s, e a o r , 1
Ch ni l 86 ; P a l m 2 8 3 ;
ro c es, 1 s s, 1 , 2 1 B ah ma n b i d an i nt d w ith
r r e o e
I a i a h 32 7 4; J mi a h 9
s , , 1 ere , 2 , h ny 7 9
o e , 2
8 6 ; Ez k i l 99 ; H a B and J h n Anti q u i ti i t d 43
1 74 e e , 1 ,
1 ose , r s, o ,
es, c e , ,
82 ; J l 32 ; M i a h
oe 32 , 55 ; c , , 1 6 4. 8 8. 8 9 . 9 4. 1 2 6. 1 30 . 1 39 . :6 1 .
R v l a ti n 7 4; P ly h m di
e e o , 1 o c ro e e 1 84
ti n J
o ,h ua ; E eki l 2 9
os , 1 00 z e , 1 B a in i nu
r , n
e ce o f m oo n u pon, 1 2 9
B il t hi d i ty
u sc 2, e , 1 1 B ad f i t
re ru ,
or i gi n of, 8
Bi n 2
o , 00 B i nt n D
r o ,
. G .
, 6, 2 1 , 84, 1 09 , 1 1 7,
B i h b u g h f bu nt n St
rc , o s o , r o . 33s ' 7 8! 32 2 1 2 41
J hn N i ght 7 8 ; t a i a t d
o
s , 1 ree ssoc e B roo e, k J am ma gi a l p we
S ir es, c o r
w i th th th und g d 3; w i th e e r- o ,
2 1 a tt i bu t d t by na ti v 58
r e o, es ,
M ay D ay nd Ea t ce e a s er r B th f k p rv f m w i l d
ro o coc ,
rese es ro
m ni 2 3
o es , 1 b a t 2 86
e s s,
B la k h p u d a ain ha m
c , s ee ,
se as r c r B w n S i Th ma 8 5 9 5
ro e, r o s, ,
in P u 6 ;
er t in Suma t a
, 1 0 ca r ,
B w ni ng R b t cited 2 00
ro ,
o er , ,
1 0 6 ; h n bu i d a l iv t e h a ng
,
re e o c e B u R b t 64
r ce , o er , 1
th w i nd 6 ; t bu i d a li v
e , 1 1 ca , re e Budd C a l i t d 54
e, r , c e ,
1
t
o h al h d 6e er , 1 0 Budd h a f it a ibed to hi g d
. ru s scr s oo
B l az i ng w h l l l d t make un ee , ro e o s ness. 5
s h i n 8 3; t K nz 83
e, 1 a o , 1 Bud g E A e, . . W .
, 2, 76, 99, 2 88
B l ing a ni ma l igi n f 2 32
es s s, or o , B u a lo, i d in I nd i a 2 5
s acr ce ,
B l ind d g bu i d u nd o ,
t ab l e re er s Bu k w ina c p u d f a i n
o , or se se or r
d ma k h d f til nd p e
oo r, es er s er e a r h a m in 7
c r 1 1
v nt w f m t ayi ng 3
e s co s ro s r , 22 Bu ll bu n d a l iv t
, p l a gu
r e e o cu re e,
2 9 6 IN DE X
:6 5 ;k pt f use f p a iish in e or o r i
Eng l a nd 2 7 , 1
Bu i a l a p i m i tive m a n f p o
r ,
r e s o r
tect i n f m th o d ad 7 ; cu ro e e ,
: , s
tom 8 s, :
Bu ma p l w i ng nd w ing in
r , o a so ,
fa ting b v d in 6
s o ser e , :
Bu ning w h l in I l f M u ll
r , ee s,
'
s e o
S t J hnw t
. 85 ; f
o f x t fea t s or , : o a s
f Cer 87 ; O v i d acc u nt f
o es, : s o o ,
:88
Bu rto ns
Ana t my o of M l a n h ly
e c o ,
c tei d , :0 2
Bu y r St E dmu nd h i n
. s, s r e of, via
ited by ba en w m n 2 rr o e ,
132
Bu i is s r , :1 3
ma g i 5 ; p te t d f m ate
c, 0 ro c e ro c r
p ill a 84 rs,
Ca a xp ed to m nli ght b f e
c o, e os oo e or
p l a nting 32 , :
C a li f ni a Ind i a n f 8
or ,
s o , 1 0
C anaa ni t a i d t t e 2 6 3 es, s cr ce o r es ,
C amb di a xpu l i n f v il p i it
o , e s o o e s r s
in 9 ; p ay
,
:2 ad v p r ers re o er cro
in, 2 52
C am pb ll J M it d 6 2 7 9
e , . .
,
c e ,
: , 2
C a nd ll Al ph n d
o 57 e, o se e, 2 ,
C a yi ng t d ath c m ny
rr ou e , ere o of,
1 98
C a th a g i ni a n li v p n u
r s, e e rso s s s
p nd d f m t
e e by 2 6 2 ro ree s ,
C t u d
a , a in h a m 6
se as r c r , :0
C at h pi ta l f in E gypt 7 2 ;
s, os s o r, , :
bu n d a li v M i d umm Ev t
r e e s er e a
Pa i 8 r s, 1 2
C a t rpill a
e R ma n m th d f rs , o e o s o
p t ti ng f m 8 3; k pt f m
ro ec ro , e ro
abba g by p i
c f i n 84;
es ece o co ,
kn w n o w it h lv 3s ; as c es
e es, i
ire M
h am I s
d
h
Ba t h , of
l lw
~ su ggestio ns b y , o f o ri
q q
gin of sa yi ng o f S t . Sw i t h i n , 1 98
a
Ea rt h u kes . more fre ue nt at f llu
Digby S i K n lm i d 2 3
,
r e e . c te , Ea st er eggs or ig i n of, 220 ; n co
Di ny i u 6 9
o s s, nected w i th cerem onies of fec u n
D i ny
o s u s,
Di a
se nt
se, se 59 ; as 1
t an f
r d t f w l in New
s e rre o o s
G u i n a 89 e , 2
Di t
s a f b i dd n t b w h i led
,
or e o e r
a l ng th h i gh w ay in a nci nt
o e s e
I ta ly 5 ,
2
D i v i na ti n by Kh a w a 48 ; by
o ,
r rs,
e gg 8
s.3; b y2 ck 2 87 co .
D iv i ni ng d 3 ro , 2 1
D g u d in a i n h a m by Ai n
o ,
se r c r u,
n ; bu i d i n i d t ab l d r t
o re s e s e oo o
p m t n p ti n 3
ro o e co ce o , 22
D m ld
o a S w d i h k i ng acriced
e, e s , s
to Od i n 7 ,
2
D y 1 Ow n i t d 7
orse ,
. e , c e ,
I N DE X 2 99
u se d amu l t 8 3; in d iv i na
as e s, 2 d ivr e n into a ni ma l 58 ; s, : com
ti n o 8 3; m n f 84
, 2 o e s o , 2 m a nded to di p by G
s erse reg o y
E gg h ll d t y d t p v nt
s e s, es ro e o re e 1 9!
ma g i 2 83; u d t t a np t
c, se o r s or Evreu s , i ua l f i t d 36
rt o , c e , 2
w it h 83
c es , 2 Ex cre m nt bu i d by I a li t
e s re sr e es to
Egypti a n a li t p a i nti ng f ;
s, e r es s o ,
r p re v nt w it h a ft 9
e c cr ,
2
a g i l tu f ; p l w f 32 ;
r cu re o ,
2 o s o ,
s w in d iv n v e w n l d by
r e o e r so e s ,
6 ; f mu l a
0 tor m k u nh ine s o a e s s , F
98 ; a n g i v n by p i t f
re so s e r es s o ,
f or j t i ng w i n 9 ; b li f
re ec s e, 1 2 e e F a scinu m, w h ip
ors of, p h ib i t d
ro e ,
of in g n a ti ve i nu nce
, f e er e o 2 20
m nli gh t
oo 5; pu ni h d by , 2 1 s e F ti v a l
es of , St . J hn b
o , o se r e v d in
m i ti ng th i a tt l
s 3 ; t e r c e, 2 0 rs M i dd l e Ag es, :7 8 ; of C e re s,
f uit u d
r s ing by
se 4 as o er s , 2 2
E l aza
e v il p i i t d a w n f m
r, e s r r ro F ew kes, J Wa l t. er, c te i d , 73
n t ilos r f d m ni a s by 2 7
o e o c ,
2 Fij i nt g l n in
s e a ; ev i l
e su ree d s, t oo
E l f h t w u nd mad by
s o s, d o s e , cu re s p i i t xp ll d by 9
r s e e e ,
1 2
by p ay 64 r e rs , : F i ng w m h a m a g a i nt 84
er or , c r s ,
Elf t n u d s o h a rm 64;
es, se as c s, r F inn h a l lf h t w u nd by
s e e s o o s
w a p n f fa i i
e o 64s o r es, r p ay
r 64
e rs , :
E li ja h nt t f w i th th p ph ts
, co es o , e ro e Fire, ig i n f 7 3; u nl u ky t
or o ,
1 c o
E lli A B 7 2
s, . 2 53 .
, 1 , 2 , u s, p t t f m
ro ec s li p nd h l
ro ec ses a c o
E lli \Villi m 8 49
s, a , , 2 e ra , :7 7
E lw thy or Ev il Ey i t d 8 5
s e, c e ,
F i b a nd ti d t ta il f f x by
re r s e o s o o es
E p il pt i t t a nf d t f w l
e c s r s e rre o o s Sam n 88 so , :
in Wa l 89 es, 2 Fi y ti k w a v d in S tl a nd t
er s c e co o
E k i m h i nk a i n i u i n f
s o t r s r e o p t t
ro ec n 7 7 ; p l w d a w n in
cor ,
r o r
d i ty n ; m k i ma g
e , i f a e es o F a n ni a t S h v ti d
r co 79 ; a ro e e, :
w h a l t ma k th m p l nty 64
es o e e e , 2 i l mad by I i h t g a d
c rc e e r s o u r
E i R ing w i th n h a nt d p
r c, , e c e ca c h il d n 8 5
re , :
c ah ng d th w i nd n 6 e e , Fi t f i t ff d by Egyt i n in
rs ru s o ere a s
E th ni a n w i ng t m f 5 ;
s o s, so cu s o o , 0 a nti qu i ty 4 ; t a pp a d,
2 2 o e se e
p f
ra y e r a i n 9 3; p nt t or r , se r e se c a
e se d an t 43; in th I l
ces ors , 2 e s
u p by t b ing w i nd 5 ; bu y
, o r ,
:1 r a nd f T a nna 6 4
o ,
2
o n f th h d t
e o u mu a i n e er o c re rr , F l m n B i a li
a a a i d l amb t s s cr ce o
:6 : J u pi t ert b gi nni ng af g ap e o r e
Ev a n E P " 9 46 56 3
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2 2 h a v t 44
r es ,
2
Ev il Ey gua d d a g a i nt in I
e, r e s re F l ax w i ng in Th u i ng i a 5 ;
so r , 0
l a nd 37 ; b w i t h m il k 39 ;
, e c es , [ na k d p a a nt g i l d n
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p t ti ng f m 47
ro ec ro , : in th S l ld
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aa e co r , see
Ev il p i i t d i v n f m l ud by
s r s r e ro c o s t ili z d by t u h
s er e f m nt o c o e s ru
s h ti ng 3; xp u l i n f 9 ;
oo , :0 e s o o , :2 ou s w m n 59 o e ,
Foa ls inferior in tin w a ne of ti n
m oon, : 30
ma g i a l i t c r es, 2 87 ; to cu re ep il
ept ic ts , 2 89
F ow le r, W Wa dlea . r , w
53 , m
7 8 , laogn
: 39 , 2 88, 2 62
F ox bu rned at f a t f C e 88
e s o e r s, :
F a gm
r e nts of cro p l ft f pi it e or s r
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3 $
F ra nku m
'
s N i gh t , cr tic i al time for
fr i t 57
u , 2
F a t A lb i
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s o of St . Pat
i k P ga t y 2 6 x
rc s ur or ,
F az J G s 2 2 3
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s . . 2 . 2 5. so. 43.
s t . 54 6 0 . 7 3. 7 9 .
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' 47 . 340
Far ze r s,
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J . G .
, Pau ani s a s, cited,
2 59 . 273
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o so er s,
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1 1 e o o e
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: 0
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6 3; li ba ti n t
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Fu n
r es s W IL H m Lif
, .
,
o e e of Bor
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e i ted - ers, c , 7 2 , 2 53
30 2 I N DE X
of re, : 7 4; g d wa h d W
o w ith
s s e i
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o e , 2
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es, c e , r
d t i n f tw p i n i p l
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2
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oc -
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o e a tt dd by m m dd i ii n
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'
c e
m n t e n p l a nt i ng 6 5
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,
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e
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,
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2 :
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6 2 8 , , H , 2 1
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o e , sco er o ,
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t rees , n ff i ng t J a nu a o er o s,
27 3; p w v o p i i t
er 79 ; o er s r s, 2
H indu g d w a h d w i th 7 9 ; o s s e ,
2
d pp d in th m u th f n w
ro e e o o e
b n hi ld n 7 9
or c re ,
2
H n y d w a n i nt b l i f f 7 4;
o e - e , c e e e o , 2
I
sou f it
rce 74
o ,
2
H n y u k l b u gh
o e s c e, f p t t I ma ge f m n ub tit t d f m n
o s o , ro ec o a s s u e or a
f m w it h
ro 39 ; p v
c es ,nt in I nd i a 6 9 ; r f d gh d by re e s ,
o ou u se
w i t h a ft 7 9
c cr , 2 A ztec 7 ; f St Pan s, c o . c ra ce
H pi
o ,
n nd u
co r ub ti tu t d f
a t o h i l d t li fe 2 34
r s s e or re s o res c o ,
ch il d n am ng 7 ; p ay
re f
o In a ha v t it f 2 4
, 0 r ers o , c s, r es r es o , :
f or ra in 7 ,
:0 I nd i a a i n h a m in 6 0 9 ; , r c r , 20 , 2
H a q u t d 53
or ce, o e ,
h p i nk l d w ith b l d i n
, 1 2 : orses s r e oo ,
H orse, h ad f th w n in Mid m
e o ,
p t ti n f m vi l y i n
ro su ro ec o ro e e e ,
m
er 85 ; P i n
res , i 5 ; t t i ng u g
e rs aa a n in s
53 s a cr 1 0 cu s r c e , 2
ee t M i tho 85 ; t u p I nd i a n f N i a a gua t n a l t
ra s , se s o c r ea o s or
a g a i nt w i t h 8 5 ; mad l m
s c es , p pp t p l ant i ng 6 ; f C li e a e e er a , 1 o a
by ti k i ng n il in f t p i nt x4x ;
s c a f ni th i n k w l d a g l be f
oo r s, or a or o o
S i A nth ny H b t
r o it d n 7 4; g
e r er n n d an c f e o ,
re, : ree cor ce o
14 5 ; bu i d u nd th
re h l d f C h k er 3 9 ; n w n f
res ti v l o o ero ee, 2 e cor es a
t bl
s a t e v th h d x6 ;
o sa fC e k 24 e er , 2 o ree , 0
h l d by ng
ea e so I ng ath i ng f a t am ng H i nd
, 2 00 er e s o us,
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ra c ,
or 8 53 o ,
o e 1 1 , 2
G k ree 96 s, r I ni h g l b l a k h n bu n d a liv s o ra , c e r e e
H o rses o f th N l g nd f
e s ea , in t h a ng w i nd 6
o rse e e s o , , o c e , :1
36 I nma n Th ma it d 2 ,
o s, c e , 2 0
H o rse s h p t t
oe bu tt f m I nn nt D ay t e b at n n t o
ro ec s er ro oce s
, re s e e o ,
w it h 43 c es , 1 ma k f t il 57 e er e, 2
I N DE X 0
3 3
T i ni ty
of r ,
2 34 f d t -2 45
ere o,
I nv k i th i ng
er e , ph a ll ic cere m o ny J am VI
es nd mn R g i na l d
.
, co e s e
in, 2 20 S t b k 37
co
s oo , 1
Ioni a ns fest iv a l o f 7 0 ; ra i n ch a rm
, , J a i ll Ru i a n P i a p u 2
r o, ss r s, 2 0
: 34 J a v a ing in t p i it f i
, o er s , o s r o r ce
I ra ni a ns , 1 2 2 ld 58 ; ce m n
e , y in to b i ng re o ,
r
I i h th u gh t h tr e p we f l
rs o as e o r u f a i w a th
r e er, :0 2
a ga i nt w i t h x4 ; u e f i k
s c es , 2 c r or s c J nk Al b t E i ted 33
e s, er .
, c , :
b a t 6 3; mad i l f
e s s, 1 e c rc es o re J nni ng W illi am t anl a ti n f
e s, ,
r s o o
t p t t f m v il 8 5 ; jum p
o ro ec ro e , 1 Sh i K i ng 4 47 , ,
th u gh e w ith th i ch i l d n
ro r e r re , Jo b l
, gend f
e 7 o , 2 !
: 86 J h n n Samu l 2 9
o so , e , :
I ron p jud i a ga i nt 3 ;
, re f ce s , 2 u se o J n W illi am 48 8 6 3 64;
o es, , , o, : , 2
in p l w i ng f ll ww dd bby bad
o o o e se a qu t i ng f m B iti h A ppoll
o ro r s o,
n in P l a nd 33; t u d in
so s o ,
rs se 2 9 ; t ial
2 f a ni ma lr 2 34 84
s o s, , 2
th l a nd 33
e , 2 68
I qu i
ro n l gend
o s, d f 74 cor -
e s
a o , J seph u i t d 2 2 8
o s, c e ,
I l a nd f N i a w a nd i ng p i it
s o s, er s r s J udah h il d n f sac iced
, c re o , r so s n
in p v i d d f by
,
ro w i ng a pe e or so s in re , :86
i l l d 2 45
c a e , J uda gu s, re of,
bu n in
r t b n o re s,
I l
s e f L wi o Ha ll w ti d u t m
e s, o - e c s o r8 1
in 8 9 ; , n ld b l d in 9 4co r e s es se , 1 J u ni p bu nt b f
e r, a tt l by r e o re c e
I l
s e f M n o a i d u nd a ,
res c rr e ro H i gh l a nd 48 ers , :
attl in 7 7 ; p ambu l a ti n in
c e , 1 er o s , Jun o s
a ll ged i nt vi w w i the er e
1 94 Fl a 9 or , 20
Isle M u ll a tt l h a l d in by
of , c e e e , J u pi t a i t f a i n
e r, s cr ces o, or r ,
bu ni ng w h l 83
r ee , : p ay r f R ma n w m n t
ers o 5 o o e o, :0
I i th d i v y f w h a t nd
s s, e sco er o e a
ba l y d i t d t 5 ; n at d
re cre e o, co secr e
K
a ph a lli i ma ge f O i i 2 2 0 c o s r s,
I a li t
sr e 9 8 5 x7 4es , 2 , ,
I v a n vk a d
o g h t in ca ed by
,
rou ,
us
ui id
s 8c e, 2 1
I t
z a ca cee nt t l g dd f w h i te
eo ,
o ess o
ma i z t w h m l pe w r
e, o o e rs e e
a i d
s cr ce , 2 1
J
J ac b o
'
s se r vi ce Laban
to ,
J a hv h e , 5; se nd h a il
s , :02 ; a co n
3 4
0 I N DE X
K a t J hn qu t d 32
e s, o , o e , 1r
K li
e nky ba tt l
cra f 4
f , e o , 1
2 0
K nya u t m f 7 2
e s, c s o o ,
Kh a w a r a th g dd pm piti
rs , e r o es s ro
a ted by 57 ; t an f,
f dd isease off ra s er
'
ca tt l t e f w l 89 o o s, 2
K h nd b l i f f x9
o s, e e o , 2
Kh u f u, i gn f re o , 2
K i d mu t n t b seethed in m the
s o e o
rs
m il k 47 , 2
Ki l da in 7 7 re, res , 1
K i l k nny
e 77 res, 2
K i ng h a w i th d iti
s s re p ni e es res o s
b ility f w a th or 4; Dp u ni h d e er, :1 u s e
f or fa il u f Pp 4 re o cro 3
s.
, 1:
1
King l y Ch a l qu t d 58
s e , r es, o e ,
r
2
K i ng l y M a y H i t d 8
s e ,
r .
, c e ,
2
Ki hm y
rc P pii hh K
e er s Kinggddom
o s ,
c e i t d 84 , :
Kni gh t R P ited 2 5 2 8 2 2 0
,
. .
, c , ! ,
2 ,
Kn tt d th ad u d t h a l
o e re s se o e
b a t 68
e s s, r
K d g dd
o , o ess, 2 1 2
K l da n to ti mu l a t th a th
o s ce s e e e r ,
83
K n M i d umm f tiv a l
o z, s er es a t, :82
Ku nb i cu t m f 44
s, s o o , 1
L a leen, p i t f A lf 75
r es o oo rs ,
Lamb bu i d t av th k 6 a re o s e e oc , t
L nd A H
a or, i t d 58 . . c e ,
:
La ng And w i t d 54; n x
, re , c e ,
o e
cesses t w i ng ti m 6
a so e, :
La p l a nd cu t m in t av t w i t h
, s o , o er c
cra ft 87 ; w i z d ti u p th
, ar s e e
w i nd 5 , :1
La t h a f in th f m f a c ck
s s e e or o o ,
2 6
4 ; in f m f a w ma n 2 46
or o o , M
L w n R M it d 3 83
a re ce, . .
, c e , : 0, 2
Lea , H C it d .
4
.
, c e , H , M b th 6
ac e , :1
L ky W E H qu t d x35
ec ,
. . .
,
o e , M ad t n u d
s o e se in Scotl a nd , 2 63
30 6 I N DE X
k i ng ta k a th t mak th s n
s e o o e e u
h i n nd p gr w 7 3; OceC
s e a cro s o ,
.
re
N '
m ny f w men t mak ta l
o o o o e s se s
f ma i z g w 8 6 ; u
o e ro ,
ses cross a s
a i n ym b l 8 ; acles f h ad
r s o ,
1 0 or o ,
perpetua l 73 res , :
M ice t p r v nt a v a ge of PP ll inyy
,
o e e r s ,
'
i t d 84; gen at dd by l i k i ng
c e , er e c i ,
2 64
M i ha lc W k w heat w n in
e
s ee ,
so ,
t n t
ur s k l 48 o coc e,
es
n 89 ;
o ,
in Eu p 7 8 ; l iv res ro e, : e
c t bu n d in t Pa i
a s nd Met r e a ri s a z,
8 ; bu ni ng w h l u d n 8 3
r 2 r ee s se o ,
:
M il k g t by ma gic yi l d le s b t
o e s s u
te r, 8 7
M ill L H i t d 1 51 x7 3
s, . .
, c e , :
M il t n Joh n qu t d ; ci ted on
o , ,
o e , i t
'
h a l cy n 9 5 ; qu t dd 2 2 7
o , o e ,
Min E gypt i a n d i ty 2 42
, e ,
Min t r ma gi f t mak co n
a a ees, c o , o e r
of. 2 39
M i a i a ge p r v nt d by tyi ng
sc rr e e e
a l t th ad n a ttl 2 4
sc re re o c e, 2
M i tl ts f u t i fy ing p w of
e oe, r c o er ,
b ing l u k t da i y 2 2 ; r s c o r , i
ac d t F ig
s re o r a, z i z
M i tu n d t w l f by h b 2 2 5
oe r s r e o o er s ,
M ng l
o a d b k f ad
o s, s cre oo s o , re
nl y in p i ng nd
o mm n6 s r a su er,
M nta i g n
o it d 7 6 e, c e ,
2
M nt R ub ll 9 6
o e e o, :
M num nt
o i gi n f i 5
e s, or o ,
M n a n i nt i d a f a ; v il
oo , c e e o , r t e
i n u n f 7 ; fav ab l f
e ce o , 1 2 or e or
b d i ng nd p l a nt
ree 9 ; in a s, :2
M n y J am i t d 6 5 7 4; q t
oo e , es, c e , , uo
ed, 2 39
M oo r b e a ts l amb to c re u h ada h
e c e,
2 3i
I NDE X 0
3 7
by P p Z a h a y 7 9 ; ph a ll i
o e c r , 1 c O m nd t k po se i
r o oo s ss o n of l and by
m ny in nn t i n w ith 2
cere o co ec o , 20 y a w 76
er rro s, 1
N g a l ymb l f 87
er ,
s o o , 2 O ill a h u ng n t ee
sc o r s at Pa gana l i a ,
N th u
er f d a w n by w h i te
s, ca r o ,
r 2 6x
cow , 2 3i O i i 5 ; ph a ll i i ma ge of c
s r s, i i c , ar
Nui w
e r th u g h t by S yth i a n
ere s o c i d in p
re i n 20 roces s o ,
2
t tu n t
o w lv r 5 o o e s, 2 2 O t i h
s rc m ni a l
,
f feath
ce re o u se o ers
N w C a l d ni a
e a in chh a m in
e o , r i ar , of, 5 1 ; o f eg gs, 2 63
t o5 Ov i d 5 9
, ,
R b i g,
a l i a55 ; o n the o ,
2 50 189 ; i gi n f Lu p a l 2 6 9
or o e rc ,
0 , 20
N i ght h g p r t ct i n f m 44
- a
, o e io ro , i Ox n p u ni h d by H b w nd
e s e e re s a
N il b li v d t b u t w f
e e e e o e o o o Ath ni an 3 e s, 2 0
Oii 2 6
s r s, 1
Ni n f a i y f N w
ssa , gii an i 43
weg r o or a s, i
Norse l ni t t k pp
co o i n ff s s oo os sess o o P
l a nd w i th 75 res, i
Norse m n a ib d ma g ic p w t
e scr e o er o
h h ad 8 5
o rse s
e ,
N w ay w i nd ti d u p by w itch s
or , s e e
in, ii5
Octom is s cra i e vi g in c r to r a in
go d s, t o8
Od in in ti m f famine a k ing
, e o
s a i d t 7 2
cr ce o,
Ody u n 6 sse s,
Oj ib w a u t m t w i ng 59 34;
, c s o a so , , 1
h a v t f a t f 39
r es e s o , 2
t o b ing a i n 5
r r , i o
O ni n w d t fu ll m n 3
o s so e a oo ,
1 !
O du
r f
re w in m ni o f co s cere o es o
H i ndu nd Pa i 9 ; f bu l s a rs s, 2 o
l uck u d s a in ff i ng by
se as s o er
H b w 9 ; h uman u nte a t
e re s, 2 , co r c s
w i t h 87 ; f w u d
c es, a o co s se as
r a i n h a m 9 ; t pr t ct f m
c r ,
i0 o o e ro
w it h 8
c es,
4 r
O in a in ha m r
r oco r c r , to
O i n t m p t ta k
ro , i in 2 4
e es s e r se , i ,
t 3o
30 8 I N DE X
a d h ad d m n 87 ; Neg
re - e e a ,
ro
f lk l
o - f 87
ore o ,
q ake 9
u s, i :
P p tua l r am
er e mong g H b ew es e r s,
R man nd M xii a n 7 4
o s a e ca s, 1
P u vi a n f a t d a ft
er s w i ng 6 2 ; s e er so
e , ,
w h i t h p a ii dd by 6 ;
e s ee s cr ce , 2 ,
ca p tu u n in n t
re ; r iin
s e s, :00 , a
c h a m f 0 6 ; h ad acle W
r o ,
wiith 1 or s
p pet a l
er u 74 ; u d r te t res , i se e s
in lect i ng l ati n 7 5 ; r
se oc o s, : te
w a d d h ph dd w h e ck
r e s e er a
s os o s
in a d a 7
cre se ,
i
P t i W M F ci ted 2 412 2 7 9
e r e, . . .
, ,
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Ph a ll i mb l mc e ; p n t a e s, 2 20 re rese
t i n in a n i n
o s t rt 2 ; a oci c e ar , 2 i ss i
a t d w i th
e t E l ph a n ta 2 2 cross a e , 2
Ph i l i pp i n I l a nd a i c b f r
e s s, s cri e e o e
so w ing in 2 3 ,
Ph i li ti nes mad i ma g of mi
s e es ce
to d i v th m a w ay 84
r e e ,
P h ni i a n ac i d h i l d en 2 86 ;
e c s s r ce c r ,
to trees , 2 6 3
P i nda l g nd fr, e e o , 2 73
P i nk t n V ya ge
er o
s o s, c te i d , 48, 7 5,
87 . 1 1 6. r40. 1 8
4 . 6 5.
x 1 94
Pi p er ofHam li n l g nd f 2 e , e e o , 00
Pi pi l a i d b f
es s cr p l a nti ng ce e o re ,
2 1
; b v d h aot i ty b
se r ef r c s e o e
ing. 6 3
Pi ig am 3
so, or in o f n e,
Pi t a i n W D ci t d 5
c r ,
. .
, e ,
2 0
p nt f g l d 8 5 ; by Da v i d
ser e s o o , ,
1 59
P l a nt t d itis, nd k i ng
o e es a s was
a tt i bu t d t k n w l d g
r e rs o e e of, 4
P l at S i Hu gh i t d 3
, r , c e , i i
P l iny i t d 3 5 6 8 3 n
, c e , , 2, o, ,
o, i 2 5,
1 31 , 2 7 4, 2 86
31 0 1ND X
R mu l u
o s, A v a l p ii thh dd tab
r r es oo es
lished by 94 ,
:
R oo s te r, t i l in S w i
r a v illll a g f ss Vi e o
0 ,
22 9
R th H n y Li ng i t d 53
o , e r , c e , 2
R um ni a n a i n h a m f
o a s, r c r o ,
:i :
R d d v
u d i ty in B ng a l n
ra e a, e e , :
Ru a l k a spu l i n f 7 7 s, ex s o o ,
Ru k i n J h n i t d 9 5
s ,
o , c e ,
Ru i a n p na l dd n v am p i
ss e co e o i res,
n8
Ru i a n bu y a m n a li v w i th
ss s r a e
b l k d g t a vv th hh dI 6
ac o o s e e e r( , : 0
R th ni
u li v k bu n d in t
a a, e coc r e i ,
o
u p l a gu 6
c re e, : :
S t Sam a n a i n g d 9 2
a a o, o r o ,
Sa i h uma n by M xi a n
cr ces , , e c s,
na ti v f G ld C a t ;es f o o o s , 22 o
Gu in 3; by Kh nd ea , 4; 2 o s, 2
Dy k 7 ; t h a v t f tiv a l
a s, 2 a r es es s
in P u 4 er , 2 0
St . A go b a rd,
St . A ilbhe, 80
St Anth ny p t t f a ni ma l
. o ,
ro ec or o s,
45 ; I m g
: f i d by R a a e o , ca rr e os
B nh u 45 ; h l d h g 7
o e r, : ea e o s, : 0
S t A u g u ti n
. s e, :2 2
St . B na d f ti v a l t M nt
er r
s es a o e
S n B na d
a 96 er r o, :
S t B d h m h l d a tt l
. o 66a ea e c e, :
S t C l umba tu ni h k n f ain
. o s c s a e or r ,
n ; bi d o m t a ll f 45 r s co e a c o , :
St D i
. ma ty d m f 54
a s u s, r r o o ,
S t D av i d D ay l u ky f w i ng
. s c or so ,
48 ; W l h m n w l k n 64
e s e ea r ee s o ,
S t D u n t n v il
. pu t f 57
s a , e re e o ,
2
S t Ed i th
. R ma n R b i g 7 9 as o o o,
S t El y
. nd m n d amu l t
o co
7 e e e s, : :
S t F t in ph a lli
. ou ing t , c o er s o, 22 :
S t G ll b a
. b y d 45
a , e rs o e e ,
:
I N DEX 31 1
q
f u nd by 2 7 0
o , Day 2 82 ,
S nta l h a rv t h m f 53
a s, es o e o , 2 kee, 6 5
Sa a w a k f ll m n b v d by n
r , u oo o se r e a S h ad es d ad thei i nu nc
o f th e e , r e e
tiv f 3 ; f a t f t f it
es o , : 2 e s o rs ru s o n th li v i ng 7 5 ; m t b p p i
e , us e ro
in, 2 52 ti t d 7 5 ; a H
s e , i an folk ta le f ess - o ,
Sa d ini a im ina l l a w a ga i nt
r , cr s s a n 75; p es i d ve g
rrow i ng y a m e o r s,
ima l in 2 33 a , 75
S a t a n t a pp a a n
,
f rs e r ce o , 22 7 . Sh a k p a ci t d 9 5 44 2 ;
es e re, e , , : , 00
2 58 J u li u C qu ted 2 5 ; M
s e s a r, o , 0 er
Sat ur n , g ld n o e a ge o f, 9 ; ag i o ld r c h a nt f V ni q t d 2 2 5 ;
o e ce, uo e ,
of, :2 6 S h ang ti p ay f g a in t 88
-
,
r er or r o,
Sat ur na l i a,
ac i t 54; 53; s r ces a , S h p sh a d in i n r a f m n
ee e re c e se o oo ,
f by fa ti ng 6 2
o ll ow ed s , : 03 ; d iv n th r gh p l
r i t k t e ou s oa o
S u m L ch d m ci t d ee65 o s, e , : hea L :6 5
Sch w i nf th G ci t d
e 87 ur , .
, e ,
2 Sh tl a nd am n buy w i nd
e se e , n5
Scot h ma n l a v
c p a t f th p e es r o e cro Sh i K ing it d 2 ; q t d , c e ,
uo e , 4, 47 ,
f the O l d W ma n 2 46
or o , 2 37 s 344
Sea R gi na l d
, 37 e48 69 , : , : ,
: , 2 00 S h i ng l h u l d be l a i d in da k f
es s o r o
Smtt S i W a l t
, i t d 9 6 ; qu t d
r e r, c e ,
o e , m n 32
oo , :
r80 Sh k
o as d iv a w ay vi l w ith y ing
r e e
Scyt h i a n th u gh t the N u i t n d
s o e r ur e p ay
r 59 ers . 1
t w lv
o o 5 es , 2 2 S h w h w u nd f h ew m u
re -
as , o s o s r o se
Secr t u pp li ca t
e s Chi n ial
f o r, ese o c c u d by 6 5
re , :
f m ly 8
or er , : Sh w m u att l i nju r d by 6 5 ;
re o se, c e e , :
Seed h w t k n w n t
, o p du rs o o re ro ce R ma n th g h t p i n u 6 5
o s ou o so o s, :
it l fse 5 , : S i am h a v t f t i v a l in 2 52
,
r es es ,
Seed n f Pa w n
cor m i t n d w i th
o ees o s e e S i am p i ng
ese, m ny f 38
s r ce re o o ,
b l d f a w ma n 59
oo o o , S il v p l w h u ng in ch u r h 44
er o s c es,
Sekh t A a e -
76 ru , Sim x E J it d 2 ; q t d 3
co ,
. .
, c e , uo e , ,
S mi n l
e I nd i a n f tiv a l f t
o e s, es o rs 38 . 7 7 . 8 1 .
1 77
f i t am ng 2 4
ru s o , 0 S i mp so n, K a t A qu t d e .
,
o e , 67
S en a ec it d 3,
c e , :0 S i ux
o cere m ny t ma ke c
o o or n grow ,
S en a ec s, l g nd f 7 e e o , 59
S p nt
er e t u p by I a li t
se t t ay sr e es o s S k a t \V \V 55 86 6
e ,
. .
, , ,
:0 ,
th e p l ag 85 ; u d ue,a in se as r qu t d 8
o e , 2 :
h a m 7 ; g n t d f m pi
c r , :0 e e ra e ro s Sk l t n u d
e e o a i n h a rm in N w
se as r c e
n l ma w f m n 2 3; p u ni h
a rro o e , 2 s C a l d ni a 5
e o , :0
m nt f 7 ; p i n f u d by
e o ,
22 o so o , c re S k u ll R ma n p t t d f m ca t
, o s ro ec e ro er
b th f a k 8 6
ro o coc , 2 p ill a w i th 84; a i d by w
rs , c rr e o
S t ti ng h n
e dd numb e f gg
s, o er o e s m n f B n in h a ve t f t i
e o o r eo r s es
sh ou l d be u d in mu t n t se ,
s o va l 2 52
s,
IN DEX
S l a v k i lled a goat t sow ing 6 3
s a ,
S m i th G , ge ci t d 2 eor ,
e , :
S mith R b rt n 54 : 55 :86 2 45
,
o e so ,
: , , , ,
2 62
Soci ty I l ands 8
e s ,
d m n expelled by f rm l ae o s o u
of,
227
S l n l aw f 2 3
o o , o , 0
S ng f b ingi ng a in 0 6
o or r r , :
So nam
rce re rs , f m n u sed in e o a
co nju i ng by r ,
c uno t acted by n d
er 74 ee re, :
S u l t n f r d t f w l 2 88
o ra er e o o ,
in, 2 6
South P lyn i a bb nes off men
er n o es ,
o
0
u d se a inch a m in
as r r s ,
S w c nd mn d t Fa l a i
o o 2 33; f
e or e a se,
mu de ing a ch il d 33
r r ,
2
S w s d c ra t d w i th si l ver in
o er , e o e
I nd i a 52 ,
S w i ng i nau g ra t d by Raja 57 ;
o u e ,
M nda ac ice g at t 58 ;
u s s r o a ,
ce m n re i f Kh a w a nd P n
o es o r rs a a
k a s,57 ; a p ri d f li n e e o o ce s ,
se xua l l i ne t i m p a t f ti l ity
ce s o r er
b i dd n by I a li t 6 4
e sr e es ,
S w th i t l
o cu rs f p l a gu
e, di e or e, s
c v o d by Ch a l th G reat
ere r es e ,
:6 9
S p c l um M nd i qu t d 6 8
e u u , o e ,
2
S p n S i Pat i k ba ll ad f 2 3
e ce, r rc ,
o , :
S p n Edmu nd qu t d
e cer, 26 , o e ,
0
2 46
S pi tt i ng t b i ng ra i nby H pi 07 ;
o r o , :
T
p t t f m wit h 4
ro ec s ro c es, : :
Sp d
o or Al ma na i t d 9 3; n T abb J h n B qu t d
s c, c e ,
o , o .
, o e , 9 :
b ee s wea th i nd i a t 2 7 6
as T ab na l f a t f er c o rs , er c es, e s o ,
S p i ng g p l r ad t n A n T ab l l g f banda g
r s, os e e a ,
o see e, e o , ed to ca n
s oi n D ay 9 2 ,
b a t :6 8
: e ,
3 4
: I NDEX
V am p i d u gh t bb u gh t byy
res, ro rou ,
Ru i a n P na l cod n n8
ss e e 0
o , 1 1
Va 24
rro, :
V a u na
r ,
V nu 2 9
e s, :
V mi n d iven a w ay by ch arm
er r s,
zoo ; x r i ed in S p a i n 2 0
e o c s byy i i ,
t h nd xh ta tii n in F ance
orc es a e or a o i r ,
20:
V ina l i a f l l m n n t de i r d a t
, u oo o s e ,
:2 4 ; in h n f
f J u p i te 2
o 6 or o r, :
V i n w ith d by t u h f m n
es ere o c o e
t
s ro u w m n 59 ; pp tect d byy
s o e , 2 ro e
Li b 2 6 e r, :
V i g il 3; de c ipti n f p l w 35 ;
r , s r o o o ,
m n i gn 2 3; i t d 9 5
oo s s, : ci e
C ,
: , 1 2,
2 5 2 45 ;
,
n b
2 r d i ng b e fom ee e s ro
oxe n, 2 69, 2 72
V i rg i n, W nd e s
ad i i
t ra di ti on of, 49 ;
i mag e of, u se d as r2 a i n chha rm
'
m ,
04
Vodyony, p at n f b k pe ro o ee ee rs , 2 79
Voig h t la nd M ay D ay
,
in res , 1 79
V l an
o c oes m t act iv t fu ll m
os e a oo n,
1 33
V l u d d by St V l as 60 ;
o os s ccee e .
, :
p l at ing the he d f 2 49
e ar o ,
V l ini m l g nd
o s u f , e e o , :1 0
V u l a n f tiv a l da ng u to g
c
s es e ro s
trees, 2 6:
Wa gn L p l d i t d 9 8
er, eo o , c e ,
Wa l t n I aa cit d n ba rnacl
o , s c, e o e
geese, 2 9 :
f u i t tr 2 6 6
\Va ss a iling r ees ,
W a th
e ign a nd l
er, f s s o re o ,
i n u nce f Sa i nt D ay n 9 6 ;
e o s
s o ,
m n m ns f 2 ; f t l d by
oo
s o e o , :2 ore o
b 76
ees, 2
\V ll
e g p l
s, ad t 9 os e re a ,
: 2
W nd d v a tt l u nd aks 46
e s ro e c e ro o , :
W w l ve a nti qu i ty f b li f in
ere o s, o ,
e e ,
2 2 5; t a d to Pyt h a g a 2 2 6
r ce o r s,
I N DEX 3 1 5
m il k by b i l i ng chips inpa il 87 ;
o , Y
f il f the ch iii 87 ; au a in
o s or ar
'
, c se r
by l a h ing b k w i th b m
s roo s roo s, :0 5
:17 ; se mb ed
u h a i t mcoke r o a a u 62
Y k ts , 2
h a il 7 ; va i u k ind f 36 ;
, :1 ro s s o , 1 Yam o i gi n f 8 ; P l yn i an
s, r o , o es s
p r t cting a ga i nt
o e k pt s , e th i nk h ad of a nce t
s es nt l s o rs co ro
W i th Ge g qu tedd 9 3
er, or e, uo , : a i
s cr t h a vest f t iv a l
ces a 53 r es , 2
W i za ds w i nd ti (dI u p inkkn t by
r , s e o s , Y g y D ay a ed t S t G
e or
s sg cr o . eor e,
W n p low i ng by to cu re
ome , ,
mu r Y ew d i li k d by b e 2 7 5
t ree s e e s,
ra in, :6 7 Y mi f t gi a nt 3
r, ros , 2 :
:66 Y l i gi n f 84; Se v i an
u e, or o , 1 r sa y
ax in the fe l d for, 2 46
ces to, 2 2 1
276
Xoc h i p i ll i d i ty
, e of p l a nt s , 2 4: