IBA, exe, oman AN-Conomon HG) CHAPTER 1 HEATING, VENTILATION AND AIR-CONDITIONING (HVAC) 10 20 INTRODUCTION Air conditioning is the process of altering the physical properties of air, primarily temperature, humidity and dust content to more comfortable conditions, typically with the aim of distibuting the conditioned air to an occupied space to improve thermal comfort and indoor air quality ‘The space-cooling load is the rate at which heat must be removed from the space tomaintain a constant temperature, The various modes of heat gain may be: * Solar radiation through transparent surfaces ‘+ Heat conduction through exterior walls and roots. ‘+ Heat conduction through interior partons, ceiling and floors. + Heat generated within the space by occupants, ights and appliances. + Energy transfer as a resuit of ventilation and infitration of outdoor air. + Miscellaneous heat gains This design guide is generally imited to comfort air-conditioning. Industrial air- Conditioning and other specialized requirements are not included inthis guide. ‘The Industry practice, in the guif region, is to follow ASHRAE guidelines and recommendation in design of HVAC systems. IBA uses Carrier HAP Software for cooling load estimation, HEAT GAIN THROUGH ENVELOPE ‘The various factors influencing the heat gain through envelope are: + Location and orientation ofthe project + Outside ambiont temperatures + Inside space temperatures + Construction of envelope viz U-values of extemal walls and roof - Unvalues of paritions = Unvalue and shade coetiicient of external glazing, i=) AN ora, veuanonson eC RC) 2A Location ‘The location (latitude) of selected cites is included in ASHRAE fundamentals handbook. Latitude of the important Arabian gui cities extracted from ASHRAE Handbook is indicated hereunder: ‘Table (2) shows the locaton of cities and thor latude in degrees an ary Coc ey ‘Abu Dhabi | 2449N | Muscat | 23:58N [20.051 AlAin | 2441N_| Kuwait | 2022 3198 Dubai 25.25N | Jeddah 21.67 N 15.34N | Sharjah | 2533N_| Riyadh | 24.72 36.19 Doha 25.25N_ | Baghéed | 39.39N | Basrah | ~0.05N [ew 36.19N [Boru | 3389 | Khartoum | 15.63N ‘The orientation ofthe project shall be obtained from the respective Architect. (Outside Ambient Conditions Design ambient conditions are generally taken from ASHRAE Fundamentals / Climatic Design information, Warm-season temperature and humidity conditions are based on annual percentiles of 0.4, 1.0 and 2.0. Cold season conditions are based on annual percentiles of 99.6 and 99.0, Table (3) shows extracted data from ASHRAE Fundamentals that indicate the ‘ambient conditions for various cities ofthe Arabian Gulf Car ey Pe Eo eo eed ee rn 9 ‘Abu Dhabi 44.9 1232 30.6 /35.3 115) ALAin 459/223 28.6 35.6 4 Dubai 428/238 303/349 127 ‘Sharjah 44.0/23.9 30.0/ 36.4 99 Doha 43.7 122.4 31.1/352 14 Muscat 43.0/22.8 30.1734. 17.0 Kuwait 4721206 28.01 34.7 3.2 KSA: ‘Makkah | 2897386 ~A\Madina| 45.0 / 19.0 219/368 = Riyach | 442/187 = Jeddah 409/235 298/350 | 184 [2087963 18