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Rounding Off
> When a number is exactly halfway between two other numbers, you round to the
larger number e.g. 150 rounds to 200 not 100.
> To round off to a certain number of significant figures, you count from the first non-
zero digit e.g. 0.0245 to 1 significant figure is 0.02.
> Zeros become significant if they are between non-zero digits numbers e.g. 1.034 to
3 significant figures is 1.03.
Conversions
> Fraction to decimal = divide denominator into numerator.
> Decimal to fraction = put decimal over 100 and simplify.
> Fraction to percentage = change fraction to decimal and multiply by 100.
> Percentage to fraction = divide by 100 and simplify.
> Decimal to percentage = multiply by 100.
> Percentage to decimal = divide by 100 and divide denominator into numerator.
> Recurring decimals to fractions = let n = recurring decimal, the number of recurring
decimal will be the number of 0s e.g. 2 recurring decimals means 100n. Subtract this
number from n to get xn = terminating number. Solve as an equation.
Index Laws
a^m * a^n = a^(m + n)
a^m / a^n = a^(m n)
(a^m)^n = a^mn
(ab)^n = a^n*b^n
(a/b)^n = (a^n)/(b^n)
x^0 = 1
x^-n = 1/x^n
x^(1/n) = nth root (x)
x^(m/n) = nth root of x to the power of m
Surds
root a * root b = root a*b
root a / root b = root (a/b)
Absolute Value
If a < 0 then |a| = -a
If a > 0 then |a| = a
If a = 0 then |a| = 0
|a*b| = |a| * |b|
|a|^2 = a^2
|a+b| < |a| + |b|
Addition and Subtration: you can only add and subtract like terms (the same
pronumerals).
Multiplication and Division: use cancelling and index laws to simplify these.
a(b+c) = ab + ac
(a+b)(x+y) = ax + ay + bx + by
(a+b)(x+y+z) = ax + ay + az +bx + by +bz
(a+b)(a-b) = a^2 b^2
(a+b)^2 = a^2 + 2ab + b^2
(a-b)^2 = a^2 2ab + b^2
ax + bx = x(a+b)
ax + bx + ay + by = (a+b)(x+y)
x^2 + (a+b)x + ab = (x+a)(x+b)
a^3 + b^3 = (a+b)(a^2 ab + b^2)
a^3 b^3 = (a-b)(a^2 + ab + b^2)
Add (p/2)^2 to complete the square on a^2 + pa
a root b * c root d = ac root bd
root a * root a = a
a/root b = a root b / b
[a / (root x + root y)] * [(root x root y) / (root x root y)]
= [a (root x root y)] / (x y)
Equations Chapter 3
Trigonometry Chapter 6