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- Legal filiation. This is the only mode where filiation is established legally.
*3 Exceptions: (1) If the alien was formerly a Filipino and he/she seeks to adopt his/her
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relatives within the 4 civil degree of consanguinity or affinity; (2) If he seeks to adopt the
legitimate child of his/her Filipino spouse; and (3) If an alien married to a Filipino seeking to
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adopt the relatives of his/her spouse within the 4 civil degree
- Aoption creates parent and child relationship. It creates paternity and filiation.
- The effect of adoption retroacts to the time of the filing of the petition.
- Adoption severs the relationship between the adopted child and his/her natural or
biological parents.
- For purposes of liability: what is material is who actually has actual custody of the child
and has parental authority over the child is the one responsible.
- Effect of adoption is limited only between the adopter and the adopted child. It does not
go beyond their relationship.
- No right of representation. So if the son dies ahead of the lolo, the adopted apo cannot
receive the supoosed legitime of the son by the right of representation.
- When a decree of adoption is issued and the child is already adopted, he is deemed to be
a legitimate child and is deemed to have the same rights and privileges as a legitimate
child including the right to use the surname of the adopter but excluding the
aforementioned right of representation.
- The adopted child is entitled to inherit from the adopter in the same extent as the natural
legitimate child.