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ElectricFieldislikegravitationalfield.Driftvelocityisliketheterminalvelocity.Terminalvelocityis
thehighestvelocityattainablebyanobjectasitfallsthroughair.Itoccursoncethesumofthedragforce
(F)andbuoyancyequalsthedownwardforceofgravity(F)actingontheobject.Sincethenetforceon
theobjectiszero,theobjecthaszeroacceleration.
Thefrictioninmechanicalworldthatdissipatestheenergyasheatisanalogoustothefrictionor
resistanceintheelectricalworld.Whenchargesmovethroughmaterials,theresistancesofferedbythe
latticestructurecausesanoppositionforcedefinedbytheohmslaw.Thevoltageortheoppositionforce
toamovingchargeisproportionaltoitsvelocity(velocityofachargeiscurrentorcurrentdensity).Infact
therelationbetweenterminalvelocityandElectricfielditselfisohm'slawputinadifferentway.
YoucanlookupformathematicalrelationinDriftvelocity.
Theconductivitytermintherelationistheonewhichstatesthematerialproperty.i.e.theresistance
materialunderconsideration.
1.2kViewsViewUpvotes
PrateekSharma,Physicist|Educator
WrittenJan9
Hi,thanksfortheA2A
Driftvelocityistheaveragevelocityofelectronsflowinginsideaconductorundertheinfluenceofan
electricfield,whichisresponsibleforthepotentialdifferencealongthelengthoftheconductor.
Therelationbetweenelectricfieldandpotentialisgivenbyfollowingrelation:
E=dV/dRorsimplyE=V/L
Theelectricpotentialchangesalongthedistanceinanelectricfield.
Soinaconductorwithapotentialdifferencebetweenit'sends,theelectronsflowundertheinfluenceof
thiselectricfield.Andtheelectricforceisresponsiblefortheaccelerationofelectronsandgivethenadrift
velocity.
Theequationsinvolvedare
Driftvelocity=(accelerationoftheelectrons)*time
Rememberthisisaveragevelocityofelectronsandtheaverageinitialvelocityiszero.
Acceleration=(charge*electricfield)/mass
Nowithinkyoucanfigureoutthelastrelation.
Sodriftvelocityisdirectlyproportionaltotheelectricfieldanditincreases/decreaseswhenelectricfield
increases/decreases.
https://www.quora.com/Whatistherelationbetweenelectricfieldanddriftvelocity 1/2
2/15/2017 Whatistherelationbetweenelectricfieldanddriftvelocity?Quora
224ViewsViewUpvotesAnswerrequestedbyDeepakSingh
RohanAnanthaKrishna,Timetravelbackwardsisn'tpossibleevenifyougo
fasterthanlight.PERIOD!
WrittenJan18,2016
A2A
Electricfieldiswhatensuresthattheelectronmovesalongtheconductor,sothisimplies
E = m
q a E=mqa
Also,weknowthattheelectronexperiencescontinuousaccelerationalongtheconductor(sincethe
voltageincreaseslinearlyalongthelineoftheconductor),
so a = vd a=vdwhere istakentheaveragetimeconstantforwhichtheelectronmovesbefore
beinghitbyarigidobject(themetalparticles)
So,substitutiongives E = q
m
vd E=mqvd
Thisshowsthatthedriftvelocityiseitherinthedirectionparallelorantiparalleltothedirectionofthe
electricfield,increaseswithincreaseofchargeandelectricfieldbutdecreaseswiththeincreaseinthe
massoftheparticle.
https://www.quora.com/Whatistherelationbetweenelectricfieldanddriftvelocity 2/2