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February 1, 2016
This document is to be used with the Fourth edition of the World Food Safety Guidelines.
th
4 version, February 2016
Guidelines for Food Safety Auditing
Contents:
1. Introduction
1. Introduction
Airline caterers are required to establish, maintain and operate programs of food safety control based on
HACCP principles. In-flight meals for passengers and crew must be safe, which requires airline caterers to
establish, operate and maintain documented programs of all food safety controls based on HACCP princi-
ples. The control programs should be understandable and effective in order to support consistent and reliable
implementation.
If the airline caterer does not have a HACCP-based food safety management program in place, the
caterer is considered failed.
Principles and procedures for auditing of airline catering control programs need to be fact-based and trans-
parent in order to ensure understanding and respect between auditor and auditee.
An audit is a planned series of measurements on randomly selected foods or food batches. It is an independ-
ent examination of the food safety management system based on the World Food Safety Guidelines. This
includes the evaluation of documentation, compliance and observation of procedures, and effectiveness of
procedures to control the process within the limits defined by the caterer to implement corrective and preven-
tive actions.
Isolated failures may not represent systematic non-compliance, where corrective actions have been carried
out in response.
Final scores for the facility should reflect overall compliance and include a positive response from the auditor
for corrective action(s) taken.
Auditing involving compliance with CCPs & CPs is more straightforward because CCPs & CPs have critical
limits. However, the Standard Operating Procedures are not necessarily correlated with food, food batches
and critical limits; thus control of SOPs must be done by a planned evaluation of procedural elements.
*Relevant hazards are hazards which by analysis, as well as by historical experience, are considered likely to occur
For practical purposes the audit is split up into consecutive steps as follows:
1. Setting date and time of audit
2. Opening meeting to establish the agenda
3. Paper Audit - an assessment of the control system and control documentation
4. Physical Audit an on-site verification of operating standards and procedures including interviews
with staff
5. Auditors summary of information, observations and check results which include:
Summary of steps 1-4
Identification of relevant and significant non-conformities
Summary of additional, less significant issues and observations
6. Closing meeting, the purpose of which is to: discuss the above summaries, seek mutual agreement of
identified non-conformities and seek agreement on necessary corrective actions
7. Caterers (post-audit) confirmation of corrective action initiation and / or implementation
The main purpose of the World Food Safety Guidelines is to provide an industry auditing baseline to which
audits are conducted. It is recognized that differences of opinion regarding audit findings and related con-
trol requirements may occur. Again, please note that it is the responsibility of the caterer to adhere to the
guidelines while meeting all national regulatory requirements.
It is, therefore, relevant to summarize duties and rights of both the supplier and customer as this contributes
to mutual understandings and thereby to a more constructive and positive relationship between the parties:
2. Must ensure that controls are effective, reliable May choose preferred methods, staff, equipment,
and consistent procedures, control frequencies, and corrective
action
3. Must allow auditor reasonable access to catering May defer the time of the audit due to obvious
facility operational problems
4. Must allow the auditor to conduct audit activities May charge for special audit activities, which by
within a reasonable timeframe and resource allo- their nature require significantly increased time
cation and/or manpower
5. Must accept identified, justifiable* non- May reject auditors identified non-conformities,
conformities and perform the necessary correc- requirements and recommendations if not objec-
tive actions in a suitable or prescribed timescale tively justified. Such objections must include full
justification and evidence that any potential risks
to food safety have been adequately controlled.
1. Must arrange, conduct and communicate audit ac- Access to catering facility (within sensible frames
tivities in a rational, effective and respectful man- of time and resource allocation) with the purpose
ner, with due consideration to time and resource of assessing caterers control system
allocation
2. Must conduct audit in such a way that only identi- May give comments and recommendations to ca-
fied, justifiable* non-conformities are included in terer (outside of audit and related rating) regarding
audit and related rating. issues which the auditor considers relevant but for
which the need cannot be objectively justified by
Should acknowledge the caterers reasonable com-
measurement, reference etc.
ments at closing meeting and, if necessary, adjust
conclusion on the actual issue of debate.
The purpose of the Audit Reference Tool is to facilitate the verification that a control program based on
HACCP principles is in place and that this program will control relevant food safety hazards during the
production, storage, handling and delivery of aircraft meals. This includes verification of corrective ac-
tions on identified noncompliances with CCPs and SOPs.
Whilst the World Food Safety Guidelines for airline catering are the standards set for compliance,
where national standards are stricter, caterers must comply with their respective national standard.
Scoring Principles
The final result of an audit by use of the WFSG Audit Checklist is based on a Green / Red scoring sys-
tem.
The system is based on the number of critical, major and minor observations made by the auditor as
outlined below:
Critical: Critical failure is a loss of control of the food safety system resulting in potential harm to cus-
tomers. A critical failure could potentially cause a market withdrawal or recall. Examples include: Im-
properly cooked product, insect/rodent infestation or condensation dripping onto exposed product.
Major: Major failure is a failure to meet requirements within the food safety system that is likely to com-
promise safety if not brought into compliance. This can be established through objective evidence or
direct observation of a significant omission or deficiency within the food safety system. Examples in-
clude: Failure to wash hands after returning from the restroom or a dish machine not meeting required
minimum temperature.
Minor: A minor observation is one where there is a deviation from a basic food safety element that does
not pose an imminent risk to the customer. This can be established through objective evidence or direct
observation. Examples include: Failure to wear a beard guard properly, corrugated packaging is found
in a food processing area or a can opener is discovered soiled.
CCPs are food-specific and have a critical impact on food safety. Each CCP is valued 4 points. No de-
duction is made if the CCP is found to be in compliance; whereas the full 4 points are deducted when
non-compliance is identified in a CCP. The audit is considered failed if CCP criteria are not met result-
ing in compromised food.
SOPs are generally related to the controls of the food environment, therefore tolerance is allowed for
minor discrepancies noted during an audit. Hence there are 3 ways of scoring an SOP:
Acceptable: All areas within the SOP are in compliance - no point is deducted
Tolerable: The majority of the SOP is in compliance but a minor deviation is noted, e.g. one
wash hand basin is found which is not equipped with soap - 1 point is deducted
Unacceptable: A large proportion of an SOP is not in compliance, e.g. the majority of wash hand
basins in a flight kitchen do not have soap - 2 points is deducted
In deciding the level of an SOPs compliance (or non-compliance), the auditor must exercise a level of
common sense and experience in understanding whether the failure of the SOP is an isolated incident
or a systematic failure. Example of an isolated incident: Single person not wearing gloves but all oth-
ers are observed following the policy.
Auditors should remember that decisions thought by the caterer to be too harsh will not help in foster-
ing a good working relationship, which would otherwise benefit both parties.
Final Rating
Station:
Catering:
Auditor:
Date:
This audit Checklist is based on the IFSA World Food Safety Guidelines. Its purpose is to verify that a food
safety control program based on HACCP principles is in place which eliminates, reduces or controls relevant
food safety hazards throughout the food chain. It also aims to determine that appropriate corrective action is
taken and recorded when critical limits are not met or in case of deviations from SOP requirements.
HACCP Verification
2. Are CCPs monitored, documented and verified daily if applicable?
6. Are all areas of the facility clean and organized with no visible dirt and debris?
EQUIPMENT
9. Food Preparation Equipment and Food Contact Surfaces
Are food preparation equipment and food contact surfaces made from food grade and non-porous material?
Are the equipment and food contact surfaces clean and in good condition?
SUPPLIER APPROVAL-SOP
11. Is there an effective supplier approval process for all TCS foods to include R-T-E and food contact packaging?
13. Are foods cooled safely with records kept and corrective action documented and taken when required?
Refer to CCP 2 of WFSG for food chilling requirements.
Or
B. Ambient temperature is higher than 5 C/41 F. but less than or equal to 15 C/59 F.
Is ambient temperature monitored?
Food exposure time does not exceed critical limit of 90 minutes?
Are records kept and corrective action taken when necessary?
Or
C. Ambient temperature is higher than 15 C/59 F but less than or equal to 21 C/70 F.
Is ambient temperature monitored?
Food surface temperature does not exceed critical limit of 15C/59F or
Food exposure time does not exceed critical limit of 45 minutes.
Are records kept and corrective action taken when necessary?
Or
D. Ambient temperature is higher than 21 C/70 F
Is ambient temperature monitored?
Food surface temperature does not exceed critical limit of 15 C/59F and
Food exposure time does not exceed critical limit of 45 minutes.
Are records kept and corrective action taken when necessary?
Observations: Critical (0) Major (1) Minor (2) Compliant (3) ______Points
Food Receiving-CP 1
16. Is there a food temperature control system for safe receipt of TCS Foods?
Temperature of TCS foods is monitored and recorded.
All refrigerated or chilled food delivered at a maximum of 46 F or other national regulation.
Frozen foods are solidly frozen with no evidence of thawing and refreezing.
Records are kept and corrective action taken when critical limit is not met.
Observations: Critical (0) Major (1) Minor (2) Good (3) __________Points
17. Is there a robust control system to ensure that food is consumed within its shelf-life?
Are foods date-marked or color coded and correctly rotated (no out-of-date foods)?
SOP Stock Rotation/Date Coding adhered to?
25. Is there a food safety based risk-assessment in the event of an aircraft delay?
28. Is there clear segregation between raw and ready-to-eat food during preparation?
29. Are there effective controls to ensure safe production of special meals to include cross contact of allergens?
SOP Allergen control adhered to?
31. Is there a company requirement regarding jewelry based on risk assessment or national regulation?
33. Whenever possible or as dictated by national regulation are tools (including gloves) used for portioning of food to
minimize direct contact with ready-to-eat food?
34. When worn, are disposable gloves changed after being used for unclean handling processes?
TRAINING-SOP
37. Is there a job-related food safety training program for employees and management?
Induction and refresher training.
Tests are included.
Training records are available for each member of staff.
Or
Chemical sanitizing
Does manual washing procedure include a sanitizing step?
Is the chemical concentration monitored and recorded?
Are washed equipment and utensils visibly clean?
WASTE DISPOSAL
42. Waste bins
Are waste bins well maintained, emptied and cleaned when necessary?
Are bins with lids foot operated?
Total Points______________
Verify that corrective actions are taken when necessary and recorded
Confirm that food safety is incorporated into the design of the facility. Example: Materials used
for floors, walls and ceiling surfaces are easily cleanable.
Verify by visual observation that the facility is clean and well-maintained in such a way that the
risk of harmful contamination to food from environment is prevented
8 Pest control:
Verify visually that the building design and maintenance prevents ingress of pests through the
proper use of insect lights, air curtains and pest control traps
Confirm that cleaning and storage programs are effective in preventing the harborage of pests
9 Kitchen Equipment:
Verify that food safety is incorporated into the design of equipment and the equipment is operat-
ed as designed
Visually verify that all food contact surfaces and equipment are clean and in good condition
Confirm that there is a documented procedure to ensure the absence of the hazardous ingredi-
ents during meal presentations, menu designs or similar events
11 Supplier Approval:
Randomly select purchased TCS ready-to-eat food items and confirm that their suppliers have
been correctly audited and approved
Supplier is in compliance with all regulatory and or third party inspections
Verify that the company has a food temperature control system for safe cooking of TCS foods
Randomly observe TCS foods being cooked and verify compliance by monitoring end core tem-
peratures.
13 Food Chilling:
Confirm that a control system for safe chilling of TCS foods after cooking is in place
Randomly select some TCS (preferably dense) being chilled and verify compliance
Randomly select some TCS foods in refrigerators that were cook/chilled within the last 24 hours
and verify control documentation
Confirm that there is a time/temperature control system for safe handling of TCS ready-to-eat
foods
Randomly select food/meal batches and verify conformance to the control system
The caterer must have a food temperature control system for safe storage of TCS foods
Check gauge temperatures during tour of unit. If significant deviations are noticed, verify
over next 1 - 2 hours that corrective action is initiated.
Where electronic surveillance system exists: Verify that a procedure/schedule for monitor-
ing screens or print-outs is in place and/or that an alarm system is active.
16 Food Receiving:
Confirm that the caterer has a food temperature control system for safe receipt TCS foods
Verify controls and control documentation for deliveries taking place at the time of the audit
Randomly select delivered foods in refrigerators and freezers and verify control by cross refer-
encing corresponding deliveries. Perform direct observation of the delivery process if possible.
Visually verify that the food storage process is in control regarding date coding, stock rotation,
FIFO and prevention from possible contamination
19 In-House Freezing:
20 Thawing:
Confirm that there is a procedure to reduce contamination on raw fruits and vegetables using an
appropriate and approved disinfection solution
22 Dispatch:
23 Ice Machines:
Visually inspect ice machines and verify they are clean and well-maintained
Inspect scoops/paddles and verify they are kept clean, protected from contamination and sani-
tized regularly
Verify that meal surface temperatures are controlled at the time of loading to aircraft (if required
by customer)
25 Delay Handling:
Confirm that there is a food safety based risk-assessment in the event of an aircraft delay
Review past records of actions and decisions taken in case of aircraft delays
Confirm the presence of control measures based on risk-assessment to prevent physical con-
tamination of food and food contact surfaces
Review glass breakage records as well as necessary actions taken on potentially contaminated
food and food contact surfaces
Visually verify that there is a clear segregation between raw foods and ready-to-eat foods during
storage and preparation
Note that segregation could be based on physical (different rooms or areas) or by distance (in
same room/area) strategies.
Confirm that clean and unclean processes are segregated physically or by distance in such a
way that contamination from unclean processes is prevented
Special Meal preparation: Ensure that the risk of unacceptable food ingredients is prevented
Visually verify that personal hygiene control measures are adhered to by all employees and visi-
tors
Infection control procedure may be separated or included in personal hygiene / GMP training.
This is acceptable provided that the message is clear and that employees demonstrate
knowledge.
37 Training:
Verify that food grade detergents and sanitizers are available for use
Verify that chemicals are correctly labelled and stored separately from food
42 - 43 Waste Disposal:
Verify waste disposal containers are in operation, clean and do not present cross contamination
or pest harborage risks
44 Instrument Calibration:
Verify a documented procedure for calibration of thermometers is in place per manufacturer in-
structions
Review past records for actions taken in case of product recall, if applicable