Personal Pronouns

Lesson 1 Pronombres Personales

Leccin 1
Personal pronouns refer to a The word it' refers to an
person: object:
Los Pronombres Personales se refieren a La palabra it se refiere a un objeto:
una persona:
I drank it.
I go to school. Yo lo beb.
YO voy a la escuela.
It is big.
YOU are a student. Eso es grande.
T eres un estudiante. They cut it into halves.
HE works here. Ellos lo cortaron en mitades
L trabaja aqu.
SHE is beatiful.
ELLA es hermosa.
WE are friends.
NOSOTROS somos amigos.
YOU are students. (Plural)
USTEDES son estudiantes.
THEY are Koreans.
ELLOS son coreanos.

There are different kinds of pronouns, but first we should know the
difference between some concepts
Hay diferentes tipos de pronombres, pero primero debemos saber la diferencia entre algunos
conceptos.

A) The Subject of a sentence is a person or thing that performs the

action of the verb.
A) El Sujeto de una oracin es una persona o cosa que realiza la accin del verbo.

Subject pronouns are used to replace the subject (person or thing) of

a sentence that performs tha action of the verb.
Los Subject pronouns son usados para reemplazar el sujeto (persona o cosa) que realiza la
accin del verbo en una oracin.

B) The Object of a sentence is a person or thing that is affected by the

action of the verb.
B) El Objeto de una oracin es una persona o cosa que es afectada por la accin del Verbo.

Object pronouns are used to replace the object (person or thing) of a

sentence that is affected by the action of the verb
Los Object pronouns son usados para reemplazar el objeto (persona o cosa) de una oracin que
es afectada por la accin del verbo.

C) We use a Reflexive Pronoun when the Subject and the Object in a

sentence refer to the same person or thing.
Nosotros usamos un Reflexive Pronoun cuando el Sujeto y el Objeto se refieren a la misma
persona o cosa.

Personal Pronouns
Lesson 1 Pronombres Personales
Leccin 1

Memorize the personal pronouns:

Memoriza los pronombres personales:

First Third
Person Primera Tercera
Second Femal
Persona
Segunda Male Neutral
Pronoun Type Masculin e Animal o
Tipo de Pronombre o Femenin cosa
o

Singular Subject I You He she it

Yo T l Ella Esto
Singular Object me you him her it
Plural Subject We You They
Nosotros Ustedes Ellos o Ellas (Personas o Cosas)
Plural Object us you them
Singular himse hersel
myself yourself itself
Reflexive lf f
ourselv yourselve
Plural Reflexive themselves
es s

Exercises Name:_____________________________________________ Class:______

Ejercicios Nombre Clase o
Grupo
1.- Watch the words in brackets and use the correct personal pronouns.
Ve las palabras entre parntesis y usa el Pronombre Personal Correcto.

____ is dreaming. (Hugo) ____ is White. (the blackboard)

est soando. es blanco. (el pizarrn)
____ are on the wall. (the posters) ____ is running. (the dog)
estn en la pared. (los posters) est corriendo. (el perro)
____ are watching TV. (my mother and I) ____ are in the garden. (the flowers)
estamos viendo TV. (mi mam y yo) estn en el jardn. (las flores)
____is repairing the bike. (Tomas) ____ is from Pachuca. (Victoria)
est reparando la bicicleta. es de Pachuca.
____ has Brown eyes. (Andrea) ____ are my team. (all of you)
tiene ojos cafs. son mi equipo. (todos ustedes)
2.- Use one the different kind of pronouns to complete the sentence.
Usa uno de los diferentes tipos de pronombres para completar el enunciado.

____ are my best friend Mateo! (a Mateo) ____ are cheerleaders from College. (the
t eres mi mejor amigo Mateo! girls)
son porristas de la universidad.
(las chicas)
Give ____ a like please. (to me and my ____ is learning yoga. (Erika)
est aprendiendo yoga.
 friends)
Danos un like por favor (a m y a mis amigos
)
Take ____ to the cinema. (your girlfriend) This are your books please read ____.
Llvala al cine. (tu novia) (the books)
Estos son sus libros por favor lalos.
(los libros)
____ are waiting for Gustavo. (Luis, Juan ____ am from Tlaxcala. (Me)
an I) soy de Tlaxcala. (Yo)
Estamos esperando a Gustavo. (Luis, Juan
y Yo)
Tell ____ the secret. (to me) Take ____ to the vet please! (your cat)
Dime el Secreto. (a mi) Llvalo al veterinario por favor! (tu gato)

Be Verb (Present Tense)

Lesson 2 Verbo Be (Tiempo Presente)
Leccin 2
Normally a verb shows an action. I feel totally Water
Normalmente un verbo muestra una accin. relaxed. refreshes me.
Me siento totalmente El agua me refresca.
relajado.
But Be Verbs indicate a state of be I am an We are here.
Engineer. Nosotros estamos
or being. aqu.
Soy un Ingeniero.
Pero los verbos Be indican un estado de ser o
estar.

Check out the next information about be verb in present tense.

Checa la siguiente informacin acerca del verbo be en tiempo presente.

Be verb - Affirmative sentence Be verb Affirmative Contractions

Verbo Be Contracciones Afirmativas
Verbo Be Frase Afirmativa
Subjec be Contracti
Example To Be Verb Example
t Verb Verbo Ser on Ejemplo
Ejemplo Contraccin
Sujeto Verbo be
I am I am from Puebla. I am Im Im from Puebla.
Yo soy Yo soy Yo soy de Puebla.
Yo soy Yo soy de Puebla.
You are You are mexican. You are Youre Youre mexican.
Tu eres Tu eres T eres mexicano.
Tu eres T eres mexicano.
He is He is old. He is Hes Hes old.
l es l es l es viejo.
l es l es viejo.
She is She is a nurse. She is Shes Shes a nurse.
Ella es Ella es Ella es enfermera
Ella es Ella es enfermera
It is It is a big dog. It is Its Its a big dog.
Esto es Esto es Es un perro grande.
Esto es Es un perro grande.
We are intelligent. We are Were Were intelligent.
We are Nosotros Nosotros Nosotros somos
Nosotros somos
Nosotros somos somos somos inteligentes.
inteligentes.
You are You are students. You are Youre Youre students.
Ustedes son
Ustedes son Ustedes son estudiantes. Ustedes son Ustedes son
estudiantes.
They are They are flowers. They are Theyre
Ellos o Theyre flowers.
son Esas son flores. Ellos o Ellas Ellos o Ellas
Ellas Esas son flores.
son son
 Be verb Negative sentence
Verbo Be Frase negativa Be verb Negative Contractions
Verbo Be Contracciones Negativas
be
Subject Example Contractio
Sujeto Verb Ejemplo To Be Verb Example
Verbo be Verbo Ser n Ejemplo
Contraccin
I am not from
I am not Im not from
Yo soy Puebla. I am not Im not
Yo no soy de Puebla. Yo no soy Yo no soy Puebla.
Yo no soy de Puebla.
You are not
You are not You arent
Tu eres mexican. You are not You arent
T no eres mexicano. Tu no eres Tu no eres mexican.
T no eres mexicano.
He is not He is not old.
l es l no es viejo. He is not He isnt He isnt old.
l no es l no es l no es viejo.
She is not a
She is not She is not She isnt She isnt a nurse.
Ella es nurse. Ella no es Ella no es Ella no es enfermera
Ella no es enfermera
It is not It isnt It isnt a big dog.
It is not a big
It is not Esto no es Esto no es No es un perro grande.
Esto es dog. We arent
No es un perro grande. We are not We arent
intelligent.
We are not Nosotros no Nosotros no
Nosotros no somos
somos somos
We are not intelligent. inteligentes.
Nosotros somos Nosotros no somos
You arent
inteligentes. You are not You arent
You are not Ustedes no Ustedes no students.
Ustedes no son
You are not students. son son
estudiantes.
Ustedes son Ustedes no son
They are They They arent
estudiantes.
They are not not arent flowers.
They are not Ellos o Ellas no Ellos (as) no
Ellos o
son flowers. son son
Esas no son flores.
Ellas Esas no son flores.
Be Verb (Present Tense)
Lesson 2 Verbo Be (Tiempo Presente)
Leccin 2

To Be Questions
Preguntas To-Be

To create questions with To Be, we put the

Verb before the Subject.
Para crear preguntas con To Be ponemos el verbo antes del sujeto.
 Affirmative Question
I am intelligent. Am I intelligent?
Affirmati You are happy. Yo soy inteligente Soy inteligente?
ve T eres feliz You are a student. Are you a
T eres un estudiante. student?
be
Afirmativo Subject Eres estudiante?
Verb
He is a pilot. Is he a pilot?
l es piloto. l es piloto?
To crate a question we switch She is from Spain. Is she from Spain?
place Ella es de Espaa. Ella es de Espaa?
Para crear una pregunta cambiamos de It is a big house. Is it a big house?
Es una casa grande. Es una casa grande?
Question Are You happy? We are ready. Are we ready?
Eres feliz?
Estamos listos. Estamos listos?
be You are doctors. Are you doctors?
Pregunta Subject
Verb Ustedes son doctores. Ustedes son doctores?
They are rich. Are they rich?
Ellos son ricos. Ellos son ricos?

Exercises Name:_____________________________________________ Class:______

Ejercicios Nombre Clase o
Grupo

1.- Complete each sentence and their correct contractions, finally turn
the Affirmative sentences into questions.
Completa cada frase y sus contracciones, finalmente convierte las frases afirmativas en preguntas

Affirmative Negative
Affirmative Negative Question
Contraction Contraction
I ________ a
lawyer. I ________ a ________ a ________ a
_______ a lawyer.
Yo un lawyer. lawyer. lawyer?
abogado.
You _____ my
sister. _______ my You _____ my ________ my ________ my
T mi sister. sister. sister. sister?
hermana.
He ______ a
Judge. He _______ a
_______ a Judge. ________ a Judge. ________ a Judge?
l un Judge.
Juez.
She _____ my She ______ my ________ my ________ my
aunt. _______ my aunt.
aunt. aunt. aunt?
Ella mi ta.
It _____ mine. _______ mine. It ________ mine. ________ mine. ________ mine?
Es mo.
We ______
enemies. ________ We ______ ________ ________
Nosotros enemies. enemies. enemies. enemies?
enemigos.
You _____
soldiers. You ______ ________
________ soldiers. ________ soldiers.
Ustedes soldiers. soldiers?
soldados.
They ______ They _______
_________ shoes. _________ shoes. _________ shoes?
shoes. shoes.
Definite, Indefinite and No Article
Lesson 3 Artculos Definidos, Indefinidos y Sin Articulo
Leccin 3

The Indefinite Article a and an

El artculo indefinido a y an

We use a/an with:

Usamos a/an cuando:

1.- Singular nouns and the first time we refer to a person, animal or
thing.
Sustantivos Singulares y la primera vez que nos referimos a una persona, animal o cosa.
a child an elephant
un nio un elefante
an architect a television
un arquitecto una televisin
2. We don't use a/an with possessive pronouns, demonstratives or
cardinal numbers.
Nosotros NO usamos a/an con pronombres posesivos o demostrativos ni con nmeros
cardinales.
My shirt is dirty. This car is expensive.
Mi playera est sucia. Este automvil es caro.
One person is in the The second player is from
reception. Mexico.
Una persona est en la recepcin. El segundo jugador es de Mxico.
3. We use ONE (or more) instead of a/an when the number is
important.
Usamos Uno o ms en lugar de a/an cuando el nmero es importante.
There is only one exit from the airport.
Hay solamente una salida del aeropuerto.

What is the difference between a and an?

Cul es la diferencia entre a y an?

a is used when the next word begins with a consonant sound (b, c,
d, f, g, h, j, k etc).
La a se usa cuando la siguiente palabra empieza con el sonido de una consonante.
a book a table
un libro una mesa.
a clock a university (because the beginning of university
un reloj sounds like YOU-niversity)
una universidad (porque el inicio de university suena como YOU-
niversity)
an is used when the next word begins with a vowel sound (a, e, i, o,
u).
an se usa cuando la siguiente palabra empieza con el sonido de una vocal.
 an apple an elephant
una manzana un elefante
an an hour (because the H is silent)
una hora (porque la H es muda)
umbrella
una sombrilla

Definite, Indefinite and No Article

Lesson 3 Artculos Definidos, Indefinidos y Sin Articulo
Leccin 3

The Definite Article the

El artculo definido the

We use the with:

Usamos the con:

1. A singular or plural noun when it is clear/obvious which person or

thing we are talking about.
Con un sustantivo plural o singular cuando est claro u obvio de que persona o cosa estamos
hablando.
There is a lamp in my bedroom. (we mention the lamp for the
first time)
Hay una lmpara en mi habitacin. (Mencionamos the lamp por primera ocasin)
The lamp is next to the desk.
La lmpara est a lado del escritorio.
2. Anything which we identify immediately.
Con cualquier cosa que identifiquemos de inmediato.
We watched the new Brad Pitt movie last night.
Vimos la nueva pelcula de Brad Pitt anoche.
3. Musical instruments (the violin, the guitar, the drums, the flute).
Instrumentos musicales (el violn, la guitarra, los tambores, la flauta)
She plays the piano.
Ella toca el piano.
4. Something that is unique or there is only one.
Algo que es nico o solo hay uno.
The sun
El sol
The moon
La luna
The internet
El internet
5. Names of rivers, seas, oceans, mountain ranges and deserts
(always in capitals).
Nombres de ros, ocanos, montaas, desiertos (siempre en maysculas)
 The Sonora Desert
The Pacific Ocean
The Andes
The Zahuapan River
6. Directions (cardinal points).
Direcciones (puntos cardinales)
the north the south
el norte el sur
the east the west
el este el oeste

Definite, Indefinite and No Article

Lesson 3 Artculos Definidos, Indefinidos y Sin Articulo
Leccin 3

No Article
Sin artculo

We use no article with:

No usamos artculo con:

1. When we refer to general ideas, plurals or uncountable nouns we do

not use the.
Cuando nos referimos a ideas generales, plurales o sustantivos no-contables, no usamos the.
Religion is an important issue. (NOT - The religion is an
important issue)
La religin es un importante problema.
Mexican food is spicy. (NOT - The Mexican food is spicy).
La comida Mexicana es picante.
2. Names of people, books and plays (unless it is part of the title)
Nombres de personas, libros y obras (a menos que sea parte del ttulo)
I have read Romeo and Juliet.
Yo he ledo Romeo y Julieta.
3. Towns, cities, states and countries.
Pueblos, ciudades, estados y pases.
Totolac Town Morelia
New Orleans China
Exceptions The USA, The UK, The Netherlands, The Czech Republic,
The Philippines.
Excepciones Los Estados Unidos, El Reino Unido, Los Paises bajos, La Republica Checa, Las
Filipinas
4. Lakes, single islands, continents or mountains.
Lagos, Islas nicas, continentes o montaas.
Lake Tequesquitengo Cuba
Asia Mt Everest
 5. Planets.
Planetas.
Mars Earth
Saturn Jupiter
6. Sports or Games.
Deportes o Juegos
soccer tennis
monopoly jenga
7. Meals.
Comidas.
dinner lunch
breakfast supper

Lesson 3
Leccin 3
Definite, Indefinite and No Article
Artculos Definidos, Indefinidos y Sin Articulo

Write a, an, the or --- (for no article)

in each blank below.
Escribe a, an, the o --- (sin artculo) en cada espacio en blanco a continuacin.

Exercises Name:_____________________________________________ Class:______

Ejercicios Nombre Clase o
Grupo

1. I have ___ two sisters and ___ brother. My brother has ___ son. That makes
me ___ uncle.
Tengo dos hermanas y un hermano. Mi hermano tiene un hijo. Eso me hace un tio.
2. Would you like ___ orange? Or would you prefer ___ banana? We also have
___ strawberries.
Quieres una naranja? O prefieres una banana? Tambin tenemos fresas!
3. Does anyone have ___ cell phone? I need to make ___ emergency phone
call.
Alguien tiene un celular? Necesito hacer una llamada de emergencia.
4. Luis doesn't own ___ car. He rides ___ motorcycle to work.
Luis no tiene carro. l maneja una motocicleta al trabajo.
5. Today, you ate ___ ice cream cone, ___ piece of pizza, ___ burrito and ___
doughnuts. That's not exactly ___ healthy diet.
Hoy comiste un cono de helado, un pedazo de pizza, un burrito y rosquillas. No es exactamente una
dieta saludable.
6. Let's go see ___ movie. There's ____ adventure film that I have really been
wanting to see.
Vamos a ver una pelcula. Hay un filme de aventuras que realmente he estado esperando ver.
7. Is there ____ Internet cafe around here? I need to send ____ important
email.
Hay algn caf internet por aqu? Necesito mandar un correo importante.
8. Instead of making ___ traditional turkey for Thanksgiving dinner, she baked
____ enormous chicken. En lugar de preparar un tradicional pavo para .a cena de Da de Gracias,
ella horneo un enorme pollo.
9. It looks like it is going to be ___ rainy day. You should take ____ umbrella.
Parece que va a ser un da lluvioso. Deberas llevar su paraguas.
10. Pedro and Nancy took ____ amazing vacation to Switzerland last year.
They even climbed ___ mountain near Lucerne.
Pedro y Nancy tomaron unas vacaciones sorprendentes en suiza el ao pasado. Incluso escalaron un
monte cerca de Lucerna.
11. Julio bought ___ new car last week. Unfortunately, ____ car broke down
after just two days.
Julio compro un automvil nuevo la semana pasada, Desafortunadamente el carro se descompuso
despus de solo dos das.
12. They are building ___ new mall downtown. I heard that ____ mall will
house ___ movie theater, ____ great restaurants, and ___ ice skating rink.
Estn construyendo una nueva plaza comercial en el centro. Escuche que la plaza albergara una sala
de cine, grandiosos restaurantes, y una pista de patinaje sobre hielo.
13. We went to ___ awful party last night. Ugh, ____ music was bad, ____
people were boring, and ____ food was terrible. I had ___ terrible time.
Fuimos a una fiesta horrible la noche pasada. Guacala! La msica estaba mala, la gente estaba
aburrida, y la comida estaba terrible, Me la pase bastante mal!
14. I have ____ awesome recipe for chocolate cake. My grandmother gave me
_____ recipe, and it goes great with ____ big scoop of ____ vanilla ice cream.
Tengo una asombrosa receta de pastel de chocolate. Mi abuela me la dio, y va muy bien con una gran
cucharada de helado de vainilla
15. Our teacher gave us ____ test today. It was ____ really hard test. There
were ____ questions on there which I didn't even understand.
Nuestro maestro nos dio un test hoy, Era un test realmente difcil. Haba preguntas en el, que yo ni
siquiera entend.

Simple Present
Lesson 4 Presente Simple
Leccin 4

The Simple Present tense is used to

describe an action that is regular, true or
normal.
El Presente Simple se usa para describir una accin que pasa con regularidad, que es verdadera o
normal.

We can form the simple present sentenses helping us with the next
structure.
Podemos formar las frases en Presente Simple ayudndonos con la siguiente estructura.

Subject Verb Rest of the

Puede ser Nombre propio, persona o cualquier Verbo sentence
personal pronoun
 Resto de la oracin.

We use the Simple Present sentense:

Usamos las frases en Presente simple:

1. For repeated or regular actions in the present time period.

Para acciones regulares o repetitivas en el periodo de tiempo presente.
I take the bus to the school.
Yo tomo el camin hacia la escuela.
The train to Chihuahua leaves every two hours.
El tren a Chihuahua parte cada dos horas.
Mario sleeps 10 hours every night during the vacations.
Mario duerme diez horas todas las noches durante las vacaciones.
2. For facts.
Para hechos.
The President of The USA lives in Washington.
El presidente de Los Estados Unidos vive en Washington.
A Spider has eight legs.
Una araa tiene ocho patas.
We come from Egypt.
Nosotros venimos de Egipto.
3. For habits
Para hbitos.
I get up early every tuesday.
Yo me levanto temprano todos los martes.
Carol brushes her teeth twice a day.
Carol se cepilla los dientes dos veces al dia.
They travel to their country house every weekend.
Ellos viajan a su casa de campo cada semana.
4. For things that are always / generally true.
Para cosas que son siempre o generalmente verdad.
It rains a lot in autumn.
Llueve mucho en otoo.
The Queen of England lives in Buckingham Palace.
La Reina de Inglaterra vive en el palacio de Buckingham.
They speak english at school.
Ellos hablan ingls en la escuela.

Lesson 4 Simple Present

Leccin 4 Presente Simple

Usually, In the third singular person we add

'S' to the verb.
Generalmente, en el singular de las terceras personas
agregamos s al verbo.

Subject Example Verbs: speak / Rest of the sentence

need Resto de la oracin.
 Verbos de ejemplo: hablar /
necesitar

I 1ra Persona Singular

speak
hablo
You 2 da
Persona Singular y hablas english at school.
Plural Ingles en la escuela.
We 1ra Persona Plural hablamos
They 3ra Persona Plural hablan

He 3ra Persona Singular

needs
necesita help at school.
She 3 Persona Singular
ra necesita Ayuda en la escuela.
It 3ra Persona Singular necesita
1. For verbs that end in -O, -CH, -SH, -SS, -X, or -Z we add -ES.
Para los verbos que terminan en o, -ch, -sh, -ss, -x, o z agregamos es.
go goes catch catches
wash washes Kiss kisses
Fix fixes Buzz buzzes
2. For verbs that end in a consonant + Y, we remove the Y and add
-IES.
Para los verbos que terminan en consonante + y, quitamos la y para agregar ies.
marry marries carry carries
study studies worry worries
3. For verbs that end in a vowel + Y, we just add -S.
Para los verbos que terminan en vocal + y, simplemente agregamos s.
play plays enjoy enjoys
pay pays say says

Remember that we dont use simple

present to talk about whats happening
right now.
Recuerda que no usamos el simple present para hablar acerca de lo
que est sucediendo en este momento.
Lesson 4
Leccin 4

Simple Present
Presente Simple
Negative Sentences in the Simple Present Tense
Frases de negacin en el Presente Simple.

To make a negative sentence in simple present we normally use Don't

or Doesn't with all verbs EXCEPT To Be verb and Modal verbs (can,
might, should etc.).
Para hacer la negacin en presente simple normalmente usamos Dont o Doesnt con todos los
verbos excepto el verbo To Be y los verbos modal. (poder, podra, debera etc.)

Negative Contractions
Contracciones Negativas

Do not = Dont In this case do and does works as an auxiliar and not as
Does = Does a verb do.
En este caso do y does funcionan como auxiliar no como verbo hacer.
not nt

We can form negative sentenses helping us with the next structure.

Podemos formar frases de negacin ayudndonos con la siguiente estructura.

Subject Dont / Rest of the

Puede ser Nombre propio, persona o cualquier Verb
personal pronoun Doesnt sentence
I / You / We / They Dont
cook lamb
He / She / It Doesnt

Questions in the Simple Present Tense

Preguntas en el presente simple.

To make a question in Simple Present we normally use Do or Does. It

has no translation in Spanish though it is essential to show we are
making a question. It is normally put at the beginning of the question.
Para hacer preguntas en presente simple normalmente usamos do y does. No tiene una
traduccin literal aunque es esencial para mostrar que estamos preguntando. Se pone normalmente
al inicio de la pregunta.

Subject Rest of the

Do / Does Puede ser Nombre propio, persona o cualquier personal Verb
pronoun sentence
Do I / You / We / They Rock &
like
Does He / She / It Roll?
 Lesson 4 Simple Present
Leccin 4 Presente Simple

Short Answers with Do and Does

Respuestas cortas con do y does

In questions that use do or does it is

possible to give short answers to direct questions as follows:
En preguntas donde se use do o does es posible dar respuestas cortas a preguntas directas
como a continuacin.

Questions Short Answer Short Answer

(affirmative) (negative)
Do you like chocolate? Yes, I do. No, I don't.
Do I need a pencil? Yes, you do. No, you don't.
Do you both like Yes, we do. No, we don't.
chocolate?
Do they like chocolate? Yes, they do. No, they don't.
Does he like chocolate? Yes, he does. No, he doesn't.
Does she like chocolate? Yes, she does. No, she doesn't.
Does it have four wheels? Yes, it does. No, it doesn't.

Exercises Name:_____________________________________________ Class:______

Ejercicios Nombre
1.- Write the verbs in the correct
form
We sometimes ______ books. (read)
Diana ______ to the disco. (go)
It often _____ on Sundays. (Rain)
Pedro and his sister _____ the dishes. (wash) French / John / speak
I always ______ to the school on Monday.
(hurry)
I______ orange juice very much. (like)
Mr. Casimiro ________ English and Chinese
(teach)
The boys always ______ to reggae music.
(listen)
You ______ exerscise every Sunday. (do)
Ofelia never ______ red jeans. (wear)
Clase o Grupo
2.- Write correctly the affirmative
sentence.
My father / make / breakfast / always
Never / She / a letter / Write
clean / they / every weekend / the
bathroom
About / worry / the president /people
His brother / town / leave / rarely
drink / Gaby / coffee / every morning
extra money / Ana and her husband
/always /carry
Daniel / to London / once a year /fly
mix / never / milk and soda / I

2.- Write their afirmatives and negatives, finally turn the Affirmative
sentences into questions.
Affirmative Negative Question
_____________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________?
_
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 Lesson 5 Adjectives
Leccin 5 Adjetivos

An adjective is a word that describes

something (a noun) or someone (a person).
Un adjetivo es una palabra que describe algo (un sustantivo)
o a alguien (una persona).

Adjectives sometimes appear after the verb To Be.

Los Adjetivos en ocasiones aparecen despus del verbo To Be.

Personal Pronoun Verb To Be Adjective

Pronombre Personal Verbo To Be Adjetivo
He is short
They are old

Adjectives sometimes appear before a noun.

Adjective Noun Before adjectives + noun we normally have a
Adjetivo Sustantivo determiner:
red car Antes de los adjetivos + sustantivo normalmente tenemos un
determinador:
long hair a, an, the, my, her, your, her, four, this, those,
some etc.

Sometimes we can use more than one adjective to describe something

(or someone).
En ocasiones podemos usar ms de un adjetivo para describir algo (o a alguien).

What happens if a hat is both old and ugly? Do we say: an ugly old hat or
an old ugly hat?
Qu pasara si un sombrero es viejo y feo? Decimos un feo y viejo sombrero o un viejo y feo sombrero?

an ugly old hat is correct because a certain order for adjectives is

recommended.
un feo y viejo sombrero es la correcta debido a un cierto orden de adjetivos recomendado.

Shap Conditio Colou Patter Materi Purpos Nou

Opinion Size Age Origin
e n r n al e n
sma stripe Italia sleepin
ugly thin dirty old red cotton bag
ll d n g
beautif Frenc weddin dres
--- long --- --- white --- silk
ul h g s
larg ancie
--- --- broken --- --- Greek clay flower vase
e nt

1. Opinion 6. Colour
Generalmente refleja lo que opinamos o pensamos del Muestra el color o color aproximado del
sustantivo. sustantivo.
2. Size 7. Pattern
Con estos indicamos que tan grande o pequeo es el Se enfatiza en el patrn o diseo del sustantivo.
sustantivo.
3. Shape Weight Length 8. Origin
Se refiere a la forma, largo y peso del sustantivo. Nos indica la naturaleza u origen del sustantivo.
4. Condition 9. Material
Refleja una condicin o estado general del sustantivo. Establece el material en el que se elabor el
sustantivo.
5. Age 10. Purpose Qualifier Use
Hace referencia que tan viejo es la persona o Es el para qu se usa? del sustantivo. Y
sustantivo. terminan en ING.

Lesson 5 Adjectives vs. Adverbs

Leccin 5 Adjetivos versus Adverbios

Remember that Adjectives describe nouns.

Recuerda que los Adjetivos describen sustantivos.
My dog is Annoying is an adjective because it describes the
annoying. subject (my dog).
Mi perro es molesto. Molesto es un adjetivo porque describe al subject (mi perro)

Adverbs describe verbs (actions). They give more detail about the
action.
Los adverbios describen verbos (acciones). Dan mayor detalle acerca de la accin.
My grandfather eats Slowly is an adverb because it describes the way my
slowly. grandfather eats.
Mi abuelo come despacio. Despacio es un adverbio porque describe la forma en que come mi abuelo.

Some adverbs are used to modify an adjective, Adverbs that do this are:
Algunos adverbios se usan para modificar un adjetivo, Los adverbios que hacen eso son:
Very, extremely, really, totally, absolutely, quite,
fairly, well.

These are normally placed before the adjective.

Estos normalmente se colocan antes del adjetivo.
She has an absolutely gorgeous ring. The new prototype is very fast.
Ella tiene un anillo absolutamente precioso. El nuevo prototipo es muy rpido.

Types of Adverbs
There are many types of adverbs, such as:
Hay muchos tipos de adverbios, tales como:
Adverbs of Frequency always, Adverbs of Degree very, extremely
sometimes, never, etc.
Adverbs of Manner carefully, slowly Adverbs of Quantity a few, a lot, much
Adverbs of Time and Place here, Adverbs of Attitude fortunately,
yesterday, then apparently, clearly
Adverbs of Relative Time recently,
already, soon

Adverbs are usually placed after the verb:

Los adverbios usualmente se colocan despus del verbo.
He speaks c
 learly.

When there is an object, the adverb is usually placed after the verb +
object:
Cuando hay un objeto, usualmente el adverbio se coloca despus del verbo + el objeto.
I put the vase carefully on
the table.

However, adverbs are never positioned between the verb and the
object.
Sin embargo los adverbios nunca se ponen en medio del verbo y el objeto.
I read quickly the book.
I read the book quickly. (Correct)
(Incorrect)

Sometimes adverbs are placed at the beginning of a sentence.

En ocasiones los adverbios se colocan al inicio de una oracin.
Quickly, I changed my
opinion.
Lesson 5 Possessive
Leccin 5
Adjectives
Adjetivos Posesivos

Possessive Adjectives are used to show

possession or ownership
Los adjetivos posesivos se usan para mostrar posesin o propiedad.

Subjec Possessi
t ve
Examples Examples
Pronou Adjectiv
n es
II have a dog MY MY dog is a husky
YOU have a YOUR notebook is
YOU YOUR
notebook ruined
HE has a 3D printer HIS printer is
HE HIS
amazing
SHE SHE has a dress HER HER dress is tight
IT IT has a screen ITS ITS screen is wide
WE have a meeting OUR meeting is
WE OUR
private
YOU have a club YOUR club is
YOU YOUR
exclusive
THE THEY have a truck THEI THEIR truck is
Y R powerful
NOTE: Always remember that in this case the verb to Have is used
to show possession or a quality.
Siempre recuerda que en este caso el verbo tener se usa para mostrar posesin o una cualidad.

We do not include an S to the adjective when the noun is plural like in

many other languages.
Como en muchos otros idiomas, NO incluimos una s al adjetivo cuando el sustantivo es plural.
Examples:
Our cars are expensive. (Correct) Ours cars are expensive.
(Incorrect)

However, the verb to be that is used needs to be in agreement with

the noun - if the noun is singular then the verb is singular; if the noun is
plural then the verb is plural.
Sin embargo el verbo to be que sea usado deber coincidir con el sustantivo; Si el sustantivo es
singular entonces el verbo es singular, si el sustantivo es plural entonces el verbo tambin.
Examples:
My pen is black. (Singular) My pens are black. (Plural)
Our child is intelligent. (Singular) Our children are intelligent.
(Plural)

Finally, Be careful not to confuse

Finalmente, Ten cuidado de no confundir

ITS = Possessive adjective for It YOUR = Possessive adjective for

You
ITS = A contraction of It is YOURE = A contraction of You
are

Lesson 5 Possessive Pronouns

Leccin 5 Pronombres Posesivos

Possessive pronouns are used in English

to avoid repeating information that is
already clear. In general it makes the
sentence less confusing because the same information is not being
repeated.
Los Pronombres Personales se usan en el idioma ingles para evitar repetir informacin que ya
est clara. En general hacen que la oracin sea menos confusa por qu la misma informacin no
est siendo repetida.
This book is my book, not your book. (Sounds repetitive)
Este libro es mi libro, no tu libro. (Suena repetitivo)
This book is mine, not yours. (Mine and yours are possessive
pronouns)
Este libro es mo, no tuyo. (mine y yours son pronombres posesivos)

Subject Possesive Pronoun Subject Possesive Pronoun

I Mine IT Its
Mio Suyo

YOU Yours YOU (Plural) Yours

Tuyo Suyo

HE His WE Ours
Suyo Nuestro

SHE Hers THEY Theirs

Suyo Suyo
Examples:

Her car is faster than mine.

Su carro es ms rpido que el mo.
(Her car is faster than my car).
Su carro es ms rpido que mi carro.
That food is ours and not theirs.
Esa comida es nuestra y no de ellos.
(That food is our food and not their food).
Esa comida es nuestra comida y no su comida.
I didn't have my umbrella so Marta lent
me hers.
No tena mi sombrilla as que Marta me presto la suya.
(I didn't have my umbrella so Marta lent me her
umbrella).
No tena mi sombrilla as que Marta me presto su sombrilla.

Of yours
It is also very common to say a friend/some friends + of + possessive pronouns.
Tambien es muy comn decir Amigo/Algunos Amigos + de + Pronombre Posesivo.
I saw one of your friends last night. I saw a friend of yours last night.
Vi a uno de tus amigos anoche. Vi a un amigo tuyo anoche.
Both of these sentences are correct and both common in English.
Ambas de estas oraciones estn correctas y ambas son comunes en Ingles.

Yours faithfully - Yours sincerely

Yours is also used in English with faithfully or sincerely at the end of a formal letter
or e-mail. The two common expressions are:
Yours tambin es usado en Ingles con fielmente o sinceramente al final de una carta o correo formal. Las dos
expresiones comunes son:
Yours faithfully (If it someone that you Yours sincerely (If it is someone that
don't know) you know)
Suyo fielmente (Si es alguien que no conoces) Tuyo sinceramente (Si es alguien que si conoces)

Lesson 6 There is There are

Leccin 6
Hay (Singular y Plural)
 We use there is and there are to say that something exists.
Usamos there is y there are para decir que algo existe.

There is + Singular noun There is a pencil on the desk

Afrmative

There Plural noun There are pencils on the

are
+ desk
There is Uncountable There is some milk in the
+ noun fridge

There isnt Singular noun There isnt a candle on the

+ table
Negative

There aren Plural noun There arent candles on the

t
+ table
There isnt Uncountable There isnt any juice in the
+ noun fridge

There arent with ANY

When we want to indicate that a zero quantity of something exists we use
there arent any.
Cuando queremos indicar que cero cantidad de algo existe, usamos there arent any
There arent any people at the party. There arent any tree in my street.
No hay ninguna persona en la fiesta. No hay ningn rbol en mi calle.

We also use this structure with uncountable nouns:

Tambien usamos esta estructura con sustantivos no contables.
There isnt any water in the There isnt any sugar in my
swimming pool. coffee.
No hay agua en la alberca. No hay azcar en mi caf.

To form a question we place is/are before there.

Para formar una pregunta colocamos is/are antes de there.

There is a cat on the roof There are owls on the roof

Question

Is there a cat on the roof? Are there owls on the roof?

Short Yes, there No, there Short Yes, there No, there
answers is isnt answers are arent

Again we use any with plural questions or those which use uncountable
nouns.
De nuevo usamos any con preguntas en plural o con aquellas que usen sustantivos no contables.
Are there any polar bears in Antarctica? Is there any ice-cream in the freezer?
Hay osos polares en la Antrtida? Hay helado en el refrigerador?

How Many with Are There

If we want to find out the number of objects that exist we use How many in
the following form:
Si queremos averiguar el nmero de objetos que existen usamos how many de la siguiente manera:
 How Plural are Compleme
+ + +
many noun there nt
How many horses are there in the How many musicians are there in your
barn? band?
How many cities are there in the west How many Avengers films are there?
coast?

Lesson 6 Demostratives This, That, These,

Leccin 6
Those
Demostrativos this, that, these, those.

This, That, These, Those are called demonstratives and they are used
to show the relative distance between the speaker and the noun and we
can use them on two ways.
A this, that, these, those se les llama demostrativos y se usan para mostrar la distancia relativa
entre el que habla y el sustantivo y podemos usarlos de dos maneras.

We use this (singular) and these (plural) to refer to something that is

here / near.
Usamos this (singular) y these (plural) para referirnos a algo que esta aqu o cerca.
We use that (singular) and those (plural) to refer to something that is
there / far.
Usamos that (singular) y those (plural) para referirnos a algo que esta ah o lejos.

Demostrative Pronoun Function Demostrative Adjective Function

Funcin de Pronombre Demostrativo Funcin de Adjetivo Demostrativo
Demostrative + Verb to be Demostrative + noun
This is my eraser This gathering is interesting
These are our tolos These tools are useless
That is our priest That magazine is really silly
Those are their helmets Those fabrics are non-wovens

You can also use Demonstrative Pronouns by themselves:

Tambien puedes usar Pronombres Demostrativos por si solos:
Did you do that?
I'd like to try these?
Which of those do you
prefer?

Uses in Present and Past This is

If an action is near in time we tend to use The expression this is is commonly used
this / these. when we talk on the phone or you introduce
Si una accin esta cercana en tiempo tendemos a usar people.
this o those La expresin this is es comnmente usada cuando
hablamos por telfono o presentamos a alguien.
If an action has finished or is in the past we
use that / those. Examples:
Si una accin ha finalizado o esta en el pasado (reciente)
usamos that o those
"Hello, this is Peter."
Examples: Bueno.. Habla pedro

This is a good meal. (at the time of eating) Carol, this is my friend Simon. Simon, this is
Esta es una buena comida. (Al momento de estar Carol.
comiendo) Carol el es mi amigo Simon. Simon ella es Carol.

Those girls we met last night were pretty.

(an event that happened in the past)
Esas chicas que conocimos anoche eran bonitas. (Un
evento que paso en el pasado)