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ACI 318-14 Example 002

P-M INTERACTION CHECK FOR COMPRESSION-CONTROLLED RECTANGULAR COLUMN

EXAMPLE DESCRIPTION
The Demand/Capacity ratio for a given axial loading and moment is tested in this
example.

A reinforced concrete column is subjected factored axial load Pu = 398.4 k and

moments Muy = 332 k-ft. This column is reinforced with 4 #9 bars. The total area
of reinforcement is 8.00 in2. The design capacity ratio is checked by hand
calculations and result is compared.

GEOMETRY, PROPERTIES AND LOADING

Pu=398.4 kips

Muy=332k-ft 22"

A A
2.5" 14"

10

Section A-A

Material Properties Section Properties Design Properties

E= 3600 k/in2 b = 14 in fc = 4 k/in2

= 0.2 d = 19.5 in fy = 60 k/in2
G= 1500 k/in2

ACI 318-14 Example 002 - 1

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TECHNICAL FEATURES TESTED

Tied Reinforced Concrete Column Demand/Capacity Ratio

RESULTS COMPARISON
Independent results are hand calculated and compared.

Percent
Output Parameter ETABS Independent Difference
Column Demand/Capacity Ratio 1.000 1.00 0.00%

COMPUTER FILE: ACI 318-14 Ex002

CONCLUSION
The computed results show an exact match with the independent results.

ACI 318-14 Example 002 - 2

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HAND CALCULATION

COLUMN STRENGTH UNDER COMPRESSION CONTROL

fc = 4 ksi fy = 60 ksi
b = 14 inch d = 19.5 inch
Pu = 398.4 kips Mu = 332 k-ft

1) Because e = 10 inch < (2/3)d = 13 inch., assume compression failure. This assumption will be
checked later. Calculate the distance to the neutral axis fro a balanced condition, cb:

Position of neutral axis at balance condition:

87 87
cb = dt = (19.5) = 11.54 inch
87 + f y 87 + 60

2) From the equation of equilibrium:

Pn = Cc + Cs T
where
Cc = 0.85 f c' ab = 0.85 4 14a = 47.6a
( )
Cs = As' f y - 0.85 f c' = 4 ( 60 - 0.85 4 ) = 226.4 kips
Assume compression steels yields, (this assumption will be checked later).
(
T = As f s = 4 f s f s < f y )
Pn = 47.6a + 226.4 - 4 f s (Eqn. 1)

3) Taking moments about As:

a '
Pn =
1
(
Cc d - 2 + Cs d - d )

e'
The plastic centroid is at the center of the section and d " = 8.5 inch
e' = e + d " = 10 + 8.5 = 18.5 inch.
1 a
Pn = 47.6a 19.5 - + 226.4 (19.5 - 2.5 )
18.5 2

ACI 318-14 Example 002 - 3

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Pn = 50.17 a - 1.29a 2 + 208 (Eqn. 2)

4) Assume c = 13.45 inch, which exceed cb (11.54 inch).

a = 0.85 13.45 = 11.43 inch

Substitute in Eqn. 2:
Pn = 50.17 11.43 - 1.29 (11.43) + 208 = 612.9 kips
2

5) Calculate fs from the strain diagram when c = 13.45 inch.

19.5 -13.45
fs = 87 = 39.13 ksi
13.45
s = t = f s Es = 0.00135

6) Substitute a = 13.45 inch and fs = 39.13 ksi in Eqn. 1 to calculate Pn2:

Pn2 = 47.6 (11.43) + 226.4 - 4 ( 39.13) = 613.9 kips
Which is very close to the calculated Pn2 of 612.9 kips (less than 1% difference)
10
M n = Pn e = 612.9 = 510.8 kips-ft
12

7) Check if compression steels yield. From strain diagram,

13.45 - 2.5
s' = ( 0.003) = 0.00244 > y = 0.00207 ksi
13.45
Compression steels yields, as assumed.

8) Calculate ,
dt = d = 19.5 inch, c = 13.45 inch
19.45 -13.45
t (at the tension reinforcement level) = 0.003 = 0.00135
13.45

Since t < 0.002 , then = 0.65

Pn = 0.65 ( 612.9 ) = 398.4 kips

M n = 0.65 ( 510.8 ) = 332 k-ft.

ACI 318-14 Example 002 - 4