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kerosene, candles and batteries are usually more is vital for the success of many small-scale
expensive than modern energy services. businesses. Productivity can be increased by
extending the working day and by mechanisation.
health improvements Inefficient cooking and
heating with biomass fuels causes indoor air improving the environment Direct use of biomass
pollution, which is a significant cause of poor is often very inefficient, causing emissions of toxic
200
More than 90 per cent of Britains gas comes from the
North Sea. Approximately 10 per cent is imported via 150
270
There are two wave power devices operating in the and poultry-litter power. It has been estimated that a
UK, both in Scotland. The total capacity amounts wind farm the size of Dartmoor would be needed to
to 1.25 megawatts. produce the same output as an average conventional
power station.
Wind energy
Scroby Sands, Britains newest (2005) and largest wind
farm, is located on a sand bank 3km off the coast
of Great Yarmouth (Figure 7.27). Its 30 turbines can Figure 7.27 Wind energy locations in the UK
81 mw
present the requirement is 4.3 per
cent but this will rise to 15 per cent
by 2015. Power companies without
renewable sources of energy can Scout Moor,
Rosendale
meet their obligation by buying
North Hoyle 65 mw
credits from other companies 60 mw Coal Clough
that operate renewable energy Llyn Alaw,
9.6 mw
Anglesey
facilities. The credit system has
20.4 mw Scroby
resulted in significant payments from Carno sites
Cemmaesas A and B Sands
conventional power companies to 15.3 mw 30.9 mw 60 mw
green operators. Conventional Llandinam
power companies are also subject to Fullabrook Down,
30.9 mw
a climate change tax. Ilfracombe
66 mw
In 2005 the National Audit Office
estimated that total financial Bears Down, Cornwall
9.6 mw West Hinkley,
assistance to the renewable Little Cheyne Court,
Willerton
energy industry (mainly wind farms) Romney Marsh
33 mw
78 mw
amounted to 700 million a year.
This is expected to rise to 1 billion Key
by 2010.
Under construction or given consent
A recent estimate by the trade Operating
magazine Platts Power UK was
Controversial
that renewable energy capacity
would rise 21-fold between 2005 mw Megawatts
272
Activities
Take it further activity 7.5 on CD-ROM
1 Look at Figure 7.24.
a Explain the composition of Britains energy supply
in 2004.
b Suggest reasons for the changes between 1990
and 2004.
2 Describe the trends shown in Figure 7.25.
SAHARA
fuels have to be imported through
OC
Ni
ge
ga
NIGER
l
BENIN
year. Kerosene lamps, torches and I V O RY GHANA
COAST
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