Hydraulic Jump

Hydraulic Jump is an abrupt increase in depth of rapidly flowing water. Flow at the
jump changes from a supercritical to a subcritical stage with an accompanying loss
of kinetic energy.

A hydraulic jump is the only means by which the depth of flow can change from less
than critical to greater than critical to a uniform channel.

Consider that in a short interval of time, the mass m shown in figure 8-2 moves from
section 1 to section 2. In changing positions, the water losses momentum. The
unbalanced force (F2-F1) must be equal to the rate of change of momentum F

Q 1 1
F2 F 1= (
g A 1 A2 )
Where F1 and F2 is the total hydrostatic pressure acting on areas 1 and 2,
respectively.

Replacing these quantities with F = hA and v= Q/A:

 Q
h2 A2 A 1 h1= ( Q / A 1Q/ A 2 )
g

Q2 1 1
A 2 h2 A1 h1=
(
g A 1 A2 )
For rectangular sections:

q2 d 1 d 2 ( d 1 + d 2 )
=
g 2

d 1=
d2
2 (
1+ 1+
8 q2
g d 23 )
d 2=
d1
2 (
1+ 1+
8 q2
g d 13 )
3
( d2 d 1 )
HL=
4 d1 d2