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Barkhausen noise (BN) was measured in SAE 1020 and 1045 steels with different microstructures. It was found that constituents such
as martensite and ferrite plus pearlite can be identified from their BN signatures and magnetic characterization data (coercivity and
initial permeability). Comparison of the 1020 and 1045 steels suggests that it may be possible to separate ferrite and pearlite, because
the BN burst in pearlite probably occurs for higher fields than in ferrite. The BN analysis, hysteresis, and initial permeability data
indicate that in martensite, the magnetization reversal occurs essentially by domain rotation, thus explaining the distinct martensite
BN signature.
Index Terms Barkhausen noise (BN), hysteresis curve, initial permeability, microstructure, nondestructive testing.
I. I NTRODUCTION TABLE I
C ONSTITUENTS OF SAE 1020 AND 1045 S TEELS (wt%)
Fig. 2. RMS Barkhausen voltage versus magnetic field for the 1045 samples Fig. 5. RMS Barkhausen voltage versus magnetic field for 1020 steels.
for decreasing magnetization.
TABLE II
Fig. 7. SEM image for water-quenched 1045 steels showing martensite.
I NITIAL P ERMEABILITY FOR THE S AMPLES S TUDIED
V. C ONCLUSION
The results help to clarify the relationship between thr
microstructure of steels and magnetic measurements in nonde-
structive testing. Different constituents such as martensite and
ferrite plus pearlite can be identified from their BN signatures
and magnetic measurement data (including coercivity and
initial permeability). Data from the 1045 steels suggests that
it may be possible to separate ferrite and pearlite, because the
BN burst in pearlite probably occurs for higher fields than in
ferrite.
Fig. 8. Microstructure of normalized 1045 steels showing ferrite (white) and
pearlite (black).
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
This work was supported in part by the Brazilian agencies
FAPERGS under Project 1009955, in part by SCIT/RS, and
in part by CNPq under Project 472827/2011-1. The work of
F. P. Missell was supported by CNPq. M. F. de Campos would
like to thank CNPq.
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