234.1 Favset 5 486648 Block qods og the metropolis PUBLIC LIBRARY A] cincurarion neraRrMenT 1 i | REFERENCE coLLEcTION (OF NEGRO LITERATURE JAY) stu street arancn i | new YORK ‘PUBLICATIONS OF THE PHILADELPHIA ANTHROPOLOGICAL SOCIETY Volume IL Black Gads ofthe MetropolisCopyright 1944 Manicure inthe Ustad Sats of America by the Lancer Pros, Ine, Lanter, Pe croiow OF -p mSTORE E4SGGAT ‘ersno asad F FOREWORD “Tus study, the third publication ofthe pm.aoreria axrioro: estes s0ciry, is ao the second auiber of the Brinton Me- hori Series, dedieated tothe memory of the distinguished foal TAmeriesnist” Daniel Garrison Brinton. ty publication hat teem made posible by eontsbutions fom his daughter, Mex Emilia Garrwon Trinwa Grant, and his nephew, the lite De- Christian frinton, and bythe genersty ofthe Delaware Coonty Tutte of Scenes. To all of thee the PmLADELHtA ASTHRORD- toutes soc herewith expresses is sinccte appreciation. "black Gods of the Metropolis a study of five Negro religious cults in the Philadelphia of tory i the reste of the research Sf Arthur Hull Fosse, a member ofthe Society. Himelf partly lf Negro origin, Dr. Fawsct wav endowed for thin study with [ackground, point of view and an entice tothe Bld which could never have been posed by one of exclusively European tradi tion and descent. The Society takes pleasure in presenting this Jmportant contibution to anthropotogial, psychological. and sociological research, PUBLICATION COMMITTEE, 1043 J. Alden Mason W. Norman Brown A. Dring, Hallowell cee) an et aPare Forewono . Prevace vi Neoxo Retcious Cutrs wv ie Unnaw Noset 1 ‘Mr Sst Hoty Citet oF Auteuca, Ne. 13 LUsmap Hous of Pravin ron Aut Prove (BsKor Gmcr) CCarorcit ov Goo (B18ex Jr) ‘Moosist Scrce Teatrtx ov Anenicn Fark Done Prac Mion Movaseece Coueranarive Stowe ‘Wor te Corre Armacr ‘Tre Corr a8 4 Fusenioxas Instrerion ‘Tre Neco Asp Hs RELcioN “Soneaay or Pinooics Avrmices BuauiocearityILLUSTRATIONS “Grace has given God a vacation sor canct) Crosing over Jordan “HLly Ghat speak through me “have manered the economic sition!” (vari oer) e 6 pRorerToF THE (OF HRW YOR 1 NEGRO RELIGIOUS CULTS IN THE URBAN NORTH Hlan.en is not the only “Negro city within a city.” Philadelphia and Chicago both have Negro poplatione which exceed the total figore for such citi ay Omaha and Richmond, Detroit and. Cleveland ate not fr behind. posing the Negro stir ‘They sce ac folk only ata de fine, ‘Their genuine knowledge ofthese people gute Femote Tein anumch of enue, tat the ver of Negros corpo to's ptern long made familar and cbs i wry md in tong They ae sid toe atten happy go ky ale ven tr laughing drinking, wh revenue oben they have {n profound and acemingyumintrrpeed experiences of sligons motional. -Ariong tay people who do not kaw Neos Sery well there ie genera spon that they ate edie Fostd toward he appa of rligon th ret wae. "We sal lve other a cmaderstion 9 the questions i soled inthe general everday living expertencs of thee Nera Fbikand ene ouvevs to thi single religous snp For the ‘mot pat we shall be nterete in ony one paseo he xelgous ie namely, the ffvnce ofthe scaled religions cul the Msc of some Negroes who intabie cern scion of our ‘northern cities. ck “Anyone pang though one of thet distic, spcily at sigh” becomes sae 6 this nftence, The sg te ural ‘aby preaente fequenti” 4 storeone church, probly wih improvued gn: the sound of tmbournes dram, wind and ‘Sotged irene th noi of rear singing a sho ing tnd the dancing shooct."Somecimes the mectng pla isorepreentoun, ud on oeuon the rita aye rie ‘ded’ “The underlying pater ity uniform, However, fd it rqutes tore than & few canal bucestone to detec 12 [BLACK GODS OF THE METROPOLIS 1 pstinct ees wad dt ie po bom oe ct yw aloe net praca peating ‘rin he sey al ae os Sipe wa ae eee ey seal peo Fe eatery ot se pr ee re Ne Sa ya ng ee sa i ig a sand Rego in See raf clan oh et set te eg aa Ee ee Acta coer, rea a, Pra i me MPa a il re of eee te Tie ors meme of arn Jem, ta fete pet Far ee tae ie sf he efi rma a a ei ad oy reac a Une oe arash ie a eo ey Te a ere uth ed Se raat noes oe a ln Ane 2 ee hh reas ofthese Aton ales whose Eo et netics eps [onan nrg An hvng il mat ne tune gone eis rine ct ee ioe Aton eh a oe ea yt et Fn ee te tn hue aah ie ome re, Anata Nag cers of hs at mf oe ie, ie cme er ty coun te Foe some Sew i cee al or ai tt gece ba ae sal ne SSeS See Sa eee ithaca Wotan i fon he soon eT ee es rt [SSS thar un 17 when the Clrian moos aly reached te dein Soe eaten NEGRO RELIGIONS CULTS 3 yeah Neg exper the nied Sa hat ne Are eat ns tae ng Neves ch ear alata wee gonad ae eee eae ne ee a See igee es, dee a 1s Uo hae cans Enea ra’ he Bae ethane awetiee tenes Tak rae ton ten te erin of Nego mae Rec ena ts ntace s Ae cee a once beets ena ae Se rere a aoe me Me Sg ate ne onda ae eae wl srt ae sv ae ie pet tha ce a a ree Sere ede te taal arene ton Ati’ s he big were sci ne neta eer ee cot a bat wow pond shin Dose ditions of slavery. ie Se nia a bn o A dnp on a owes te hn in ee earthy onan ne enero, beans de Frc berpebere pee pierce eer Cee a eat ences ae Neier Ceara stout eat sche at Sebo eis ign se ‘black continent.” , promis sig SELF Henao ptiiy ‘ak lino ann de oie ear etehy ae cg, mnt SEINE Spt el a ain ‘nant, Weis "Nepe mpessian a weap mast st a Sho, eee re nen cio suing ne iia as ae Ahan: aaver tal ne tet ees he Mae el ee Soe sting a mara m Ee)by Negro versions of Chistian dogma and ritual he init chat the Afrian influence, or at any rate the influence ofthe old AB (a fnpales, mst definitely be taken Hato acount in any ap prsbal of precutday American Negro religious forms and the Serivadom, "Underving the hfe of the American Negro,” he tmaineins, “ie deep religious bene that but the manifestation eve of asimias deve sat everyrhere im Negro socletes makes the supernarutal a major focus offer" ‘Expaating upon the point, Herskovits continues “The tenabiley of ths poston jx apparent when i considered hhowin'an age marke by hep he Negro has ld fst 9 Be Tid" Relipon vital, meaning, ned wedentandable to the Ngo this county Dorset nt semoed fom ie, but as bee espy negated into thc day round. Tei ease ofthis ied, that eneere sempenision fn tems ofthe spertaral i So neatly nce this underproiged fll nd causes them, 5a ontrstta other underpieilged romps elewbere in the word, (0 erm to teligion rather an fe plial scion oer oat fot ‘hel froraton ‘Whatever dhe remote influences on American Negro religious practices mayo say not have heen, there i qulte general agree fet wath Feaier when he sates “Ie was only with the coming [f the Methods and apie thatthe masses of slaves found a {bean of Chiaaniy that they could make thelr own. “Geran iis that bythe alateenth ceniry few American Ne- io shaves fad fled to come ander he safuence of some Kind St christian religious instruction oul, ys Jouph rune Eaves on Sunday aero, But someting fri ing, the tier nou be gure the eat Su nd ens the Sep Ma be afd The Apa GE he tints rae sn ihe Tes Commandments wee a> Eh A Ra Na aE eet ec moi etal each noes that ied ha poo bot in ceremony afer ceremony =~» Ove ineariae element [Mp 2 PUES Ger Mitte br we sice setae dave a stati er ot ror wee lea strange to he tebovinof [NEGRO RELIGIOUS CULTS 5 tnoght_ Hymns wee ug and pres rte to Heaven, Many Imes read serra tothe ses "Other mar ied minis ‘her pesca theses : Te was not only Proteant denominations, However that were Insramenta in cultivating ehe staves Catholic misioariy aso ere active, although thet activites the Unied States dd not Ian degre compare with thet efforts in atin America” Inthe Hteratere of the cry developnent sf Neg slg rai or Aer tessa eens of dines ver base dogma an! rial. Presimably doctinal dispar ‘nin relatively Tile concern, and resin apis seem to bave teen rare. AU fist the Episcopal and Presbyterian churches, oth inthe Noreh and South, mae flrs to win ovr Negro cone tert tt for evinremn the bul af the Negroes prefered fo | over tothe ape and Method denominations ‘Quenions and disputes did arise, however; but most of the igputatons refered to the sustds of when who wooght fa ‘ne way or another to sake ditinctons bewven Negros and ‘whites inthe place of worship. At the ste tine there de- ‘eloped among many Negro 4 comaiouness of the Mee for {gente expresion im the church dvough” Nogeo lender ‘This the white Teadenhip fegaenly wat teucene to eno 2 althogh it somes happened thatthe white lenders were ‘ing et Ness in etbiing crc of ha there Negro leadership would have am opporeumiy to devel (ouhe fale ee ierinee “The mow important flee of these separa tendencies was {9 estab among Negtos al over the United Snes the habit ‘of worshipping apre Bom other Chriiane Ts a eligi Insuons cslseral withthe white bods But amos exc Jap Hommel Ease. he elon Dept of te Ng in Vi eg. quent i i haem aa ge Erect lane a om ea Are es eS ech, ego Soot ieee ereareaer eee Say eee ec a tre Sip Siam te oe ne pee ta ua Fett pe ar asian antago es Oo‘ ‘BLACK Cons OF THE METROPOLIS bively Negro ln their conponeal sewceure if not in inspiration, developed and fourihed. “The Negro chusch thereby beeame An intument of by. apd for Neyrocs>= “The desire for facersefexpression than was posible in the prevailing white charees, plus an insitence on the par of cet ie Negroes especialy in the North that ehe Christian pos, pty of the universal botberhood of tan must inclade Negroes, Ger ich to foster the separation which began to develop be fen ite and Negro worshippers An addiconal spur to the iedtal“smont complete emancipation of Negro worship fo [Ene ence ws the conflict over slavery whic raged within The white church tel The paradox of a church orm to the point of seh between pinsut of dhe dollar and adherence (0 Ramanitarian principles Gi aot escape the attention of Negro worshippers Whit ith was sorely tried ‘rntlcussly in Philadelphia and other porhem centers, Ne roe ought vgorory against segrezaton in church edifices and faint other forms of racial discrimination, In tumerous in BEDE fhe dferences of the Negro disencers assumed the pro Saunt a reroll. Ow of sich sors fo the Norh and the Per montous sleds engendered among southern whites by the Save controversy together wih the natal inclination of many Negroes to develop independent, came the Negro church 3 Nemow ft today.” Within a pevtod of half a century after the TRhnrican Revolution, great Negro religious denominations, im. uding the Afian Methodist Episcopal, che Alvican Methodist {paca Zion, and the Negro Hapese church, 26 well 38, other {denominations catering to smaller numbers of Negroes, had een ‘seabed 2 Thog the American Negro church represents the one insti sion among Negroes in the United States where we are pritleged to omer the seeds of revolt, 50 inherent inthe instation of ‘nei. te desis nih rat He cindy Se eo ance Se ee ne nono fen ein, Si py eg emi, ee al Ss pion 23 fret (Sieh Tesh sane cmt eed eee decor ee ett Cts wh sn New York Ch, Pia ‘ea he ein cr Ce ea tom ome yo a Sa er Rezaya th Pe we ove amp ne pry oe NEGRO RELIGIOUS CULTS 7 slavery, aking oot and sprouting. Indced, the American Negi Shard viewed bitorely,provdes numerous Vink camps hike Negros capacity oreo Ine enh ny ntl omer wih dri and steal sppests to dingo the ata of many Ne Ghargoets oho formesty were more freed ta the probe twining the old etblshd eores i+ Hourshng con- {tion With the migtion of Negro rom the ral Sotho intan center smb inte be religous ie and 6 tudes alo B obscwable. The chee, once anne qua nom of Inationat le anong American Negroes, doce not‘acape the ie nay of i eer et mpl Smetimes tery cxplcly ave requiring dente pragmatic ne Sty he el neg a i ine arto ve any condo salt eligi pace snd ete aoe “Ae rs Rei point ot “Thee ae indo that see chore i ang amiang Negroes a mtn cures ne hat Is concerning al wit the problems of the mines Saeines it the olin Proetene carey soe {Gers youger denomination, sometines & Catholic congregation nd ones communi chreh To leaders organi a ake fn aggresive social movtrents forthe publican the rar weal Eos in Ncw urtan ani roa center by ouwtanding men who ae fethed and pci i relgisasthoght u well ain economia «ate ta aye i cach orn the eso the whale Negro woring pope tion iaiely sien i Negro if, however, has heen he Sree cli cl nd enon ke the pee ‘Gon one noted this tendency. = Today, Father Divine, Da Stace Modem srt ongreptons of Buck. Js and the Copde Chore, Rave Bren sel tothe church organtdons exiting mong Neg Thei iguenee and each are enor ad signet ape more socily spi tothe ctatinalim abd ther olga ‘Rites of chy ie wed the ardocsnce aod bier sate of Te tre ura tm Png eeeere i eee 2 Journal of Ns atin Alen ‘The ie of cer len ip Rien By Seas meena Spa oeemaee enerIn this wey we sal sujet to scrsiny Sve ofthese sei pope eral as Reece them,Weshall uch upon te ‘rashe fa Ameria, neloding in some iatances tre acer and Teeny of thet founder observe tel orginal forme I witnos thet paces isn ad atempe to achieve het aBjanics | We sail noe some ofthe characteris which dir Tesi them one om snsier and om other denominations Shi iclame rpresnestve of held tie religion” and we echo they fonction A pl Iino erder to note some ofthe questions raised by therm of sects four gst nréhern centers a8 mes Esty oe our general mehosoiogin prcedore in ob ving them crane bo te couse Mean? ‘We ie stscred how ge gop of Nei he Ud stat ftr ving acre the baste tenets of Earopean Chi SSS Mist cactus nf Protea form, bok ay om the elablahed hte Graces co form caches of thet own The eile rom for these seperate tendencies were thee Ttetanee of white Christians t aceepe Negroes inthe alresdy Cabin cries on a plane of eq, ante eae ok epost worships churches where they could fst fee 0 NESS ckemetv along the line which the genera condition tet ves prompted. By the tine of Emancipation numerous denominations ad eed created among the Negros, most of thea duplicating Tn EISL ihe teevalig white pepex Gradually after the Ci We ces denominations grew lage i te and more powert In tei infocace among the Negros Atowt the beginning ofthe evensieth century, pom o- extent withthe indus and economie uphenral Which was Sa ng he me peiod new spe of Nevo chur made Chaleappenabees These more ner represented doctrna op glans alder ished models, ‘These splits took names TEM" "church of Co “Apostle” ae thereby 4 Soon edn + pure 4} Spe pene (ed wc the Hy Spe .NEORO RELIGIOUS CULTS 9 vesting to their sentially Christian o¢ Judaie motivation. ‘Later and farther developments inthe tendency to form splits show pronounced “nationalistic” characters, at's churches ‘which tend to empha the racial qualities ofthe communicants, fometimes almost tothe exclusion of any preocpation withthe Deity, the Chris, of the Trinity TRajmend Jollus Jones has clauifed these cults fn the United ‘sate fll 1. Faith Heating 5 2 Holiness 4 Ielamie ( broader casfiation would be “atonal 5: Spireal* “The five eas incinded in the present study will be found to {all within tht clasifeation with the exception of "spitalia,” swhich I purposely have excladed nt Being not primarily charater- Tak of, ar expec signcane among, the Feligious practices of the Negro people of the United Stat (According tthe Riges ‘of the Negro Year Book, 1937-38, & total of seventen urban ‘pirtalisticchurehes throughout the United States had a mer betsip of les than one thousand) Ta any northern metropoiean aren t wil be posible to di. cover various cxamples of mort of these typer For consider tion in thie volume, I have selected the following cults ‘Mu Sinal Holy Church of America, Ine. (Types 1-2-4)" United House of Prayer for All People (1-2-4) {Church of God (Black Jews) 6-2-1) Moorish Science Temple of America (2) Father Divine Peace Mision Movers (1-2) These particular cults have been selected not only because they Mford am opportunity to observe the range of contemporary cult Dactice among urban Negroes in dhe United States, bur slo be A fein eh aes te ie EE stn mee ate tance onde mii we bate pn ‘heh cans Com tora plo weir) Ct santo Eto Cop Cntontg Fret NEE WM ‘Comyn thor cree tc b mite pega wetapeg, THe Ares ee oe tes Een te Jon castorune for the metropolitan areas refered thee are among the ‘hove inportane and bescknown cul of thir respecte pe, Sndhende among the mow representative, Most of ur data ave ian ‘aken rom ebscrations made in the ety of Philadelphia, bt ia sme instances poalaly i the ese ofthe Father Dh tine Pace Mision Moemen, daa obtained in New York City In clewbere ae included : ‘hough te tendency of Negro religions eats to spread in the Inge nother centers ns been raked during the pst emp 1S pi the agregtemurber of cat embers hee eats Sher mot repent» sendy ge proaion ofthe oa Seg polation to warrant more dan tenative genrlatons {his Tag ust be borne in mind cosanty ina cnsdeaton of the des conned in this stasy. Neverthe, the numberof {ule morshippes fa substantial and appens co be Ince “Theriore it would be x grave am error to dicount he digi ance ofthe presence of the cats a fe would be wo overestimate ict impontance’™ Undoubtediy the cule are abe to shed ht Sh aome ofthe quesons concerning the Nego and Bis religious sthtndes to whieh eerene has alendy been made Tac Henovio apd ask Rae aed the gt of che tmpestion of the Nero toward religion and certain forms Etetgious atitodes, Therefore we shall be Intereed to not ‘Cheer observations ameng thee cul forher santé thelr ‘peculatons Pee ahall of course be interested in the question which Hersko- sia fas evita "Docs comtemporsy elgout practice ao [Negroc inthe United States diclve dente Asean survival Deltie cals under eberestion indiate “Negro form and “Ne- por content inthe prcties now preralent soos em ater ‘Fon american’ or Earopean form and content 3 students Ike Freie nd Win ae inlined to betieve™ “ey Moy a oh eg nao sae ts "ocr le Se seca pee oe Ui al ee uh! egg came ue ue Peete Mra ge ah epee eae ‘Sige cee an cp mde in i 5) yi men ata a ep ne Since Frarice, Par, Wilton, and many others are ofthe opin Jn that Negro religion in Ameria flitle more than an adap tion of European Christianity tothe American Negro’ need to compensate for socal, psi, and economic condensin Amer. fea we shall seruinie the evidence for indications of funcional txpresions (gun “pure” African sureial) destined to tant form cerain socal needs of the American Negro fll. int cu tial seen and inpertves wai ae dered rm thee Finally, borrowing a suggestion from Reid" we shall observe some of the avenues into which there praciiey have been di "ett suming, Red ait that the clo fave the treat ignfeance which their pid and fncrensing spread tn Seba communitie woul seem to indicate Tn obtaining the data willed in thi stu, che autho spent 9 petied of more than two years making scores f sts to the plat Sf worship, as well ax tothe hones of numerous members and leaders of the various cults The stody ses from the obvious disadvanage that in no ease could the author be denied ae 8 tmember of any of the ells under consideration, and conse ‘qundly his approach to members always had to be that of an Ghisider, even in those instances where he was accepted an 2 {rite friend of members and leader a some instances, Beease he War nota member, it has ben Ait alae tthe point of fmpossiy to lear some of the facts which would be desirable in a sdy ofthis kind. Thiet notably true Ia the cae of the Moorish ence “Temple, whose ‘enbes e one aut al oie evento tne whom hey vega as fiends. This clei in reahy a secret ganic tion, whe principles are nt tobe divulged peblcy ani hose eneal purposes, ritual, and intimate practices ovonriy are Shielded from the guze of outiders,partclariy members ofthe white group. have been caretul tn my ‘resent of this cult Tot to tall everthing that has come to my atention because 1 tealize that todo ao would be considered an unpardonable breach of trust agaist members ofthe call wo made me aconidane™ Seas de eee eraIn gener the method of approach to these cults has been 12 ‘ide pac of worship tequenlyencugh o Become acecpted as THEI Siar ara patcpane i the ies. From th point Tea tee poutic to eae cordial relaons wih members se Miekics Ens usualy arco too willing to spend ine with area onder to impress up him the vires of tee parte Inn fors of worth Sore evo ccasins ic was not pomible to take down Yer tat ammtipions of comeatont and. prformancs, since SSP une" under caf where would Have Be ne ee impo tbe ee making obvious notes Where BoP ave given however ie was posible, eller at the se ME worhip of atthe worahippers home or place of oecape ae eo fror taking moter the spt since tal eve a Mores otc ar te product of a single though fe sae groaned conversion with the infrmant oF inform sary ai remains the need for investigations of 4 more eX aa a ants wo will be able im more evained ‘Scrawl the at meters Ment seme moe Faumately withthe group onde ty. Te ing the eseonis and ese Nori of member of ne eas emp has been nade to preserve av neatly a8 Pot ISSUE dunner tad form of the material as presented by Te ‘nia the vroos apes of cult ie ape hve aceced Shiger dogee of development fa the Father Divine FC Mice Movenene than in any ofthe other cults ued re Me Sa gaomendac move extended ceaument. Final, et ithe borne fw mind atthe material and other data amd nally bene a dae noe ltr than the yea 140. Tis sereatie uae some modienons of form, if ot of content Fear ct ne the bepnting ofthe War. Thee change, tere ke Pt be ound wo be mie in veope, equaling ile ee eNicton of the gonerl outline of ths presentation re tng rte ent oP el ce Met a ee St Sera Eee ee Som a a ee Fem As oe ot pc me oN ey Ratt 1 MT. SINAI HOLY CHURCH OF AMERICA, INC. “reemmony OF 5. My wife and I were Bapius. My wife got tale echo the id ‘te wae to get ear to the holy sprit ond so she Jone with ‘Mi Olive Tua put ay a a seep Ngher im Chriiaty than tes This was no s9 good. SoU studied sid interviewed The oly [espe in ere to even tp things. One sing ntend Before ‘fe went ino Mf. Sin she wis always IL "She coulda hane ren,” he alway got very sek wen te wat pregran sd we would line the child and ye would be about to lve So Se was reg fine along about the Ue she went Sato the’ olen crc She owe ahe ar dv to ge ll bu she sald she ad the lines nem ul she was going to ave he faith co Keep her en geting iS ‘MIDs watt ging t have oo doctor the wet pong ono oe Dl, nothing fie hat. And. sre enough the ign goto no esi andthe nly die ake bad we dottor was round Shout the tine to have the Baby, sl she had the babs, and everything wear a pe At fr i at he Jo, Si eu ae {Gano he areen of eof thee al I de pe wt ery thing, bot | got rey to fin Aod L'vst with thea oe ten Jars ecw hy hig wit, Tre rg cn se {or 8 fall month's pay T alway ato doe op on Teen Blick Draught, or something like that. But ten years agp through fh oa of te fh fy ws gute fa i ae Tila tu Got of malicee whe fit OF a hat ne, ed’ asente needed any ever snc > Although the members of the Philsdlphit branch of the Me sina Holy Church frequently refer tot as Ml Sina, the Srvc mane ely Mt i.” The Me, Sit ay Che af Americ, In. compel of may sich braces throughout eUstedSace on ae4 LACK GODS OF THE METROPOLIS Arid el and Tegan churchwork. Soon she Tet the Soo cme to, lp, wee he forded he Mi Se Miulop: Elmira Jefries and numerous elders, preachers, “ ye, medium the Bibl. the Minin crc lose a Ono eo of rea tite ey oe Fe “esti lade nn ie ea Pade Te ecg sors om the ft Hora sr ee ey ae Henne ec SIS aa ce ont ome de ete pene In a ‘oo, however: here are many men in ia places tow te een tel the ee er ame deny fom ak Stat tc meine tans No or Et ee chr, wha now Eat co teem ar ee amen cha a : Vesbyter o an elder who is appointed by the bishop. These eye form wha own a2 boat of pris andthe mrt rm ni eh igh op Robson toe tetitiuat menber chuch has ts own oad of elder, nectar members are Known a roters and te mae tal the member ches ay Pave a anc coupe ote jin together i forlsing pol, Fenew che epee icra leeds, cc, each yar there 8 convo Eenotall anche NT. sINA HOLY catuRcHt 1s ‘While the church is open to ay perion who might wish to join, ‘membership is granted only eo thote who have said the cers ‘ofthe churth the they are wordhy to be elled int the fold. A tentative membership I acknowledged onthe hase of conversion but full membership comes onty alter» period of testing, which is Known as sanctifcation, and an experience, usally speaking in forges, which is the sign that oe hos ben filled withthe Hey Spin "There is no such thing at "bringing a leer” front at ther church: and of eosrve no region is given to past men Uetship in one ofthe orthodox ehurches. Membership must be prsed upon by the elders ofthe chireh, and these sxne elders always reserve the right to abrogate that membership for cause Aer one has become a brother or ster, he may apply to be come a. member of the Preachers Clas.’ Here the neophyte preachers are drilled in Bible lore and sista wisdom zon Ing to the Tight of hones in onder that they iy be able 10 expound holiness wherever they may be sen.” tn Phildelphia {his class meets on Wednesday nights under the divection of Elder Jackin. Usually fs members st in body Gating church services; frequently dey worship in a body. which isto Sy, they ‘wll ise in unison, sing, dance or showt in union, ‘The main fnanding of the church Is though the collection of tithes which are rigidly exacted. In addition there ate name ‘ns collections during the services, including pasing the colle fiom plate and marching tothe ‘able. Ha visiting preacher patcepats in the serves, i is enstomary to "ft 4 special of fering for hi. ‘favorite method of draving members to the clleton table |s for the bthop to march down from the pulpit, through the ‘main body of the church and thence back to the collection ble hich is ae the front of the church Numbers of her followers will march behind he and place their eferings on the table “Thre ia hoard of deacons which accounts for all collections except the ther hich ae acoumted for solely by Bishop Robin ‘on and Eder Jackson. (This refers othe PPiladelpi catch) ‘Goneers and similar ventutes ate also held for the talking of funds "The sacred text the Bible.Ie is necessary fist 9 be converted in order to become a mem ter ofthe church Then one must be sincified or purifed by Ting a oly an evangelical life and Bally one rust be filled th the Holy Spi. ‘Conversan equivalent to conception: the seed. has been im planted, (Ye must be born agnin.’) Sunctfeaion i equivalent eo gestation: i is necesaty cat 2 person be sancied by the ood of the Lamb before he can be ow ito the church.” The proof of a person's rebirth is that he fo lager sin. ‘Gal has ovdained four eypes of human beings 1 The clet-even before they were born, they had been choten by God. 2. The compelledtheie could not help themselves om be ing atved, 3. The swhesoever wil”—these an be sived if they choo 4 The damned there are otdained for Hell |A member must be baptized in the name of the Father, the Soty andthe Holy Ghost "hl Teaing members believe fn apzitual healing. ‘This belie ts eaouraged because i is rooted i ath in God as healer, He Gin however, heal oaly those who have implicit fidh in His eats thertore if thts fe he Least doubt «physician Fetal be eaed ox use made of ordinary remedies, ue ia Stat he hese only through the sprit of God has bea taken ens members hour to refine medicine ort havea physician. Tus taluntg are sins agama the condition of sanctification: fombation adler), ying. sealing, ackbiing, straightening the fir, impure converstion, swearing, paripaton in athletic Ta SRendance at football, Baeball mes, etc, drinking it Siricrnts smoking, pollshing the nails, wearing shore dress “tending motion pictures, chewing gum, gambling in any foro, {iting parks like Coney Tand ot Woodside 6 “Typical Service “The members ae seated inthe meeting Yoom. Inthe absence of the head ofthe church or ber representative there may ot MAY ot ea leader While they walt the group i held together by Or, SINAr HOLY cHtuRcat v common dogg (analy sponta : us); aecompnied by ec Clapping of the hands Waly 9 pane se conpart tie singing. 3s "Aer a song ember wil eit smewhat a follow ‘ul @RISBOY oe present in the Kons Rouse hs igh. ‘The Lard ‘as ey ik amy ie al dring the week wed be a {eok Weel nep er te Lord ad thank Gol tha Hef kee ef ad ae ter hee te ge hy erred he eh" He touchod me with His heli Pow" Since then haseet fad any ore headache or ley inthe worse Pay for esters a Frost Fay ssi ly and snc, ore he Bit eck Say area oy inate ppc near ate ‘When fewor betes intense ine or moe meat ie sionally testify simultaneously. Sometin : pemmy Colloniaia fe Bud ar ait ‘Se tang ning "Tae ey go ‘manner until the preacher arrives. e are in nett ef a de hy ee pens pois of ea wt ee ‘et gin re eect see's tach ay eric wl oh ey Sy lp Ty pease po as "What Tine Ie" She prec hat wee appear Seieioun wea eeee en es se lying gishewne dey, ing ing Tie Belritees gael esata me y tes aa ite “ee ag da teed Sat Sram te conietiiesy as Cine eI Fale pace oa ne ce Haken up by he congregation. tthe preserva darn ‘erty ul pn ot EC seeHead, “Holy Ghost speak through we!” At varlou ces du Meth ston angle menr rs group of members weil He J dtsy and speak in tongues and perhaps dance about ether rere ce hebagh the hal, TC the member Is too violet, cee Sco har hell or oe other members, lest aeted Hen Soca wil nessa er eth genie anontons i ee Cat suiceseahervise fret. Sometimes it neceary (Uefa man cordon around the individual to make sue she ate gee out of hand, The sermon varie in length, ome eee vty ve wenny minute 4 a Rall ow, at ther tint an hor ot moe When the eon eet sa mee tuber an a spoken prayer he preacher may a {lon he ea fe the cou prtormance or ae ay ware soca wo ke up the colon (4 way Be mae Oy one of he hace, ncpping down from the roatum and leading the proces See eer sc Ghuch and down the able to the collection ‘ene Maine ind exhorting snd calling for iberal onto, “Oe Mere merges immediately vnto_anoer. When he role considers thatthe service of which he was the main Scie as bean concluded, she may leave the room of she may sr to the rst and loko ae apoer erie ch sare peopics mecting spre service by one ofthe Cubs {Stem rhytme Ed ArH Hee Sunday Sf the vi he preacher wl tee for seal hous lesbain servis ane condvcted prepa {Gry te communion seme hich ocaeabwt 8 rag Some {see wl pe akan vp it he ineviubleweationa mec. SE She coomary shooting, dancing, and, rarely, coling ane for. Sle sche sme ofces of che heh are setng up eble ckeonmamion erate, At about te odack the Bbop ears erie senice. ‘The ables ae seca acros the font cere "The iso sn che me, facing the comer oe ot ogee side of he ait male and feral elders, Sue etter, deacons, and deaeoneses stand behind er. Mitten bine with the bling of infants and le i cage ae eg pe te ren The Hen rant hex am oe By ome aprons & Pi es yang ome remark calculated to make the ol i gh eI ceremony hat been completed everybody inthe oT Se Sarthe communion table whee grape lee | Der SWAT HOLY cutURcHt » and crackers are served. Various members proced to the table Sand seat themselvey facing the offers, ther ow backs te ‘ongregation. ‘The fist to be served sre the ofcer of the SSutch The ceemeny fe conducted. wth anarng apy. fone group arising quickly fom the tabi o make tos or the text group of communicite. "The choir ithe sto be seve for ithas been singing lusily dering the whole sersie. scam ied by plano, dom, cma nd he conan handy a After the communion service has been ended, there sil re mains the rite of symbolic fot washing. Water sprinked fron AUbasin on the bare foot, nd dried with a towel. Women atcnd ‘women, and men atend men. During tht ceremony, too thete i singing and dancing, bot ie i noticeable by the tine the lost communicants afe having thelt fet washed tha the congregation tas dvindied toa bare handful of people. ‘There is an aorta alr about the church such as one observes ata theate 28 the last few patron staggle out. Memberr ofthe church, however, ate merely leaving temporarily im order to obtain foo and refs ment before the evening service, which will soon follow. Divorce i xboo When a person aks to become member of the church, is ‘marital stats and sex relationships most be rigidly scrutinized “Marriage must be within the group, bat i ane iss maried person before he or she enters the group, he will uot be exluded ‘ven though his spouse docs not choove to enter wich his, Ua marred couple are members of the ent nd for some re fon one of them leaves the group, then the dither member must either leave the cule or separate ftom his spose A remarkable instance of the rgiity of the sex rues is dem: ‘onstrated in the following cave of Elder Z.:* Some yeas befoe Eider 2, joined Me Sinat she had been mariel to 4 man in & alan city. Subsequently the two fad separated. Later. Elder 4. Jeamed from her husband's mother that he had did least his mother was quite certaia of hi death hecase she had nos Seen or heard from him in along time an ltely she had ad » seo {which she saw his corpse. Sometime after thig Eder 2. ond nother man fell in love. Ae dae time both of them were inet "he tage empl a hi ample ty ow tha he dre0 BLACK GODS OF THE METROPOLIS bers of the Methoit church, They mareied and lived “sweetly” opener in thae chirch, ‘Then they came co Philadelphia. FRE they joined: Me Sinat Holy Church, and both Beeame Tilers, Boe one day, a» Elder Z. was walking along che street seein s man om alley ea who bore a striking reemblance wo uw former husband, ler mind was woubled. She was de- (ernie wo make sure on the question, and had che man located, “Then she vite him, Sure enough, i washer former husband. She went thet second husband and confided the facts to him. They aid not hesitate, but approached the elders of thelr church nd the Bahop, with the result the 1 wax decided among them. ihn the two should separate, Both spouses were quick to agree, Hpectuc shough they were gready devoted to each other, they how that they would be commiting intentional adultery i they Niinedsteatat, and this wood exclude them, both from Falven “There mar no question of annulling the former mar Finge because the church doer noe permit divoree. AS a ret TSS auld are fa the church, working iotimately and lovingly ‘ager ue ving separately a Hf they never fad had x moment of lowe sciation, Tin connection wih snatiage practices, the follwing instance ‘a pertncne: An elder in the Philadelphia church anounced that AES co mary a woman who wat 2 member of dhe Baptist Misch He oughta dispensation for this. Te was refused, He Tied che wortan notwitstanding, and was compelled 10 Te ‘ar fomy the board of elder, and subsequently had to drop bis {mentbership in the cult Stet and women mst show no seneiment toward each other ‘unten they plan to mary, Thi applies especially to boys and RY Ga rule has been related beease of the dificalty of Enforcing it) ‘omc ust “ress hoy" dat ithe dreses mot Be severly psa long stockings preferably of cto, amd ack of tein color. Shore dretes are forbidden 5 Meauifeaion of the person is boo. eae nen a sign of holiness ot to wear neckties should acetic be worn i ut eether plain white or Black Speaking in tongues is xen ‘Gee max prove chat he fay bad a supernatural experience (coi pomensn).otherwit he may not become a member. Tre es of baptiom, commomion, and footwashing are ob evel, ndutng semis iru pen hall mene geo fone Simulianeowsy exch peton sy hi Therese various aiven, sch as ub, nines for ring money eye ate wed to fee the poor, to minis lr pbc ool nor ther pth perp ee ae visation commie for attending he sce money o Feng te ic reading spre el memes oemL UNITED HOUSE OF PRAYER FOR ALL PEOPLE Me te date Re anna vs ae ASCH Se” gaan ac Searing rater mccain ite Ween hd dee GeO ebdoteshtiaeres adres 6 ale Se Serra eee Epa Sige Sah Sehgal ath my Moat era front of me" He didst say anybing but rama ie LAGE item gicerc ca Yeah eats i eer cieinera dy aon SSE er cree deat te eR LLG ea ears Ekg tale erste ated wl Setar ile cattaear coe ad" fDael ae ie PRR nes arg See ae Sete aie duet cel eae art When he puts de Grace Magusine on your ch, itis she healing power of he sit. Tock wp Face #7112" Wapeats fs eet ‘Sythe leaf shal be meine. ‘The sae in Revlon 922 The Grace Magic, chat elo she leat that why ican heat anf have wen the all Kinds of slcknese Every book ia he ie tos tcc Sst by Grace. "AM vough the Bible here i Grace you don't elie i Jos ook up Genet eh Toke 210d Te 211, and Ephesians 27-8, tnd Ephednas 47, and all heowgh he Ol and New Testaments Grace ie the pest thing nthe wold today.” Grace wil rng ou throug, ‘The founder of his cut, Bishop Charles Emmanuel Grace, is 4 man of mixed parentage, sid to be Negro and Portuguse Bronze of color, and with fowing hair, he dost tot adic toe ing 4 Negro. Frequently he adopts 4 patonbing atid fo. wards his Negro followers (who in Philadelphia and New York ‘epresent nearly 100 percent of the members) by pointing oat {o them that when he took on earthly fora he chose to lend the Negtoes, lowly in sate though they are rather uhan the members ‘of ome more prsleged rail group. ‘This choreh had its origin In ute South where, according to ‘teports, Grace worked for years a8 2 cook in the rallway service then began preaching In dhe year 1925, “Grace” isan esmed tame. Whether accidentally or by design, the name serves ¢ tueful parpose in the general pte of his feligious teachings ‘Today his ehurches dot the eastern seahoatd ina score, or more of strate spots The organization i fily similar ca that of Mt, Sinai Holy (Church, But there are some marked diferchce. “Although Bufiop Ida Robinson is ates! head of Mt. Sinai by sirte of having een its funder a8 well ae by tradion ll she permits herself to be bound in sme degree by the board of pres bytes. Bishop Grace, on the other hand, i the undated feed ofthe United House of Prayer. No bound of presbyts spats Iie preachers, He reserves thie prerogative to himell: th pr ‘ate hei even known wo boat that he will not have any preacher serve in the United House of Prayer whom he might consider ‘mart enough wo question his undisputed authority ‘The task of the preacher isto arty out the instructions ofthe Dishop, to conduc services and preach, and, perhaps mest important fal. raise money. All money met be try accounted forand retuned to Biop Grace tough hin Washington ofc (On one night ek the preacher permite cai the son Ss conte for hina ‘Theoretically membership smite thore who have had 2 special experience, bur acoaly the Hose of Prayer for All pt ws me impli npn to nyne wh dee ‘Wine special appeals nace member to come fo the cult or Uoremn activ ater they hve Joe are indicted im the est toms of taiousmemivrs which sre inclded im Appendix A During each service there are numerous collections, Ushers who te up thee collections fn small aluminum pans vie, wth Gah other in dei core t rabethe argo amounts They fs Stout the Howe of Prayer calling out "Please pu ome {hingin my pant "Please ell my tu” Some spetal honor fr vor sed au acing on the right side of Daddy Grace when fe eomes to the Tocal Howse of Prayer usually arrucs to the pet ton who colet the Largest sum over a given peiod. “The deine money phaser cae indicated by he fotlowing extracts taken verbatim from he "General Cound Laws of the United Hone of Prayer fr All People" 6. There stall be no oferng taken on the nighe eat Is st apart for Duly Grace Btore heel tothe musa, 11, No pastor i to handle money. ign sal be hung in each houne of prayer t ti ce 2 All pastors mas teach de same, Any wereary of merber ing he pastor money other uote shall Become ert, feat al te oun goiey withthe ptr that hand Hach Rouse mun have's banking amie ad commie tet to pay bil une thee a a'wrten order own Day (Grace foo others 14, ‘The Howe of Prayer in ach state of she United State] boul insane al of tee ins a the bala over feral expente not nore shan one furdo dolas should goto the Hons of Prayer femurs Beseiicy. ‘Thu nmrancpoley must be ten wth {he Famly Add Avscation 19, Ruled bythe executive coon each day and ight daring com sweatgn where the Prophet i ree there shall bea llring aad special sore tahon Foe the congiegaon for te eaten of ‘he goypel This ccalon sui be boost aad made worth wile becaon eich nigh an dy 3, Pastors mst bein knowlege of eeryhing: every Penny raed 1, Each House must have zepreseiatve & man besides the pst to take noe of everything and szompany the paso a the Ue a Skin : 20, All pstrs mu sce toi hat each member pays his convcs ion fea site ale pot on forte upbun of ehe Re dom of Herve and thsi Yo'be put inthe bends our Gener Tatler to build she wit ound 48, II howe of prayer mt ase money ina nied deve to bay aca or or Day Cree." Ese tne mus dots pos 2 Tete a it th onto tay Wl ae a dab cnt nue onthe day spc y Daly Ce [Te cone ie i el ate ne Snwarton Kg: Prins, Guten Prness ond al of the homo ‘Sty oc snd cab of he istey sate wil bee pes Daily Grace he Sop” The tangul wil be hen se eee eps ofthe ling tee ch tong pay ‘Sinan wie wl be nal ner "afoey et nce the cope i fang i be proretDady Cae hh fe ae 4s these extracts inate, dhe members ofthe ult are divided {nto numerous clubs whose ci fnton io ase money whic will be tured over to shop Grace. Ustaly nthe various Houses of prayer there i 4 lage poser on wich its of these clubs ate shown with the amounts of money recenty rsd. ‘Asa meant of string orl rvay, be cena fo te pr pos aiming the tl ih a ap te calecoy forthe leader, equent conte are arranged, tsvally King and Queen conte, in which men and women attempt Yo win the Ihonor of representing the lel house of payer om sme apt cccsion. Here, garied in erfpe paper and tinsel the vito I play he imperil sles ortnaily sce with chasers In tay tlsInstead of ME. Sins one convocation a year Bishop Grace has arranged separate convoctions in diferent sates and Tralities In exh of thee convocation sums of money are raised and ftrmed over tothe Bishop. When al thse distice groups have facts monster convocation ir clled ina elected place, and (9 this represenaives frm all over the Fast and Sous pour in "The sores of contributions from the local coavocaions ate now shigmented by oe ister contribution Known as the natonal fering The seed ext ie the Bible 1m outward form and prettnon the bits and practices are atmos dental wir thre of Me Sina Hely Chuseh. That i fo ay, the ult represents a Christan sect of the hones Pe, ‘eleyng ia conversion, sncifeton, and dhe intervention of the Holy Spite ete There ae the wil taboos. ‘Acai however, the belts boil down to & worship of Daddy Gace,” Cod spp to be all but forgotten. The followers com Cente dir hough on Hisypest an,” Grace. Such line Sf tunking is encouraged by Bilhop Grace and by his preachers Thus Biop Grace has heen end admonish his worship pets [eter mind about Go Sateaton iby Grace ony. Grice Ins given Gala wsation, and sine God son Hs vaca, don't Mord Hin. It yo sa agaist God, Grace an ive yoo, bat i Jou ain aint Grace, Ga. cannot sve ou Scsiptual references bythe dozens, in which the word "gnie appeats ate quoted fo demonsuate that "this man Grace isthe ‘pric of God walking ameng men "The anthropomorphie quality of these beliefs may be readily incrned ins perual of teudmonial material induded inthis Tak Udine ies ior Shcton Im isha sie tee Tree Sai cet foe et fant he Pat Boe UNITED HOUSE OF PRAYER a Typical Service The service sally ogins with unton singing, companied by fa or band "Ten tee i etinony.e singog ‘Bictanded with svetsendclpping sping, and tequen concludes withthe wholemle merace ef @ member of follow: tov advancing to the ont of the suru whee they dance fn the tawdtstcovered foo Guher enters Rit abou singly throng theses and psngewsy. Frou in ote sosneone sil colape and fal prosrste co the oor. the member ea ‘roman, me attempt is made to preven indecene expose by Coverit-her with shawl or Bhnket.Oftentines the leader, tho my be an cider, x site or imply » brother or scr Trl iirrpe hit speaking with ong it order to ive the fl Towers chance to express thence in 8 magne whith ob oul i very sting to them. All the while there i ch Ealing ov in tongues: nich ai to Be the Holy Spi speak ‘ng through the human form be whieh stl pest to be ‘lego monroe olen" "Tns prcher then Tees fromthe Bit, incpolsing remarks. He wil ell na ede co mat withthe teding, td alter cach clase ready the anne he Isl caf ale nepent the dao, and ede ie Unally he ‘Sxpeiton is coetracd with the pit of "Grace in the ves of {he bihop' followers, or with the cardinal sins: fornication, Sshtery. fying. slings and aching, There is 2 Requent Fefeenes (othe desirability of giving up everything needing {il worly poseions, to Daddy Grace. ‘Thit extemporincoct Dreching continues for varying lengths of time, depending om TEs hou ofthe dy or onthe pnctlar nancial eed. At any price tel tobe ted of spl and some pretext found Ter colleing an ofcing The pstor may avdeniy say, et ve walt" and. flowing Rim, the members il tie and walk €o the alar on which a picture of Daddy Grace sands, genet before hy thon faethe he han a ays page, ae which they dep money in seceptcle om the alr” (Uhe sla fe Sjenlyfferred to atthe mowntin') Sach collections ae well ai he tle of maguines and vations commodites, interrupt the Services ado the songs and dancing. In another ses, of curs, theve aval pr of the ice When the proper momene hae eed te inier announces the nex vie, whieh i be intern the day or om the aveceeding dy, ae the format partthe meeting is over. By this dime many of the follower already thve left the auditorium, o are otherwise engaged in various pur salt, suc at selling the Grace Magatine, ating, or talking to fri in de yar ofthe Howe of Prayer Another Typical Service -Approsimaey oe hundred followers, cl women, ae pee ota about 845 san One woman siedy Hes proteome ‘Sind or inthe font of the temples Anatherworan i ‘lncing alone ina Kind of dance indistgsiahable ro the ts fiterbag form." Inthe font of the aultorutn the petre of Iisdy Grae before which members gene and fer prayers Tie ede who stands fn fone calls for 430g which ts oealy in minor key. ‘The bss drummer bests hi dram and begins {0 sing sed by tambovrnes stack by women in wai part he foomone worm dre flushing grimace and {Tuer getcltione bests very weld sth.” Other men and Sfomea cap their bands, while sll other cap two pices of Tod togethers “There ae erie of "Dayton fol w god Sect Dat!” "Come to Daddy "Oh, Dal” Them there are bref tetimoncy, awalyincleding references co carer of ieadache, sata, or Sadiqeion. More singing and dancing Follows.” Women become tonvated, contort theives ever {hough dhe hoe of prayer fal alg im a hexp onthe {ne they tie outstetcheds inert HE they sow 209 ig Of tite wile Hing there someone reey to Cover her cxpoaed pare vith a binket or wrap. Some of them ve snd weep or Timp shoot cxetediy uni shy graially grow calm and Een Spin, “The rtniner continues He exole Daly Grace Sotpr wich he diss wil edoce weight Te has healing pro ‘es lo, he stats,” At that moment very stout woman Be {dis to dance up and down in her places The minder takes 3 Ey of tne Gace Alagatin, which lf ten cent anders itibe'ate, “ar hi magatine,"he eres “on your ches if you fave old or the terse ad you will be uted He abo ‘fr forsale Gospel atoney a vo sce and two envelopes fortive cons Tieaatincry contain tte op the words "Coo Tuas Asnica," and neath these the ciptons "The OK ed Takh of God, the House of Prayer for All People. ish 2:2 Than $6.1; Genes 2616-17. More watnony snd singing fl tows; more tenorks and Bible eteence by the tne, tore Singing an then dmisel “The United House of Prayer for All People has mectings very night and all day Sanday: The distinguishing characteristics of che practices of this cult sare thee cxteme phiieal fenry, and the tse to eich these ‘eases ave applied in rising money for eaeying on thei work “This in one service I head the preacher, who vas expounding tipo the daty of 9 wife to make merifcs for her husband, ure ‘if and remark, "And fou sce why You mast give all you can For {esr Daddy Grace.” Allusions wo sex motives are numerous. th a moment of com patative tranquility, Tea a prencher cll gut to the followers, tho were ciely women, "Who fas the bes thing you eter did see?" mean the hes feting thi you ever did fee? You Teel. ie fram your head to your fect. You don't Lnove what I mean? “Mates yo fect good. Makes everybody fel good. Such slusons like dhe dancing, cnsse werd cries to emanate from varios part of the hotwe of prayer. “Sweet Daddy "Oh, Daddy” "Dandy, you fol 29 good!” “Daddy, Dad Daddy!” are typical expresions Tollowers are encouraged o dance cstatically, but always with members of the time atx. Proquendy the dancer flee the floor and Her there may minutex Im order to break the fll, it's customary to ever the front part of the howe of prayer ih sedi "Throughout the meetings there is 2 constant sucesion of members falling on the floor Someines seats of followers rush {ip tothe front and parsepate in a sot of emotional marathon. ’After a tnember ha fallen and lain prostrate for time, she i tikely to arte seal, weeping profusely and leap about sn ing and dancing through the Bouse of prayer. Gradually she btomes sued, posbly abe sits down on a cae ora bench fin! evenly she reams er aoeaal manner. Soon thereatcr she may be observed lening the place, chatting and laughing with friends a if nothing had happened to her all evening TE Bishop Grace himacll present, many worshippers will march or dance to the fot and grasp his hand. Not infre- ‘dueily the worshipper will place a tll sable denomination {hs palm.” Ofeen the mere touch ofthe leader's hand i sf tent to induce terre contortion of the body or to produce 2 ate akin to catalepy. The Bishop atared me there wae noth0 [BLACK Gos OF THE METROPOLIS ing on his person (ich ata elccc charge to accoane for thi ‘phenomena Heaps ics the scion of the Hey Spin "Wall teething ae happening ce tke o ake col leon invite meters to parca fod tthe ante 01 piace on sale sariows Daddy Grace products which ae an een Et part of the spteal expoation, Thue Daddy Grace sap i leans he by orcs fat, ea, acconding tthe ie Tita need. "Dady Grace writing paper wil atthe wre ompoing 4 goed leer He the foiower seni oF Tuberc teal "The Croce Mogasne will placed on Jou chs, re complete cave Sime Daddy Grace oth pase, ancotinentl ea a ofr mena wom Nir porde (hic oaeanly cane {el the taboo gain benutying the peony fice pode, cold Water sp, neu pwr, shoe pola lemon cream cold cea, [ne soap soning est, cone and palmolive sap, and ete Daddy Grace coke, Tha ali ina home buying nan, ado lntaoe and burying cy Th addition theese nuicows emblems bttoos, bag, ba cis, and filly caborte waovnn with accemoie of sword eto and walking sida who ae vel the tual of funds Employed by the batop in his United Mouse of Payer for All People imenbers ad the dey. "The preachers cold oly ofer one 2 bet {cr wor inte fare that eave He ead his Bite and lested tht th good should have eve ‘ating, that Jen prays forthe contin eof hi anon ant that He hee ton fom en. Bu all the reaers fold do shout it was to promise ae a reward in heaven He couldat unde tan tad cen ey he ews ving with to lows who went wih wo ser who sed spt ha ah eck The ive of thom ed tote te apoy tanty They tasted each other completly. “Then the a spared an ic was cer ears bore he sone ofthe srs bat By ts cine ste set hor man ha Jrned Father Divine st Spl, {8a cventhugh dey were marie hey now Ive septate ec weber They spoke raptrousy about Father Divine. Sing Happy sit ‘routed dite people completely. He had rend some Seportal the Peecitions of Feber Divine Mt Sayville and he nas tapesed by Mitac Be vend He tld them, “Tall Father Divine Tan come ¢ Asses and bce 2 fllwer He was quite are Father Divine wot ao » man, js from what he had read nd heard, especialy since Fiber Divine fare food aed ho snes tel whe gn a c,h ied Father Dine iNew York, and e joints” has mot ned night in seven years ice when he has ben smewtere svete there l'ho 3 Father Sing lappy ye Father Divoe cues May rich people have ben cared by Fathor Divine. Erequenty they get thee coe though they Se thouands of miler aye Bg Besar ear whe fee ‘pen hm by an ec white woman from Calon ho fd tower brace er legs bt ance by Father Divine Sig Happy ty that Faerie rates te Gnd The doce ‘onounc’ them corti" They even plac tects over tele fs ‘They go avny ashore while allot when thoy return the dea re rund ai are up cag Thus hn, the vf of atorey ——_She died jou few ech aga. But she Yetured to Rela Palce to ety She wat ite nt gow an very weak bese tested how te cos pr Sounced her deat and Father Divine same ther inn doc and reat Tif im ber by. Step sa about tow, "Sing Hay ‘at Ret hots only 2 fe ae gong some pholstery and se Wa gute spr "Sing Happy sn hat when Father Divine wat ake to cont few month ago eer udge fied ine to Keep or Barn is ae They fear they ight dire Judge Sth al orm ibe Gecko tetry on 115i Stet. Aer Father Divine Bad gota vere from RE Sopeme Cou ying thas lowers might be rgd foe ude thr new tame one big fat certo Th treet ened {Dreiser them aocithstanding. Father Divine went upto hin an, potning he ager at im, std "You muse obey te Taw. You as "Te de tnlaly Mew eon ing and ie of 00 Ew the wasp going to elute poyple wih ames ke hose THs wen fn fora few mines then he clo had to go ups, Within Aut oar ster his rfl to sear te voters he Had cd oa heat mak ‘Sig Hopey sys Father Divine ues ce of eveything. He ret Lun Swe ple to ep fn hs cae. He os che ‘pro rf than fe drs a weckiegsthem cath ‘Heat thet tes eed al fc for he Te cates {be his ng eves bat i he seal extemions each pron ke ‘Rn por eed ic i cotton cn shan, cent shesine hee ent am ordinary mel tence» chicken dict Sing Hoppy sy tha aha Disne encore yo wank He it gad have you lee our ov money tad fen 5700 Pihis dar Re has you tm fn your mine} fo hm, “He range or Sour tiga to aio cle you hive your aay feo your Ds fae pleural snaps nd od fe pra ‘lg apy mp the wis ave more ears of Bin tan Ne com: He Petting to inelcal Negrete Sear oo, is town wing delgation ore ba i o seg Happy se Hf anyone Sinds any roney itis carne over 10 ‘rather Diins aod then ifno one clan fe Get advered in the [Neg Di) ned Yo provide crn fo For les ‘Sieg Elppy says Fates Divine encorage Pines: HU followers Slag Happy et pope ae lays tog to tram” Father Di, cspeciy yet money, Bvt he own nating, That why he as ‘yin Ne Yok Cy (or nde)”, Hemant fee. {See hours and erenty phe mintey and of coe i he wana euler form Lng ashe wie a he cme se he Tevc not to Brak ie Conssquently he cris cu he awe and rea there whore ther fe pleny to da 5 2 ‘ing Happy mys fiat vo bose 4 member you come to mestings and'make eared Knows You get aeqonisted sd the other rot fines you sod ave achance ste you up HC yu wish, you can ry “A beta of pbltin «snr dion empath reer ata ahead ew Yet Pind PATIIER DIVINE MOVEMENT s 2 petod of living with dhe Brothers een without being 4 member fa fer to te i you ould ike fe and could comma Youre Then if you tke and all gos me, you come brother Ma He ‘Sing Happy uns every once ina while some ssawag gi in. He usualy feats ot hs owa Seordbecae be no permite to ewer ‘drink! smoke, ee have women. and he mine have Hesnlvng hat But src nee to ave Bi oo Sing Happy ‘aye Father Divine tues cvething. Ta order to change Your routine jou mise gt Father Divine permision TH [rmasion Sing Happy would ike to get in oer goto Kingsor, Nev Ver, where wich fly want ota do sme temgrary rl He has asked Tather Disine for permon aint swing hear Sing ory yi ay eo nt en nce Bilin Now York Giy alone."But since seven years ago when he joined Face Dinine he hay not seen & doctor o ken one drop of edie Hs ‘lod is all righ. “He has daly evacaaton His wets sal ght Fe sable oe anything at any tone The ire hisiory of Father Disine before he emerged in Say vill, Long and, is at mich a mystery today a8 teas ht 1992 Ivhen certain resident of Long Island, interested in having itn Incarcerated for invading their hitherto exclusive preincs with his mision, atempted te reconstruct i nthe courtroom. A @ result ofthe prosecution, Supreme Court Justice Lewis J Smith sentenced Father Divine to one year in the Sutolk Coumy Jul, {Long Iand, sd a fine of §500. Three diye later Josie Smith died suddenly and unexpectedly, In the ees ofthe followers of Father Divine his was Speedy substantiation of ther claims that Father Divine GO There sees to be general agreement that he was once known by the name of George Baker (ihough he himself denies ths} that he was born and raised inthe Deep Soa, probably on an Jnl off the cose of South Catlinas that he alas hd 9 Tt for socalled mysticism, which arly in hie career rested in 4 sentence to a chain gong ia Georgia. may have been this ‘experience and others lke i€ whic conditioned his thinking 50 {at in the movement which he heads there hasbeen evolved a plan fora tighteous government” in which there wil be equality forall mankind, with the abolition of such evils a Inch and ‘Fin Grow practices,iy is believed that Father Divine came north by stages, seing for'a vine in Bakinore. ‘There under the name of Major J Devine he opened alion, where he distributed alms co the eel "Te early part of the depresion of dhe thirties found him in Sayles Long bland, where he had opened lodging house and Eiployinent bureaus” From there he transfered the enter of his Scie to Manhattan, ‘The growth of the Father Divine Peace Mision Movement in} New ark City has been one ofthe phenomenal occurrences in the history ofthe Negro in the Nowth.* Inthe metropolis alone there are more thin 3 core of extensions, as the branches ofthe Ihovement ate called. Service are held at one tie or oser ia “IM of these, but iti nthe larger ones, where there are public ‘iditorums hat the ost imporene occurrences ake phe “There are smiar branches in other cities and sates theo fue the Union, ehiey im the Nocth and West, nd even in other pats of the world 1m the Father Divine Peice Minion Movement, Father Divine isthe ongniation. ‘There are no andstant, no assant leaders, no dicector, vice presidents veeslisirmen, oF elders, Whatever directive is car Fat out, no matter where it may be as been wed off asumed. fo have been fsied by Father Divine, “The reason for sich an organizational situation is not far 10 seek. Father Divine ie God. He is everwhere, knows every thing. ses and Beate al things Even though he dwell in New York Cay or Philadelphia decison made bya follower in Cale: fornia could not have materialized independently, Dut rst have tran the rest of spire wirelew recy from Father Divine, Tit onder to perform all the tasks devolving «pon him in the metropolis Faher Divine fr arounded by secretaris, mort of them women, white ot Negro, who wite down every word e tiers and transmit is wither to bis followers near and for. Uhromghout the word Tne question naturally sttes how any concent work i complished i there is no organizational responsi. The fact ‘sh tmf Ntn Pdn tF 1s there i emendos ogaizasonal eponblt: i l w te ‘endows ands forceful at follawes stain thee a ele lors hee auc to he pn of hl eee he is roca! or suet in onder th they may Know whether or not They have need teal. How imately te lender i aoled in every active ofeach rember ofthe cli symbole by Tater Dane sees at the Banque table, known athe Hol Communion, Every idk om whch food paced pera eat once troughs Lae ‘When a pater of ex ito be sent around, Father Divine ples the serge spon the pater wth hs own bande He Places the ade in he taetn of soup he cus the ft lc of {ep th fe la of ate iri he sewing sen int ech eonesince of cea.” He ith pt of ey tivity of the feast. sete ene hi aly hoe a no minis, ely he ars ersin firs who serene ay important or evan ing in the senenl pater Yoh Lary te very een and ‘biglsus peronal secretary of Father Diving, one of te Eater Diiacs wie, known t Mother Divine, earning nen berth th von cna te fret een ne ikelyt find ome member mo sere Tein eh sual wth the Knowledge tnd coment of Father Dives Sich leaerhip not saps acieved ih the exe con sent of father Bae, bees sheng Father Biiee Ged nde sopra and Sle, nevericew a ranch an begin ‘rihoue Me cretion Te tegen happen thn the Bs i Tuton ofa new branch extention foreach Father Ditine aes Tong afer the crcaon har been eublied. Even ats th moment’ towerey, the exenion becomes a mater for bie Consderton sn apron. father Divine my approve or dit Spprove ofthe oratiaten: be may approve oe dayne of TEE iomediate diction of the cxtuatay he may approve ot ‘aggre ofthe content and ctod of iatrwction Sf cod St opersdon. ate the work mecs wih hs ungaifed co lcment tbe no telaton to he an he wil tpt ‘Sen cough fe boa hs names in face he wil npc Be ‘tpidtion for we very tenon that fe dcr ay hie tame. ‘ecnleominn ttt a er de cone a ciel engea vans as a enone Meir tne he taswe a o Fss [BLACK coDS OF THE METROPOLIS Thus, for thousands of bi followers Father Divine is dhe ie sofia at well a Rank arbiter, He mects scores of them daly, rane of his offecs in New York Cy or Philadelphia, but fe {quent too in auuying extensions where he makes ita point t6 Std cour a i were: Rearing requen, complains and grey ‘White much ofthe rouine work must be delegated to sere: tases Father Divine isnot 9 busy or too important 10 give ea considention to what ight seem 4 others he TO Pevarimattns such ava rues at a member to fake 2 ip fom, Pilates to Treqton, of to purchase a new sit of clothes, of ce ginbe ing accommodations. He vsks extensions and ‘Raker naggstions and rte he goes out to the Farms of the Deke Mion, in the “Prombed Land"" and consuls with oF Pethes tose members who have bee fre he enters Tee ition sestzuran or shoeshine parlor, or dress sop, and soays kt crics in terms of bis requirement “The monies ofthe Followers inthis ovement have been ct sme fom afew thousands to several mins, Either Sure Palys cesemes Aer speaking to sores of Divinite, [ening eo handsedsofshem gee publi etimony, apd noting the canter af tat texmony, the authori ofthe opinion chat ea conidrsbie were one might sy uncon, flow {Rl sther Divine which probably exceeds the many wounds Utube followers who might be aserbled i buge convoce oe Tse are chiefly those persons who ae infenced Dy the Tat racers of Father Divine although they do not themes TU Ricr hs dvect and immetite nfuence. Father Divine Tear probaly will never know ofthe actual existence of many tether tet lllowers, yet they come under the influence of the fatter Dae Peace Mision Movement cern = ae ree mabjet to the dpe ofthe leader, Le, inalrectly Bee Tinto bivorgantaioal scheme. f cis re, ee Fone re al his movement on the aococonorlepoltal fre be foes more signet 1c is not easy foram outsider to explain the rules of member. ship.” Unlike the Moorish Science Temple, where membership re etedsutomatieally to any “Asatic™ om dhe bass of ik le ‘ame gent che exe al he at Re Yay 21 e ind within he ul and cera other minor oe fideravons, there so fixed rote for membership i the Father Dine ee Minion Movement.” Nor would ev be mid thatthe rather Sindee ules of membership Which apply to Me Siai Holy Chueh apply hee ee Sing Happy himself member ofthe Father Divine Peace Mision Movement, hat iieted fn his quoted seman the vrayby which one becomet a member ofan extension group He {ef to a tal period followed bythe sxepeance or tjecion of the applicant. This tral ese aight be compared with those sey retereed ton sich groups a Mt Say, but obvouy three nar dees de memberp i he Father DE tine Movement is the reult of judgments by persaa who are the ‘asals of the prospective teu and not by a commie of cle ave thre The ely pon vo shen fakin ihe Mion Movement is Father ‘One fact which make itil 0 spesk with By about membenhip inthis group is hat any peton, whether a tebe ‘ent, sdmited to praccally ese Sconsy ofthe alt "Tn Sikhough T was nota member (m fce In tome respects Ta poten nn nbn of Fuhr Divine eon wen) ered an exesson at Grecnill Farms outst of Kington, New York, where T'was cordially reccved and wat allowed to parte of all she privileges of member (and ofcourse observed Liater which member would be requiel to adhere) The only apparent oiferene in my tettene and tt of members vast Twas required o pay afer of two dolla wack for lod Ing and appweniatly Sten cents neal or my bond. Odes. sie everything wis asottel re: “There appear to be two tper of members. A great many members merely subsribe 0 the belies and practices of the Cale, But otherwie live thelr lives normally ns Cline oF thee communiy. These are commonly kaon brothers and sic The other type of member sens to have gone a sep father He erent he ng fs world compe no longer plans his own He, bux ives ft completely In scondaner TE een aes Die. he's he psa Yoridly goods he diposs of them na thanner speed Teencen him and the lender. He doe not choose Mirown soc tom oF Besinem but place Kimeell atthe diponton of the Father, making himself completly aubjeet t» Father Divines« LACK Gops OF THtK MIETROFOLIS sogeston, instruction, ox command. Literally everthing which ‘aba member ett ihe ren he ith the ent he Wes As Todging snd works whatever personal remuneration he ay ese, come though the action of Father Divine, Sach Member ave se trv angel ofthe eae i Tmnst ephase tat teae sre jodgments formed 26 the 16 sult of conreroions with donens of ivnites fom many walks Stlite Tedoes not answer completely the queson of member Ship, which halve canbe snvvered only aa result ofa rather dong Caprice as member inthe colt. Neither does tally Ime the qucson which i npperbst fhe minds of many Dupe wo Inqute sbowt this movements Where docs Father Bie gt the ounces to carry om is work?" But does fe he moverent poses 3 mean y wc ca fe sclfaupponing pet om the sore of democracy eam give com Ndcabie'Reedon to pecons who wih to be members bot ptr to lve ure te sphere of complet dependence om the Bie 1 have indicated above that the quetion of nance in the rather Divine Pace Mision Movement ir nansverable a he present tine. No collections of any Hind ate ever ken at Fisher Dive Pee Mision Moverent sevice, Undoubey ge sur of money are regired to carry on the work ofthe Thugement, Bu 1 have no information im regard to the source of shee fond he sted tet ofthe Fates Disine Fest Mision Movement sean ib bette ew Dey neki pero ued by aetna, lowers ine aby elo to ti ook ther tse the te when they no opt we ator “Tae ony ine Tevet sw 2 Bible n'a Pexee Mision sng wat Sic Pune Dinine announced tht he fad a i Sere TELTET gin eo tgs ile onder hae any vg pes Ga eke tbe nuiene might el ne home: The Fn cad ght the sens Pre pte utcouages renting the Bible at atements of nea include i tivstay wil reve Some members sap Sa oe i (5 Fruker Divine the Bible, why read 2 Cesan iti, dhe Bible ofthe Pence Mision Movement isthe New Day. ts ‘ead at all meeting Ie omen every spec utered by Fathet Dine, and'maay cher pestnene seer and fs ‘The New Day the ottcome of he Spoken Word, prod whieh appeted fr these tne in 1888, Then i conte at ew pages of pined mater ehiey speeches by Father Divine, dud watering of adverttements: The copy of the New Dey ‘hich I have Bloc me ae wrt contina 192 pages any of {hem fled wi the words and deeds of Pater Divine and Wi snore than 350 adverisements,incloding woe from such well: now commercial ower se. W. Woslworh Companys Lott Gandy Corpora, Pals Brosh Company, Gory Fe se ‘Ten Cent Stores, Daniel Reeve Company, and Lemer Shops Every advertement incr someee wii i tet he a Jnetion: "Pence?" Frequendy there adda, “Tank ou Pater" "A fe healings of specs by Father Divine, and otber data contained In copes of the New Dey ae enlghietng tn regen to the general nature of the content and the philowphy of the |. FATHERS LOVE HAS CAUSED YoU TO Do THINGS ‘TI GOVERNMENT TRIED TO GET YOU TO DO, STOP COM- MITTING Vice AND GRIMHE AND SIN AND DERAUCHERY. OF EVERY KIND IF YOU HAPPEN TO BE A LAW VIOLATOR, A LAW- BREAKER, AND.A PROFANE PERSON, MY SPIRITS MY LOVE, AND MY MIND WILL GO OUT AND GET YOU 3. WHATEVER [D0 AND WHATEVER 1 AM ALLOWING TO. BE DONE, ENDORSEARLE, Fr IS FORTHE BENEETT AND BETTERMENT OF ALL OF YOU ‘The headings w three photostate copies of letters by wat in tusuies to Negroes who had applied for work with these com ems ate indiatve ofthe cals pital orientation | AMERICAN RED CROSS WRITES DOCTOR THAT ONLY Wa CITIZENS ARE ELIGIBLE POR THE DOCTORS FOR-BRITAIN PROJECT.2. U.S NAVY DEPT WRITES APPLICANT SEERING ENLIST” MENT IN NAVAL COMMUNICATION RESERVE THAT Gan = PERSONS. ARE. TAREN ONLY IN THE MESS ATTENDANTS BRANCH OF THE SERVICE 3 CURTISS WRIGHT TECHNICAL INSTITUTE INFORMS APPLICANT. THE AIRCRAFT INDUSTRY WILL NOT EM= PLOY MEMBERS OF THE S0-AND.SO RACE. ‘We have seen how the Moots beieve that Noble Drew Alt wat Alive divineiyinpiedpropiet, and the present Noble Drew ‘Al is the reincarnted form of the prophet: how her followers believe sop ta Robinuon fs ordatned by God: how Prophet Gheny reeeved his mantle dtecty from God fa 2 vision: how Bishop Grace the very “grace” of God sbout which the Seip ber speak ithe Father Divine Peace Mision Movement, Father Divine is God ‘Thi fact ie accepted without question or eal By his followers ‘They belicre this emphatically and unequivocally "There ate no ands o but and this i as much the ese with the mont highly cutored follower as for one who was for ther an ilfeate sate cop “Wha ato ccc ould snytng bappen 1 Father Divine i an unineligile question to any follower in the movement. Nothing eam happen to Father Divine. He will never die: he is Goa. Tei impossible, trough the writen word, to convey the fll ingport ofthis concept. jst as itis imposible to describe the renin which cones Over an outset who Tite to Bighly intiigen; sophisticated, ad clued young follower averting, this face wih’ degre of quiet asurance wih dey the image fton: The bare fact remattar For the followers of Father Dinine, he is Go Father Divine has come inhi present form because the Negro ia one of the Inve of creatures on the earth God refers to ‘ring sation to the lowly. ‘There nan end of prophets” of God. There wil be no more peop beraue God has wesred of the way people om earth Eee epuainted former prophets Therefore. in these latter days, Gea has returned fo the world in penon. Treaven ison earth, Only a select few wil be sve Thee no ore baptias with water.” Now that God has come, baptism ia hs sprit i avaiable to every belive,1 have mastered dhe econo sation! (earn wine) FATHER DIVINE MoveMeNT 6 “The Holy Communion isto be celebrated around the banquet. table, Instead of wine and Bresd, "the abundance of the fall es should be enjoyed, that i all sarees of food and’ non Imoxicating drinks are to be served" 'No follower should veter tothe pastge of time with reference to Father Divine, beease that consiutes interference with hit Dates aed places of past events mit be put out of minds Be: ‘ase they are asiated with hima living and take the mind of mater of the sou Preachers are suspect. Father Divine nevertheless critcires no eedorale ‘The righteous man i the reincarnation ofthe expresions, vee sions, ideas, and opinions of God. The clover 4 man lives to uc ‘angels, the more nearly will he approsch the sppenance of Ged A tre follower of Father Disine will neter die. Death i the las weaknes which the fthfal are to overcome. even thane of great faith il to conquer death, the spirit enters anothet by and continues chart Iie, ines is 2 sgn that you have stayed from the faith which Father Divine requires” Somevhere you have failed w lve ‘rangelically. If you continve in thie way, you wil die, “To receive all posible bling from God, one must give up all in times of doube and trouble, the fitful must think only of Father Divine, "They must a, “Thank you, Father" and then apr hasten ml he ey lo ane le fe ae 2 sa tang ye ata en ee ‘gt int eer so. Tae it nl pnt ni pun en ceyaog pu he he TA he ‘Deltanue sass pear vy a a oe eee he a rs tee cae tite tad we wet Br, pope ‘cnt, lemma a ft fe ep ato ma whipped rem, ee | |« [BLACK GODS OF THE METROPOLIS ‘hey wil arive atthe station of thei dificalis, Throvgh be- Hein Fane Divne ay good wish maybe oaeriied. “rte cg, one tram omy meting eng to pu jude indliging im tguor in any form, sing, oF See ageage mblng plying numbers. racial peje Hae of tay Lind greed Vgotry elahnes, and Mt ater the Pe J npomible fora woman to conceive and havea chil bu if che hasbeen living evangelcaly.sach conception willbe The desl of patual union, In the abunce of proof. would Pe Suaned thatthe birth of child was the result of a violation Of the evangelical code “Typical Service In the aio are mbes of Neon of th ss aa 4 Whining ot wits The mn and women wsaly are 263 TaEPMiaagh ccasonally coupes are Seated togeier, Some WiGhe members are om the pstform in the font ofthe au iitaa aad fom time to tie ope of these are, or a member {Bon the foor meant te pastor and begins fo sing oft ts ae Ae epee mecrng there sno musa acompank sme hough sl thee band of musica nod BE met aophone ad pony 2 singed insoment Pic, Wes nd carom of se neg and he en Perea ne goup. He sek to Father Divine’ Righteous {Gorernent spate ofthe fourteen pas i dhe Righeoes Serene plata. He pine to de laa ha dorm the Seeing plc, which kee ae remade ofthe Righeous Fae re att the placards which decry the ato of ong who accel of prefedize agin Father Dine ae ee which cme up inthe cours, Now he stm ie uch on the Term on the front of which iv eBgraved 2 ere ttnounted wit the kes AD FD, mesning “ANDO Goin eather Divine” “The leader exhorts dhe followers (0 tome up aod expr themeen Vatu memes Teed. Belin? promises profesional people ot poidcian. These Seer Petty of the good lst of Father Divine on the morals eo iar ot members ofthe community. The teiony i Meee trom ime to tne saan individeal in the audience teats Ito song. whlch often leads to dancing. my ay { Suddenly a woman ener the fall sn whispers to someone Father is here” isthe message. A si i noticeable throughs the pte. “Mote "pople ate reaming im Ado na clans a carne, comets take up the song. A gener, Heel ‘expectancy fils the place, with the Horas and drm conerbuting, their pat tothe exctements "There i 4 spontaneous bunt hand-clapping. ‘People ris, wave handkerdvets and chee thet Dine entering the rom, ‘He isan extremely short man, certainly under five eet, and although presmably he has ved many eas his sre and a et are as vigorous and buoyant 282 youth's. His elohes are perfectly tailored, diplaying# subdued Raines and beating no femblance to the ual priely garb. His da Brown, fea, nculy bald i tong and rou. glance at his eyes reveal "tiv htevines anda keen sens of hiro, but should tee be 2 reaon forhis returning the glance, hey scm analy Kee ‘ud penetrating. His powerful Body wat itended fa Hib com Siderbly longer than those on which he moves janmely 4p the tle, making more emphatic the siggesion of rent ponte of sil determination, and command weiten i the firmly modeled Taps and widespread nos He wala bry forward flowed by a corps of erearie, nd select tent a the rear ofthe platform. ‘There he remain for {ime wma equestered. Soom he joins inthe ging. a the fae tine Licks is fe spin the fo, taping his eo fo, and clapping his hands hy. More ttimony aed eae singing follow when middenly Fuer Divine laps, stdes10 ‘he lectern and sys brief word of greeting. Heveaes his teat and the singing and tetinonins continues ‘A short whe afterwards, Father Divine again ries and pro seeds (0 pak.” He announces fe will not do tuck speaking ye but instead he wil tt the pictures do the alkings (le & a service which isto culminate th motion pictures) Thee is fmvch groaning throughout the ball because he ls fot going to Spek M length Soom the movie are sown. There fa Cal dens picture a picture of Roosevelt's hid nsoguar one on the lite of St. Pot, another depicting scenes from the He of ater Divine a one of his farms snd then a india im sly tne of the large corporations ofthe contr. While the movle, ‘Sr Being shown, Father Divine leaves the tom, bt it fmored ‘bat he will eta at might, when there wil be a feat fm the banque hall.“6 [LAGE GODS OF THE METROPOLIS There are no fod taboos. Tonicant are sity Forbidden. : Fae a f nemien of te oppost sex sry forbidden. aan tongues tert but fot cena Tina npg ete ate Wh Rn racial intlerance i siey forbidden, Where a SEO embers lve together, arangeien should be We a cy ea and ep together and ot spate. ade 9 toes shee bli” anole” ae wae eon the term rather expresion” & employe, Bip" wma age, emsequeil there can be no ore Thee Be famed couples who enter the eat divorce i et and wk automaticaly separate whe hey Ace ewer in te cle, theveafer Rate 0 76 iar any member ofthe open 6 rg fo a eel forget al i sve Father Divine and hit ene thas mothe, father ster, brother, wie oF cil se ie ee anew they core to cme with Him dene we Dine An exception made for minor Cale aaa fellow Fatt at be concerned about the rig oft il: ren 8 Pec of nembenbip an the Peace Masion Movement ren of the nor hence be wat net «nc ean Mes able at Roeland Palace, New York Ci sae ne rs followers sent aound the able Te was how he Tere were thous of additonal follower sete he i sutra vo prey even ie oe iene anmwer frm members wu) 2 aed to Hate banquet ble, Yo wil ee “Tevou ate Perea When tae sesage coming, YO Lae fom hey you wl go othe table a «pac wl be Tend for you apres Tgpeemede ie eed te Saher erent pereaegteketantet oer seek cy crane ten one? peat me al eer ei ae ooerieteey deren Skis teeter eo naa SeLicieasbmnee et ee er ayia les ma Fe eee erie eee eae cee ee ee igi aie pepe eee ee ei eter ras TE Mol tli a a oe cat emesis ete Shomer penevu COMPARATIVE STUDY “Tur following onder probably represents the degree of conformity DOF the cults stdied with che more ordiodox evangelical Chritan ‘denominations ‘Mt, Sinai Hy Church ‘United Hse of Prayer for All People ‘Church of God (Blick Jews) Father Divine Peace Masion Moorish Science Temple of America Ae Sinai end United House of Prayer ‘These two cults are considered together because in many Fe spect they are sina, partcalsly with regard to thelr orga {onal forme and eeligiows practices "There it lcle substantial diference in fordamental elit be: seen these two ult ad the ord churches. ‘Thus there i {Thelet in the Holy ‘Trinity although, in the cave of the United House of Prayer Bishop Grace becomes almost a fourch figure Bapeion andthe Holy Commonion are observed: individual paver fea pet of the taal, bot communal praying is more cs Tommy. ae millenial rvsrrecon of all souls ix preached. CChrinfoas and Easter are the dporant regis holiday. Mfrowier words the eel diference betwen worship #0 these ‘ceils and many ofthe orthodex evangelistic chores Ves ia {Re manner ia which the end objec, salvation, is achieved, This lDiretee grater in the frm of service chan ii inthe concept felt Summary Evaluation of Mic Sinai Holy Church CComsomsety wrt Oxtonox EYANEELCAL PATTEM "Gad fous, Haly Ghost, (Devi) ites piss Holy Communion, (washing of 2) Apocalyptic concept oie after det (Heaven snd Hel) Conversion (sneteation and nme ager Shere ext: ibe mn —— weteat Parzeey “Tongues and ober evidences of poenion Dancing fs) anno ing estimonlt daring onary serves Tnsitence on snetetion nd un ex Importance onder sual exPvence Summary Bealuaton of Unit 1) Boaluaton of United Howse of Prayer for All People Coronary witt Orrin Enact Divine Phenomena: Coe Got Jon Hl Gh, (Des ie in Holy Commas cp concept ie a te ene ad Hy Ghversion (ation an {Goes faeticiion vod nal expen) Devinn iow Orton BYANCALCA Ps Importance of leader (paramount) ee General Emphasis: ce 3 “Tonge doer evidences of pomaion ‘Dancing (music) A Money Sing ei tg, Some sen sexs in ph of wor ‘Tatimoie drag cday rece Church of God (Black Jews) ncn rc to ig bc Ch i me proper to clasity it as a modified Jadate for ‘Be fase cet athe Ts tt he Sn ey Te a ee rap Nw Fy 2 He." he allowert rele tobe how ws Catton bec eater evr Bk Joe One "They Se oe a cliaiate ce ae os their Pastover and Purification oud of the Holy Communion, te Pasoier obese Ben“Apocalyptic concept of life after death (Heaven snd Hel) ‘CEnverton (eanerieston and unusual experienc), ‘Steed ous ile evar rom Oxmnocox Evavcrsion. Parr (General Bap “Tongue and other evidence of posenlon sat Pe et ey ora ee La oe pce Peete at 9 Ved a of ee eA sue Cos cece Wlsucaa pone a occ ee cae co see cee Co A Ee ee et Seah ena Hl) Converson (aneteation and wnasal xperene) Sic tet be ee ee ee toni d bate (antacid General Emphasis: z Tega ad oer eine ops into eam) Men ste ieee ee Mon eed twin plac of wont Plies dng cay on Churce of Ged (Black Jeus) In some respects thie cule might be elled Chistian sect, but ix seems tome proper to casly ic a5 a modified Juda form, “The baie sacred text ir the Talmud Dut, in the absence of 2 New Testament in Hebrew, the English New Testament is also ted, However not all the generally accepted Christan tenets ie held. Ths the followers refuse to be known as Christians ‘bu cal themactves Jews or Black Jews (Hebrews). They do not celebrate Chrismas or Eater, but thee Pasover and Puriction tite afe a Kind of combined Chritmas Easter celebration. Tn ‘Head of the Holy Comminion, the Pauover is observed. Bap vir COMPARATIVE STUDY “Tue following oder probably represents the degree of conformity ofthe cults studied with the more orthodox crangeie] Chviian ‘Senominatons! ‘Mt Sinai Holy Church United House of Prayer for All People Church of God (Black Jews) Esther Divine Peace Mision. Moors Science Temple of America : Me Sina and United House of Prayer “These vo cults are considered together becase fn many re spect they at simian paricully wath roar to thee organi: ial and eee pracicas There iste substan diference in fandarental belief be- tween these eno cls andthe orthodox churches.” "THus there I belle in the Holy Trinity although, in the case ofthe United House of Prager, Bishop Crace becomes almost «fourth fur Baptism and she Holy Communion are obsrve: individual prayer fs prt ofthe rita, but communal praying ia more cus {omy The millenia resection of ll soul in preached (Ghritcnas and Easter are the inportat religious holidays. Tn other words, the chit diference between worship In these two cals and many ofthe orthodox evangelistic churches lies i the manner in whith the end objet salvation is achieved. This dierence gestern the fon of service than i i the concept Set Summary Esalaation of Mt. Sinal Holy Church CConronsre wernt Ormonox Rvaserasca, PATE Dae eames: a Jere aly Oho, Dev ics ip: aly Catsunion, (wating of fot)- appearancen Actually, however except forthe recognition given Jesus with featd to is proper eequence the general sceme ‘Mealvinewnfoldment, + closer trtny of this cult sevese that it ‘cpus radialy from orthodox evangelical belie and practice Nae only is Fxther Divine God, but as God he has todd fmamerots practices and dogo inl in some respects a new re ligion har been created. There & no baptism, no washing of feet no chuatening of infants. The Holy Communion exit i fame, bat iso completly diferent from the untal fre oF com pt aso be another rte.” The Bible i rezarded wih reverence, but the New Day kewise becomes a sacred book forall members There i aoe no praying, withthe exception of the stereo. typed expreson, “Thank yom Father!” which one utter when: rer one is prompted to pray. There i no Tife after death for the uve wershiper, becuse for him there ino death. Members ‘who fait to live up to the evangelical demands of the cule, and Aig as reste, return to this ile fo smother bod, and attempt fonce more to live evangelaly, Heaven fx on cath; yt there {Wao an apocalyptic concept of heaven, a8 dived inthe te ‘Bony of member. ‘There Is tacit recognition of the Son and the Holy Ghost (Father Divine is God). Conversion is csental ‘anctieatiom IE anything fr all more essential, while possesion by the Holy Ghost ie sm experience which every true member must have Mad at some time in hia evangelical Ife, Summary Eotaton of the Father Dine Pace Mision CCongonsery wr Oxrnonox Evawceiest, Parzen ‘Gad (ous Holy Ghost Rites Holy Camunton () Suced texts Bible @) fpocaypte concept of heaven) ‘CEeverlon(snetnction tn wus! experienc) Denwanions wow Oxriouox EVANLAL Pare ict Ne tpt Hy Common comply iees fom [Noconept of ie after death, but 3 constant efoto acleve ternal Tie on thi ans Heyes o eh “Thank: our Father the only prayer eed dancing (use) 0 BLACK CONS OF THE METROPOLIS tism, which i a Christian rite, ie included in their holy observ "The Black Jews accord to Jesus am extremely high place in thelr considerition, “The diection of their thinking becomes ‘loudest this point. At one tie they give the impresion of Sahering to the Jodaie monotheistic bella, but again they il Speak ofthe Father, Son, unl Holy Ghost. "They have the apoct Ipptie concept of heaven, but seated of one hexven there are thre. Since ome ofthese ir om the earth, presumably a man i Invheaven while he lives ad goes fo heaven afer he dies. (See individual teimonis in Appendix A) “The method of becoming ane ofthe let i very similar to that of Me Sina’ or the United Home of Prayer. Here too there + Title or no individual praying, The music is much more spon fancous than inte ordinary evangelical church service, and there [Bresuained dancing, The giving of testimonies ding the ey {ee loungaishes the fora of this worship from most ofthe ortho ox evangelical forms. There s rea importance acached to the pet ofthe leader, Prophet Chery Summary Boalution of Church of God (Blick Jens) ‘Gonronsry wi Oxtiooox EVANGELICAL Perr Divine Phenomena ‘Ga, Jno oly Ghox, (Devi) iter Bape [Aporalypie concept of if after death (Heaven and Hel) Chmveron (anciestion sod unusual experienc) ‘Sted exe Bile Importance of leader ‘Ris Purbeaon and Pasover nated of Holy Communion No obcrrancs of Chritnar or Esser “Thice henven| Batting (ersined), (music) ends of men orn i temple scan face ext to pay “Toninonis dang ordinary servis Shnesegreation st wexch plas of worship Father Divine Peace Mision Movement have called this cue “Chrtian eclectic." Te appears to have Christan elements, and at ist glance one is taken in by thee‘couPanaTive suDY ” Seqetion of exe in place of worship ‘Seied ous Hoty Kor of Noble Drew AIL ‘A nummary survey of sinilaities and differences among the calls dseous the follwing Religious Faith ‘Ghriion: Me, Sina, United Howe of Prayer Motte Yadeims Church of Goa [Moslems ooh lence Temple Chron Estee Father Divine Peace Mision Sacred Text ibe: Mt Sinai, United Home of Prayer Father Divine @) Talmud? Che of Go Newey: Father Divine ‘Holy Koren af Nobie Drew Als Moorish Science Tepe Beliefs and Practices ‘Concenion; Me, Sinai, United Huse of Prayer, Church of Cod, Tather Divine Santifeation: Mt, Snai United Hose of Prayer, Church of Ga, Father Divine muna Eeperience: Mt. Simi, United Howse of Prayer, Father Baptom: Mt, Soa, United House of Prayer, Church of God Hy Communion: Me Sn, United House of Payer, Fater Di: eee Sabbeihs Priday: Moorish Science Temple Sturdy: Care of Cad Sundoy, Mt Sina United Hoo of Prayer, Father Divine Days of Worship Sunday, Wednedey, Friday: Mootsh Science Temple ‘Sunday Weneray rida, Saturday Church of Gad Milde: Mec Sad, United Home of Pager. Father Divine Observance of Christin Pestl Daye (Christnas Easter) ‘Me inal, United Home of Fryer Spiritual Healing Me Sin, United Home of Prayer, hutch of God (), Father Di ine, Moorish Science Temple) = n BLACK GoDs OF THE METROPOLIS Tongues) Segregcon of exe fn place of worship and wherever pole ‘Tetons dering obary serves Sacred text New By (ib) -Moorit Science Temple of Americe “The Moorish Science ‘Temple of America explicitly expreses ite voriane with Chriian downs ant neal Allah it God [Jesu irs propre of God, bot be atthe herd tthe Mooeak Fh, inaddiion, Jos ean “As,” esa member of the dasksAinnel group: only by means of 4 deibrste distrcon of the acl bacgwownd of foros was fe posible for Eropene {white to elim hit ar of of hee nt and etablh him {he head of thts chure. (Compare Miers Avatie “Ayana” The wns Chesca ste ave atuant "There no conrerson, ‘Seculfciton or ununal experience Heaven ia gue of the ‘Bind, and Moors Believe tat they make thet own Bese hil fn this orth. Desth 8 nommal phenomenon the har Scheme of thing and t be ake in sede ax 4 tep fn the proces ‘Gt ataining Allah, “These accordingly, a bite ater deh, Sha the relation ofthe prophet Nob Drew Al, mage {Bee ere smo sh one fem this ert“ There ie a4 belt tha the turning point of the preset sytem on earth will be the year 2000," Christmas and Easter ate not celebrated 9 the Chistian elebte the, but there are analogs elebr ‘Wonscommsrncrting the bith and teineamation ofthe prophet. ‘Summary Fosluation of Moorih Science Temple of America CConsonary wrt Onrionox Evanctica Parr “There is practically no conformity exept that for God we may sottitote Alla, and that Jesus is ecognited a prophet of God ‘There alo 2 millenia concept whick follows cesly he pat tern of some evangelical and hotines chusehes, but T Rave no, ‘eal asco is apocalyptic implications, if an. Deviations hon Oxrtonox Rvavextieas PateEae Allah is Ga {eats Alobuamed, Noble Drew Al) is Goes prophet. [ites No bape, Holy Cassuion Holy Day: Fray and not Sunday No anerdon Hessen inte mind (00 bel, ‘Mui very ramen (compare Quaker)couanative stopy 8 Sereation of Sexes in Place of Worship Ne Sica United Hoe of Pre, Father Din @) Dancing rome: Me St, Unie Hoc of Pre, ater Divine Iiekoate (nah har of God [Noten tele ct rempe Mie ‘With ferument Mt Sia, Und House of Pract, Chur of DONE Shin T. Pe dace camer ety owas seus alg Male Heres Worn daring Seoce (Gr of Gat, Mooi cee Temple Worship of Leeder Father Divine and he United ue of Prayer (Ghureh of Godan Moorish Science Tenple revere lenders ant Took up to dam a ropes of Co, Racial Emphasis: Membership ‘Chur of God, Moorish Science Temple Interracial Emphasis; Membership Father Divine Emphais on Name (Church of God, Moor Science Temple Nante of Pace of Worship ‘Ghureh Me. Sis Father Divine Hote of Preyer Chine of Cols United Hone of “Temple! Mocen Sexe Temple oe Nomenclature of Members ‘Brothers and Shere Al Prayer to East during Worship (Ghurch of Gal, Moers Since Temple Enterprises developing out of Community Life of Cults ‘Storer: All exept United House of Prayer Objects for stem place of worship: United Heme of Prayer, Fa ther Divine (eu!) ™ BLACK GoDs OF THE METROPOLIS Limitation of Marriage 2By enfogamy Me Sina United Howe of Prayer (), Chute of “Gots oot Science Tempe Racial Endogamy ‘Cte of God, Moor Since Temple Divorce Taboo: Me. Spa, United House of Prayer, Father Divine Conditional» Chareh of God, Merah Sdance Temple under spe Taboos ‘ator Al Tying: Al Stetig Ath ect! AL Straightening the Flair AI (United House of Pray poly ex coer) Impure conversation: Al Profi AN (Prophet Chery himself exceped) Indulgence in Alte Games: Al ‘tending ges, motion pitt ee A Drinking ioc: All excep the Chureh of God where pracce Is expres encoorged. Dotshng the Nails All except United House of Payer ‘ne of reat names: Chureh of God, Faber Divine, Moorish Se ‘nce Temple ‘Wearing Shor Drses: All hewing gum: Al CGambing AL Eating pork: Church of God, Monish cence Temple Photognpls: Church of Got Marra! Father Divine Divoret: Me Sina, United Hote of Payer, Father Divine Concept of Heaven Fer avey: Me Sin, United House of Prayer On earth: Faber Dine In nnd: Moorish cence Temple Thee aigeent heen: Church of Got Speaking in Tongues ‘Me Sinai, United House of Frayer, Father Divinevit WHY THE CULT ATTRACTS Eee ‘nar it there about the cult which draws toi the thousands of SRS hua rom our large nowthera center? erent re Sere ifferent people are atacted fo 3 cult fF Fees this fac ie retected ina ference in empha Sir a cult ut there is one main attraction which 2 in the arty Gals aking a kind of common bond oN stands out i ire to get lost 10 some supernatural Powe BE cod: the ly spirit or Allah God xh of members of the varios cults) ft be era oe oer compelling factor ree fom pica comet Ces nea Race consiousnes, national, is marked Fer sha, whie in the Father Divine Peace Mision the in eo of he face and ts international implications cours consideration Cre tari of ele! and practic, Te thee of ong oe pe ade che cmapelling personality of dhe leader tse, ms Pe ub, chenthe supernatural Ding, ee Pet son er Taber, selie from phys and mental ness nd ena of a Tppens to he most prominent factors in the Tae aracions which thee cals ave for het evens te often happens that she individual reed unexpetedly cote Peer dramatic experience, a when an il person tothe cat ntacuously beled, Sich person will date Bt is godenly 20 Tate rom tat moment. ‘Thus an ovata rer advent int ns Peace fon tified 9 me: "My woman ae ane or The doctors bad given her up altogether was sick with till with her to Father Divine'’s He healed Let rey nce then my woman and Fave Been me ers 7 gun, when further questioned, referred to Father Divines canna ie pene his wondestul spit of wnley which sae Appetit A 73 ATTRAC n iperiatt in hin mind was he pbirrdeccormen rns “woman” was healed, ee Sy copemon "Neve he ay ene me that se pal anda doaeu eects ae Meier ae platy fo dhe oly” “ily weslly's Gecned ie feof actin te He ec ae wt wiped Dadi Gala ketee ee nia beams ou thea oiaerniions, Toe [W. 6, was impresed by Prope: Chery’ dia of eserthing eos c in of. ning he word “Negra” He de tel He the wa Nea He dice pe (he He Wa HER. tt faith in Chrsanity when b gli: B at ah in Cus when be wa oye aed toe hota gape nel he pay oe Cs HG. mentally sek and his lne In he Me Sant Hoty Garces ST unt X.Y. 2. ss ung fo the SE ISRM eremla.e an oe a igi ser bt he ohn rence Crh tenga fate 1. ened Me Sina Holy Church treaty se lind Mt Soa Holy Church tea i wie had a Spi and be id oe wat 10" take Hs wile In i a Site i orto his ite In bs cons tel ne doped hig sn, Sopne i her int The ag tae ep es Toey she wan STACK GODS OF THE METROPOLIS Fle, Thus abe Became a Diiote, and through ber other mem: es of he amity osed. 6.6. betcv that only shrough Day Grice cou one get into he Ringiom Nataly slo Badly Grace can bea the wc, and ve sgt to he Vind. ‘A woman who has been Houndesing in Christin belt, and be come’ menaly reed ty the parsiore of Ameria Chrisian rscce pial where Negros bre woe, suddenly Tarn of 2 Froup thich can teach her her proper nameShe joins the Moorish Siete Temple ‘The sory unfois in this manner wit the repetition becomes sxerotyped 15 Ts APPEAL DUEFERENE HOSE ORDINARY APPEAL? [Naturally there willbe chore who will ask: But oes this proc es which leas people ino the cule fer esentaly from that ‘Thich arats people tothe more orthodox evangelical churches! Do mot these atecdox churches daw helt members for similar ‘Cersinly the more orthodox cheer do not expicily state their appens in such term ag theses While nich churches p= {cs co Ding thet lowers clove to the Holy Spirit i ttre that we Bind ths procling ation through 2 knowledge of Shes faa dente, a prising cena grace through the hee Inga the body or ind far concrated with the sul), oF trough setting ones personal Busines problems in order. Te should be remembered also that mot of the people whose testimonies have been liza forthe olsrvations and conc Sfons mae inthis anudy Had previously been members of some atthe gore orthodox denowiestons. Thus, among eighteen ‘embers of the United Howse of Prayer who were questioned ‘wih regard to their orginal bees (al eighten had come out Br the Sent), fourteen had bees Bape, two Methods, and ‘nly ewe had never belonged to 4 chusch previously. Most of then ‘had mage ther ennecion with te United House of Proper in Philadephia, A sire of other testimonies substan fits ih example Mays and Nicholion, in their splendid sto in their splendid study of the Negro church, have adeaned fentne wiy Negros fons southera Set ‘rn ek al ope wn hey cone Noho a tothe cites! Theie obuermtone apes fo be borne out {the attraction of the cult. Ket = “ For erample edt tl fe ns st hh ln of Ete cere rama dra rae ‘Therefore he organized a church of his own, Sane Ali: In Detroit 2 pastor ofa hose church told one ofthe writers how fe happened io organi & church ie sated tat he tlhe wis linge umber of southern people whe deaied a chard sia fa ‘ership to chreher in she fal South Aw instr, ta El Uhlig i area church fr thee people Hi expresed the conte on itary Acari Bt, forasy a heh eben inthe Sth, ad gered orl a rego ship bec {lnm te mcs adjunct he den Cart i not abways have the equate spat, imagination and tute fun to make ther feat ho, and ince thes grey sae teas ie doug” Ao ervey wh te or lsd ne tat tht for fry year ea been Tae ta {he roral South“pastr, moderator of comtenions svi aise and 2 big man i his ledger now he wa nny thus into ate ‘fone wey nei i ch nd tor wun lly monopetza that he ould Barly hope to te eset he fnce wat Iti tot to be wondered a hat this man orp “hare This Rouse “Thew ppehologcal factors ate not aly bse flements indicus the ect of gration on the inctease in the ftamberof urban cherches, bot bse So in &consdcraon of the ince of ch mettip inthe hun ara” May member Tic tighardes were the aly sence ns Ss Cure aogier ac htatting o Mays and Nicabo's gue? the lnene of lines groups in northern centers fans tha inthe South from which dhe Negros migted originally. Fis igh ‘beconidered an obvious outcone othe movement of lagcnen ! Mog and Mono 8 2» ‘BLACK GODS OF THE METROPOLIS es of Neots from the Sout t the North; bu hi canot Be {he tundaenea rons nasmoch st the bulk of Negro popu ‘Son wil resides nthe Sth Tes renae tole ht he ingens of lk pain the eige nother center te related i act © {he pelo lctong which re ple, fist in a change fom ito urban lifes ceond inthe adjtstment of ment at Ties (oie inure, pecially with egard othe ahi of met of ‘hdr aces atthe vary betwen the Now and South. The ura He in the South and, relly speaking, oatera. nts Ife an wel ig much tae complied ane nervesacking than fen the North, ‘he Negro, acusomed tothe southern rae se og chy to basen a segregel heme Se a cael few adjunnts to makes fr a8 hs eo ons wth white folk ae concerned nthe Noh much of the old serstomed way of if a Been asauurcts Not only i the este southern Negro enbar BESSY ue prec of hound of "sophiaiated” Negros Taree to Limindew of “bacchome” ways, Dut the infinily We eing problem of making anew ajasment co Ife ab 3 ‘itsvely tre onan and consequently having to meet fee comm econ nad of the patrnaine regards commonly man ote towards Negroes by white people im dhe South) ate more th hea Rep a pe th iy ale he vices of any yous the Sout Pep ome a en re wl cen ttc pope to dates ina theme of aoup ike one of the olinest cls Gad er of eouance rough grace ao snticatio, bd The knowlege tat they wil beaded no ony in dee BOR thao thir customary burdens, but dat tm adion hey eatnereyuipped to measur arte withthe white man, something «tt asp te uth se hy a oe Sap gguttee olefin te owt in sired, ea ofa Giednseng sae! W she nine enn ba Ses eS BY Ela ine tat c=. tn oli as ely Sti ieky Fela te seni ery aed tet EEN ics ince hw ament"=Alion Divx an Joba Dod, Cn i ‘WHY THE CULTS ATTRACT a they sare dreamed of doing previous to their advent ino the Non e < Hire, for example is significant piece of testimony by such 2 cule member in New York hy, wio under great provestion devertheles conquered her impale to Yenc n'a way whieh fo ‘Row of ws would Have been vey natal sd normal am gad to testify to my Father that He has bape me spots and sole dining the week. Tam gad I am Rly and ane, because itTyasn'tEnow the I woul ave fallen down lang before this Tn {eT would Have ben ot of 2 job tis ery week if as hot sant Sed, Bocuse when my Madan canse in the roo abd ia some smitty nay things tome T Rada nnd to el her just whexe she fot ofl and fhe OM Ads had ben in ne ¥ wold ave given tt Wadan onc iin ihe tvs ad in et fs was in my heated not say anything to the woman ut imcrety ld deep doen within ssl, “Swece es ty Wil te Keep te holy and pure. "You hl to die onthe crows sd I know an waa this for Jour tke "And hen Se all ew over and ce thing wa ut Bn = In the Deep South this Negro woman probably would nat have ‘nd sch a mental conic for vince te relons beta the ‘aces do not approximate even the nominal elit of the North, she would have been conditioned prychologicily and emodonally to accep more ready the carping stade of her mire if the question is asked why such a nivdial docs not enter an ortodox evangelical church rather than one of the cults the nae stat in many ese he doe alte Rival with 2 Bap tit oF Methodist group, but in other isances te el foe se sons indie in ths sody s more attractive.” Hee ene i led tobeleve tat for many of thet merry ceain vligius eu in northem tnban eommooniies asi the eanplantedsosthert ‘wonhipper accustomed to the fixed taal moves aod cate {uitemens ofthe South, wo adja his paychologcl and emo {foal reactions to condition inthe Nor, where sl ean he ing are mote Mud sd intermingling of he Tce Invi? ‘The cule communicane feequently remarks, “To belong to this church (or temple) ist go-a ep higher” He sneans that BERRL SORE Soe, Nee oe se |ining set ean aces the unt of al dae Oe i ther won nig healt Me OE sed oe ee emeon wih nel ee a ih angst ah : SE se ee emi dnt im cme iene Aer anv one ae oe Nhe mt eid wi Hy bce ike the univer- gy hn be el en gt rhs ke he a sity it late ‘said to olfer a master's and a doctor's degree in Sa eno To rome one of EC Siete cree al ee Toy a es Rs haven fo many balled ad dion ar a ar acme Neo le hh ci ony neinmtnce wth te eames Aa) oe pant fel ant mre ble ncaa wre ase church attendance, will not bring them to the promised Th de insight the mystery of evangelical re: reve a degre ey of cme ey este at "hang tcl Sh ees encom ofan aS ch nce epee ang et ae ey cone ho tome Mat ang cone sm oer it ey Site he neete as tld sem often abut she ving sae of eGR aR aeh bel seine 2 psn gong teh “eit secu rs itsestety ea Ee pata tant fe women, Oe cals Tom won tg esas Rat at a "i Pots Aeacan New. Sige meni one ee Si sce toa cian brats Srehhcepi eae Sere ibhainnaaygs cheeg se ie he oremcaing Saas WHY THE CULTS ATTRACT ‘e over of Je 0 at the it hae cin, but thw ple rojire something wih is penonaliy move seus Scores of ul member interviewed forth ody manifted ts cope. They renee in he e they are inpreed with the oppoxtonity to sve for the reond degre ofthe Cian lif, stscdcstion Undoube ely im pare beeute opporenity to patcpate in many of the forinal ctv of life which torch the experience of white Amman ted on cued thf becom tensely devoted to thir tlgious pores Eagerly they en: ear to shed alexa preepstons and desires inorder that they may preset themsches before Cad and an sicted and pe Tut even these are wot ye sed. They ate eughe that on a limited number of people on cath wil be saved the Te days ‘Thin exces many who fave buen converte, aid a txelideeten members ofthe cle who have wrven fo lve pune fe sncied lives. merging every carnal son, refi ing from drinking intsicane, rom smoking dancing wih mer: bers of the opponte se searing going to fall games ganting. using profane languoge, and fm dong jst bout everything nd anything which might make ondary be bees "To be among the cle you mon ech the hed sage of aa tion namely, become ile wit the Holy Spins andthe tat of {his is some unusual expeience~in sme ofthe clan evidence the able eo speak in tongucy, bat fn others merely an ext rina oecurrencs, such ara ion ort dtm, heating» het nly woke, or 4 mistculow healing ‘pir néue oF mene re mee cuLE one were to be guided solely by the testimonies in evaluating the elements of che cule which make fe aracive to followers ‘Ree cota a ottoman te cee Be Nea Phe es Soba ste of waren arn oe as se teed ate cpa "Pe uri = ip be ame a a yes Hou tad te eae Te hs eed (Be Fest st ci ath ew Fe ee llth CeIma arly wold ene nto omidertin. Bt unqusion hy one of he move compeling fore a the eue is mai Wer i not forthe Moors the author would be nn wrt a 2 fact that where thee f no mori there is no Neg otc Having olscrved sees ia the Moorish Science Temple America on pero of yes i clea ome hat ere fa aap cal wor wh anes hat Neg eal cane Sie without the compelling power of music and is tytn Htonnicn and dlnoeancey are a with an absence of tout Tg and other ins of emotionalisa usualy asciated with Negro fultein America? Thu ich a ether cl pd in very Ne cle Tne ver observed: exept the Moors, marcia prime feature ofthe Shure peormance, Thies erve to such a degree that the Sorter Bo equemy observed the whole rls performance Bie bean there ws ot te proper Kad of volume ol Thus to seta certain tone for the communicants on the other and cnt sevens can be completely wasformed by he Inject of song. e Sten there i nly + plano to accompany the singing interesting thing sboue the payer i that he aly icks Up sheet nevog wo hey of the gry revenge cles i te orthodox hatches where the inuramentl eer the hey and hese flow The ot meta Meena there ae addtional incrments AC Rockland Palace here san onchesra of tent Or more pice, mixed Both ee Sa Pe cr ee coome es at Sane tenets acetic sn eee ee ue ucepeable to tele pate of Sligous worhi.'—P. ee eames br Mooetine ervey Gant cee bape SASS Sie Strat clea cote LSE Sa eat a rate fee SELES pepe 2 ethene 23 to ex and race, and consitng of plano, horns of various kinds drums, tambourines and eatanety, guitar and banjon Beviies these. the young Rosebuds, a group of girly have developed o shor of nasal charm, which performs usally tthe seo ppaniment of the piano. Im the United Howe of Prayer dependence is plced on the pho, but this frequently is auginented, AC time the plano oe used a all. and then the dram or tambourine takes the le ‘The Chueeh of Goi has a9 erchetea (without plano, tnelad ing one or to ilin. ‘AC Mi Sinai the music sally consis of plano and drum, “Tere tr cho ai. In all there sree, musics employed not merely to preface ax cancle, or even to elve the porate batts ofthe sie fac, even incudig. he petormanee of Preacher ar chit pater. "Te wan unas eee neko, In the chet speakers dicoune, he docs not inttrage fat Se mals wit mosle of some Kind, with nging, an ietocet, 4Encng o the eaping ofthe hands by the meme oP Congregation Tn the Me Sina Holy Church the autor has observed the Snurplaion of ong and dance by the cit speaker ly ‘oman, a often at af ies gle sesame Chee trate huge bss drum. Father Divine wil wok en hs heck 234 he aa, and sometimes he breaks out extemporapeusy ‘ong. ‘Bidiop Grace ter to standup while he bond se ocho & playing and, eiving a fan, pretend that he is summing & suse or ukulele, Sch mie nt intend merely to eneran oF ein the Inte fn the permanent an naan ie trina se teas peng fe then wea fn the Father Divine service the chorus suddenly Burs orth wit Father Disine’s tne wil got you even if you do wate out, And when dace you wil sng and cho? the outsider rally is being warned that if he isnot very careful, he i gig to be carried away by the mic, by the shyihmical cadences of the wong ofthe moment. Undoubtedly many com vers to the cult have been won over t jos uch a moment, To fn observer, ic & apparent tha spitie poseion & common occurrence tinder the compulsion, |Finally, che cle heightens a sense ofthe coterie within the roup. "This apparently isting expeence for members Fike qroup. he inchly ofthis feeling varer wih the cle. Some cbnevers have indicted that this coterie wens tnd aa the at ments unedlyto che who ae tie de soup The authors pororal experince ae wt variance il HePovseradin he one pouble exception isthe Moots Science Temple, where members obviosly ae aight co regard Ail sng wih sgpeon : TUndoubedly Wee i acute awarene of Kinship within the cult but this does no serve to dampen or chill the tiendly a Shosphere where ouside are concemeds Perhaps ie depends ‘on the atode of the sagen. My experience has eet that Sh open friendly and sympathetic, Hot not condescending tte fede’ invarably rewarded with equal warmth and iene. Ths has Been he ue even in the Moor Seence Temple here, beense of te set nature of the elt only a cern Tune of consideation can be given to scangers One i tov tempted to suggest atthe frenines of member of the {ul cowards stages ito be clasifedsinong the factors Which Sitract outsides to the cule IX THE CULT AS A FUNCTIONAL INSTITUTION Rerearncr has been made co the r8le of the Negro cule in re lieving and relesing poychologial tensions, particulary in the ‘ive of Negroes who are confronted forthe fis time with the problems of sorthern usban life It would be natral for cult Feaders to tecogize the functional posbiies ofthe cule mech: anism along various lines i fat it would be dificult for them to exchew the fempttion fo accomplish various ends by meant fof the cult which under a eiferent wcll order four conntry Would spperain to more secular instutons. "We ave not sunprised therefore to observes divers of activi tig in some ofthe cults which undoubtedly reflects such rege nition on the part of the leading members. To express ths tendency in more technical terms, it would appear thatthe nor tral socal needs of Uke members of some of thee groupe, and particularly the need of leadership-expresion in is various forms by the Tears and the more aggresive members of the cut, ‘heome transformed into derived culearal nevnities and im peratives" Tere again the diferences in conditions of life for the indi- vidual Negro in the Nord and in the South appear to be Te Aeced inthe corresponding development of his insitalonal fe In the South itis hot unuesal to encounter Negroce who have stunted considerable wealth in Business pariulaly in teal ftte and insurance, inthe wales, and ia the profesions. Since for them there isle culeural Iie, the esoueefal Negroes are Tikly to engage in activities which prove economically fuifal> ik sapoad by toed et ras“ ak Selb Foatet tes rt laf ng XN oy i it yan a i Er Twn at See op pet reign ony weIn the Nort, owever the competition of the white man mar oly restrict the Negro eren within the lint of his own racial {Goup while the economic Havers ose the group ae only Slightly Tower than there tthe South Consequently the Negro In'he Now, when compared sith the Negro it he South, often Apps to be “all ead and nobody." Tht into ay. the New ihe Noth frequently bat mach becter intellectual equipment than his sotthera brother, but inthe absence of avens of ene Ployment and lucrative revenue, he becomes an economic and ilo save Pry ano be without sgifcane, therefore, that movements aed Fae Dine ee Mon Movement re arc bya diversity of active notably inthe econo, pli, an ‘ucatonal spheres, which tend to compensate for the paucly of Shalogos sts In life oulde the eles Tes interesting to ote that in each of the five cls considered inthis sey, evidence in varying degrees i forthoming of an arenes by the ladcahip ofthe need to take up the eerie Scucational, and polite sack ‘which fsa sigoiteant feature of Negre lfecven in the Novih. ‘This x eeeainy not aceidentl. as he presence of the phenomenon within these clit gem fay ad in soe instances ie reaches very ge proporons IF we begin with the relatively minor exprewion of this tend cnc as we bscrve it inthe Me Sinai Holy Church, we note at Test thee evidences of these foncronal characterise: ‘hac he ae ot once Ce oust eves a cl ner he eal fenton ‘ef act te i ye fe Rt ace he ee at its fa wl enpees ett For a number of yeate a private school of elementary grade satus was provided forthe children ofthe cult Because of ee. tain dificultes with the city Tams governing such schools it has teen closed recently, but plans are tnder way t revive the lose tution at the lage model farm in New Jerey, second fue tional derivative where, fn hind of cooperative project, eevee is tated ut of the illing ofthe soil for general farm produce, For feeding the poor, providing alms, and siding the sick. The third instance the rather pretentiovs home used by Bishop Rohinom as er Philadelphia residence, which also is Kind hospice for various women of her flock. Here, fom ine t tie, members may live fn a state of ease and comfort to which they arenot accustomed and which ie would be imposible for theta purchase in the open market since such a cnmodity isnot read ty available to Negroes. Presumably the expense ofthis prac tice comes out of the general financial intake. More recently there has been ak of opening a Bath and heath reoce at Hot Spring, Akan In the United Hoste of Prayer for All People (Bishop Grace), thevsme economic fonctions i dcernite In the ste of ‘oips perfumes, and stationery, there may be ase the noble ‘ving for national integration, so prominent the clo he lack Jews or the tail Fasc of the Moorish Ameen ‘everttlen oe Bae hee an example of on onge which, beese iCis aught up tn the paradoxes of he pois aca dichotomy seels ton 1 Way through perhaps the only ler chanel Te Served tot namely the rlgnar channel ‘A Woolworth ors Rocsfler operat in a secular fd whic, according to the mares of his cltre & wide open to hi, Te may not be pertinent to compare ithop Grace wha se gene tment the pattern of fis economi acivicy docs not ifr ‘neal om that of numeroun caeprencirs who exploie the sillier of vari media inorder to torn + ane profi "To the student of foncioal eceminant such econ set ings are nolo reapectble nn age the Dgianngs of many Set Sconomic fir inthe pst nh eceige fom ict cir History of arin and ack once ing cio mt a man of hc ms ne te ‘incr ster ey Bld aac merce an Toman we% BLACK GoDs OF THE METROPOLIS Inthe Charch of God (Black Hebrews), Prophet Cherry con sean emphaies the ponety ofthe blak ttt and thet Sa treo sete wordy gona” Ara ve there ar Been end ‘ney for his fellowes Go go Jato busines for themscves The propheeowna a vegeable uote anda Bucher shop. Other fo lowers hive opened shoe rea dope, restaurants aloe shops, And cleaning and dyeing eabisiment Some ofthese retures ie fled Sul she pindple holds tue that an ccomomie nest recogni by virtually ll Negroes fas been eto some degice ky am inwetionalied progr oa the part of thee fellowes ‘She there ia song fcing of Litahip ihn whe group these ir tendency to support these economic went. Keane ofthe tnunal character of ie prope religout teaching 4 spel sol is held on Monday might, when ee brew staph Stall children ae well adsl spear in thee clhsen The members of the cult se de awate cons of the fact that an edatonal program designed to mest sel pe Gal aeede a4 Black Jews ine ofthe eaaionl program f the pobie whol exenta crore ace te ae es or Benepe cn rata ah re Suen Re ea rer oe eon ete Soe ad ae ie a ae 1, General dieristaction with “European” caning, and a sense of need for a ind of education which will more neatly fpuvantes the development ofthe individal into "acl Shnaclous Moorish Americans, (CULT AS A FUNCTIONAL INSTITUTION Fn 2. Friction that occurs because Moorish American children are stinet from ether dldren becnse of the fer and ceresin ‘A sense of separateness which the cult habit, engender “Thus the failure to wear necktics brings the children into conflict with teachers who insist upon "proper" dees The Dearded faces of the fathers and theit incomplete neckgeat as well at the severe dress of the mothers have murered ‘tumors of unddiness and even uncleanlines to: which the embers are very snatve. ‘One intersting feature of the cult considered thes far fa predilection for uniformed club groups or ditincivenes In the Ares of the members. Many ofthe smaller organizational nits ‘ofthese cults are uniformed, and i the Church of God and the United Howe of Prayer there ave groups of men who wear mil tary dress and carry swords. ‘The teacon of the our may be to smile at these manifestations, and pertaps to aseribe ther to the “childlte” natare of the Negro which attneted tun forms baubles and the Uke. To what extent, we wonder, docs this demonstration serve asa compensation forthe reluctance of ‘ost Branches of our armed services swell at suary organi tions ike the Red Cross, where uniforms ate cherished, to include ‘normal complement of Negioes within the ranks? Tei when we come tthe Father Divine Peace Mission More ‘ment that the fonction of the cule to transform sei needs by means of saculat enerpiss is mee clsriydemontated. Here these transformations achieve a plane of ficiency and a spe whieh in some instances life them clear of the realm of amateue lm, and establish them with thoce other secu expresions fa Ameren which have culminated in the concept of "bg business” Pethape the only substantial diferene, morphologialy. be tween the functional forms which have developed inthis move: tent and those forms which have een produced in the ordinary process of big busines ln our country is hac inthe Father De ine Peace Mision ‘Movemnent these forms ae functional by roduc rather than end prod, Many cits who seein the Father Divine Peace Mision Move rent nothing but "racket" probably mis thir important fone2 BLACK GODS OF THE METROPOLIS tional implication. Such people, observing that many patrons ‘ofthe Peace estatrant and of the theccent (whoo tis) so ‘Shine parlors are not members ofthe cut opine that these tect fxprenions should in no way be rlted to the elighous expres Titre tat many people who henefit by dhe functions ofthe sngrement have to vl Hero inthe movement let hit jrobabiy has no more signifcance tha the fare that most people {ing an clei Tight bulb for reading purposes have no Know ‘dee of or interest the proces by which help was created, ‘The cenit fact that out of aa attempt, through the Father Divine Pesce Mision Movement to taalte# nee ofa segment ft hunaniy, numeroue sgicant fonction, tonformatons fave ened perusal of the advertisements ia a recent copy of the New ‘iy Cons the point. More than ey of thee avernements 2 of buries caablshinents which are diectiy or indiecdy Cnmeced withthe Pesce Mision Movement. tis to be 2 ‘ned ha there re many more sac eabishments cond by individvale and groupe which fave not adverse inthe New Dry “mong the enterprises averted in this particular nue are the flowing automobile testes nd eps sage bi het makers co, ee, oll dsuibutors tarbers free employment {eny, expres and hang food dibton: jel: women's ‘wear amdries notions; radon andrea exaurants: shoe r= Fat alors and clener “The mos spectacular coonomie function ofthe Father Divine Peace Mico Movement develops out of ral cate holding "The “extensions” of which there are scree are relly hotel ‘This sof the umnoat significance i the life of Negros, fo, quite spar fom the item of expense I which these hotels are din fue by the smasingly Tow cont of services rendered (asually {po dolls a weck tom rent and fifteen cen meal with no {ip lowe). te signin fact His i thi: here we have a fone ‘onal tansformation with rege fo very vial need of Ame Gan Negocs rowing out of the goneml practice of American Houle to eae to veclve chem. 2 degree probably unknown Gx dnsuspcted by people out: side the racial gronp, the prehology of an ealre rae, number Ing neasy Bitcen milion people, hus Deen conditioned by this Zed. White Americas Wk forward to teel at oe of e's = richest hoons; but the American Negro contemplates travel in the United States with a degree of migivng amounting t dread, AA Negro, when setting out an a trip, ether mit have every sop ‘over very carefully arranged in advance of he me ee to Ie that Ihe does noe ative at an unknown place too late inthe evening to shop around for scrommodatons cherie he i Tiely to De compelled to spend the nighe out of doors and widhowt anything Te vould seem that this need should have Boen met many yeate ago, But lite has developed to smelitste this condition, Now, however, the Father Divine Peace Mision Movement, a rligious undertaking. i inthe proces of mecting sich 4 nee through the functional transformation described above. It is hardy to be wondered at that the name "Promised Land” hae been bestowed Upon the choicest of these extensions Tosted in the Bes Hdion River Valley and the Catskill Mountinas “low the Father Divine Peace Mission Movement functions i an analogous manner on the poltcalecenomic plane is demon ‘tt dnp at Hye PT empy ti bs wl esos tthe Soe Sate hin foes Dinan ue a yy i SE Sted roan athe Nord South Asean el Rtg Asan 8 in Hare Ralph Negos oer ene ‘het te Gig ton fis a al pays ro mes can toe You Ca oes ae ier Divine Poe Mion Movement is prc psy ea bl eit ee tc i festrated inthe following report by Floyd Calvin in the June 22, 1835 sme of the Piteburgh Courier, a Neqeo weekly: FATHER DIVINE THREATENS BOYOOTT AGAINST MILK ‘COMPANIES MAKES PRONE. OF POLITICS, TOWARDS RACE 1 vow looks the tomething more than the uatal_ perfunctory gestures in Trlems cconomie bats wil come of the threntened ope by Father Divine agsnw milk compantes if they don't ene hoy eobered diners snd ech, ‘The “pacing” lites ene Ep pster" by. Sheield and Borden were prompuy tre down ‘thon Divine replied that the companies Rad evaded the point that They dld'noeetploycolned drivers smd sechanicy which he Seely requested bat they dn "Ge beter invecstion, bik within your mores an cone signs a epealy withthe publi ves the streets of the ety Stew York and chevhere, fo noe fn deers hondsernizatel ‘Sectdlng to yur ifarnon given i your late. your comers Asie asker upon as equal, we se looking forward foram ‘stim change lf your set ok diver on te ple streets eet in Many iment png 5% os fret ctr san “These functional implications are again demonstrated in the Righteous Government program, which the ame of secc ‘hurt lin tne movement to gue the entire poltcn economic Spd eductonal monitor of the teva The Rghcoae ‘Government program was laanehed in Tanuary 1936 at speci ‘Gention ofthe followers of Father Divine elle the Hters- ‘Gana Righteous Government Convention. A. Righteous Gov (eikene Slacorm wat drawn wp, which fm aditon to being # Sie pet of legalac expen (ontining 8 ie docs whole Gece by the enden coabces neni all the principles op- BSGhe in he cule and thereby points to ts taly funciona Shaner 1 The Rigen Government tbe interac internation, ‘atari imerdonennatoal apd om parts Tec ound by te fllnetng plein a. The eure human race in encatialy one, 3 Rocce Inman rce to be ese by eradicating Peat reponse ivaon song Pople a Eling the welfare of erry ting cera is aap ry nil wierd CULT AS A FUNCTIONAL INSTITUTION os “There ate foureen general planks, OF thet, eiht refer w» inne ioting rte eed and clr. There ae wee prey economic planks and three edcendona_prevson abo {special amendment cling for luton “imposing the pew 2 for ft degree moder on sil embers of Ich mobs ling or fatally injuring any pean, together with 5 ne of Ten of Twenty Thousand Dal so be pid by the county wherein the Iymehing secur tothe eae ofthe infor or decd person “Ths the Father Divine Peace Mon Moveinen, which een aly eligi ongmisaton inlet becones the mechanism by which aroun oi tnge paricany howe of ts ender and rote scaly djnamie membr may find outs of expen Shy making i pone for ageneisto be enabled fo fll these ‘ced etd to trator there anges into the imperatives of American clare. Tewosld apps tat he Father Divine Peace Mision Movement osarpe the ober cls nthe extent to which it demonstrate these funedonal chracterticn This undoube caly due toa gener sna avarens ar well a stpeior ov ‘anationaleapacty onthe part of the lesdenhip ofthe Father Divine Peace Mion Movement. Sei ei clese that Lnking hia the framework ofeach ofthe els ae the sed td vont {the same general tendenyx ‘THE NEGRO AND HIS RELIGION ‘Tux religoaey of the Negro often ie taken for granted. Not ‘only is this a popular opinion, but important social scientists Inkimate and even emphasize the fe "To take two outstanding examples, there fs the socologie, Robert E Park, who sats, 1 eure « «the reston the Negro a0 readily and eagerly wok over loam the white man his heaven ed it poclypie viens was be ‘hve thee matrias met te dsc of Ble pela rca tome en! (sie mine Herskovits, the anthropologist, has been quoted above as stat ing UUnderyng the lie of ue American Negro 3 deep eign Bent (ili sine} that br che anesaon here of a sear dre at Everywhere In Negro societies maker the seperntral aor focus tt Invern The tena 0€ tis poston i appuent when Te fonsidered hw in am age marked y sep, the Negro as eld fae to baie According tothe same author, becuse religion is such a om swoling factor in the life of the average Negro, verge compensation i terme of the mpersaural ie. nme Uinly scespable eo his underpesoged fle, and cass them, In otra to bince underpevieged groups eewbere in the werd 2 turn to telgion rales than tr poll set or our owt or ‘The inference to be awa fin sich opinions i that there it something in the Negro amosnting simon to 3% ioner compul ‘Hon which drives him into teliginns channele Some fs and Fuses the relation ofthe American Negro this church, as ‘compared with the relation of white people to their churches, tight be suggestive fm his connection. %6 ‘THE NEGRO AND Hs RELIGION 7 mn thee highly revealing study of religion among American Negroes, Mays ahd Nicholion have dtclosed that if we choose to be guided by the propertion of Negroes and: whites in the United States who atend church, Negrecs cam scarcely be con sideted more religous than whites Actually the proportion of iwhice’men attending church it higher tha that tor Negrose The following figures refer to all church meters in America| over the age of thitteen years Negro women: 78% Negro men: 46%, ‘White women: 6266 White men: 4996 Ths it becomes apparent that more than 40 per cent of Ne- foes never attend church af ally and this coupares withthe toal nor church going popalsion of America which according {o Mays and Nicholson fs 42 percent: but what ie more ni ‘ant, considerably less than Half whe Negro men attend, and thi is below the proportion for white men. Nevertheless he opinion of the unveralty of religions attndesatnong Negroes, as con traced to hie, pers Te would seem that Herskorite observation tht “in an age of septicisn, the Negio as eld fst to belie” requires wane tod Temay be contended that the Negro held fatto his elit (cresimabiy is constrained by his heritage to cling to his belief) Whether or not he isa church member. This contention i sub- ject to question, Indeed, rely of thi study, and particulaly Siggetions in the testimonies of cule membery warrant more than a alae suspicion that many Negrcs who fod theft expe rence in the more orthodoe evangelical churches disppoint: ‘ent move into the cults It doesnot een to great an sump tion to imagine tat for dhe remainder of thove disppointed cot Imunicans who leave the mote erthodox churches but do) not enter the els many drop their belief altogether or most pra tial purposes, that sine relatively few people actully Bosom ‘outand ou atheist) as well as thelr membership. Hence, tothe extent that Paks! suggestion af “temperament” and Herovin’ aalogows tae ofthe term bent” iniply a sl Imos instinctive putcipation by American Negroct in religions Darsuits, these opinions nced to be seclved with considerble 30 en oh 8 edo 5 Gren in = peio” LACK CoDs OF THE METROPOLIS ‘There can be no doubt, of coun, that the church, and con sequently toa degre religion have played conspicuous rOles in the lives ofa ast majority of Ameria Negroes, tay and in the pase Thi degre of iuence doesnot find fr exact counter ‘art in the white man's religous experience "As far asthe Negro is concerned, Mays and Nicholion properly shave pointed out tat telavly cry the church, and partially the independent Ne igo church, mide the one and only organ fel which the ave ruppeencd cnotons colt be recat andthe only apport tity for Elm to devel his own leadership” Im almost cfry hee Eek he was completely supped. 'Thus dough a slow snd Aft proces stn tvobring mac salerlng and persion, the Ser, re te eo er er cen {Reviu hiy church He demonurned bi aie o preach and ti ‘lve convinced bot Negros and ikea Ghat he as PO Seed ofthe Spi of Gok. = “The poi o be note is thatthe development of the Negros church tame asa remit of the Negros need in Ameria for & place to expres htselt in various tye id not result from {ome inexorable law pec to his nates neither did such a inv, or as Herskovits express i a “drive” constrain the Negro then or Tater “to turn wo religion rather than to politcal action br exer outs fr his frstaton.” i "The two “national cals Whi study are the elucy ina conidertion of Herskovits’ ssbmption, What kind of people Stragele politeally® Obi people who have certain polt {Gl concep Such concepts, fo role in action, cannot be di Sorced from fe, but like te religon ofthe Negro according © Honda, ete hear a “ante ean to ite” involving the “fll parlation of the communicants Stated in pola tem, i order fora people act polly there must be poltal concepey and thee concen muse Be trade concrete by means of pola orga or organi, sachs tpolical ongniation (ptt) or a pola idemiy (eatin) Poltcal srugles of 2 national group incriably involve that fgroups satonal identy, The saggle then becomes one in Ere of dine nacional ident, national homeland, or national ‘ni ‘May an dingo i ae Oe ‘THE NEGRO AND His RELICION ” 1c is jus this quality of national idendty which wnt very e- cently bas been lacking in the prychology of the Negrocs America, Pethaps every other sable group in Amerie docs have sch a national iden, Dut because ofthe historia factors involved in the tanser of the Neo people from Attica to America, and poatly besiae ofthe inftration of bod fom pracicaiy all the other groupe in America into the yey of the Negro group, with a corresponding confision of national em: phases, the Nagioe i the United States have not been concious Sf thote national roots which ate so marked in the thinking snd traditions of such elements in the American nation a¢ the Ger ‘mans, Pols, or sh The Black Jews and the Moorish Americans undertone of this. The Black Jews would remind American Negros of their ancient name ard their ancient land. "Without « national fame,” they say, "there an be no future for a people, There fore you mast not be called Negroes, colored, jgvbooe ete” Having sounded this poliueal note, they are impelled by the Logie ‘of thee thinking to emphasize the politcal aapect of thet Hein ‘America, even though exsentially they are religious group TThe Moorish Americans go even father than the Dlack Jews Aer positing the face atthe "name" isthe fre prereqatite, they go 0 far asf claim the Asiercan continent for themselves fontending tat dhs land is merely an extension of Ai. "For 8 people to amount to anything,” they maintain, “it i necessary tolhave a name (nation) abd a land." Although this assumption of the American continent ab an extension of their own Africa ‘nay be nothing more no ls than a politi expedient, we my assume that the words fal short of acon only becuse the Moors do not have the menne to make thelr belies real Most American Negroes, however, have not been infuenced by suck convictions. Consequently they have lacked strong pol fal mouivation. Forsch a these, Afsca has not ben delta, since they were uprooted spiritually as well as physically. They ‘were noe bothered hy the names attached t them: if they were fled Negro, colored, Ato-American, black, it was all prety ‘uch dhe sme thing. But-neither has America been thei land, Since fe wat all 0 obvi to them tht they were merely second falc ctzens Inevitably inthe pat then great mames of Negroes have Been relatively ine: pialIn een yea, however: thee has been developing, ore and tmoe, the eaition among the mass of Negron hi America Stee land, ‘Today many Nesoc oine with pride to the fact that even the Pili may lan pri tthe seers inthe lind Impey te inresting eng of tet na bers and hoxnning o spree the potent Psion o poet thie nheres in ing the age sci minty pop fo the Country, the conan sowing song the awe of Regocs that they, as wala he Talans, Role Jew Germ and 7 othe atonal gnop n Amer, are Amen Par pa th thi developing atonal pride, pies cone scout and eormenalyinresing pits eon ave nan Fexing hemecven t's bo mere fotatowe crcomsance tat with the decline in he proportion of tan cscs ind Gated by Mays and Nicolson, here an increas in the propor tian of Negrcs who ae entering the tade fons, omenising by mein of some spent, ecomamieBoyet pote ‘fovps af vous Lads, and thw who ave ater giding for pola sion. "The wend i n0 more the et of “temperament” or “teat” on inthe sco with eg ies whith ats olen ace to the Neg Clery gies ht hese af the exigencies of the ner afeting ox only she Nego Bot {he entre nation, the eed for wholes pla rin tlt ining felt and understood among te mases of Negroes ‘mechani for action wot Toil follow. Tei only satus fr such a mechani oi the Felis onganiatont toe meu of bringing abou the deed el Wise we wie ia here wold sce bes consinaton the very Lind of ‘ipesdon ofan nation fos given ned agin wiih the Ecos opel gad dem) Orig Neg i conpegte even or of vligous wore Cone ‘funy shuld come ana surprise to nd in thee a6 Re Foire ont parwiry in thon ike he Mors he Bick Jn fa the Father Divine Peace Minion Movement ender who ate Sate ofthese presing neds and low the sal hl ligous Picts nese hat omni Pept i eter a se i Sn Cala fa ea ena SS Siete ny re ‘THE NEGRO AND Is RELIGION so bak to be erimmed accordingly. ‘Thus the Negro chutch main tains ie American triton Connon sense requires ws to believe that everything cultural which the Negro bought over wit him fom Aber ful sot ave heen eradicated fom his heritage, despite de cents sce ‘elec Afi, the thousands of mies which have separate it fom the ancestral homeland. snd the eroding ndences of rerwhciming and inesapabie supercar” Nevenles, it ‘edo tot goal the way with Fae and Pak in their alsa hotel asertons sat there are ho Aca religions survival {0 speak of, neither can we acept ery chance curepondence hich might sppeat to indie urea?" Geraaly for the Unite ‘Staies, whete the European infuence in both fore and content ofthe worship i 0 marked arto be undeniable we ae ot inlined co accept mere correspondence between American ‘Negro and AVtican practice a contlaive indicaon of Asean erign. The hisoral evidence mist be praen to suppor ae Glue ors it appears tome, and moh of what we obi ne ‘ls studied hee ser to confi ths poston ‘Thus ie isa quation whether Hetty is correct in empl sing the importanes of the infuence ofthe Aca rc ella in the religious development ofthe Ansreay Neg. According 40 him, Negros Rocked to the Bap chutch Beas this are af worship was o readily asciated inthe mind of the Noga, with thet ym iver cle in West ABS, and "purely i ‘ew ofthe fact «that vere pres were sld int davery Jn great umber. Were this the deciding for, i scams to Inte ge ta Sonne Sem ac! (pe pc 1 tem ety Ma ia og i geen ea tah TERRY Hos “rrr he Wo Nga oe, ‘cert mot hgh ad ny te ening, weamet st oe he ame ti et ea, Emi cht ttl te tani ie ate ae Se ‘Wi et heaton yh er fk wnat ve Se SE naz “ih Hom ae Met oc y asme there should be fewer Nogios inthe Methodie group, and [robably none in the other denominations which have redaced {he bapa Sow to sere tite through the Snger. What {ito be sid ofthe Father Divine cle with is thousands of fl lowers who do not pracse baptism? | We should rer the fee tint Father Divine isu probably spene Ms youth in tae part tthe Sout and sonong te very Nogtos of Oa section who Sally would be expected to cling tothe mote primitive setae Teanga Hise which wav once so important and of sich peat ThnlicancyDesdey there ae the Mooridt Americans anor foup of Negrocs whe wuther origins might be expected (a oul in a conservation of thi sts, ut to whom the Wes as ‘eeome snot orig i hee Mosem form of worship Te probably is tue as Herkovit facts, hn the elaborate nes ofthe death coemonies among some Negroes isan Ata Sarva erin st lentes of theca need we nd that the emire asochion withthe en of dent offers taal dep ttre fom wellknown West African attade and practices: “The Moov Ameria adnan te some calm eservef the presence of death which we hav obscved with regard the most rinny ad simle quewions of thei ich. "They read deh tier ue trason tn which the bay qoietyinotves inorder {Dimabe vay for the dpartre ofthe wol to Alls Usually the body isl for thre ys, shen there a simple service at whic {Tprsctibd copter ofthe Holy Koran read afer which bral inks piace Somes ater the Deval there i Fast to eee rate the tanston ofthe spirit fom shi world the abode of ‘ith. "The Blick evs take deat in thir de, A 00m aba mem tbe ofthe flock dies the body required fo be eaten mediately tO an undertaker cxablubment. "The family ofthe dened Sper scsion unl after the burial, Mestine ll member ‘Xcpe ery clove relatives an perhaps some person designated by the prophet ae focbden to vew the remain. The Boy i (0 te dpe of won an pombe in the Father Divine cal, tit sewlly a disgrace to Death canis with ithe penalty of being charged with having fled to full the royienents of the evangelical hie. The dead pero becomes at uae.” fas een feported that the putes eld has beome the reting pce of some members of the Father Divine elt forthe simple reson chat no relative ot LL THE NEGRO AND His RELIGION tos He probabiy she Gt lr fo pac tha athe Ac bhp halle Sora ee Satomi ate! eames tee noe pepe ace eae eee noesthe steps and entered the place, which wat called Mother Hors Pentecptal Church ‘Av altar service was in progres. A number of women, most of them clad in Rowing white robes, were seying before aa Finptovised altar. Presumably these were anges for they were praying for aid administering admonitions to cetin wnsaved zien and omen who wee in varying stages of prstaion, some of them having fallen on one ot both ees to the floor, o,f the ene of few, ing preatrate like persona ina eatalepie trance “There wae much meaning and groaning and weeping by the sunsive, accompanied by quotations from the Seripties. shouts, ‘Mimontions speaking im tongue, and ‘what some instances Sppeared to be exorcsng, by the whitecad angels. ‘tthe signee fart in all this performance vas that of all the members who sere participating the most vociferous was the ‘minister, coneicuows by hit incesant yelling from the platform; "nd no one was more involved in the pela tes of adminis ‘lon to the prostrate sinners than a ceresin woman who, TTeared Inte, ras Teader in this pata see. But onl of these lead ces were members ofthe white race, while mow of the other Far tieipants were Negroes, “There was one tale devote who approached me and spent a sod pat of te evening endeavoring ta save my soul alteroately Tapping his hands rhyuhclly, genufecsing and dancing to the fnuote which was being sung and played constantly, calling oat in ttrange tongues and aturing me over and over that sever i all this fe had fe etered Into eich profnd happines at now since fhe had fou his Lord and Savior, That man wdoubvedly was 2 fullblooded American Indian, (On another occasion 1 attended a Father Divine sevice in Rockland Paice when group of young Columbia University students entered the place aiid were seated on the plalorm, They had come to observe Father Divine at fst hand Tr was cay to seein thei faces that many of them fally antic pated an evenings entraiament consonant wth popular ideas Of African fetish or Haitan voodeo Worship. Avery quisal look spend over the comntenances of ome of thee wen, quite ealy fa the servi, an elderly white man arose tnd walked tothe plaior, stood by the microphone, and called, out to the vst audioce, consing chieiy of Negroes, “Peace, Father Pesce, eveyone! “Thereupon he praved Father Divine for his many blessing, and expec for one esting sbove al thee tay, the toe ing of ite everlasting. He tred to the Cobunbia sents and ‘Sito them, "I know eat you tay not believe this, bue smny of Sr who ar in thi pce wil net love the bodies we now have {Gatien he Bes, ane sneer going aay fom sy ad ve wil remain here forevermore. "Thi i heaven om eat Now he ake everyone t join with hi in tng whieh he ssid war fair to todiences inthe West but was fetely tnksown to follower of Father Divine Inthe Ea The words fhe ong were flows My Fathers love shines more and more ‘My Father's Tove shiney more ad oe. (om glory haleujt Pre hi holy mame or hi love shines mare and mote Ina few seconds his song had caght on all over the fnige smophithenre And then an amasing spectacle followed ‘A white woman who liad been playing eatanets in the Father Divine Peace Mission orchestra suddenly leaped to her feee and Tegan dancing back and forth across the font of the hall "The whiee comet, who fora while played inthe manner of Louis Armstiong, was so profoundly ferred that he had to ee playing, and he joined Tusily in the singing, shaking his hed nd his entte ody im vhythm widh the song. Presumably play ing the comet interfered withthe enection of che body move: rents he was desirous of performing. Then another white woman cele conspicuosaly in pinwheel fashion all-over the front of the tall, while a very Reavyset ‘midlle-aged man, whom I Tater identicd as Jew, ran abot the same place clapping his hands rhythmically: singing lowly nd aly, and eontoreing his face and ody. ull another white follower; a welled young man sated on the platform, kept moving his bady forvard in his chair, then tocknvand, in time with the mc, “And finally, ane ofthe Co lumbia University dent too overcome to remember where she was of what she was doing, began to sing Feely and to tsp {he floor with er fet. “This spectacle which the Columbia students had expected 10 see generated by Negros fad been inapired by an eldery whiteman from California, Scandinavian by rice and accent, ane hid ben brought toa high crescendo pitch largely through the rac tions of white member of thecal The spell vat w tremendous that, even after the music had ceased, the former eatanet player ‘ontinaed to race around fn circles in front ofthe hall, while the gestesan of exwhile Jeri faith indulged in an oogy of jumping about, puting, blowing, perspiring, clapping his hand, And flapping his rms fn fntation of anele rings. Here forall {he word wg hear and se, they proclaimed, Father Divine it Col a XI SUMMARY OF FINDINGS “Tus data in this study, while admittedly limited, ofr the fo Towing indiations 1. tera fi inference thatthe apparent overcrmphasis by the Amerizan Neg the vei she ltd to he comfore tively meager partcpason of Neqros in oihersitaoel forms of Amertean citar, such 30 busines pelts, and dtr, a condition which ie Bound wp intimately the ‘revatlngcumor of saa ichocomy whe resi te Nera Intcipaton of Negroes in many avenues of America ie Om the other hand, the tady does nox presen aes goede foe Intieving tha there ian nance eligous "beat ot "toners sent” which ses apert she American Neg from other Amer Gans in'his ques for the mtsaction of tate anges nee through relgoes proce. 1 Hecate the Amerean Nog’ experience in other nti sional or "seul format te, the one iwi wth which he is sel denied tends to et ache fo aro Kinds of exprenion. “Thos the Nogo leader finds a the ce + median preeinenl sued tate noes of leaden song fumeros ines. cena Texonabe to spose tha any of these leenhipcxprenions would aot develop wan te foe Wonk of the religous experience othe Neg Ite see or ‘Spresion in other intestinal ie Mou care sere ‘more moral, 4 Negroes are arated to the cls or the obvious eso that wit few normal outlets of expresion for Negioe in Amnesia Ae to the prevalingeitom a acl Gchoromy thc els oe ot the ane hand the boow of eign wis fs tears promi Gt heaven either hve ot atone or oth ad othe ether ham they provide for erin Neqrcs with agit tnd other amie qualien fm an atesphove fre fem enbarmament o apalgy a plac where thy may exponen aes sh 2 ‘isnem, poten socal torn ad cal exresion:theeoy the Andican Negroes stay the normal ue of any mesbeeof our calture who wishes to contibute positively tothe advance trent ofthe group “FThe petonaiy of the lade of the cul frequently isa very substantial determining factor in the aractivene of the par ‘eola ete to fa members. 3. 'The American Nero sligios cule excrete rigid aboot over cin foes of the peat es of i memes, ee ent reaching fat the most intimate details of thet ives ‘Secinhitiuone ste of patamouneHmportance in mast of the cule rg Amercan Negro religous cl practise forms of endogamy. in tome insance froseribing even with reprd trae. Bat I the Father Divine cule where mariage ts acy forbidden, there {sich renter social catholic within the elt T' Singing, dancing. shouting. lapping the hand, ct, while gcncaliy characteristic of American Negro cle worship, are ot ‘Senta features The Moors deftly contradic such an a= ‘3There is much greater we ofthe place of worship for relic ious purpots by tHe American Negro cle than by the more Orthodox evangeil churches. Or There ran indication that as American Negro cults be ome more intene spon vot conan, an poitial problems, the literal adherence tothe Bible a book of reference dimin {hes The mow igi aderence to the Bible i by the cals vic have the test notable politcal or economic programs and Converse those cats with orginal economie, soa and polit {El progtms tend to develop thet own sts of rules, even going {0 tar to dca the BbIe almost eniely 10 The theory that Negocs ithe Unie States demonstrate survival characteristics of Afican intence nthe formic Sn spire of their religious worship must be received with con Merle caution, That thee i 8 medic of such infuence tna a, ut th eran owe Americ eutaal infers Mas conleding observation, we surmise from these evidence, ‘with her general obietvadons of the Amerian Nego’s religious ie cat ene Negro church isl oe reckoned wih ay postive fate the rhe eal poll and enone development of the Amerian Negro. But ie would be wrong, we belive © Shuergrcr is conlaion as asbwtantation of Hentoviey i prestion ne the Negro religioes “bent” impels him to "carn (0 4 | | | | | region rer than to pli ston or other outlets fr hi Because of historic reaons, obviowly the American. Negro ‘hrch wil continue to acta an important socal mechanism foe Negro leadership and forthe masts But for the very reson that Negro fenders ail fd ie necewary to have rece to the ‘hurch mechanism (bearing in tind, however, that other mech nian such a the tad union, eperatives ees now appear on the threshold) eis alo clear, a the evidence of some of the exes indeates thatthe American Negro chuth i likely to wites 4 tmansformadon fom ity purely religions fonction to functions which will accommodate’ the agent social needs of the Negro Imases under modem strces of pls and economics fantastic o imagine tat, a6 time passe, the Ameria Ney church may beara relationship t0 the original religious inst ion af ott memory srsewbat. alogows to the rlaionsh ‘whic dhe modern deg sore bears to the nineteenth ents potest shope The ear uoted obseretion of Ira De A. Reid with reg ty the clin pica wry pene fn ths conection, The dicernible response ofthese cll to certain dynam Urges which motivate the American Negro’ present day poychology te Aloubtedly has ore than pasting sgnifeance. The vial Feve tetionary penta of the American Negro church may again Be in evidence in these phenomena. This a Negro Bap cer. ‘man has uted the celigione mechanien inorder to have welt lected othe council chambers of New York City, another one to the legiative halls of Pernsyvania, The aces of Pater Di vine inthe political and economic fel, to we a notable example mong the cul, are suggestive evidences of the continuing Ay ‘amie character of che American Negro religious experiente i 1 milien which has made the ungve anolding ofthat experience ompuliory and inevitable, CL Meso, Phe hf te Nee PasAppendix A SELECTED CASE MATERIALS “Try examples of testimonies and cise tories Nave beun selected ‘Pat he mat af diva cllacal drng the cours ofthe tnd teenie a che enue collin. Litiation of pace due (0 ey se Ufo te wae of paper fan made aecery to eliminate Tir bufwr repreenauve sp TE tea young manage about tty, When he was coniderabhy “sont t at led fig chool in Pilladephia he wantel 0g Weegee ada hard ceo what wi sickness and ancl ‘tigate. Me ma pct for doven nthe rp. He had own at aR Bop cree and ar snaiou to et help through the TS thee nas no help focoring to rlieve is mind, Hs Seeryatw was member at Me Olive lines Church. AI he Hic he fled to him about Me Sak He cmmenced gong there [ete nie fr hh the er Sed i sha Ce A ba faith be would come through alright He 330 EerTigearc ancien aboat all thie He tied to have a vison iba amany ln speaing in tongues, bot they taught him to ay "fete ane od edt i mkt ‘hey he fond Rinse automata speaking In cong de re te ane Majong, He fash Per Joes wa BB Soe eet pero in the werk He Rad camplete faith i iG Defi er wnt She nr ameman of Go Oe ay he a ‘etl pln over his Here, jat the Md of pan tha previously Faerie yd or great eek ata such He tol Her Jel PaLEtour fe she pu er band on bam Trstaly de aa Tet in En ne was complely healed Since then HG ecived bi cllege aa isthe cami helo his belle and zal inthe Mt Stat ehnch Men FT am glad to spenk a ee words fr Dally Grace, atl sit easton, Tova ik oe nay Jane was raed by dit Teton doctor and hey give me all pds of medicine a rai Soin. eee ak Eide! €', Wiliam came from Greenil, South SESiarTant cpened amnion and held night wri. Te told 9 SBietihe Howse of Prayer nd Daddy Grae, He preached 49 many Be eee aihae Dally Gree shat be made me see the light tatses Soe peepee. et ie ane eh aici cea Daly is he Savior. T joined the mision, and through the power of the Sivfor T'was Dealed "White we Rell service tthe mon T Yerkel tnd eovy._ eto pha ead pe to ‘ership. Ia 1956 daring Day's teath anniversary ia Charlo ‘er Gulia, Vantad hao bul for us, "Ard be id You sa have fe" "Soo afte tat he ant Elder E, Halt bl foe we Aes Iehd Gath te bulling Daddy sade hs fst vt ows tn peso tn tar cecnon. He aie Fide tal Dida ¥ eons to you when You were sleep and tld yo bow to build this Bouse? And Er Hil answered, es Daly” And too T wane to sy that there hating power inthe Grice Magstn, and fe procs my facto ise hem fr medicine and Tbe beled bain wel and ody Th GG foe that and for Badly Grace, for he he cue of all He feet ie aly. Pray for me” Mex. M. "Tih tote of te wore healing power which lyin the Grace Magasine. am not a member of ihe Hee of Prayer, but Elder Bass wa he one tha gave me the Grace Mogatine Teale aang dine vi «pain im my le ‘The Gace Magetne teste oly thing the Heald ie ray forse hat Til so hare ‘hee th te bea member ofthe Hout of Prayer: Mes Re We For Soe year T fer with the agoniting psi of the eumaton Twa Uiserent remotes but they id not help me At tot whe al ops were te, er Boh amir the Howse jer gave me «agate sd T applied ft my by and Tat Seated ium no a menber bur UGRE Ged for teh 2 wodefl payer, Pray forme that wil become cbr” ‘Duty Grace: “The only provision for salvation by Grace. Never ‘mind about God Stetion by Grace only. Ephesians 88. You ‘nts come to Grace trang ath The ges uouble with the word today ir that people are wonhipping Coat in Bese aod sl ate (Grace nd wil no ear Bis worde” Cod and Grace tea” Gn ie Invite and. Grace ie vine Cod i the background of Gre ‘Wheneser Grace appetr on enth, Ge is pest but aracen. Grace to ue ls God inthe sone of vation The only prayer that et be Drayed now ig Lard give we Grace. The gest tulle toys tat the people ae pretentbualy worshiping Cos in heaven ad at the Sime be they "wil not hetr Hie word Te i mpenbe to orp Gea acceptably a hate is word. Grace has even Ga vaio, Sand since God is on His vacation don worry Him ing all Your troubles andl your worse othe throne of Grace and thy wil be laken cae of. But instead of ding tat the people lgnoee Grae and tay all manner of ev aaa hn ad ll psy fo Ca. But remen eh it youn apna Cad, Grace can eve So, but if ou in spn (Gree, God eat ave youu God made Ha man td sent hi the rope at they may fll Rime God is Gretor, and ot «leader geoph fu He oan a Teul te peopl de ay tat He would have them tog whe he only ae Da iva concrete worker and cement mixer He loves busines Hews bora in Monger County, Coorg sed as boy helped his from th mathew oe wlio on Une a tes othing fr him to bale eighty bales of eaten In oe year. HS Ether owned arses plots of fand,allogetier about four hundred een, Comequcmly BL. was tered im Suna bece he ad (2 tend fo the ale of bs fathers otan, baying and sling Tand sad fuipmcnt fr the fas. Due he practically ever went to schoo ‘fe Works hard fora living, bt he Ulleves that God doesnot intend {mart work inthe water time when there ie bad weather, IE dat rend Bester, Ena, and Lents ou can see how Ged Inc farsa ofan, fv be ool atten Be soak Mop moth Aloo i sry cea fom the Bible tbat women sou ‘erlalnn bone and tea iden. "At the age of twcntyne,D. I Tet is (ater and came North. He liked church and got Tn all Kinds ‘of religions Finally he became 's preacher under — He bathe Phindelphin ae But when ot nto some trouble cea gr fe waned DL o take the rap foe feven though fe'was # marred ea Tie wile head =~ oder to ake theap and ihe would not et him Se He spe rom nd cite inca Prophet Chere church. The ting he Ties about Propet Chery i tat he teaches Negroes toe independent, 1 60 fue busines fy Semses and nt fo call themselves Negoes,” He aie chat Negroce eng ta Keep themaelves and ot mix uP Real with which Every boy shou peta tude. He beleves that there should be muse nt dscng in fhe hee ecnse during the Fory yea the cilren of sel were athe wlderoes they dae He has teesin'a number of basineses snc being in Phila, HE opencd up a stoceepte shop tn 1094 wach omy aie dll "Thc dallas he wed for the een ol 4 shop, zee ater he he Fei dawn om some roping aches He dcop es ach lope employing nunber of cored men. fle alo van a bus fr luanporation (asd hi own big satemebil) and’ hada grocery Sore Bat be Bad to lte all bot one of his shoezealr shops bo ‘Se Wi Help prove incompetent and warliable He belles that [Sih twee Back men tat white people never come fo the‘rch un ater Jesus: that Jacob was back but Es wat white ‘hat when Estu maid sme Back lke we go the elon te WG. devs gents white He despite Neqrocs lo who nxt om acting Ue, beating lke, thicking and Reng ike gee lls, “WG. all white ews orhodon Jot. Hi exes thesia of his own city epeclly the way In which the ember Seat ‘hameles inthe welfare of any soicken member, WG ikeea's [Negro “Paul” becuse this Nog scl a Doped Chery enh and atenpts tw make » ase fr gentile WG. ls tre tat thes isthe hc ar Beane the econ ves whch ss nb star bigger than the sm and the mi ten thousand tines a Seo 1 the strongest sas W. Gis itr aginst prenehers He sy ee now nothing. ‘They exploit the people fle dus ao stead sion plenes does nme stoke. “Drinking is ll ight e std Ne ‘ll uote the Scriptures to prove that God intend that man shout the itoxicatng beeragee “Ru ic nasa to get ar Al choneh ‘ert he says should be ordery. “There cught tobe a mncraton ‘of showting and crying out, but members nay dane fey nh peo, ‘Niel hey donot have ised dancing which in ada boos tion, “W.G llvs tere ae thee herpes: the heen of th By she Sonne ad estar" Rely We, boughs mater an father to Philadephia. They have since jane’ Prophet Cherry's soagne bra Paka ant a tls chest ae W-——— wat teling me tat he wonld ot slste the Ameria ag thismering when Be wa ol” Fd want tobe ade to yo or diabetes that are sgh, but th fag tot ot gat there sheet af teal om the ipo the Ng poe sd thi snot ght in the sight of Got “Theselee we do wot eae to falc de dg. This not on eousiy. "We are ot hee hee, Ie Severe ere wo ewe We ne hc on non of ‘People in his enontry tha ia erepted Decne of tur coor aad na onal. I sll remember how Me" tnd some of gr school vote treated in Hanbury a sme teaurane where they Yeanted ou down and eat ke other clued and intelligent people Tf our best people are ested fm this manner imply Bees ehey ‘wanted ood o ext, ust food tate, wha about he per common ‘dhs of us Ike sel Think a All this and many otc ee Inhuman things that happens ow ia this country proves tome hat se are notre cine ofthis eatry. We were Brough owes here te ered 25 yeas aa we are now only part feeb the will Gal Mot Abe Lincl, for God caa use anthing tat be ade.” ie Gal the pra, not mam, We were ened onto Palestine bythe Romans Gali fathe wx ono Ata wre we were coped and ed tse di Read Dest. 2 chapter see the reuon why we Were Idee E63 dnt, hy we do nt bow to ol ga ec nthe expe onthe fag, “Amor fh aapter tlle of our reat ome ter the Bale of Artageddon which veil ben Palestine, “There ‘ouch the Bible at tl us abe us that the only ste od ‘erect history concer vs and all Oe other atone ‘Now MT only wrote this eo you tat you might under stand iy we rns to do vome tg that the aling nations els [Now to trek our fnaship as eaher and parent Sd ei, Bat 19 lagu dove! wpeer Tes things are noc aug tof see ‘nd Glogs and seminaries bene the other ations want to beep igor tepid wid oe hin c fole {Be atoar on but Hse Ges a. Theefre we re He Dank land the tvee Hebrew toys i the das of old (Thay are our people too). "We are not caret follow the Ive ad rls of the beaten tnton when they sagt Gas we T would that all of ny ple Ene’ what greta royal mation we tre and sop Belen Ercehing teeter faone pot on wr “Thank you Yours roy, Note from colloguy bstwoen a amber of the Moorish Science Temple td intatcaer The lettre "AE" and" represet the ‘it mover end nko eect 1: "What is your eligius denomination” I Gomewhe shocked by the quctn) "The only great one, sn the only tell ons si Mekammdan- ‘Theres onl tne Gals "he rest Cod Allah Kam a Moorit Americ, Se” Me "Amercta a Beeatte Iwas bora in Amesica, ut my a cewora were gest Saatie prope, Moors witha ree national cate fy. "Were Moorish Americans” M then Bent lowe to his que ea Ae rong ay he Jury ee fesple have astloal county wid ang” Jus st Geman bora {eis coun and e'l quiety el jou German and thet hs fre parents exe fom Germany. Now what sre joa"6 BLACK Cons OF THE METROROLIS 1: “You ae looking at me. Supper yu tit me what Fam.” IM (Alter some delteration "A Negros Whar 2 Negro "Nath Ing buts same of contempt ad torn placed om ee atonal fw Bit to mae them daven "lac?" ‘Easopian? Bath th sme ag. Nexhing tnt nae uo hy the paler to oppress fice atonal peaple Why, the soled ‘Neg’ has nanan, no fag 1 fh. The mie i tre of the sola acs ad "Eeiopas? Noth tga Nn bak Hip” “The one fa ing: “The tte coin soon when fice people wl have o Law thee matlnaly Se what se your "Suppo fill you Tam ah Amerian?™ Me (Wiha ceiced chuckle) “American what? Pallas? Just, well one of them that and wee” (More chuckling) “Your skin ind ae ook very mack ite my fa TE "Wha he meaning of the erm ‘ey’ athe en of your name?” i “What my people one wete teeter You know of con oy of oa we Hew eh ‘siden prt hed rows ce 1: "Yau mean the Taian IM: "Thats what they tod you in school, bot thas wrong: The spent Aces were te te ule tha cay.” My pple And L Si ge you psy of prot bees the pulaog dae fo el you the fds Burm fos tow beter” Bt conned parionny "The pleaes have made bears cut ofall my people for ote hundred and ey years my people were Kepin darker nd worked. Hike bea fo bul his camry an hen were tare owe with noth ing tobe boars "We want decent tgs for concen" We want {olds che eg thing by our dren We want to educate hem fen tend theo (© cope “But what do we have to doe nt Nothing Begert ‘That all we are Al before 10h Tned Rimes. Tn ignorancs ut now I Enow My people ara great Pople. + fee naonal’ people Were trom 2 pest cosy. All Fre people have nitions eur. And thea fal word before

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