Direct and indirect speech

While changing Direct speech into Indirect speech we make the

following changes 1- Change in Pronouns of Direct speech 2-
tense/verb of the direct speech

3. Removal of comma 4. Removal of inverted

commas

5. Addition ofthatin place of comma in Assertive,

Exclamatory,Optative sentence

6. change in Time Factor and Place Factor

I .. All Pronouns of First Person used in the reported speech should

be changed according to the subject of the reporting speech.

ii..Pronouns of Second Person . Object, iii.Third person should

not be changed.

in case the verb of reporting speech is in Present Tense (say or

says),Future Tense (will say or shall say),no change should be
made in the tense of reported speech

Reporting speech in Past tense, following changes in the tense of

reported speech

Present indefinite .. to .. past indefinite, present continous ..

to .. past continous

Present perfect....past perfect, present perfect continous....past

perfect continous

Past indefinite is changed into past perfect,past continous.. past

perfect continous

1st:I,me,my, we,us,our 2nd:you,you,your

3rd:he,him,his.she,her,her.they,them,there
Time and place factors: now..then, today..that day, tomorrow..the
next day, yesterday..the previous day, tonight..that night,
here..there, this..that,these.those

It..that, may..might, can..could,ago..before,last night.the night

before,thus.before

If there is an object after say, it changes into tell. Otherwise does

not change.

He says to me, I am doing my work. . He tells me that he is

doing his work.

He says to me, you are doing your work. he tells me that I am

doing my work.

She says to me, she is doing her work. he tells me that she is
doing her work .