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Certain autoimmune
diseases. You have a slightly higher
risk of developing MS if you have
thyroid disease, type 1 diabetes or
inflammatory bowel disease.
Smoking. Smokers who Your doctor is likely to start with a
experience an initial event of thorough medical history and
symptoms that may signal MS are examination. Your doctor may then
more likely than nonsmokers to recommend:
develop a second event that confirms
relapsing-remitting MS. Blood tests, to help rule out
infectious or inflammatory diseases
with symptoms similar to MS.
No therapies have shown benefit for first dose because your heartbeat may
progressive MS. For relapsing-remitting high blood pressure and blurred vision.
symptoms continually worsen from the between relapses all vary widely from
defined attacks, and there is little or no Eventually, most people with relapsing-
recovery. Between 10% and 15% of people remitting MS will enter a secondary
with MS have primary progressive MS. progressive phase of MS.
It's unclear why the disease makes the What Causes Multiple Sclerosis?
diagnosis, the shorter the time for the Geography. People in the northern
disease to become secondary U.S. develop MS more often than those in
progressive. the warmer south. Research into vitamin D
People with incomplete recovery
and sunlight as protective factors is
from initial relapses generally convert to ongoing.
secondary progressive MS sooner than Smoking. Tobacco may increase
those who recover completely. the risk slightly. But it's not the whole
The process of ongoing nerve
story.
damage changes. After the Genetics. Genes do play a role. If
transformation, there's less inflammation, an identical twin has MS, the other twin
and more slow degeneration of nerves. has a 20% to 40% chance of developing it
Secondary progressive MS is challenging as well. Siblings have a 3% to 5% chance
to treat -- and to live with. Treatments are if a brother or sister is affected.
moderately effective at best. Progression Vaccines. Extensive research has
occurs at a different rate in each person essentially ruled out vaccines as a cause
and generally leads to some disability. of MS.