PURPLE BOOK

PURPLE
UNITE ONE
VOCABULARY

Trivial
: Having little value or importance:
- I don't know why he gets so upset about something so trivial.
- Sexual harassment in the workplace is not a trivial matter.
:A trivial problem is easy to solve:
- Getting computers to understand human language is not a trivial problem.

Thrilled: extremely happy about something:

- I was thrilled that so many people turned up to the party.

Mundane: very ordinary and therefore not interesting:

- Mundane matters such as paying bills and shopping for food do not interest
her.

Totter: to walk with difficulty in a way that looks as if you are about to fall:
- She tottered unsteadily down the stairs in her high-heeled shoes.

Loathing: a strong feeling of hating someone or something:

- The thought of him touching her filled her with deep loathing.
- He approached his enemy with fear and loathing.

Bonnet: a type of hat that covers the ears and is tied under the chin, worn by babies
or, especially in the past, by women.

Awkward: difficult to use, do, or deal with:

- It's an awkward corner, so take it slowly.
- Some of the questions were rather awkward.
- It was an awkward ascent, but we reached the top eventually.
Enrolment: the act of putting yourself or someone else onto the official list of
members of a group, course, or college:
- The scheme has no interest charges and no enrolment fee.
Matine: a film shown or a play performed during the day, especially in the
afternoon
Afresh: If you do something afresh, you deal with it again in a new way:
- She tore up the letter and started afresh.
- We agreed to look afresh at her original proposal.
Foiled: a very thin sheet of metal, especially used to wrap food in to keep it fresh:
- tin foil
- UK aluminium foil
PHRASAL VERB
Fill in: to do someone else's work for them because they cannot or will not do it
themselves:
- She will fill in for him while he's at the conference.
- I'm not her regular secretary - I'm just filling in.
Sign up: to agree to become involved in an organized activity:
- I've signed up to make the sandwiches for the party.
- She's signed up for evening classes at the community college.

Look at: to think about a subject carefully so that you can make a decision about it:
- Management is looking at ways of cutting costs.

Taps into: to manage to use something in a way that brings good results:
- If only we could tap into all that energy and creativity.

WRITING
- One of the worst/funniest memories is when.
- I spent the whole.
- Thanks for the email
- Great to hear news about your ..
- It is very Handy for the unberground
- I found this thing .
- Must go now as it is time for class
- Be in touch son.

UNIT 2: ISSUES
2.1 VOCABULARY SOCIAL ISSUES

POVERTY They lived in extreme poverty.

DEBT Shes working in a bar to try to pay off / her
debts
HOMELESSNESS people who have nowhere to live, and who
often live on the streets
One common cause of homelessness is
separation or divorce.
MONEY FAMINE A situation in which a large number of people
have little or no food for a long time and
many people die : Poor harvests led to
famine. | 4,000,000 people are threatened
by famine in northern Ethiopia.
DRUNKENNESS The use and misuse of alcohol and other
AND DRUG ABUSE drugs is one of the more controversial issues
in our society.
OBESITY When someone is very fat in a way that is
unhealthy.
Obesity is rising steadily in Europe and
North America.

POLLUTION The process of making air, water, soil etc

ENVIRONMEN dangerously dirty and not suitable for people
T to use, or the state of being dangerously
dirty :
Californias tough anti-pollution laws.

DROUGHT a long period of dry weather when there is

not enough water for plants and animals to
live : The country experienced its worst
drought this century. | In East Africa, three
 years of drought have left 10 million people
in urgent need of food and water.
LACK OF DRINKING The lack of drinking water constitutes no
WATER less
a threat than the lack of food.

FAMILY DOMESTIC Noun, physical abuse in the home.

VIOLENCE
DIVORSE the legal ending of a marriage separation
:

2.2 WERE BEING WATCHED

VOCABULARY SURVEILLANCE
Phone Cameras: These can make people more accountable for (responsible for) their
actions because their photos can be taken and put up on the internet, so its a good thing.
Speed Cameras: Theres not much evidence that they really prevent accidents and law-
abiding citizens (people arent criminals) who drive safely have nothing to fear.
CCTV cameras: They act as a deterrent to crime (a way to stop people from doing
something illegal) because potential criminals know that their actions might be filmed.
Microchips: Because there are in all our credit cards and travel passes it means people
can monitor and long(record) information about our habits and movements as we move
around a city but I dont like the fact that personal data on our shopping habits can be
handed over(given) to other companies.
Street Level Cameras: I think theyre an invasion of privacy because people can see
the area where you live and how to get into your house or apartment.
Number Plate Recognition: I worry that authorities can now keep track of (watch or
follow) you and where you are every minute of the day , that is if you drive, of course. Its
tall part of the growing surveillance society (situation where there is a lot of observation,
filming or recording of people).

UNIT 3: DOWNTIME
3.1 VOCABULARY BEHAVIOUR OPPOSITES

Positive Negative
1 Take care of Neglect (abandon, leave)
2 Pay attention to ignore
3 Compliment someone (on) Criticise someone (for)
4 Get on with something (continue) Put something off (delay)
5 Give in Be stubborn (dont change your opinion)

Examples:

Do you often put off doing important tasks, or do you simply get on with them?
Which do you think is more useful: someone compliment you on your work your
appearance, or when someone criticises you even if they are being honest?
When you have got a problem, do you pay attention to advice from other people
or do you often ignore it and make your own decision?
If you have plants in your house, do you take care of them or neglect them?
When you argue or disagree with a friend, do you tend to be stubborn or are you
the one who usually gives in first?

3.2 FIND YOUR NICHE

VOCABULARY LOCATIONS

Australia is the least densely populated continent with just 2.6 people per square
kilometre.
People who live in close proximity to Los Angeles airport were found to have
higher than normal blood pressure.
Sir Edmund Hillary and Sherpa Tenzing spend fifteen minutes at the summit of
Everest before heading back down the southern slope(the side of
a hill or mountain).
Cape Town about half-way between Santiago , Chile and Perth, Australia as the
crow flies.(directly)
Part of Hong Kong is an island , and part is on a peninsula connected to mainland
China.
The Caribbean island of Haiti was once heavily forested (a lot of forest) but its
now now almost completely barren.(desert, without life).
The remote and unspoilt place in the UK is Foula, an island just off the coast of
northern Scotland.
Lake Baikal is located on the edge of Siberia and contains twenty percent of the
worlds fresh water.

UNIT 4: STORIES
4.1 VOCABULARIO SAYNGS

1 Every cloud has a silver lining

2 What goes around comes around
3 Where theres smoke theres fire
4 Once bitten twice shy
5 When in rome do as the Romans do
6 Where theres life theres hope
7 Nothing ventured nothing gained
8 Lets cross that bridge when we come to it

4.2 VOCAULARY REGRETS

I actually turned down (refuse) and offer to teach English abroad in my gap year.
Now I realise that it was a missed opportunity (You didnt take it).
Lately Ive had a second thoughts about becoming a lawyer. (You feel insecure)
Every time I remember that I kick myself for not having jumped at the chance.
(regret a lot for something you heat/did )
Is my fault and the end and its a pity (shame) that I didnt listen to my fathers
advice. He was a layer and he always said I shouldnt become one.
To make things worse, my best friend from university is teaching abroad , and Im
gutted every time I get a postcard.(To upset, shock, angry)
With hindsight , I think Its the wrong job for me and I should have gone into
teaching or something more human.(Remembering, looking back , retrospective)
UNIT 5: IDEAS
5.1 VOCABULARY CHANGE

The internet has transformed the way people access information.

The microscope altered peoples understanding of the make-up of matter.
The overuse of pesticides has damaged the environment.
The mobile phone has had a beneficial effect on elderly peoples quality of life.
The overuse of antibiotics had a detrimental effect on peoples resistance to
disease.
Audio emails has enhanced blind peoples ability to communicate via the internet.
High speed travel has distorted peoples sense of distance.
The microwave oven revolutionised food preparation.

VOCABULARY PLUS COMPOUND NOUNS

Breakthrough:an important discovery or event that helps to improve a situ

ation or provide an answer to a problem.
E.g. A major breakthrough in the fight against cancer.
Trade-off: a situation in which
you balance two opposing situations or qualities.
E.g. There is a trade-off between doing the job accurately and doing it quickly.
She said that she'd had to make a trade-off between her job and her family.

Outlook: expectations for what will happen.

E.g. The outlook for the economy next year is bleak.

Drawback, Downside : disadvantage or weakness.

The only drawback with this camera is the price.
The downside of living here, of course, is that it is expensive.
 Breakdown: the failure of a system or relationship.

Outcome: the final result of an activity or process

5.2 VOCABULARY ADVERTISING

Commercials
Pop-ups:to appear or happen, especially suddenly or unexpectedly.
E.g. She's one of those movie stars who pops up everywhere, on TV,
in magazines, on Broadway.
The words "Hard disk failure - program aborted" popped up on the screen.

Brands
Endorse/promote
Campaigns
Logos
Influence
Slogans
Cold calls
Advertise
Makes
Jingle

UNIT 06
AGE:
Phrasal verb and meanings:

1.- For his or her age

Para su edad (masculino o femenino)
2.- In his or her prime
En su mejor momento
3.- Act your age
Actua segun tu edad
4.- Come of age
Alcanza la mayora de edad
5.- Immature
Inmaduro
6.- Maturity
Madurez alcanzada
EXAMPLES OF PHRASES:
A.- You should do something but you dont really want to.
Ejemplo: Although We are supposed to attend lectures, I only go when I feel like it.

B.- You musnt do something

Ejemplo: Im never allowed to do something fun before I finish my homework.

C.- You dont have to do something

Ejemplo: I dont need to worry about money.

D.- Yoou talk about ability in the future

Ejemplo: One day, I wont be able to do thing that I want to do.
E.- Someone says that you have to do something
Ejemplo: Maybe she will let me watch some TV.

F.- Someone says you have to do something

Ejemplo: The teachers make us to do two hours homework a day.

G.- You thing, you have to do something.

Ejemplo: I feel obliged to give everyone the impression that I am successful.

H.- Something was difficult but you succeeded in doing it.

Ejemplo: I managed to pass my first set of exam, though it wasnt easy.

VOCABULARY:
1.- Have your ups and downs: Tener tus altos y bajos
2.- Going no were: Estas atascado o dando vueltas en el mismo sitio.
3.- Taking one step forward, and two steps back: Avanzas un paso y retrocedes
dos.
4.- Looking forward to: Estar a la espectativa.
5.- Have mixed feelings: Tener emociones combinadas.
6.- The last thing you feel like doing. Que es lo ltimo que deseas hacer.
7.- Look on the bright side: Mirar el lado positivo de las cosas.
8.- Gloomy: Pesimista
9.- Fills you with optimism and hope: Llenarte de optimism y esperanza.
10.- Fills you with despair: Te llena dedesesperanza.

UNIT 07
Media:
VOCABULARY AND PHARSAL VERBS:
Pharsal verbs:
1.-Turned out:
Hundreds turned out to hear his speech. (Aparecieron, asistieron)

2.- Broke down:

My car broke down today. (Se descompuso o se malogro)

3.- Come across:

She come across as a confident person but she is not. (parecia un tipo de
persona)

4.- Brings out:

Your new job brings out the best in you. (Sacando lo major de t)

5.- Take back:

I take back everything I said about Tom, he is really nice. (Arrepentirse)

6.- Put me up:

Could you put me up, I lost the bus. (Hospedarme en la casa de alguien)

7.- Broke into:

Someone broke into the bank and stole a big amount of money.

8.- Pulling out:

I lost the train it was pulling out when I got to the station. (Leaving)

Vocabulary:
Broadsheet:
A newspaper that is printed on large sheets of paper, or an advertisement printed
on a large sheet of paper:
In Britain, the broadsheets are generally believed to be more serious than the
tabloids.

Circulation:
The number of people that a newspaper or magazine is regularly sold to:
Example: The paper has a circulation of 150,000.

Columnist:
Someone who writes a regular article for a newspaper or magazine:
a gossip/sports columnist
Example: She's a columnist for USA Today.

Tabloid:
(of or relating to) a type of popular newspaper with small pages that has many
pictures and short, simple reports:
Example:
The tabloid press
A tabloid newspaper

Features:

A typical quality or an important part of something:

The town's main features are its beautiful mosque and ancient marketplace.
Our latest model of phone has several new features.
A unique feature of these rock shelters was that they were dry.

Readership:
The group of people who regularly read a particular newspaper, magazine, etc.:
The magazine has a readership of over 250,000.
It's a newspaper with a large right-wing readership.

Editorial:
An article in a newspaper that expresses the editor's opinion on a subject of
particular interest at the present time:
All the papers deal with the same subject in their editorials.

Biased:
Showing an unreasonable like or dislike for a person based on personal opinions:
The newspapers gave a very biased report of the meeting.
I think she's beautiful but then I'm biased since she's my daughter.

Supplements:
Something that is added to something else in order to improve it or complete it;
something extra:
The doctor said she should be taking vitamin supplements.
The money I get from teaching eveningnight classes provides a supplement to my
main income.
We paid a supplement (= an extra amount of money) so that we could have a cabin
on board the ship.

Sensationalism:
The act by newspapers, television, etc. of presenting information in a way that is be
shocking or exciting:
The newspaper has been accused of sensationalism in its coverage of the
murders.

UNIT 8
BEHAVIOUR:
Vocabulary:
DECISION:
Put off a decision

Postpone a decision

Arrive at decision

Come to a decision
ONES PRINCIPLES:
Go against ones principles.

Stick to ones principles.

Betray ones principles.

Follow ones principles.

THE PROS AND CONS:

Analyse the pros and cons.

Compare the pros and cons.

Weigh up the pros and cons

Examine the pros and cons.

A SITUATION:
Analyse a situation.

Weigh up a situation

Assess a situation.

Examine a situation

VOCABULARY OF FEELINGS:

Bright and breezy: Te sientes brillante y lleno de energa.

Groggy: Te siente un poco mareado, especialmente en las maas al levantarte.
At your sharpest: En tu mas aguda e intensa parte del da.
At your lowest ebb: En tu punto mas bajo, te siente cansado.
Have a sense of dread: Tener una sensacin de miedo.
Have a spring or a bounce in your step: Te sientes entusiasmado.
Wide awake: Despierto por completo.
Despise it with a passion: Despreciar algo con passion.

Idioms:
Pressed for the time:
We were pressed for the time. (presionado por el tiempo)

Cut it short:
We have to cut it short.

Biding someones time

He is biding his time. (Esperando el tiempo oportuno)

Once in a blue moon

It happens once in a blue moon. (De vez en cuando)

Time after time

I have tried time after time. (Una y otra vez)

Make up for lost time

We have to make for lost time. (Recuperar el tiempo perdido)

Dragging their feet

They are dragging their feet on a decision. (Estan demorando en tomar una
decision).

UNIT 09:
TROUBLES:
VOCABULARY:
Pickpocketing:
The crime of stealing things out of people's pockets or bags, especially
in a crowd
Kidnapping:
An occasion when someone is kidnapped
Hacking:
The activity of illegally using a computer to access information stored
on another computer system or to spread a computer virus:
Hacking is now much more sophisticated and harder to detect than a
few years ago.
Tax evasion:
Ways of illegally paying less tax than you should.
Vandalism:
A person who intentionally damages property belonging to other
people:
Vandals smashed windows and overturned cars in the downtown
shopping district.
Identity theft:
The illegal use of another person's personal details, for example in
order to steal money from their bank account:
The new law tries to protect consumers against identity theft and credit
card fraud.
Counterfeiting:
The activity of making illegal copies of things such as bank notes,
DVDs, or official documents:
Allegations of counterfeiting and money laundering
The growing problem of counterfeiting and piracy
Mugging:
An act of attacking someone and stealing their money:
Police are concerned that mugging is on the increase.
Arson:
The crime of intentionally starting a fire in order to damage or destroy
something, especially a building:
 A cinema was burned out in north London last night. Police suspect
arson.
Shoplifting:
To take goods illegally from a store without paying for them
Bribery:
The crime of giving someone money or something else of value, often
illegally, to persuade that person to do something you want:
Charges of bribery and official corruption were made

UNIT 10: CULTURE

10.1. MOVING EXPERIENCES
10.1.1 Vocabulary

Experience Adjectives Definition Example

Exciting or interesting in The film is a gripping account
Gripping a way that keeps your of the early days of the
attention. revolution.
Full of It is a myth that all older
action/suspe people struggle with the fast-
Fast-paced Happening very quickly.
nse paced evolution of information
technology.
The dancers gave an
Electrifying Very exciting.
electrifying performance.
Extremely bad and A horrific
Horrific
shocking or frightening. murder/accident/attack, etc.
Causing an unpleasant
Creepy feeling of fear or slight A creepy ghost story.
Frightening horror.
Frightening, usually
because it is connected The film evokes chilling
Chilling
with something violent reminders of the war.
or cruel.
Emotional/oft Causing feelings of pity
It was a touching story that
en sad Touching or sympathy; making
moved many of us to tears.
you feel emotional.
Causing you to have
A moving story/speech
Moving deep feelings of sadness
A deeply moving experience
or sympathy.
Poignant Having a strong effect A poignant
on your feelings, image/moment/memory, etc.
 especially in a way that
makes you feel sad.
If something is
predictable, you know in
The ending of the book was
Predictable advance that it will
entirely predictable.
happen or what it will be
like.
Not good
Not interesting or The first half of the game was
Dull
exciting. pretty dull.
Tot good enough,
In the end I think the film was
Weak especially in ability, skill,
spoilt by a weak story line.
or quality.
If something is
unforgettable, you
Unforgetta cannot forget it, usually The music is what makes the
ble because it is so movie so unforgettable.
Very good beautiful, interesting,
enjoyable, etc.
Very good, enjoyable, I just bought this awesome
Awesome
etc. new CD!
Brilliant Very good; excellent. How was it? Brilliant!
Definitions and examples have been taken from Oxford (http://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/) and Cambridge
dictionaries (http://dictionary.cambridge.org/).

10.1.2. Interesting titbits (write descriptively)

Adverbs Definition Example Collocation

Convincingly In a way that makes Her case was convincingly Acted by
somebody believe that argued.
something is true.
Harshly In a cruel, severe and His findings have been Criticised
unkind way. harshly criticized by fellow by
scientists.
Skilfully In a way that shows skill. He skilfully steered the Directed/act
conversation to a safer topic. ed by
Widely By a lot of people; in or Her books are widely read (= Praised/criti
too many places. a lot of people read them). cised by
Sensitively In a way that shows He writes sensitively. Directed/act
understanding art, music ed by
and literature and an
ability to express
yourself through them.
Overwhelmi In a way that is very They voted overwhelmingly Praised/criti
ngly great or very strong; in a against the proposal. cised by
way that is so powerful
 that you cannot resist it
or decide how to react.
Highly Very. Highly Praised by
successful/skilled/intelligent.
With admiration or His teachers think very highly
praise. of him
At or to a high standard, (= have a very good opinion
level or amount of him).
highly trained/educated
Poignantly In a way that has a Their experiences of war are Directed/act
strong effect on your poignantly described. ed by
feelings, especially when
it makes you feel sad.
Heavily To a great degree; in She has been heavily Criticised
large amounts criticized in the press. by
Definitions and examples have been taken from Oxford (http://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/) and Cambridge
dictionaries (http://dictionary.cambridge.org/).

10.2. POPULAR CULTURE

10.2.1. Vocabulary arts

Vocabulary Definition Example

To cause a lot of interest and Emma caused quite a stir in her little
Creating a
excitement. Making a black dress last night.
stir
difference.
If something is ground- His latest movie is interesting, but not
Ground- breaking, it is very new and a ground-breaking.
breaking big change from other things
of its type.
When a film, concert, etc. is We couldn't get seats - the concert was
Sell-out sold out, all of the tickets for sold out.
it have been sold.
Used to tell people that Sydney is one of the world's must-see
something is so good or cities.
Must-see
interesting that they should
see.
A situation in which There's been a lot of hype
something is advertised and around/surrounding his latest film.
Hype discussed in newspapers, on
television, etc. a lot in order
to attract everyone's interest
After all I'd heard about the movie, it
Letdown A disappointment.
turned out to be a bit of a letdown.
If a book, play, film, etc. Her first book flopped, but her second
Flop
flops, it is not successful. became a bestseller.
Mainstream Considered normal, and World Music is now well established and
having or using ideas, beliefs, popular with mass audiences and
etc. that are accepted by mainstream companies.
 most people
Alternative things are In Los Angeles many companies
considered to be unusual and encourage their employees to use
Alternative often have a small but alternative means of transportation,
enthusiastic group of people rather than the car.
who support them.
Definitions and examples have been taken from Oxford (http://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/) and Cambridge
dictionaries (http://dictionary.cambridge.org/).

10.2.2. Vocabulary plus

Two-parts Two-parts
Definition Definition
phrases phrases
(Things that you) (Every)
Do's and
should and shouldn't now and Sometimes (occasionally)
don'ts
do. then
Off and on / (For short periods of Sick and
Discouraged (or bored)
on and off time but) not regularly. tired
Through
Peace and Freedom from
and Thoroughly (completely)
quiet disturbance.
through
Ups and downs (the mixture
of) good and bad things (that
Leaps and By very large degrees Ups and happen) (Ups and downs are to
bounds or rapidly. downs be expected in life, but that
doesn't make the down parts
any easier.)
To compromise (negotiate,
Advantages and Give and bargain; lively two-way
Pros and cons
disadvantages. take discussion, the exchange of
ideas or conversation).
(do sth) in
(For a long time) a rough Quickly (and without preparing
On and on
without stopping. and ready it carefully).
way
(A person's) good fortune and
bad fortune (I've had my ups
(someone's
Rough and Not very polite (or well- and downs, but in general life
) ups and
ready educated). has been good to me. All
downs
people have their ups and
downs.)
The content has been taken from: https://quizlet.com/129154288/102-vocabulary-two-part-phrases-and-their-definitions-
flash-cards/
10.3. ON YOUR LEFT
10.3.1. Vocabulary (dimensions)

http://www.tinyteflteacher.co.uk/learning-english/FCE/word-formation-quantities.html