CentOS

Server
Installation
 Table of Contents
I. Introduction 3
i. What is an operating system? 3
ii. What is a server operating system? 3
iii. Why CentOS Server? 4
Scale out with Ubuntu Server 4
Ubuntu Server on Power 4
Performance and versatility 4
Scale without limits4
A release schedule you can depend on 4
Landscape support and systems management 4
Deploys anywhere 5
Built for big data and cloud 5
The fast track to visualization and containers 5
A thriving community 5
iv. Types of web server? 6
Apache HTTP Server 6
Internet Information Service 6
Lighttpd 6
Sun Java System Web Server 7
Jigsaw Server 7
II. Installation and System Requirements 8
III. Creating an Install Drive/Bootable Drive 8
IV. Booting from Install Drive/Bootable Drive 8
V. On-Screen Installation 9
i. Installation language option screen 9
ii. Default language option screen 9
iii. Select your location 10
iv. Auto-detection of CD-ROM drives 10
v. Auto-detection of network hardwares (Ethernet and/or Wireless
Adapter) 12
vi. Network configuration 13
vii. Setting-up user account 14
viii. Clock Settings 15
ix. Disk Partitioning 16
x. Installing the system 18
xi. Configuring apt (Advanced Packaging Tool) 18
xii. Software Selection20
xiii. Installing GRUB and other software to finish installation 22

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VI. Post Installation 23
Accessing Root/Gaining Root Privileges 23
Changing of the repository source 24
Install webmin 25
Login to webmin 25
Install Apache 26
Install MySQL 26
Install phpmyadmin 28
VII. Sources 29

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 I. Introduction

i. What is an operating system?

An operating system is the most important software that runs on a computer. It manages the
computer's memory and processes, as well as all of its software and hardware. It also allows you
to communicate with the computer without knowing how to speak the computer's language. Without an
operating system, a computer is useless.

ii. What is a server operating system?

A server operating system, also called a server OS, is an operating system specifically designed to
run on servers, which are specialized computers that operate within a client/server architecture to
serve the requests of client computers on the network.
The server operating system, or server OS, is the software layer on top of which other software
programs, or applications, can run on the server hardware. Server operating systems help enable and
facilitate typical server roles such as Web server, mail server, file server, database server etc.

Popular server operating systems include Windows Server, Mac OS X Server, and variants of
Linux such as Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) and SUSE Linux Enterprise Server.

Servers are often categorized in terms of their purpose. A Web server is a software responsible for
accepting HTTP requests from clients, which are known as Web browsers, and serving them HTTP
responses along with optional data contents, which usually are Web pages such as HTML documents
and linked objects (images, etc.).
Here are a few types of servers, among a great number of other possibilities:
An application server is a program in a computer in a distributed network that provides the business
logic for an application program.
A proxy server is software that acts as an intermediary between an endpoint device, such as a computer,
and another server from which a user or client is requesting a service.
A mail server is an application that receives incoming e-mail from local users (people within the
same domain) and remote senders and forwards outgoing e-mail for delivery.
A virtual server is a program running on a shared server that is configured in such a way that it seems
to each user that they have complete control of a server.
A blade server is a server chassis housing multiple thin, modular electronic circuit boards, known
as server blades. Each blade is a server in its own right, often dedicated to a single application.
A file server is a computer responsible for the central storage and management of data files so that
other computers on the same network can access them.
A policy server is a security component of a policy-based network that provides authorization services
and facilitates tracking and control of files.

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 iii. Why Ubuntu Server?

Scale out with Ubuntu Server

Ubuntu Server brings economic and technical scalability to your data centre, public or private.
Whether you want to deploy an OpenStack cloud, a Hadoop cluster or a 50,000-node render farm,
Ubuntu Server delivers the best value scale-out performance available.

Ubuntu Server on Power

In addition to x86 and ARM servers, Ubuntu is supported on the Power architecture. For the
enterprise datacentre, this means you can now build your infrastructure on any hardware you choose.

Performance and versatility

Agile, secure, deploy-anywhere technology for fast-moving companies

It doesnt matter whether you want to deploy a NoSQL database, web farm or cloud. Ubuntu has the
performance and versatility you need. Certified by leading hardware OEMs and with comprehensive deployment
tools, so you can get the most from your infrastructure.
It doesnt matter whether you want to deploy a NoSQL database, web farm or cloud. Ubuntu has the
performance and versatility you need. Certified by leading hardware OEMs and with comprehensive deployment
tools, so you can get the most from your infrastructure.

Scale without limits

With no license fees or subscription costs, Ubuntu Server can help you scale your data centre efficiently.
Subscriptions to Ubuntu Advantage, Canonicals management programme, include support for unlimited
virtualization and, unlike legacy enterprise Linux distributions, the price does not increase with additional CPU
cores or sockets.

A release schedule you can depend on

Stay up-to-date with regular updates and upgrades

Long-term support (LTS) releases of Ubuntu Server are supported by Canonical for five years. Every six
months, interim releases bring new features, while hardware enablement updates add support for the latest
machines to all supported LTS releases.

Landscape - support and systems management

The Ubuntu Advantage service programme provides fast problem resolution, direct access to
Ubuntu experts and efficient administration with the Ubuntu systems management package, Landscape.

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 Landscape enables you to automate updates and control physical, virtual and cloud servers from
a single interface. Its easy to set up and easy to use, giving you the power to manage thousands of
machines as easily as you can manage one.

Deploys anywhere

Choose from the most popular public clouds

Use Ubuntu Server in the public cloud. Ubuntu cloud guest offers all the benefits of Ubuntu
Server, specially tailored for public cloud infrastructures and without any license restrictions.
Ubuntu is the most widely used developer platform for opensource cloud building, the reference
operating system for OpenStack, and the most popular cloud guest operating system on private and
public clouds globally.

Built for big data and cloud

Speed and simplicity, on bare metal or in the cloud

With its new rapid deployment tools, Ubuntu significantly speeds up the installation of server
instances on bare metal. And our service orchestration tool, Juju, makes deploying big data services
surprisingly simple on bare metal or in the cloud. Thats why vendors like 10gen, Cloudera,
Couchbase, DataStax, Hortonworks, LexisNexis and Map-R partner with us.

The fast track to visualization and containers

Ready to boost efficiencies and reduce costs? Virtualize your servers with Ubuntu Server, KVM
and LXD. When you use a secure, lean version of Ubuntu as a guest operating system for your
application, you can create virtual machines and machine containers in seconds. KVM, LXD, Xen,
VMware, Vagrant, VirtualBox, and Docker are all first class experiences with Ubuntu Server. KVM
virtualization is now also available in Ubuntu Server for ARM and IBM POWER8.
Canonical supports an open ecosystem of operating system intercompatibility. By providing
choice, users of Ubuntu for both servers and clouds are empowered to succeed with any workload. They
encourage others to do the same and offer support for all (currently supported) versions of Ubuntu
Server running on other virtualization platforms, including KVM on other commercially available Linux
distributions, VMware vSphere, and Microsoft Hyper-V.

A thriving community

Exchange expertise and ideas with thousands of other IT professionals

Want to talk to other Ubuntu users straightaway? Share ideas and get advice and help from our
large, active community of IT professionals. As a community, they set high standards for friendliness
and tolerance, they welcome your questions and contributions!

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 iv. Types of web server

Every Website sits on a computer known as a Web server. This server is always connected to the
internet. Every Web server that is connected to the Internet is given a unique address made up of a
series of four numbers between 0 and 255 separated by periods. For example, 68.178.157.132 or
68.122.35.127.

When you register a web address, also known as a domain name, such as tutorialspoint.com you have
to specify the IP address of the Web server that will host the site. You can load up with Dedicated
Servers that can support your web-based operations.

There are four leading web servers Apache, IIS, lighttpd and Jagsaw. Now we will see these servers
in bit more detail.

Apart from these Web Servers, there are other Web Servers also available in the market but they are
very expensive. Major ones are Netscape's iPlanet, Bea's Web Logic and IBM's WebSphere.

Apache HTTP Server

This is the most popular web server in the world developed by the Apache Software Foundation.
Apache web server is an open source software and can be installed on almost all operating systems
including Linux, Unix, Windows, FreeBSD, Mac OS X and more. About 60% of the web server
machines run the Apache Web Server.

You can have Apache with tomcat module to have JSP and J2EE related support.

You can have detailed information about this server at Apache HTTP Server

Internet Information Services

The Internet Information Server (IIS) is a high performance Web Server from Microsoft. This web
server runs on Windows NT/2000 and 2003 platforms (and may be on upcoming new Windows version
also). IIS comes bundled with Windows NT/2000 and 2003; Because IIS is tightly integrated with the
operating system so it is relatively easy to administer it.

You can have detailed information about this server at Miscrosoft IIS

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 lighttpd
The lighttpd, pronounced lighty is also a free web server that is distributed with the FreeBSD operating
system. This open source web server is fast, secure and consumes much less CPU power. Lighttpd can
also run on Windows, Mac OS X, Linux and Solaris operating systems.

You can have detailed information about this server at lighttpd

Sun Java System Web Server

This web server from Sun Microsystems is suited for medium and large websites. Though the server is
free it is not open source. It however, runs on Windows, Linux and Unix platforms. The Sun Java
System web server supports various languages, scripts and technologies required for Web 2.0 such as
JSP, Java Servlets, PHP, Perl, Python, Ruby on Rails, ASP and Coldfusion etc.

You can have detailed information about this server at Sun Java System Web Server

Jigsaw Server
Jigsaw (W3C's Server) comes from the World Wide Web Consortium. It is open source and free and
can run on various platforms like Linux, Unix, Windows, Mac OS X Free BSD etc. Jigsaw has been
written in Java and can run CGI scripts and PHP programs.

You can have detailed information about this server at Jigsaw Server

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 II. Installation and System
Requirements
At least 300 MHz x86 processor
At least 192 MB of system memory (RAM)
At least 1 GB of disk space
Graphics card and monitor capable of 640x480
Ubuntu Server (CLI) Installation .ISO file (downloading current version is highly recommended)
If you haven't already, you will need to download their latest Ubuntu Server OS from their
official download page.
At least 2GB USB Drive (since it is more convenient than CD Drives)

III. Creating an Install

Drive/Bootable Drive
You'll need a USB drive with at least 2 GB of free space and a software like UUI,
UNetbootin, PowerISO or Rufus. You can see further details on how to use them on their
respective links.

IV. Booting from Install

Drive/Bootable Drive
In order to start the installation process, you must boot your computer from the bootable/install drive.

Assuming that your computer is still on, start by inserting your install drive and restarting your
computer.

Most computers will briefly allow you to change the boot order for this boot only by pressing a
special key usually F12 , but sometimes Esc or another function key. Refer to the screen or
your computer's documentation to be sure.

Press F12 (or the appropriate key) and select the install driveusually "USB-HDD" or
something containing the word "USB", but the wording may vary. If you choose the incorrect
drive, your computer will likely continue to boot as normal. Just restart your computer and pick a
different drive in that menu.

Shortly after selecting the appropriate boot drive, you should be presented with the Ubuntu
splash screen or language option screen. You may now follow the on-screen instructions which
will guide you through the rest of the process.

Otherwise, after selecting the appropriate boot drive, and youve not presented with the Ubuntu
splash screen or language option screen, you have failed to create a bootable drive. You may
choose another software to use on the given list above.
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V. On-Screen Installation
i. Installation language option screen

Choose the appropriate language that fits you.

ii. Default language option screen

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iii. Select your location

iv. Auto-detection of CD-ROM drives

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v. Auto-detection of network hardware (Ethernet and/or Wireless adapter)

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 vi. Network configuration

Enter your desired hostname.

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 vii. Setting-up user account

Enter your desired input for the following fillable below.

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viii. Clock Settings

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ix. Disk Partitioning

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Be careful on choosing a partitioning method, if you are installing on another partition residing in your
current disk and youre not familiar with this part, choose Manual and use this link as a guide.
For now, we are choosing the Guided - Use entire disk for the installation.

Linux installer will partition your disk as ext4 and swap file system format.

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x. Installing the system.

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xi. Configuring apt (Advanced Packaging Tool)

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xii. Software Selection

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Choose predefined software to install.

Set a password for the MySQL administrative user also known as root.

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xiii. Installing GRUB and other software to finish installation

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 VI. Post Installation
There are several types of a network server but at this point you will use Ubuntu server as a web server
This is the guide on how to build, setup and configure unmanaged web server on VPS or Dedicated
servers.

Before you proceed, these are basic skills you have to master or at least know part of it. You can use the
following links below as a guide.

How to use PuTTY (Windows) Mac and Linux use Terminal

Most popular and common commands use in SSH-ing a server

SPECIAL NOTE: For the following instructions/guides/tutorials, it is recommended that

you are using PuTTY to access the Ubuntu server via ssh and installing necessary
software.

Accessing Root/Gaining Root Privileges

Root privileges are the powers that the root account has on the system. The root account is the most
privileged on the system and has absolute power over it (i.e., complete access to all files and
commands). Among root's powers are the ability to modify the system in any way desired and to grant
and revoke access permissions (i.e., the ability to read, modify and execute specific files and directories)
for other users, including any of those that are by default reserved for root.

Normally, you are using your own user account since the installation process. In order for you to access
the root from your own user account, you should have to run this command:

sudoi

If you are prompted for a "[sudo] password", enter your user's password.
So, after running sudo -i all subsequent commands you run will be run as though you had run them
with sudo. You are now logged in as root and no longer need sudo to gain privileges.

NOTE: Now that you already know the importance of the root account, you should have to take over
and change the root password for security purposes. This is very important, keep your password
secure and strong as possible.

You can change the current users password by running the command:

(Assuming that now you are logged in as root)

root@hostname:`#passwd

EnternewUNIXpassword:
RetypenewUNIXpassword:
Passwd:passwordupdatedsuccesfully

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Changing of the repository source

In order for you to change the repository youll need to be familiar with the terminal based text editor
like nano or vi. For more information about these text editors, just click on their respective links.
Ubuntu uses apt for package management. APT (Advanced Packaging Tool) stores a list of
repositories or software channels in the file

/etc/apt/sources.list

and in any file with the suffix .list under the directory

/etc/apt/sources.list.d

See man sources.list for more details about this storage mechanism.
By editing these files from the command line, we can add, remove, or temporarily disable software
repositories.

cp/etc/apt/sources.list/etc/apt/sources.list.backup

Typically, the beginning of the file /etc/apt/sources.list looks like this:

#nomorepromptingforCDROMplease
#debcdrom:[Ubuntu16.04_XenialXerus_Releasei386(20111013.1)]/xenialmain
restricted

debhttp://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntuxenialuniversemultiverse
debsrchttp://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntuxenialuniversemultiverse

debhttp://ph.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/xenialuniverse
debsrchttp://ph.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/xenialuniverse
debhttp://ph.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/xenialupdatesuniverse
debsrchttp://ph.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/xenialupdatesuniverse

debhttp://ph.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/xenialmultiverse
debsrchttp://ph.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/xenialmultiverse
debhttp://ph.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/xenialupdatesmultiverse
debsrchttp://ph.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/xenialupdatesmultiverse

debhttp://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntuxenialsecurityuniverse
debsrchttp://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntuxenialsecurityuniverse
debhttp://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntuxenialsecuritymultiverse
debsrchttp://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntuxenialsecuritymultiverse

Depending on your location, you should replace ph' by another country code, referring to a mirror
server in the region where you belong or near you that seems to be better and frequently updated.
Check sources.list on your server to see what is used!

NOTE: After every edit/replacement on your repository source, it is very important that you must
update your package manager by running the command:

aptgetupdate

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Install webmin

To install Webmin via apt-get, you must first add the Webmin repository to your sources.list file.
On your server, open the sources.list file in your favorite text editor. You will use nano for this:

nano /etc/apt/sources.list

If you are prompted for a "[sudo] password", enter your user's password.
Now press Ctrl-W then Ctrl-V to navigate to the end of the file, then add the following lines to the file:

debhttp://download.webmin.com/download/repositorysargecontrib
debhttp://webmin.mirror.somersettechsolutions.co.uk/repositorysargecontrib

When you are finished editing, save the file by pressing Ctrl-X, then y, RETURN.

Now add the Webmin GPG key to apt, so the source repository you added will be trusted. This
command will do that:

wget -q http://www.webmin.com/jcameron-key.asc -O- | sudo apt-key add

Before installing Webmin, you must update apt-get's package lists/package index:

aptgetupdate

Now run this apt-get command to install Webmin:

aptgetinstallwebmin

Enter y to confirm the installation.

After the installation is complete, the Webmin service will start automatically.

Login to webmin

In a web browser, access your server's Webmin login page via its public IP address (the same IP
address you used to login via SSH) on port 10000. By default, Webmin will start with SSL/TLS
enabled, so you will need to use HTTPS to connect to it.
Open this URL in your web browser (substitute the IP address):

https://server_IP_address:10000

You will be prompted with a warning that says your server's SSL certificate is not trusted. This is
because Webmin automatically generates and installs an SSL certificate upon installation, and this SSL
certificate was not issued by a certificate authority that is trusted by your computer. Although your
computer cannot verify the validity of the certificate, you know that you are, in fact, accessing your own
server. It is fine to proceed.

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Instruct your web browser to trust the certificate. If you are using Chrome, for example, click
the Advanced link, then click the Proceed to server_IP_address (unsafe) link. If you are using
Firefox, click I Understand the Risks, then the Add Exception... button, then the Confirm Security
Exception button.

At this point, you will see the Webmin login screen:

Enter the same login credentials that you used to log in to your server via SSH. This user must
have root privileges via sudo.

Congratulations! You have successfully installed Webmin, and it is ready to be used. Remember that,
because you are using a privileged user to access Webmin, the Webmin application has full access to
your server keep your login credentials secure!

Install Apache

Apache is a free open source software which runs over 50% of the worlds web servers.
Before installing Apache, you must update the package index/apt-get's package lists:

aptgetupdate

To install apache, open terminal and type in this command:

aptgetinstallapache2

The apt will tell you which packages it plans to install and how much extra disk space they'll take up.
Press Y and hit Enter to continue, and the installation will proceed.

Install MySQL

MySQL is an open-source database management system, commonly installed as part of the

popular LAMP(Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP/Python/Perl) stack. It uses a relational database and SQL
(Structured Query Language) to manage its data.

The short version of the installation is simple:

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update your package index:

aptgetupdate

install the mysql-server package:

aptgetinstallmysqlserver

and then run the included security script (configuring MySQL)

mysql_secure_installation

Then youll be prompted for the MySQL password:

Regardless of how you installed it, MySQL should have started running automatically. To test this,
check its status and run this command:

systemctlstatusmysql.service

You'll see output similar to the following:

If MySQL isn't running, you can start it with:

systemctlst systemctlmysqlstart

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Install phpmyadmin

To get started, first make a folder on the on the Apache web root named phpmyadmin by running the
command:

mkdir/var/www/html/phpmyadmin/

and then locate your current directory on that folder by running the command:

cd/var/www/html/phpmyadmin/

Once you get there, copy the link address of the current version of phpMyAdmin archive that is
compatible with the PHP version of the server from their download page.
Once you have copied the link address, enter the command wget + (space) then paste the link address
(assuming that you are using PuTTY from the very beginning for easier pasting from clipboard)

Example:

wgethttps://files.phpmyadmin.net/phpMyAdmin/4.6.5.2/phpMyAdmin4.6.5.2english.zip

*GNU wget is a free utility for non-interactive download of files from the Web.

By running the command ls on the current directory, you can see the archive file phpMyAdmin-x.x.x.x-
english.zip.
Example:

phpMyAdmin4.6.5.2english.zip

In order for the archive file to be extracted, you must install unzip program.

aptgetinstallunzip

after installing the unzip, run the command unzip + (space) + archive filename

unzipphpMyAdmin4.6.5.2english.zip

Again by running the command ls now, you must see the folder named after the archive file besides the
previous file.

phpMyAdminx.x.x.xenglishphpMyAdminx.x.x.xenglish.zip

You are almost done, but then you need to install mbstring extension by running the command:

aptgetinstallphp7.0mbstring

Finally, open this URL in your web browser (substitute the IP address) for you to redirect on
phpMyAdmin login page and enter login credentials then voil!

https://server_IP_address/phpmyadmin/

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 VI. Sources

WHY UBUNTU SERVER?

https://www.ubuntu.com/server

TYPES OF WEB SERVER

https://www.tutorialspoint.com/web_developers_guide/web_server_types.htm

INSTALL LINUX PROGRAM INSTRUCTIONS

https://www.digitalocean.com/

COMPLETE NEWBIE GUIDE TO SERVER TO HOST WEBSITES

http://www.servermom.org/using-putty-to-ssh-to-your-server-from-windows/46/

20 TOP MOST USED & COMMON SSH COMMANDS

http://www.servermom.org/top-most-used-common-ssh-commands/56/

SOFTWARE FOR MAKING BOOTABLE/DRIVE

https://www.pendrivelinux.com/universal-usb-installer-easy-as-1-2-3/
https://rufus.akeo.ie/
http://www.poweriso.com/
https://unetbootin.github.io/

UBUNTU SERVER OFFICIAL DOWNLOAD PAGE

https://www.ubuntu.com/download/server

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