Malaria

Malaria is caused
by the bites from the
female Anopheles mosquito,
which then infects the body
with the parasite Plasmodium. This is the only mosquito that can cause malaria.

The successful development of the parasite within the mosquito depends on several
factors, the most important being humidity and ambient temperatures.

When an infected mosquito bites a human host, the parasite enters the bloodstream
and lays dormant within the liver. For the next 5-16 days, the host will show no
symptoms but the malaria parasite will begin multiplying asexually.7

The new malaria parasites are then released back into the bloodstream when they
infect red blood cells and again begin to multiply. Some malaria parasites,
however, remain in the liver and are not released until later, resulting in recurrence.

An unaffected mosquito becomes infected once it feeds on an infected individual,

thus beginning the cycle again.

The video below from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute visualizes how a
single bite from an infected mosquito can quickly turn into the life-threatening
disease.

Tuberculosis
 The Mycobacterium
tuberculosis bacterium causes
TB. It is spread through the air
when a person with TB (whose
lungs are affected) coughs,
sneezes, spits, laughs, or talks.

TB is contagious, but it is not

easy to catch. The chances of
catching TB from someone you
live or work with are much
higher than from a stranger.
Most people with active TB
who have received appropriate
treatment for at least 2 weeks are no longer contagious.

Since antibiotics began to be used to fight TB, some strains have become
resistant to drugs. Multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) arises when an
antibiotic fails to kill all of the bacteria, with the surviving bacteria
developing resistance to that antibiotic and often others at the same time.

MDR-TB is treatable and curable only with the use of very specific anti-
TB drugs, which are often limited or not readily available. In 2012,
around 450,000 people developed MDR-TB.
 Diarrhea

Bacterial infections cause the more serious cases of diarrhea. Typically,

infection with bacteria occurs after eating
contaminated food or drinks (food
poisoning). Bacterial infections also cause
severe symptoms, often with vomiting,
fever, and severe abdominal cramps or
abdominal pain. Bowel movements occur
frequently and may be watery and
individuals may experience "explosive
diarrhea" which is a very forceful, almost
violent, expulsion of loose, watery stool
along with gas.

Parasites cause infection of the digestive

system by the use of contaminated water.
Common parasitic causes of diarrhea include
Giardia lamblia, Entamoeba histolytica, and Cryptosporidium.

Intestinal disorders or diseases including inflammatory bowel disease, irritable

bowel syndrome (IBS), diverticulitis, microscopic colitis, and celiac disease, and
malabsorption (trouble digesting certain nutrients) can cause diarrhea. Many of
these disorders can cause the diarrhea to be yellow in color.