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STUDY OF BIOLOGICAL, PHISHYCAL, AND CHEMICAL PRETREATMENT IN
BIOGAS PRODUCTION WITH ANAEROBIC DIGESTION

Siswo Sumardiono 1*), Ihdina Sulistianingtias 2*), Tri Yulianto Nugroho 3*) and
Budyono 4*)
Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Diponegoro University, Postal
Code 50239, Semarang, Indonesia
(1) siswo.sumardiono@che.undip.ac.id, (2) ihdina.tias@gmail.com
(3) triyuliantonugroho52@gmail.com and (4) budiyono@live.undip.ac.id,
*
Corresponding Author
Abstract
Biogas is one of source of alternative energy that has the potential to be developed.
The main components of biogas are methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2). Biogas also
contains small amounts of hydrogen sulphide, nitrogen, and oxygen hydrogen. Biogas is
produced from the decomposition of organic material in anaerobic condition. The second
generation of biogas uses waste of lignocellulosic raw materials. Lignocellulosic raw
materials can be obtained from waste organic residues. One of them is waste bagasse.
Lignocellulosic raw materials difficult to processed because of their structure which is
impenetrable so that is necessary for the pretreatment of raw materials. Biogas is produced by
hydrolysis, acidogenesis and methanogenesis steps. In this research study about the effect of
time on the production of biogas with composition ratio between the raw material bagasse,
the effect of physical, chemical, and biological pretreatment in raw material bagasse for the
production of biogas, the mostbiogas components compositionis produced by anaerobic
digestion of raw materials bagasse. The variabels are Feedstock / innolucum used 10 and 18%
use physical pretreatment <16 mesh, chemical submerged in a solution of NaOH 3 gr/gr TS,
and the biological pretreatment by microbial consotium 5% gr/v. Biogas formation process
conducted over 2 months, the test response quantitative results in the form of biogas volume
every 2 days. The highest biogas production is 87,99 ml/gr TS from variabel bagasse with
physical pretreatment, microbial, liquid state and C/N 25.
Key Words : Biogas, Sugar cane (Bagasse), lignocelulosic, pretreatment.
INTRODUCTION
The need of the world energy will increased high enough through the growth of the
population and the development of the world economic ( Yan et al., 2012). Indonesias
population according to Bappenas and BPS in 2014 is 1,49%. It shows that the need of
energy will be more.The price of the oil is also estimated to be going to be USD/barel in 2013
( Priyanto, 2014). Biogas is a solution alternative in the case of energy crisis. Many advanced
and developed countries have developed biogas technology, even the tool of the first producer
anaerobic was built in 1990 (Fang et al., 2011). Biogas can be used as the fuel of vehicle and
as electric generator and heat (Carvalho, 2010). This biogas has speciality one of it is it
doesnt produce smoke which is special alternative energy. Together with the knowledge
development the fact is that the height of the energy price and the need of the substation fosil
energy. Many examiners who suggest to produce biogas from the rubbish of the plantation or
plantation.
Biogas is the case of energy crisis alternative ( Rajib, 2012). Biogas is the energy
which is produced by the organic material which is fermented in aerobic condition (Budyono
et al., 2013). Biogas is produced from the source of energy which can be renewed ( Al Saedi,
2008). Biogas can be used as the vehicle fuel and for the electric and heat generator
(Radjaram and Saravanane, 2011). The produce of the biogas from the materaial of biomass
has been done since few decades ago, as in India which has produced biogas since 1950
( Divya et al., 2014).
The standard material of the biogas can be found from biomass lignosellulolitic and
several kind of the organic rubbish for example; the dung of the animal, the dump of the
industrial water. The production of biogas in the process of anaerobic digesty is the expedient
to replace the fosil fuel ( Xu et al., 2013). The production of biogas from the rubbish and
several kind of residual organic using the method of anaerobic digesty has been learnt a lot,
whether it is experimental or theoritical manner in six decades (Marek et al., 2014). The
rubbish of the plantation likes bagasse plup can be in large quantity from the sugar and
alcohol industry ( De Souza, et al., 2012). Bagasse is always only used as fuel to produce the
energy of the sugar factory. However, the large quantity from the bagasse which is remained
isnt used and be burnt so that it can cause environment case (Hanim., et al., 2012). Bagasse
can be found from the rest of sugar industry in industrial manufacture (Liu et al., 2015).
MATERIALS AND METHODS

The method which is used to obtain the aim of this examination is by performing the
experiment of the laboratory scale which was done in the laboratory of the manufacture
rubbish Chemical Engineering, faculty of engineering Diponegoro University and the way of
manufacture which is done by using method of anaerobic digestyat the mesofilik condition,
that is at environment temperature (23-35oC). The research consists of four steps,;
1. The step of pretreatment

Pretreatment through 3 steps,
The physics pretreatment
The bagasse which is needed in every variable is 232 gram. In the physics
pretreatment is found the raw size and the fine one (<6 mesh). The fine size is
found by mixing the bagasse until to be fine then filter according to the size.
The chemical pretreatmnet
Bagasse which is big and fine size will be added NaOH 3% g /gTS and then being
silenced for 24 hours.
Biology Pretreatment
Bagasse which has been done through the chemical treatment for 24 hours then it is
arranged pH first used HCl before being added microbial consortium. After pH in
neutral condition add microbial consortium 5% g/V
2. The Opration step ( The manufacture of biogas)
Substrat which has experienced pretreatment is mixed with rumen as 200 ml ( for each
variable) which acts as the starter metanogenic microbial. Add urea as micronutrien and
add water until the volume reach 2000 ml. The fermentation process begins being done.
Take a note the gas volume is formed every two days in once.
3. The step of the analysis result ( The data Analysis)
Biogas volume data is aalyzed in the form of graph relationship of biogas volume to
thetime. The graph analysis and based on phenomenon theory for the variable influence
to the result which is found at the result graph.
Result and Discussion

The influence of the bagasse measurement to the Biogas Production
The influence the bagasse measurement at the liquid state condition to the biogas production
7
6
kasar+ liquid state + C/N 25
5
4
biogas production (ml/gr TS) 3 C/N 30
kasar + liquid state +
2
1 C/N 25
halus + liquid state +
0
0
14
28
42
56
halus + liquid state + C/N 30
time (day)
Figure 1 Biogas production with liquid state condition at C/N 25 and 30

80
60
kasar + liquid(ml/gr
Total biogas production C/N 40
state +TS) 30
20
0 0
24
48
time (day)
Figure 2 Total biogas production with liquid state condition at C/N 25 and 30
Total biogas production at the variety of the raw bagasse C/N 25, raw C/N 30, fine
C/N 25 and the fine one C/N 30. The total of the biogas volume at these four variabilities step
on from the second day to fifty second day. At the raw bagasse C/N 25 the total volume of the
biogas is 48,215 ml/gr Ts. At the raw bagasse C/N 30 the volume cumulative biogas up to the
fifty second day, that is 44,979 ml/gr Ts. At the fine bagasse C/N 25 the commulative volume
biogas is better up to reaches 33,719 ml/gr Ts. At the fine bagasse C/N 30 commulative
volume biogas is 118,91 ml/gr Ts. The highest biogas production is produced at the fine
bagasse C/N 25 that is 50,908 ml/gr Ts.
The influence of the bagasse measurement at the solid state condition to the biogas
production
4
3.5
kasar+ solid state + C/N 25
3
2.5
kasar + solid 2
biogas production (ml/gr TS) state + C/N 30
1.5
1
halus + solid state
0.5 + C/N 25
0
12
24
36
48
60
0
halus + solid state + C/N 30
time (day)
Figure 3 Biogas production at the solid state condition with rasio C/N 25 and 30
100
kasar+ solid state + C/N
8025
60
Produksi kumulatif biogas (ml/gr TS) 40 30
kasar + solid state + C/N
20
0
0
18
36
54
waktu (hari)
Figure 4 Total biogas productionat the solid state condtion with ratio C/N 25 and 30
Total biogas production at the raw bagasse C/N 25, raw C/N 30, fine C/N 25 and the
fine one C/N 30 successively reaches 51,823 ml/gr Ts, 54,085 ml/gr Ts, 57,858 ml/gr Ts and
38,584 ml/ gr Ts.
The influence of the bagasse measurement at the solid state condition. With addition the
consorsium bactery to the biogas production.
4.5
4
kasar+ liquid state + 3.5
mikroba + C/N 25
3
2.5
kasar + liquid
Biogas production state
(ml/gr TS) + mikroba
2 + C/N 30
1.5
1
halus + liquid state +0.5
mikroba + C/N 25
0
0
12
24
36
48
60
halus + liquid state + mikroba + C/N 30

time (day)
Figure 5 Biogas production at the bagasse of the liquid state condition with addition
consortium bactery with ratio C/N 25 and 30
100
90
kasar+ liquid state
80+ mikroba + C/N 25
70
60
Total biogas production 50 + mikroba + C/N 30
kasar + liquid state
(ml/gr TS) 40
30
20 + mikroba + C/N 25
halus + liquid state
10
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
time (day)
Figure 6 Total biogas production of the liquid state condition with addition consortium
bactery with ratio C/N 25 and 30
At the raw bagasse C/N 30 the biogas cumulative volume is 54,085 ml/gr Ts, at the
fine bagasse C/N 25 the biogas production is very good. The comulative volume of the biogas
reaches 57,858 ml/gr Ts. At the fine bagasse C/N 30the biogas commulative volume which is
produced is ml/gr Ts. The highest biogas production is produced at the fine bagasse C/N 25
that is 38,584 ml/gr Ts
The influence of the bagasse measurement at the solid state condition. With the addition
consortium bactery to the biogas production.
4
3.5
kasar+ solid state + mikroba + C/N 25
3
2.5
kasar + solid state 2+ mikroba + C/N 30
biogas production (ml/gr TS)
1.5
1
halus + solid state + mikroba + C/N 25
0.5
0
60
0
10
20
30
40
50
halus + solid state +mikroba + C/N 30

time (day)
Figure 7 Biogas production at the bagasse of the solid state condition with addition
80
70
kasar+ solid state + mikroba + C/N 25
60
50
40
kasar + solid state + mikroba + C/N 30
Total biogas production (ml/gr TS)
30
20
10
0
60
0
12
24
36
48
time (day)
Figure 8 total biogas production at the bagasse of the solid state condition with addition
The total biogas production at the coarse bagasse C/N 25 coarse C/N 30, fine C/N 25
and fine C/N 30 successively reach 57,9 ml/gr Ts, 37,483 ml/gr Ts, 52. 076 mlgr Ts and 39,6
ml/gr Ts.
The biogas production at the bagasse with physical pretreatment is better than biogas
production at the bagasse without experiencing physical pretreatment. This happens because
the smallness of the particle measurement which can reduce crystalinitas cellulose and the
disturbance of the defense. There fore it will simplify hydrolisis process so that it produces
the step on bioenergy production ( Li et al., 2010 ). Otherwise the smallness of the bagasse
measurement can step on the width of the surface and the pore of the measurement and
reduces crystalinitas and degree of the cellulose polymerization ( Taherzadeh and Karimi,
2008 ). By giving NaOH can help the process destruction of the lignin structure which is
usually called process delignification.
The Influence of the addition consorsium bactery to the biogas production.
The influence of the addition consorsium bactery at the solid state condition of the rough
bagasse to the biogas production.
4
3.5
3
2.5
2 30
kasar + liquid state + C/N
Biogas production (ml/gr TS)
1.5
1
0.5
0
24
0
12
36
48
60
time (day)
Figure 9 Biogas production at the liquid state condition of the rough bagasse with C/N 25 and
C/N 30
90
80
kasar+ liquid state + C/N70
25
60
50
kasar + liquid state + C/N 30
Total biogas production (ml/gr TS) 40
30
20
10
0
0
14
28
42
56

time (day)
Figure 10 Total biogas production at the liquid state condition of the rough bagasse with C/N
25 and C/N 30
Total biogas production at C/N 25 with addition consortium microba and without
microbial consorsium successively for the rough bagasse reaches 579 ml/gr Ta and 51,823
ml/gr Ts. While Total biogas production at C/N 30 with addition microbial consortium and
without microbial consortium successively at the rough bagasse reaches 37,483 ml/gr Ts and
54,085 ml/gr Ts.
The influence of the addition consortiu bactery at the rough bagasse of the liquid state
condition to the biogas production.
4
3.5
3
2.5
kasar + solid state +2C/N 30
BIogas production (ml/gr TS)
1.5
1
0.5
0
10
30
50
0
20
40
60
kasar + solid state + mikroba +C/N 30
time (day)
Figure 11 Biogas poduction at the rough bagasse of the solid state condition with ratio C/N
25 and 30.
90
80
kasar+ solid state + C/N70 25
60
50
Total biogas production (ml/gr TS) 40 30
kasar + solid state + C/N
30
20
10
0
0
24
60
12
36
48
kasar + solid state + mikroba +C/N 30

time (day)
Figure 12 Total biogas production at the rough bagasse of the solid state condition with ratio
C/N 25 and 30.
The total volume of the biogas at the rough bagasse for the ratio C/N 25 and 30
without the addition of microbe is 51,823 ml/gr Ts and 54,085 ml/gr Ts, for the biogas with
C/N 25 and 30 with the addition microbial consorsium is found the total volume 57,9 ml/gr
Tsand 37,483 ml/gr Ts. So that it is concluded that the best result is obtained fro the rough
bagasse with C/N 25 and the addition microbial consorsium. Microbial consorsium can help
dissociation the content of the cellulose.
The influence of the addition consortium bactery at the fine bagasse of the solid state
condition to the biogas production.
7
6
halus+ liquid state + C/N 25
5
4
biogas production (ml/gr TS) 3
2
1 mikroba + C/N 25
0
48
0
12
24
36
60
time (day))
Figure 13 Biogas productionat the fine bagasse of the liquid state condition wtih ratio C/N 25
and 30.
100
90
halus+ liquid state + C/N 2580
70
60
50
40
30
20 + C/N 25
halus + liquid state + mikroba
10
0
0
18
36
54

time (day)
Figure 14 Total biogas production at the fine bagasse of the liquid state condition wtih ratio
C/N 25 and 30.
The biogas production atthe bagasse with addition of microbial consorsium at the
ratio C/N 25 has the highest result. Total biogas production at C/N 25 wether with addition of
microbial consorsium or without microbial consorsium successively for the fine bagasse
reaches 34,521 ml/gr Ts and 38,584 ml/gr Ts. While the total bogas production at C/N 30
wheter with addition mirobial consortium or without microbial consorsium successively for
the fine bagasse reaches 50,908 ml/gr Ts and 38,033 ml/gr Ts.
The influence of the addition consortium bactery at the fine bagasse of the liquid state
sondition to the biogas production.
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
biogas production (ml/gr TS)
1.5
1
halus +solid state + C/N 25
0.5
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
time (day)
Figure 4.15 Biogas productionat the fine bagasse of the liquid state condition with ratio C/N
25 and 30.
80
70
60
50
40
Total biogas halus + solid(ml/gr
stateTS)
+mikroba + C/N 30
production
30
20
halus +solid state + C/N1025
0
0
36
12
24
48
60

time (day)
Figure 4.16 Total biogas production at the fine bagasse of the liquid state condition with ratio
C/N 25 and 30.
The total of the biogasvolume at the bagasse has experienced the smallness
measurement. The bagasse with C/N 25 obtains the result of 50,908 ml/gr Ts to the variability
with C/N 30 is 57,85 ml/gr Ts. At the variabilyty with addition microbe finds the result at C/N
25 is 52,076 ml/gr Ts and C/N 30 is 39,6 ml/gr Ts.
It is concluded that biogas production at the bagasse with addition consorsium bactery
is better than biogas production at the bagasse without addition consorsium bactery. This is
caused by the activty consorsium bactery which consists of streptomyces sp, geobacillus sp,
and trichoderma fungus (Herawati and Wibawa, 2010 ). The function of the microorganism
is guessed to perform deignification, lower degree polimerization cellulose, and hidrolysis
hemycellulose. The addition of consorsium bactery step on degradation cellulose,
hemycellulose and lignin becomes the contents which is needed by organism biogas
producer, so that the biogas production steps on ( Bai et al., 2010; Zhang et al., 2011 ). The
use of microbe can exchange the structure of the component and steps on hidrolysis enzimatic
( Dhouib et al., 2006; Kurakake et al., 2007; Schober and Trosch, 2000; Srilatha et al., 1995;
Taniguchi et al., 2005).
The influence of the ratio C/N to the biogas production.

The influence of the ratio C/N to the biogas production at the rough bagasse.
4
3.5
kasar+ liquid state + mikroba + C/N 25
3
2.5
2
kasar + liquid state + mikroba + C/N 30
1.5
1
0.5
0
0
12
24
36
48
60

time (day)
Figure 17 Biogas productionat the rough bagasse and the addition microbial consorsium.
90
80
kasar+ liquid state + mikroba
70 + C/N 25
60
50
total biogas production (ml/gr TS) 40
30
20
10
0
0
14
28
42
56

time (day)
Figure 18 Total biogas production production at the rough bagasse and the addition microbial
consorsium.
The volume of the commulative biogas at the rough bagasse and addition microbial
consorsium for the variety bagasse C/N 25 solid state C/N 25 liquid state, C/N 30 solid state
and C/n 30 liquid state. At the bagasse C/N 25 solid state, the volume of the total bagasse
steps on from the second day until the fifty second day at the solid state C/N 25 and C/N 30
the total result of the biogas is 57,9 ml/grTS and 37,483 ml/gr Ts. At the liquid state C/N 25
and C/N 30 is 35,85 ml/gr Ts and 31,468 ml/gr Ts. The best result is shown from the biogas
solid state C/N 25.
4
3.5
3
2.5
kasar + solid state2+ C/N 30
Produksi biogas (ml/gr TS)
1.5
1
0.5
0
0
12
24
36
48
60
kasar + liquid state +C/N 30
waktu (hari)
Figure 19 Biogas production at the rough bagasse without consorsium bactery
90
80
kasar+ solid state +70
C/N 25
60
50
kasar + solid state + C/N 30
total biogas production (ml/gr TS) 40
30
20
10
0
0
16
32
48
kasar + liquid state +C/N 30

time (day)
Figure 20 Total biogas production at the rough bagasse without bacterial consorsium.
At the bagasse C/N 25 solid state and liquid state successively is 51,823 ml/gr Ts and
48,215 ml/gr Ts at the bagasse C/N 30 solid state and liquid state successively is 54,085 ml/gr
Ts and 44,979 ml/gr Ts. So that ist is concluded that the best biogas is produced with the solid
state at C/N 30.
7
6
halusr+ liquid state + C/N 25
5
4
biogas production (ml/gr TS) 3
2
halus + solid state
1 + C/N 25
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
time (day)
Figure 21 the daily speed of biogas production at the fine bagasse
80
70
60
50
halus + liquid state 40
Total biogas [rosduction (ml/gr TS) + C/N 30
30
20
halus + solid state +10
C/N 25
0
0
32
16
48

time (day)
Figure 22 Total biogas production at the fine bagasse
At the bagasse C/N 25 the liquid state and solid state. The total volume which is obtained
successively is 34,521 ml/gr Ts and 57,858 ml/gr Ts. At the bagasse C/N 30 solid state and
liquid state the total volume which is found successively is 50,908 ml/gr Ts and 38.584 ml/gr
Ts. So that it is concluded that the highest volume from the biogas iis found from solid state
C/N 25.
4.5
4
halus + liquid state3.5
+ mikroba + C/N 25
3
2.5
Biogas production (ml/gr TS) 2
1.5
halus + solid state +1mikroba + C/N 25

0.5
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
halus + solid state + mikroba +C/N 30
time (day)
Figure 23 Biogas productionat the fine bagasse with addition consorsium bactery.
100
90
80 + C/N 25
70
60
50 + C/N 30
40
30
20 + C/N 25
halus + solid state + mikroba
10
0
0
16
32
48

time (day)
Figure 24 Total biogas production at the fine bagasse with addition consorsium bactery.
According to Fry ( 1974) the comparison of C/N from organic material decide the
activity microbe and biogas production. The need of carbon element can be fulfiled from
carbohidrat, fat and organic acid while the need of nitrogen is fulfiled from protein, ammonia
and nitrate. The comparison C/N (C/N ratio) substrat will influence to the microorganism
growth. The comparison C/N for each organic content will influence the biogas composition
which is produced. The composition which is too low will produce biogas with the content
low CH4, high CO2, low H2 and high N2. The composition C/N which is too high will
produce biogas with the content low CH4, high CO2, high H2 and low N2. The composition
C/N which is well balanced will produce biogas with high CH4 reasonable CO2 , low H2 and
N2 (Bruni et al., 2010). According to Yani and Darwis (1990) microbe which acts in the
process aerobically needs nutrition for growing source of nitrogen. The well balance between
carbon and nitrogen in the source which is used as substrat needs to get attention. There fore
when there is too much nitrogen, the growth will be chased. In this case especially for the
source of which content is very high ammonia ( Lin et al., 2010), while substrat which only
little nitorgen bactery wont produce enzim which is needed to syntesis the content (substrat)
which content carbon, substrat which is the highest is C/N 25 because the highest ratio C/N
turns 25 because the highest ratio C/N turns between 20:1 until 30:1 (Deublein, 2008).
The influence of the biodigester condition to biogas production.
The influence of the ratio biodigester condition to the biogas production at the rough bagasse
4
3.5
kasar+ liquid state + mikroba + C/N 25
3
2.5
kasar + liquid state + mikroba
2 + C/N 30
1.5
1
0.5
0
0
12
24
36
48
60

time (day)
Figure 25 Biogas productionat the rough bagasse and addition microbial consorsium.
90
80
kasar+ liquid state + mikroba70
+ C/N 25
60
50
Total biogas production gas (ml/gr TS) 40
30
kasar + solid state + mikroba20

+ C/N 25
10
0
0
20
40
60
time (day)
Figure 26 Total biogas production at the rough bagasse and addition microbial consorsium.
The volume of the commulative biogas at the rough bagasse and addition microbial
consorsium for the variety of the bagasse C/N 25 solid state, C/N 25 liquid state, C/N 30 solid
state, C/N 30 liquid state. At the bagasse C/N 25 liquid and solid state, the total volume
biogas successively is 35,85 ml/gr Ts and 57,9 ml/grTs. At the bagasse C/N 30 liquid and
solid state, the total volume biogas successively is 31,468 ml/gr Ts and 37,483 ml/gr Ts.
4
3.5
3
2.5
2 + C/N 30
kasar + liquid state
1.5
1
0.5
0
0
12
24
36
48
60

time (day)
Figure 27 Biogas productionat the rough bagasse without bactery consorsium.

90
80
kasar+ liquid state +70C/N 25
60
50
kasar + liquid state + C/N 30
Total biogas production (ml/gr TS) 40
30
20
10
0
0
14
28
42
56
time (day)
Figure 28 Total biogas production at the rough bagasse without consorsium batery
The volume of the commulative biogas at the rough bagasse and without addition
microbial consorsium for the variety bagasse C/N 25 solid state, C/N 25 liquid state, C/N 30
solid state, C/N 30 liquid state. At the bagasse C/N 25 solid and liquid state, the total volume
of the biogas successively is 51,823 ml/gr Ts and 48,215 ml/gr Ts. At the bagasse C/N 30
solid and liquid state the total volume of the biogas successively is 54,085 ml/grTs and
48,979 ml/gr Ts. The best result is found with the solid state condition and C/N 25. The ratio
influence C/N to the biogas production at the fine bagasse.
7
6
5
4
2
1
0
48
60
0
12
24
36

time (day)
Figure 29 Biogas productionatthe fine bagasse

80
70
60
50
40C/N 30
30
20
10
0
0
16
32
48
time (day)
Figure 30 the total biogas production at the fine bagasse.
The cummulative of the volume biogas at fine bagasse (it is mixed) and without
additional microbial consorsium for the variety bagasse C/N 25 solid state C/N 25 liquid
state, C/N 30 solid state and C/N 30 liquid state. At the bagasse C/N 25 liquid and solid state
the total of the volume biogas 34,52 ml/gr Ts and 57,858 ml/gr Ts. At the bagasse C/N 30
liquid and solid state the total volume of the biogas is 50,908 ml/grTs and 38,584 ml/gr Ts.
The best result is found at the variable solid state C/N 25.
4.5
4
3.5 + C/N 25
3
2.5
1.5
1
0.5
0
0
12
24
36
48
60

time (day)
Figure 31 Biogas productionat the fine bagasse with the addition of the consorsium bactery
100
90
80 + C/N 25
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0
12
24
36
48
60
time (day)
Figure 32 Total biogas production at the fine bagasse with the addition of the consorsium
bactery
Figure 32 shows that the result of the accumulative biogas production at the fine
bagasse with the addition of the microbe at C/N 25 liquid and solid state namely 37,937
ml/grTs and 52,076 ml/gr Ts at C/N 30 liquid and solid state namely 38,033 ml/gr Ts and 39,6
ml/gr Ts. The best biogas is found at the solid state condition with C/N 25.
According to Sadaka and Engler (2003) the value of the water is one of the parameter
which is the most important to influence the anaerobic digestion of the solid rubbish. In this
examination shows that solid state is better than liquid state, at the bigger scale solid state is
more preferable because the volume which is needed smaller than liquid state for the need of
the transportation and microbe has been sufficient (Don Brown, 2012).
CLOSING
Conclusion
The biogas production at the bagasse by mixing (fine) is better than the biogas
production without being mixed (rough) because the smallness of the particle can reduce
crystalinisation cellulose and the disturbance of the defense at the lignin. The biogas
production at the bagasse with addition of the microbial consorsium is better than the biogas
production without addition microbial consorsium can make faster cellulose degradation,
hemicellulose and lignin. The highest of the biogas production is found at the ratio C/N 25.
The comparison of C/N substrat will influence at the growth microorganism, microbe which
acts in the process anaerobically which needs nutrition for growing and developing in the
format the source of carbon and nitrogen. The highest biogas production is found at the
bagasse which is performed by the smallness measurement of the pretreatment with the
addition microbial consorsium and ratio C/N 25 with the speed of the biogas production at
the highest is 3,882512 ml/gr for a day and Total biogas production is 84,7822 ml/gr .
Suggestion
The continued examination needs to be done to know the duration of the fermentation
to the biogas production and the content of the methane gas which is produced. The
measurement using the method of the water displacement needs to be done accurately in
order to be read easily.

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STUDY OF BIOLOGICAL, PHISHYCAL, AND CHEMICAL PRETREATMENT IN

BIOGAS PRODUCTION WITH ANAEROBIC DIGESTION

Key Words : Biogas, Sugar cane (Bagasse), lignocelulosic, pretreatment.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

1. The step of pretreatment

Result and Discussion

Figure 1 Biogas production with liquid state condition at C/N 25 and 30

halus + liquid state + mikroba + C/N 30

halus + solid state +mikroba + C/N 30

The Influence of the addition consorsium bactery to the biogas production.

halus + liquid state + mikroba + C/N 30

kasar + solid state + mikroba +C/N 30

halus + liquid state + mikroba + C/N 30

halus + solid state + C/N 30

The influence of the ratio C/N to the biogas production.

kasar + solid state + mikroba + C/N 30

kasar + solid state + mikroba + C/N 30

Figure 19 Biogas production at the rough bagasse without consorsium bactery

kasar + liquid state +C/N 30

Figure 21 the daily speed of biogas production at the fine bagasse

halus + solid state + C/N 30

Figure 22 Total biogas production at the fine bagasse

halus + solid state +1mikroba + C/N 25

halus + solid state + mikroba +C/N 30

The influence of the biodigester condition to biogas production.

kasar + solid state + mikroba + C/N 30

kasar + solid state + mikroba20

kasar+ solid state + C/N 30

Figure 27 Biogas productionat the rough bagasse without bactery consorsium.

halus + solid state + C/N 30

Figure 29 Biogas productionatthe fine bagasse

Figure 30 the total biogas production at the fine bagasse.

halus + solid state + mikroba +C/N 30

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