The knowledge of measurement

Overview | Solutions | Metering | Measurement technology

Contents

3 Achieve more with KROHNE

4-5 Superior solutions for many application

6-11 Custody Transfer

12-17 KROHNE Liquid & Gas metering solutions

18-23 Pipelines

24-29 Loading / Offloading

30-33 Biofuels Industry

34-37 Tank Farm

38-39 Training Installation Commissioning Service (TICS)

40-41 Calibration at KROHNE

42 KROHNE-proved
Achieve more with KROHNE
KROHNE is an international leader in the development
and production of innovative and reliable process
measuring equipment and systems, offering solutions
for all industries worldwide.
KROHNE was founded in 1921 in Duisburg and in 2007
had an annual turnover of almost 273 million Euros.
It has a staff of over 2500. The company has
14 production facilities and owns 42 companies
and joint ventures. KROHNE Oil & Gas is one of the
most important members of KROHNE Group and
has its head quarter in Breda (NL), very close to the
biggest flow meter production and calibration facility
of the KROHNE group in Dordrecht (NL).
KROHNE Oil & Gas has important and dedicated
facilities in Sheffield (UK), Sliedrecht (NL) and in Kuala
Lumpur (Malaysia). In the rest of the world, where
Oil & Gas activities are significant, KROHNE Oil & Gas
has offices with qualified and specialised people.
KROHNE is always a fair and reliable partner to its
customers, business partners, and employees.
As an innovator and technology leader we offer our
customers optimal products and solutions, which will
always satisfy or exceed their expectations in terms
of quality, performance, service and design.
Customer-orientation begins as early as the research
and development phase. Many solutions, now
considered as standard, were initially developed by
KROHNE in cooperation with customers.
Here are some of the most important examples in the
field of Oil & Gas measurement.
In 1978 KROHNE introduced the first Ultrasonic
flowmeter, followed in the 1997 with the first
multi-product custody transfer ultrasonic device for
liquids, the ALTOSONIC V, a milestone for the Oil & Gas
market.
In 1994 KROHNE launched the first single
straight-tube mass flowmeter, which in 2005 alongside
ultrasonics became the new standard for custody
transfer measurement!
In 1995 the first TDR level and interface device and in
2003 the first 26 GHz loop-powered level radar meter,
for liquids and powders. KROHNE once again focused
its research and development into creating new
technologies for solutions not only for the measuring
device, but for specific industrial problems.
In 1995, the first E-RTTM leak detection and
localisation system, in accordance API and Germanys
TFRL regulation was introduced. It is the most reliable
controller of pipelines available.
The year 2000 brought the inauguration of the worlds
largest and most accurate calibration rig in Dordrecht.
KROHNE is the measurement expert. The products
from our research and development are an example of
high quality, good performance, reliability leading to
good customer satisfaction.
4

Everything under control

Superior solutions for every application

Enormous quantities of oil and gas are transported daily across the
world. Every day millions of barrels are sold and every day millions of
people handle dangerous products and processes.

Only one thing is essential: Everything must be under control!

Accuracy in the measurement and safety in the procedures and

processes require mature and foolproof technology with reliable and
highly accurate instrumentation and measuring and control systems.

KROHNE has experience in:

Consultancy studies
Fiscal regulations and verification procedures imposed
all over the world
Metering validations and proving technics
Periodical verification activities
Revamp projects

In house engineering, development, design and manufacturing of:

Fiscal & Custody Transfer meters
Fiscal & Custody Transfer metering systems for liquids, gas and
condensate
Tailor- made Fiscal & Custody Transfer solutions
KROHNE Oil & Gas has unique
expertise in the field of the Oil & Gas
flow and level measurement.

KROHNE know how is seen not only

in standard applications, but also, and
particularly, in demanding applications
that require tailor-made solutions.
 5

From customer requirements and from the conceptual

design to start up, commissioning and periodical verification,
KROHNE is your single source responsability

Exploration
& Extraction

Transfer

Storage

Blending & Refining

Storage

Transfer
6
 7

Custody transfer
Custody transfer means assurance for both parties!
That necessitates meters and equipment with:
high accuracy
good repeatability
long term reliability
sealed systems to prevent unauthorised manipulation
no drift in the measurement
proven long term stability

New technologies without moving parts are performing far better

than any other mechanical flow meter before. Periodical verifications
are still done because the regulations demand them even
though the meter does not need them. There is no drift at all in the
measurement!

Features such as bidirectional flow measurement, multiproduct

capabilities, and a large dynamic range have become standard!

No less important are integrated diagnostic capabilities that exceed

the expectations: a continuous monitoring of the status of the
electronics, sensor performance and application conditions, such
as water or air bubbles, produce a system that can give real-time
signals and alarms and initiate prompt control of the metrological
procedure.

When the drops cost...

8

KROHNE Custody Transfer Flow meters

ALTOSONIC OPTIFLUX OPTIMASS

Technical data
Accuracy Meter: 0,15% of MV
OIML R117 class 0,3: 0,2% of MV
Repeatibility Meter: 0,04% of MV
OIML R117 class 0,3: 0,12% of MV OIML R117 class 0,3: 0,12% of MV OIML R117 class 0,3: 0,12% of MV
Outputs Pulse/frequency outputs
(90 phased shifted)
Function: actual flow
Others on request
Power Supply 230 110 V AC or 24 V DC
Sensor Material Stainless steel 316/316L
Carbon steel/Duplex
Other materials on request
Size From DN 50 (2)
up to DN 1000 (40)
Process conditions
Flow rate max. Up to 28.400 m3/h
Process temperature -25+180C*
Ambient temperature -50+65C*
Process pressure Up to 150 bar*
Explosion safety ATEX / FM
Approvals
National approvals
2004/22/CE (MID)
Meter: 0,1% of MV
OIML R117 class 0,3: 0,2% of MV
Meter: 0,05% of MV
Pulse/frequency outputs
(90 phased shifted)
Function: actual flow
Others on request
230 110 V AC or 24 V DC
Electrodes: SS/HC/Ti
Liners: PFA/PTFE/Ceramic/PP
Other materials on request
From DN 15 (1/2)
up to DN 3000 (120)
Up to 100.000 m3/h
-40+180C*
-40+65C*
Up to 150 bar*
ATEX / FM
National approvals
2004/22/CE (MID)
Meter: 0,1% of MV
OIML R117 class 0,3: 0,2% of MV
Meter: 0,05% of MV
Pulse/frequency outputs
(90 phased shifted)
Function: actual flow
Others on request
230 110 V AC or 24 V DC
Measuring tube:
Stainless steel 318L
Titanium alloy
From DN15 (1/2)
up to DN 250 (10)
Up to 1.200.000 Kg/h
(Volume Flowrate = Mass flow rate
dividet per density)
45+130C/150C*
-40+ 65C*
Up to 150 bar*
ATEX / FM
National approvals
2004/22/CE (MID)

* Lower or higher optional

Electromagnetic flowmeters
The measuring principle:

The electromagnetic flowmeter is based on Faradays

law of induction. According this law, a certain voltage
is induced in a conductor or conductive medium,
which moves in a magnetic field. This voltage is
proportional to the movement speed of the medium.
For electromagnetic flowmeters, the induced voltage
is tapped either via two measuring electrodes that are
in conductive contact with the measure substance or
in a capacitive manner with no contact. An electronic
measuring transducer amplifies the signal and converts
it to a standard signal
 9

Ultrasonic flowmeters
The measuring principle:

The ultrasonic flowmeter ALTOSONIC is based on

the difference in transit-time method. Each couple of
transducer (channel), built in the opposite side of the
measuring tube, send and receive acoustic signals
through the flow in two opposite directions. One signal
is sent downstream the flow and one is sent upstream,
both along the same path. A sound wave travels faster
with the flow than one propagated against the flow.
The difference in both transit time is proportional to the
mediums flow velocity. Number, shape and location of
the channels, are the key points to get a good rebuilding
flow profile.

Coriolis mass flowmeters

The measuring principle:

The mode of operation of mass flowmeter is based

on the Coriolis principle. This allows you to
determine the mass flow of liquids and gases from the
deformation of the measuring pipe caused by liquids
and gases.
At the same time, the density of the medium can be
taken from the resonance frequency of the pipe that
has been caused to vibrated. Two sensor coils serve
to detect the Coriolis effect. If there is no flow, both
sensors record the same sinusoidal signal.
Once a flow begins, the Coriolis force acts on the
flowing mass particles of the medium and leads to a
deformation of the measuring pipe and a phase shift
between the sensor signals. The sensors measure the
phase shift of the sinusoidal vibrations. This phase
shift is directly proportional to the mass flow.
Volume flow is calculated from mass and density
measurement.
10

But only the meter is not enough!

Temperature control, pressure monitoring, air presence, filters,

Flow computers installation rules, pumps and valves positioning, verification procedures,
calculation data collecting., all contribute to make a custody transfer
measure, a proper one! Let KROHNE specialist do that!

Superior Flow Computer Technology

According the data applications and customers needs, specific

procedures are implemented to make the flow computer the most
appropriate.

Remote Internet access

On line flow calculation
PID and Batch Controls
Several hundreds batches stored
Multiple meter streams
Support of any communication protocol
Support of unlimited number of meter runs
Integrated Loading/Unloading, Blending, Additive injection
procedures
Sampling quality monitoring
Pipeline management
API, AGA, ASTM Calculation

A complete automation system, can combine the Flow Computer

with many other equipment, as fiscal printer and fiscal computer -
UPS2000, custody transfer approved as well.

The whole custody transfer chain is sealed

Transmission data is unbreakable; no changing are possible!
Network is open and any other system can be connected.

Architecture is flexible and modular: from cheap and simple solutions

up to complete and automatic solutions for integrated and different
measuring system.

CONTROL ROOM Fiscal Documentation

OPC
Fiscal PC
BOL printer OPC TAS
Fiscal printer

TCP/IP
EDI

Controller for
Ex or Safe Area

CAN OPEN CAN OPEN CAN OPEN CAN OPEN

FIELD

Terminal Ex

1 2 ... n
 11

Take control of the entire terminal!

Inventory
Pipeline Barge Loading

Rail car System Control Rail Car Loading

Barge
Computer Operated Terminal
Automation System
Tank Farm Management
Traffic Control
Loading Contracts
Access Control
Loading Documents
Reports
Data excange with HOST Tank Truck Loading
Control of Loading
and Unloading

Dispensing
Product Reception Pump Station

PC based loading computer system coordinates all active modules

in the tank farm terminal, from receipt (pipeline, railcar, truck, ship
and barge), inventory control to product delivery. Connected to all
instrumentation, it controls all loading and off-loading processes from
small to very large tank farm.

Billboard Storage Control

Main Exit Pump Control

Tank Manager
BOL Control
Loading Area Exit - Stock Management
MESSAGE SERVER - Level Gauge
Truck Manager
- Scheduling Weight bridge
- Traffic Control
Rail Car Islands
1.....n Registration
Truck Islands Entrance
1.....n

Visualisation of online process data

Control, Monitoring and Trending of instrument values during
transfer operations
Alarm & event reporting
Extensive diagnostic capabilities
Validation procedures

A secure operation with maximum data integrity is guaranteed.

Easy to operate human machine interface is in your language.
One central Terminal Manager can collect all terminal data from
different operating terminals, offering reconciliation of batches.
12
 13

KROHNE Liquid & Gas metering solutions

In-depth knowledge of the Oil& Gas products and procedures, in energy-related
products, as well as comprehensive experience in the processes obtained over more
than 80 years in measurement, advanced R&D structure and strong cooperation with
the authorities, make KROHNE a reliable partner for your important measuring tasks.

Small-and-simple up to large-and-comprehensive metering solutions

Custody-transfer solutions
Turnkey and tailor-made solutions
Proving systems solutions
Complete revamping
Best meter technology
Secure operation with guaranteed maximum data integrity
Easy human interface machine operations
Highest performance achieved, according the largest international rules.

Always with KROHNE expert personal, from the concept, through the engineering,
manufacturing, allocating, start up, to the first and periodical verification.
Consulting and supports with the metrological authorities.

Stations delivered are:

Pre-fabricated
Cabled
Calibrated
In accordance with major international standards
(API, ATEX, MID, ASTM, PED, AGA, ...)
Tested
Painted

Single-source responsibility from concept to end

14

Analiser systems
Sampling systems
METERING HOUSES
Density
Gas composition

FLOW COMPUTERS & CABINETS

LIQUID STATIONS
TYPE OF PRODUCTS Crude oil
Condensate
Refined products
Liquid propane / butane, LNG, etc.
Multiproduct

TYPE OF METERING STATIONS Flow metering systems for

Offshore platforms, FPSOs
Transport / pipeline & terminals
Loading & offloading
Refineries
Calibration & verification

Fiscal & custody transfer metering and allocation metering

CALIBRATION SYSTEMS
Basic and standards laboratories
Temperature, pressure, volume and mass
Humidity laboratories
Gas quality laboratories
Composition of calibration gas
Basic nozzle calibration systems
Basic verification systems and Calibration installations
Displacement unit, ball prover, master meter, rotary piston prover
 15

SUPERVISORY VALIDATION
& &
FLOW COMPUTER SYSTEMS PROVING SYSTEMS

FULLY INTEGRATED METERING SKIDS WITH:

Flow meters: Ultrasonic, orifice, turbine, Coriolis, etc.
Piping & Valves
Other instrumentation: temperature & pressure transmitters, etc

GAS STATIONS
TYPE OF PRODUCTS Metering
Pressure reduction
Metering & pressure reduction
Metering & flow control
Metering & pressure reduction & flow control

TYPE OF GAS STATIONS Upstream systems Production metering onshore & offshore
Well metering
Measurement for gas & liquid
Gas and liquid sampling
Analyser systems
Pressure & flow control

Border crossing systems Metering

Flow control
Gas analysing systems

Transport Measurement Metering

Gas analyser systems
Flow / pressure control

City Gate stations Large and industrial stations

Metering
Pressure control
Gas analysing systems

Distribution stations Industrial & Households

Metering
Pressure control
16

Innovation combined with knowledge

guarantees the most efficient solution

KROHNE has continuously invested significantly in new technologies,

facilities, human resources, and quality procedures. This and the
wealth of experience in providing solutions to the Energy market,
make the KROHNEs project management able to satisfy the highest
quality standards in our factories. We comply with the most important
international codes and fiscal regulations, often even exceeding the
requirements and the expectations of the end users.

KROHNE offers a variety of technologies including ultrasonic, turbine,

PD, mass meter, orifices plate, depending on the fluid and the required
performance level.

To ensure maximum efficiency for our customers, KROHNE actively

pursues ever-improving quality programs for all our employees.

For each project KROHNE provides:

Dedicated project manager
Engineering team offering a complete technical support
at every phase of the project
On site consultancy
Supervisor of the job in-progress
Inspectors or customer witnessing availability at any step of the
production and test phases

Project Management Manufacturing

Design & Engeneering

Calibration & Integrated tests (FAT/SAT)

SINGLE-SOURCE RESPONSABILITY
Consultancy Feed FROM CONCEPT TO COMPLETION

Shipping & Packing

Training & Service

Start-up & Commissioning
 17

Main KROHNE Oil & Gas production facilities

Breda (Netherlands)
Dordrecht (Netherlands)
Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia)
Houston (Texas)
Sheffield (United Kingdom)
Sliedrecht (Netherlands)

Main KROHNE Oil & Gas systems integrator facilities

Brevik (Norway) Malmo (Sweden)
Chengde (China) Milano (Italy)
Dubai (Middle East) Pune (India)
Dordrecht (Netherlands) Romans (France)
Duisburg (Germany) Samara (Russia)
Houston (Texas) Sao Paulo (Brazil)
Johannesburg (South Africa) Shanghai (China)
Macao (Brasil) Wellinborough (United Kingdom)

KROHNE factories are:

ISO 9001/02
ISO 14001
ISO 18001
ISO 17025
18
 19

Pipelines
A complete Pipeline Metering Solution consists of:
Metering skid using the most accurate and reliable flow meter,
selected according the relevant products being measured
Provers and proving functionality
Flow Computer designed for both custody transfer and proving
Pipeline Management Software
Leak Detection and Localisation System
Verification and calibration periodically requested

Any faults, or alarms, even during transients, are detected in real time!
Pipeline status (in terms of cleanness, leakages, ...) is constantly monitored

Delivering products (in terms of quantity, quality, air and water content
monitoring, .) and delivering activities (in terms of procedures, alarms,
valve activation and controls, sampling, ...) are always under control

When every second counts.

20

ALTOSONIC KROHNE uses the most advanced

technology available today.
Accuracy, safety, reliability are
the main features of the KROHNE
pipeline meter solutions

ALTOSONIC is the best meter for pipeline

application:

ALTOSONIC for Multi-Product Pipelines

Handling
Simple and easy
Integrated flow computer calculation
PC-based HMI with all data and diagnostics
High measuring accuracy & repeatibility
Uncertainty: 0,15% MV
Repeatibility: 0,04% band
Viscosity independent
Compensation for flow profile distortion and swirl
High reliability
Multi beams ensure redundancy and validation of results
Redundant electronics
Internal diagnostic
Pipeline piggable
Multi-measurement purposes
Standard volumetric flow rate and totalisation
Additional information on volume, mass flow,
reference density
Product identification and interface detection in
multi-products based on speed of sound
Low capital costs
High turndown ratio
No strainers required
Long working life
Easy installation cost
Bi-directional measurement
Low operational costs
No change of device necessary when changing products
No drift; no re-calibration when changing products
Long term stability
Negligible pressure drop
Low maintenance costs
No moving parts; no wear
No need for periodical re-calibrations
Rugged and reliable design
 21

Flow computer is the heart of a prover

and pipeline metering system

It interfaces with the field equipment and provides:

Dual pulse shifted outputs

Temperature compensation
Density change detection
Dual chronometry for proving
Pressure compensation
Field I/O
Flow and regulating valves
Sampling, BSTW, volume control

Remote handling processes

For complex and multi-pipeline system flow computers
can be remotely controlled by a PC-based Software Pipeline
Manager program, able to control and record all functionalities
of pipeline metering and proving.
It initiates and monitors all batches, proving cycles and
configurations and allows versatile report generation.

Main functions are:

Batch accounting
Proving management
Batch reconciliation
BS&W for crude oil
Product interface account

Removal of turbine and strainer

Turbines clogged by paraffin in crudes
ALTOSONIC ultrasonic flow meter shows
no significant effect by wax or deposits
22

Everything under control

Leak and localisation detection

WHEN EVERY SECOND COUNTS

Pipe Patrol provides very fast in leakage detection and it is very accurate in
the leak localisation of pipelines, whether crossing hundreds of kilometres
over flat land, under rivers and lakes or passing through mountains or
industrial regions.
Zero false alarms by Leak Pattern Recognition
Highest sensitivity even under transient condition through E-RRTM
(Extended Real Time Transient Model)
For liquids, gases and LPG
Batch and pig tracking capabilities
Easy retrofit using existing field instrumentation
Interfaces to existing SCADA system
Permanently available
Rapid, reliable

It complies with the most rigorous regulations in the world: API STD 1130
(USA) and TFRL (Germany).

E-RTTM
uses existing instrumentation
Pressure at inlet and outlet*
Temperature at inlet and outlet*
Flow at inlet and outlet*
Ambient temperature*
* These readings can be taken from existing instrumentation
E-RTTM learns
Before commissioning, PipePatrol records
the pipeline data under working conditions.
Using this data allows PipePatrol to reach
maximum sensitivity without knowing
the exact pipeline properties.
Throughout its operational life, PipePatrol
remains self-learning; critical parameters
are self-tuned to continuously guarantee
maximum performance.
23
NO FALSE ALARMS.
Spontaneous leaks typically occur during
start-up, shut-down and operational
changes. This is logical, since under
these conditions the pressure in the
pipeline changes. Unfortunately, the
changing pressure causes transients;
inlet and outlet flow will vary drastically.
A good leak detection system should
be able to cope with these transients
reliably and retain its ability to detect
small leaks very quickly.
Apart from the outstanding and highly
welcome performance, Pipe Patrol
features unique leak pattern recognition.
This leak pattern recognition comes
from the underlying technology of
Extended Real Time Transient Modelling
(E-RTTM). The basic RTTM goes much
further than simple compensated
mass balance. It takes transients into
considerations. Transients are always
present in any pipeline as a result of
drawing off product, filling, packing,
product changes, ramping up and
ramping down. RTTM measures the
pressure and temperature at the inlet
and outlet, and calculates the flow from
this. It then compares the calculated
flow with the actual flow measured by
(already existing) flowmeters. The result
is a comparison of measured versus
calculated flow at inlet and outlet (not
simply at the outlet like traditional
systems), which alone provides much
better.
24
 25

Loading / Offloading:
KROHNEs scope supply ranges
from a single meter to a complete system
for loading operations
Loading & Unloading systems for ships, barges, rail cars, trucks
Meters, loading arms, grounding system, flow control, drum, container,
vessel filling, ...
Procedures highly automated for much faster and safe operations
Management of technical loading, batching and commercial processes
Co-ordinates & controls technical loading and batching processes
Organizes order processing
Including paper work (loading documents, etc.)
Custody transfer approved processes
Suitable solutions even for marine Ex-areas and extreme working conditions

Precision while changing the carrier

26

Special solutions are engineered by KROHNE specialists

for customised solutions depending on:
Products: from liquefied gas up to heavy fuel oil for bunkering
(450cSt)
Temperature: solution suitable up to 280 C
Flow rate: loading arms up to 6
Carrier: barge, ships, trucks, railcar
Single or multiproducts capability through one meter and one
loading arm
Automation level to increase the efficiency of the daily operations
Safety and Protection level with advanced and automatic solutions
Management and commercial processes with a computer system
able to coordinate all active parts together with the loading/offloading
act management, traffic and access control, tank farm loading
documents

Railcar and Trucks loading systems always need:

The most accurate and rugged flow meter
Easy and safe loading arm
Flow computer designed for double shifted output, temperature
compensation, load control valves, loading control I/O
Additive injection system
Biofuel blending system
ID-Card / Access and traffic control system
Loading control PLC
Safety systems, grounding and overfilling

Barge and Ships loading even means:

On-shore and off-shore application type
Jetty with multiproduct arms for ship
Sampling integrating system
Water detection
Sampling
 27

LOAD CONTROLLER SYSTEM

STANDARD FEATURES Single or multi-products operation
Flow controls for digital or analogic valves
Dual pulse security
Configurable inputs / outputs
Preset for batching with automatic correction
Meter factor calculation and meter curve linearization
Configurable pulse outputs
Graphic display
Automatic error handling and reporting
Integrated log-book for selected events
Manual or automatic mode selection
Configurable 170 sequencing
7 security levels
Fieldbus communications
LAN communication TCP/IP
Serial interface RS232/422/485
Storage of up to 200 transactions per meter
Remote maintenance via diagnostic interface
Approvals [Ex]: ATEX
W&M: OIML, PTB (D), MAP (I), NMI (NL), GOST (Russia) ...

OPTIONAL FEATURES Interface to densitometer

Inline blending ratio and sequential
Multi-product blending
Additive control
Meter prover application
Integrated ID card reader (wiegand proximity / transponder)
28

OPTIMASS KROHNEs experience

in loading / offloading processes
guarantees the highest
achievable performance

OPTIMASS plays a leading role in achieving

the best accuracy and repeatability

High measure accuracy

Accuracy: 0,1% MV
Viscosity independent
No flow profile and swirl effect
Temperature and pressure compensation

Multi measurement purposes:

Mass, Volume and Density reading
Multiproduct
Suitable for liquid, methane, CNG, LPG
The best solution for dispencer and trucks

Low capital costs:

High turn down ratio
No filter required
Long working life
Easy installation
No upstream and downstream straight pipe required
Bidirectional

Low operational costs:

No recalibration required when changing products
No drift

Low maintenance costs:

No moving parts, no wear
No need of periodical verification
 29

OPTIMASS is rugged, robust

and compact

OPTIMASS is the KROHNE slim giant,

measuring up to 2.300.000 Kg/h

But it becomes small and compact enough to be easily

mounted in a dispenser for liquid, liquefied gas and gas.

Suitable even for extreme operating conditions

such as high pressure or very low temperature
30
 31

Biofuels Industry
An industry showing a large growth in recent years has been the
production of biofuels. Biodiesel and bioethanol are the two basic
strategic products produced from agricultural based crops and
the worlds attempt at reducing the reliance on fossil fuels. These
processes are well known but it is only recently that investments
on a large scale are making the production of these fuels
economically viable.

Biodiesel, bioethanol, and ethanol as well, like all the other fuels
are subject to duties. Accurate measurement of the transfer between
two parties is therefore important as the correct duty needs to be paid
and the purchaser/distributor of the biodiesel needs to be confident
that what he is paying for is the correct quantity. This measurement
can be done volumetrically or by mass (weight).

KROHNE has a wealth of experience in this field and would be happy

to advise contractors and end users on the best method of installing
the flow meters and the ancillary devices equipment to get the best
performance from the measuring system.
32

Typical biofuel process

TYPICAL PLANT and schematic for biodiesel

Metyl ester

Neutralisation and
Methanol removal
Dryer
Oil
Methanol Reactor Separator Biodisel
Catalyst
Water
Glycerol 50% washing Most processes use alkali catalyst based
transesterification where oil, catalyst,
Acid Water and alcohol are combined in a reactor
Acid car Acidulation and
Free fatty acids separation and agitated at a given temperature.
Wash water
The reaction is sometime done in two
Methanol/wather steps where approximately 80% of the
rectification Water
Methanol alcohol and catalyst is added to the first
removal
stage reactor. The product vapours from
this reactor then pass through a glycerol
removal step before entering a second
For further refining Crude
glycerol Methanol reactor. The remaining 20% of the alcohol
storage
(85%) and catalyst is then added thus providing
a complete reaction with the potential of
using less alcohol.

Following this reaction, the glycerol is

removed from the methyl esters. After
separation, the methyl ester enter
a neutralisation step and then pass
through a methanol stripper.

TYPICAL PLANT and schematic for bioethanol

Enzymes
Yeast

Solid
storage Milling Fermentation

Liquefaction The production of bioethanol is typically

a batch process where time has to be
Additive to petroleum
or used for processing allowed for fermentation of a sugar-
biodisel containing product (cane, beet corn,
Fractionation

Distillation

Bioethanol Dehydration maize ...).

storage

The processing is done by milling the

product, passing it through a liquefaction
process where enzymes are added.
Drying Separation This liquid is then sent to a fermentation
Waste juice stage, where the product is allowed to
ferment thus producing ethanol (ethyl
Syrup
Drying Concentration alcohol). From here it is distilled and
the light fraction (ethanol) is sent to a
fractionation process.
 33

OPTISPIRIT SKID

Example of a skid where the mass and the volume

of the anhydrous and hydrated products are both
calculated in line. Batches and the quality of the
production are fully controlled by the integrated
management software.

The above system is fully compliant with OIML and local

Weights and Measures authority or Customs and Excise
requirements.
34
 35

Tank Farm
Global Tank Farm Control
API and OIML conformity
Real Time update of measurement and calculation values
Software and Hardware solution, developed on customers basis
Fully integrable in an existing farm
Flexible and Reliable
Free network layout
Interface to customs & free protocols
Level or Hydrostatic or Hybrid method
Free level technology selectable
Complete or partial system, fully compatible with any existing
Tank Farm System

KROHNE your tank farms guard

36

KROHNE produces safety

Tank Inventory and Management System from KROHNE, is a powerful
and intelligent system designed for tank monitoring and control. It can
be employed as a single tank solution, or as part of a comprehensive
multi tank farm, including loading and offloading, batch tracking,
blending, and leak detection procedure.

With the KROHNE TANK INVENTORY SYSTEM, each tank is a stand

alone system. And so, tank-specific data can always be called up at
any time, independent of any existing faults in the communication or
central data acquisition system.

Freely selectable transmitters for LEVEL measurement,

TEMPERATURE TANK profile, PRESSURE monitoring and BOTTOM
WATER detection interact harmoniously together on the tank. For
each tank the KROHNE TANK SIDE CONTROLLER handles data and
providing GROSS & NET VOLUME, DENSITY profile, GROSS & NET
MASS, alarms, as specified by the user.

KROHNE SUPERVISOR PLATFORM, located wherever required, is

capable of collecting all measured and calculated data in a single
interface station and thus permits easy management of the whole
TANK FARM.
 37

Radar Technology
FMCW & PLL radar technology
No moving parts
9 10 GHz band or 24 26 GHz
Horn antenna, with cleaning design and purging
system
Always working even with bitumen or liquid sulphur
Accuracy up to 1mm (Custody Transfer approved
acc. OIML R 85)
4 wire or 2 wire loop powered technology
Serial outputs as HART, RS485, Profibus and FF

The tank control unit

Input:
Level
Pressure
Multi-spot or Single Temperature
Water interface level
Output:
2 serial,
4 alarms
Calculation:
Gross & Net Volume
Gross & Net Mass
Average Temperature
Density
38
 39

Training Installation Commissioning Service (TICS)

CONSULTANCY FROM CONCEPTUAL DESIGN ...

Early involvement guarantees cost efficient solutions, based on in-dept

knowledge of application and best selection of flow meter technologies.

In house development design and manufacturing and single source

responsibility make job easier to control for the commitment.
Front end engineers and design studies
Feasability studies
Basic (functional) design
Site inspection & surveys
Site metering plan
Revamp projects

... TO COMMISSIONING AND VERIFICATION

Global support at your doorstep

Transportation
Installation
Testing
Commissioning
Start up
Initial and periodical verification

Service Level Agreements

Periodical surveys
Remote and local support
Availability
Training
40

Calibration at KROHNE
Reliability you can count on

The true quality of a flow meter becomes apparent when conditions

are less than favourable: e.g. when there are wildly fluctuating
pressures, vacuum surges, or when measuring non homogeneous
materials or media with a high viscosity.

Therefore, we at KROHNE do everything possible, starting with the

calibration, to ensure that our flow meters perform brilliantly with the
highest degree of accuracy, reliability and reproducibility, even under
such conditions.

Every KROHNE flow meter in direct volumetric comparison or mass

comparison must be wet-calibrated-by far the most accurate method.

Calibration is carried out on the worlds most accurate calibration

systems.

It is no wonder that the accuracy of the KROHNE calibration station

is generally better than that of the flow meter to be tested by a factor
of 10. For our customers, this not only means a maximum degree of
certainty, but it also guarantees the accuracy specifications of all of the
flow meters under reference conditions.

In case of custody transfer meters, calibration are carried out in

accordance with OIML and product calibration with can be arranged.

Another benefit for our customers: the KROHNE calibration stations

are certified and regularly inspected in order to ensure a constant, high
degree of measurement accuracy.
 41

Calibration
and validation of systems
or single flow meter
can be carried out:

MASTER METER MOBILE PROVER

On site
BALL PROVER TANK PROVER

FACTORY CALIBRATION

At KROHNE
factories

At independent facilities
Euroloop the largest calibration facilities
for both oil and gas fluids:

High / Low viscosity products available

High pressure rig for gas available
Largest flow rate possible
42
 43

KROHNE proved
EXPECT MORE - ACHIEVE MORE.

Any flow meter that leaves one of our factories in Germany, Great Britain,
the Netherlands, France, Brazil, China, India, or Russia is thoroughly tested
beforehand.

These specific measurements, tests, and materials tests are part of what we
call KROHNE-approved. They far exceed the legal requirements and therefore
guarantee our customers not only compliance with the specified technical data
but also the precise and reliable use of our devices under the most difficult
conditions.

We subject each electronics package to an entire series of comprehensive

temperature change tests; in which the components are exposed to cyclic
temperature changes of from -20 C to +60 C. This reduces the number of
failures in the field to a minimum.

And we wont budge on these strict tests. After all, we want to offer our
customers only those products that we have an accurate impression of in terms
of quality and performance capability.

This basic principle will apply to all devices that leave our factory in the future
as well.
 KROHNE Process Solutions Overview
Liquid flowmetering systems
Gas flowmetering systems
Supervisory systems
Flow computers
KROHNE Italia Srl
Process Solution Division
Via V. Monti 75
20145 Milano
Italy
Tel: +39 02 4300 661
Fax: +39 02 4300 6666
info.ps@krohne.com
www.krohne.com
KROHNE 08/2008 All rights reserved
Tank Management Systems
Loading & Offloading systems
Leak Detection Systems
KROHNE Messtechnik KROHNE
GmbH & Co. KG Oil & Gas
Ludwig-Krohne-Strae Minervum 7441
D-47058 Duisburg 4817 - ZG BREDA
Germany The Netherlands
Tel: +49(0)203-301-0 Tel: +31 (0)76 7112000
Fax: +49(0)203-301-389 Fax: +31 (0)76 7112001
krohne@krohne.de KOGinfo@krohne-oilandgas.com