LECTURE 1

INTRODUCTION
HDB 2123 Workplace Safety in Malaysia

COURSE SYNOPSIS

Introduction
Definition of workplace & the purpose of creating a safe
workplace
Knowing about workplace hazards
Workplace safety issues in Malaysia
Malaysian legislation for securing OSH & welfare of people at workplace
HIRARC guidelines developed by DOSH
Providing and maintaining safe machines & systems for employees
Organizing the safe use of dangerous goods & hazardous chemicals
Managing & controlling hazards

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5 PILLARS OF EFFECTIVE WORKPLACE
(Methods used to organize a workplace)

SEIRI (Sort)

SEITON (Straighten)

SEISO (Shine)

SEIKETSU (Standardize)

SHITSUKE (Sustain)

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5 PILLARS OF EFFECTIVE WORKPLACE
(Methods used to organize a workplace)

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 EFFECTIVE WORKPLACE

6 th PILLAR - SAFETY
Keep workplace safe

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 Dont Play, Play
With Safety

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 WORLD DAY FOR
SAFETY & HEALTH

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Is this workplace safe?
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 Workplace safety terms
WORKPLACE
physical location (office, manufacturing/processing
facilities/factories/plant) where people (employee,
employer, others) work
Course Synopsis

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 Workplace safety terms

WORKPLACE SAFETY
a.k.a. OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY

Course Synopsis
about protecting people against risks associated to
safety & health arising from the activities at
workplace
governed through legislation (act, regulations,
code of practice, guidelines), which designed to
secure the safety, health and welfare of the people
in the workplace
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 Workplace safety terms

ACCIDENT
ACCIDENTS - are unplanned and undesired events
that result in personal injury or property damage
Two primary
Coursecauses
Synopsis of workplace accidents:

Unsafe Act - performance of a task/activity that

is conducted in a manner which may threaten the
health and/or safety of workers at workplace
Unsafe Condition a condition in the workplace
that is likely to cause property damage or injury

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EXAMPLES OF UNSAFE ACT

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EXAMPLES OF UNSAFE ACT

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EXAMPLES OF UNSAFE ACT

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EXAMPLES OF UNSAFE ACT

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EXAMPLES OF UNSAFE CONDITION

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EXAMPLES OF UNSAFE CONDITION

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UNSAFE ACT OR CONDITION ?

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 UNSAFE ACT OR
CONDITION ?

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 OTHER EXAMPLES
Examples of unsafe acts include:
operating equipment w/o permission
using defective/wrong tools or equipment
not using personal protective equipment (PPE)
exceeding equipment design operating parameters
deliberately disobeying safety rules
Under influence of alcohol/drugs

Examples of unsafe conditions include:

lack of guarding on machinery
inadequate lighting
faulty equipment
excessive noise
poor housekeeping
improper ventilation
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 Workplace safety terms

INCIDENT

INCIDENTS unplanned or undesired events that

hinder completion of a task and may cause injury or
other damage

NEAR MISSES

NEAR MISSES - are incidents where no injury or

property damage has occurred but where a slight
difference in position or timing would have meant
that damage or injury could have occurred
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 TYPES OF INCIDENT

HAZARD NEAR MISS ACCIDENT

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1 2 3 4

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1 2 3 4

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WHAT IS HAZARD

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 Workplace safety terms

HAZARD

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 Workplace safety terms

HAZARD
HAZARD - an unsafe condition or practice that could
cause an injury, illness or death to an employee at
workplace and it is preventable
Course Synopsis

RISK
RISK - likelihood that a person may be harmed or
suffers adverse health effects if exposed to a
workplace hazard
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A hazard is
anything that
can

cut you

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A hazard is
anything that
can

trip you

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A hazard is
anything that
can

burn you

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A hazard is
anything that
can

crush you

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A hazard is
anything that
can

hurt your
hearing

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A hazard is
anything that
can

hurt your
eyes

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A hazard is
anything that
can

make you
sick

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A hazard is
anything that
can

cause you
pain

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Types of Hazards (1)

SAFETY HAZARDS
common and will present in most workplaces at one time or another
ex. spills on floor; unguarded machines; electric hazards

PHYSICAL HAZARDS
factors within the environment that can harm the body without necessarily
touching it
ex. radiation; ultraviolet rays; excessive exposure to sunlight

BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS
associated with working with animals, people, or infectious plant materials
ex. blood; body fluids; fungi; bacteria; viruses

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 Types of Hazards (2)
ERGONOMIC HAZARDS
Occur when the type of work, body positions and working conditions put strain
on your body
ex. poor posture; improper chairs; awkward movements

CHEMICAL HAZARDS
present when a worker is exposed to any chemical preparation in the
workplace in any form (solid, liquid or gas)
ex. vapors and fumes; flammable material; pesticides

WORK ORGANIZATION HAZARDS

hazards that cause stress (short-term effects) and strain (long-term effects)
ex. workload demands; violence; bad team work dynamics

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Top 10 Hazards in the Workplace (1)
1. Overexertion Injuries
includes injuries related to pulling, lifting, pushing,
holding, carrying, and throwing activities at work
2. Slipping/Tripping
this pertains to falls on wet and slippery floors or
trips over something lying on the floor
3. Falling from Heights
fall happens from an elevated area such as roofs,
ladders and stairways
4. Reaction Injuries
injuries caused by slipping and tripping without
falling
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 Top 10 Hazards in the Workplace (2)
5. Falling Object Injuries
objects that fall from shelves or dropped can cause very serious
injuries. Head injuries are a common result of this type of
accident

6. Walking Into Injuries

happens when a person accidentally runs into concrete objects
such as walls, doors, cabinets, glass windows, table, chairs

7. Vehicle Accidents
employees who drive for business purposes are often injured in
auto accidents, some of which can be fatal

8. Machine Entanglement
loose-fitting shirts might possibly become entangled in rotating
machines
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Top 10 Hazards in the Workplace (3)

9. Repetitive Motion Injuries

This type of workplace injury is one of those less obvious
but definitely harmful ones in the long run

10. On the Job Violent Acts

Attacks caused by office politics and other arguments
have led to serious physical injuries

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 An illustration of a common unsafe workplace.
How many Near Misses you can find in this picture?
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Answer:
There are no near misses; these are all hazards.

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List the hazards you see in this picture?

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 Hazards

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Any More Hazards?

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 More Hazards

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However, if the guy walking down the stairs at the
last minute sees the spill & jumps over it because
he has no time to stop, that would be categorized
as a near miss.
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Maintain 3 points of contact when going up or down ladders,
stairs and other elevated surfaces to avoid injuries caused by
slips, trips and falls
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 Defective
Equipment

Common place equipment like ladders can often be

overlooked. Inspect all equipment prior to use and report or
repair any defects immediately
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 Poor Lighting

Poor lighting can cause strain and make it difficult to spot hazards

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Poor Air
Quality

Exhaust hoses should attached to any vehicles running

indoors and exhausted to an area where it will not re-enter
the working facility
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 Engineering
safety controls

Ensure that working safety guards are installed on all

mechanical equipment and machinery and that they include
emergency stops and/or lockouts
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 Truck Exit
Impact Force

The impact on a persons body from hopping, jumping or falling

from height can cause strains, sprains and even broken bones

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Use appropriate PPE such as eye protection, gloves and
protective overalls when grinding, hammering or welding.
Protective footwear should include electric shock resistance.
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 Unsafe Work
Procedure

Always follow safe work procedures and best practices to avoid

workplace injuries. Gantries should be placed directly above
their loads in order to eliminate injuries from swinging loads
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 Fire Hazards

Maintain good housekeeping in all work areas. Fuel soaked

rags must be stored in a can with a secure lid in order to avoid
fire
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